CN109253765A - River discharge monitors measuring system and method for calculating flux on-line - Google Patents
River discharge monitors measuring system and method for calculating flux on-line Download PDFInfo
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- CN109253765A CN109253765A CN201811240976.0A CN201811240976A CN109253765A CN 109253765 A CN109253765 A CN 109253765A CN 201811240976 A CN201811240976 A CN 201811240976A CN 109253765 A CN109253765 A CN 109253765A
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- river
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/66—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
- G01F1/663—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters by measuring Doppler frequency shift
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/002—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow wherein the flow is in an open channel
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of river discharges to monitor measuring system on-line, which is made of flow rate calculation system, measurement instrument and mounting platform;Flow rate calculation system is mounted in monitoring room and is located above the water surface, handled and calculated for controlling measurement instrument work, while by the data that measurement instrument measures, and obtains data on flows;The measurement instrument is mounted on mounting platform and is located in the river in river, the flow rate and direction for measuring water flow;Mounting platform is used to install fixed measurement instrument and its bottom is located in river.Present system structure is simple, using acoustic Doppler measurement instrument can real-time monitoring flow rate and direction, have many advantages, such as that measurement data is accurate, high-efficient, installation is simple, do not influence flow field, do not influence navigation channel.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to hydrologic monitoring apparatus fields, and in particular to a kind of river discharge on-line monitoring measuring system and flow
Calculation method.
Background technique
River discharge measurement is one of vital task of hydrologist.Traditional method for measuring river discharge includes artificial
Measurement etc. that boat measurement, bridge are surveyed, cableway measures and paddles.The basic principle is that laying a plurality of vertical line on gaging section, hang down at every
Line sound the depth of the water and with current meter measurement one to several points flow velocity, to obtain mean velocity in vertical, and then obtain section face
Long-pending and mean velocity in section, flow are then obtained by the product of cross-sectional area and mean velocity in section.This conventional method is taken a lot of work expense
When, low efficiency.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of conventional method, and a kind of river discharge provided is monitored on-line and is surveyed
Amount system is flowed to by using acoustic Doppler measurement instrument real-time measurement cross-sectional flow, is improved than conventional method measurement efficiency several
Ten times, accuracy greatly improves;And measuring system of the invention have do not influence flow field, do not influence navigation channel, the range that tests the speed it is big,
The characteristics of high degree of automation.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, a kind of the technical solution adopted by the present invention are as follows: river discharge on-line monitoring measurement
System, the system are made of flow rate calculation system, measurement instrument and mounting platform;Flow rate calculation system is mounted in monitoring room and position
It is handled and is calculated above the water surface, for controlling measurement instrument work, while by the data that measurement instrument measures, obtain flow number
According to;The measurement instrument is mounted on mounting platform and is located in the river in river, the flow rate and direction for measuring water flow;Installation
Platform is used to install fixed measurement instrument and its bottom is located in river.
Preferably, the measurement instrument is acoustic Doppler measurement instrument, it utilizes acoustical Doppler effect, its transducing
Device launches the pulse of certain frequency, which generates scatter echo signal after encountering the suspended material in water body, which is
Acoustic Doppler measurement instrument is received.Since suspended material drifts about with stream, make the frequency of the echo-signal and the frequency of transmitting
Between generate a frequency difference, i.e. Doppler frequency shift.According to the size and sign symbol of this frequency displacement, flow velocity and stream can be calculated
To.
Preferably, the mounting platform is using spud pile formula or truss-like or floating platform formula.
Preferably, the spud pile formula mounting platform includes the spud pile that a root bottom part is fixed on bottom of river channel, Gu
Determine that bottom of river channel position is provided with measurement instrument in stake, the measurement instrument is by cable and monitors indoor flow rate calculation system
System electrical connection;The water surface or more is extended in the upper end of the spud pile, and is further fixed on warning lamp support, and warning lamp support is above-mentioned
It is provided with warning lamp.Warning lamp can flash at night, and passing ships is reminded to pay attention to avoiding.
Preferably, the truss-like mounting platform includes the vertical measuring rod that lower end is in water, hang down with measuring rod
It directly is provided with the cross bar being fixedly connected with the rock base of river side, the upper end of measuring rod is vertically connected with a steel truss
The other end of body panel, steel girder platform is connect with the support frame in the concrete base layer of river side;On the measuring rod
From lower from above setting gradually there are three measurement instrument.
Preferably, the floating platform formula mounting platform includes the floating platform ontology that can be floated on the water surface, floating platform ontology
Lower end surface be connected with the connecting rod for being deep into water surface straight line, set gradually from bottom to up in the connecting rod there are three
Measurement instrument;The two sides of floating platform ontology are connect by anchor chain with the rock base of river side.
Preferably, the upper end of the spud pile formula or truss-like mounting platform is provided with hand winch, for repairing
Shi Tiqi measuring instrument;Save manpower.
Preferably, carrying out tunneling boring real-time measurement using two or more measurement instruments when cross section of river is wider.Flow
Computing system calculates cross section of river, passes through micro- product according to actual quantities flow rate and direction data, energy and cross section of river shape, waterlevel data
Point mode calculates outflow.It is different according to the frequency of sound wave of measurement instrument, measurement distance also it is different extremely, such as the measurement instrument of 600kHz
Maximum measurement distance is at 40 meters or so.
A kind of method of calculating flux of river discharge on-line monitoring measuring system, includes the following steps:
S1, using measurement instrument as origin, measuring the depth of water at origin with measurement instrument is h, compared with wet season peak level h1,
SEA LEVEL VARIATION δ h is obtained, the depth of water H (the x)-δ h of section any place is obtained;Wherein H (x) is the water level depth of arbitrary point;
S2, the cell area d to a certain moment at origin XS, obtain dS=[H (x)-δ h] dx, flow velocity is set as V at this time
(x, t) is obtained and is flowed through dSFlow be V (x, t) dS=V (x, t) [H (x)-δ h] dx;Wherein, S is entire section face
Product;
S3, by hydraulic calculation model to known cross-sectional flow calculate inverting with after being corrected close to full face
Flow velocity function V'(x, t);The entire section between water level line BD at any time is to flowing through dSFlow integrate and can obtain
The flow L that entire section is flowed through in a period of time t, obtains
System structure of the invention is simple, using acoustic Doppler measurement instrument can real-time monitoring flow rate and direction, have measurement
Data are accurate, high-efficient, installation is simple, do not influence flow field, do not influence the advantages that navigation channel.Acoustic Doppler measurement instrument is more than nearly ten
The new technology to grow up over year.The characteristics of instrument is the flow velocity and flow direction that can directly measure section, and when measurement does not disturb
Time-consuming is test less in flow field, and the range that tests the speed is big, and diagnosis and repair facilitates.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the scheme of installation of the invention patent;
Fig. 2 is flow rate calculation schematic diagram;
Installation diagram when Fig. 3 is two measurement instruments;
Fig. 4 is the structure chart of truss-like mounting platform;
Fig. 5 is the structure chart of floating platform formula mounting platform.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further elaborated and is illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.Each implementation in the present invention
The technical characteristic of mode can carry out the corresponding combination under the premise of not conflicting with each other.
Embodiment one
System composition:
As shown in Fig. 1: a kind of river discharge of the invention monitors measuring system on-line, and the system is by flow rate calculation system
1-1, measurement instrument 1-5 and mounting platform composition.Flow rate calculation system 1-1 is mounted in monitoring room, and is located above the water surface, is used for
Control measurement instrument work;Be also possible to a simple house or work station, be mainly exactly protect flow rate calculation system 1-1 not by
Artificial destruction or weather influence and cause to work.The data by measurement instrument measurement are handled and are calculated simultaneously, are obtained
Data on flows;Measurement instrument is mounted on mounting platform and is located in the river in river, the flow rate and direction for measuring water flow;Installation
Platform is used to install fixed measurement instrument and its bottom is located in river;Measurement instrument of the present invention and the flow rate calculation
System 1-1 realizes electrical connection by cable 1-7, counts so that the data of measurement are transferred to flow rate calculation system 1-1 in time
It calculates.
Measurement instrument of the present invention is the acoustic Doppler measurement instrument of commercial product, such as gold-digger's-SL type measurement instrument.
It utilizes acoustical Doppler effect, its energy converter launches the pulse of certain frequency, which encounters the suspended matter in water body
Scatter echo signal is generated after matter, which is received by acoustic Doppler measurement instrument.Since suspended material drifts about with stream, make
A frequency difference, i.e. Doppler frequency shift are generated between the frequency of the echo-signal and the frequency of transmitting.According to the size of this frequency displacement
And sign symbol, flow velocity and flow direction can be calculated.
Mounting platform is using spud pile formula or truss-like or floating platform formula.
As shown in Fig. 1: spud pile formula mounting platform includes the spud pile 1-4 that a root bottom part is fixed on bottom of river channel 1-6,
Bottom of river channel position is provided with measurement instrument 1-5 on spud pile, measurement instrument 1-5 is by cable 1-7 and monitors indoor flow
Computing system 1-1 electrical connection;The water surface or more is extended in the upper end of spud pile 1-4, and is further fixed on warning lamp support 1-3, warning
Warning lamp 1-2 is provided on lamp support 1-3.It is flashing that the purpose of warning lamp 1-2 setting of the invention is warning lamp at night, is mentioned
Awake passing ships pay attention to avoiding.
As shown in Fig. 1: truss-like mounting platform includes the vertical measuring rod 2-1 that lower end is in water, with measuring rod 2-1
It is vertically installed with the cross bar 2-3 being fixedly connected with the rock base 2-2 of river side, the upper end of measuring rod 2-1 vertically connects
It is connected to a steel girder platform 2-4, the support in the other end of steel girder platform 2-4 and the concrete base layer 2-5 of river side
Frame 2-6 connection;From lower from above setting gradually there are three measurement instrument 1-5 on measuring rod 2-1.
As shown in Fig. 5: floating platform formula mounting platform includes the floating platform ontology 3-1 that can be floated on the water surface, floating platform ontology
The lower end surface of 3-1 is connected with the connecting rod 3-2 for being deep into water surface straight line, is disposed with from bottom to up on connecting rod 3-2
Three measurement instrument 1-5;The two sides of floating platform ontology 3-1 are connect by anchor chain 3-3 with the rock base 2-2 of river side.
As shown in Fig. 1, the upper end of spud pile formula or truss-like mounting platform is provided with hand winch 4-1, for repairing
Shi Tiqi measuring instrument;Save manpower.
It is as shown in Fig. 3: when cross section of river is wider, by the way of the installation of two sides face, i.e. left bank measurement instrument and the right side
Bank measurement instrument measures simultaneously, achievees the purpose that cover cross section of river as far as possible, other structures are the same as attached drawing 1.Using two or more
Measurement instrument 1-5 is divided into the two sides in river width direction, can also be symmetrical arranged, and carries out tunneling boring real-time measurement.Flow rate calculation
System 1-1 calculates cross section of river, passes through calculus mode according to actual quantities flow rate and direction data, cross section of river shape, waterlevel data
Calculate outflow.The frequency of sound wave for surveying instrument 1-5 according to stream is different, measurement distance also it is different extremely, such as 600kHz measurement instrument most
Big measurement distance is at 40 meters or so.In the present invention, it can be 1-15 meters wide/measurement instrument.
System structure of the invention is simple, using acoustic Doppler measurement instrument can real-time monitoring flow rate and direction, have measurement
Data are accurate, high-efficient, installation is simple, do not influence flow field, do not influence the advantages that navigation channel.
Acoustic Doppler measurement instrument is the new technology to grow up over the past decade.The characteristics of instrument is directly to survey
The flow velocity and flow direction of section out, when measurement, do not disturb flow field, test time-consuming few, and the range that tests the speed is big, and diagnosis and repair facilitates.
Embodiment two
Flow rate calculation schematic diagram as shown in Fig. 2, flow rate calculation: using sounding instrument as origin, by acoustic Doppler flow measurement
Depth sensor or separately installed sounding instrument in instrument measure the depth of water h at origin, and with it is former when wet season peak level h1
The depth of water of point compares, and acquires SEA LEVEL VARIATION δ h, i.e. Δ h.Therefore, the depth of water of section any place is H (x)-δ h;Wherein H (x) is to appoint
The water level depth of meaning point.
The flow velocity function of section, i.e. V (x, t) are measured by the measurement instrument 1-5 in Flow Measuring System 1-1;
Consider cell area d of a certain moment at origin XS, then dS=[H (x)-δ h] dx, and flow velocity is V herein
(x, t) then flows through dSFlow be V (x, t) dS=V (x, t) [H (x)-δ h] dx;Wherein, S is entire cross-sectional area.
The entire section between water level line BD at any time is to flowing through dSFlow carry out integral can obtain a period of time t
The flow L of entire section is inside flowed through, i.e., are as follows:
Due to the limitation that measurement instrument is laid, the flow velocity measurement on tunneling boring can not obtain complete disconnected there are certain blind area
Face velocity flow profile or the cost for obtaining tunneling boring velocity flow profile larger (such as measurement instrument back side, the region in Fig. 2 under water level line BD
Deng), need by hydraulic calculation model to known cross-sectional flow calculate inverting with after being corrected close to full face stream
Fast function V'(x, t).
Then (1) formula becomes:
In actual calculating, since V'(x can not be obtained from measurement instrument) analytical function, the tool that should be provided according to ADCP
Volume data format solves (2) formula with numerical computation method.
According to the actual conditions of section, the measurement of flow velocity is by arranging that horizontal flow measurement ADCP is carried out.Such measurement method is not
The evitable blind area that can have measurement measures full face flow velocity according to corresponding specification or according to hydromechanical Numerical-Mode
Quasi- mode carries out model analysis to measurement blind area.
Flow calibration:
After Flow Measuring System operation, it need to be verified using boating type flowmeter, discharge measurement is according to " acoustics is more
General Le discharge measurement specification " it carries out.The correlativity or model determined according to testing data should carry out school survey, the sample number that school is surveyed
It should be no less than 10 times.When measuring point deviates considerably from former calibration correlativity when school, school should be encrypted in time and surveys survey time, to meet rate again
Determine correlativity.School surveys result and is preferably tested with statistical test.When former correlativity and school test sample originally have significant difference
When, test and calibration correlativity should be re-started.
The working principle of above system is as follows:
When whole system brings into operation: acoustic Doppler measurement instrument 1-5 is launched certain using acoustical Doppler effect
The pulse of frequency, the pulse generate scatter echo signal after encountering the suspended material in water body, which is acoustic Doppler survey
Stream instrument is received.Since suspended material drifts about with stream, make to generate one between the frequency of the echo-signal and the frequency of transmitting
Frequency difference, i.e. Doppler frequency shift.According to the size and sign symbol of this frequency displacement, flow velocity and flow direction can be calculated.Of the invention
Computing system, measurement instrument power supply come from bank electricity, and the power supply of warning lamp is that solar energy is self-powered.
Acoustic Doppler measurement instrument 1-5 is used and is horizontally mounted mode and measures, when cross section of river is wider, using two
A or multiple measurement instruments carry out tunneling boring real-time measurement.For flow rate calculation system according to actual quantities flow rate and direction data, energy and river are disconnected
Face shape, waterlevel data calculate cross section of river, calculate outflow by calculus mode.
The invention patent whole system is applied to the estuary measurement of the river Ningbo great Song and enters ocean current amount, is mounted on sluice gate
Trip, 4 meters of river mean depth at this are 90 meters wide.Have when barrier gate since gate airtightness is bad and a small amount of enters ocean current amount, system energy
It accurately detects, data on flows variation is obvious when opening a sluice gate.It is compared by boating type flow examining system, mistake is within 10%.
This system is on-line measurement system, and real-time online flow measurement carries out this system by boating type Flow Measuring System
Amendment.
Above-mentioned embodiment is only a preferred solution of the present invention, if so it is not invented to limit this
Patent.Those of ordinary skill in related technical field can also be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention
Various change and modification, therefore all mode technical solutions obtained for taking equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation, all fall within this hair
In bright protection scope.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of river discharge monitors measuring system on-line, which is made of flow rate calculation system, measurement instrument and mounting platform;
Flow rate calculation system is mounted in monitoring room and is located above the water surface, for controlling measurement instrument work, while measurement instrument being measured
Data handled and calculated, obtain data on flows;The measurement instrument is mounted on the river on mounting platform and being located at river
Flow rate and direction in road, for measuring water flow;Mounting platform is used to install fixed measurement instrument and its bottom is located in river.
2. river discharge according to claim 1 monitors measuring system on-line, it is characterised in that: the measurement instrument is sound
Learn Doppler current measurement instrument.
3. river discharge according to claim 1 monitors measuring system on-line, it is characterised in that: the mounting platform is adopted
With spud pile formula or truss-like or floating platform formula.
4. river discharge according to claim 3 monitors measuring system on-line, it is characterised in that: the spud pile formula peace
Assembling platform includes the spud pile that a root bottom part is fixed on bottom of river channel, and close bottom of river channel position is provided with flow measurement on spud pile
Instrument, the measurement instrument are electrically connected by cable with indoor flow rate calculation system is monitored;The upper end of the spud pile extends
Out more than the water surface, and it is further fixed on warning lamp support, warning lamp support is above-mentioned to be provided with warning lamp.
5. river discharge according to claim 3 monitors measuring system on-line, it is characterised in that: the truss-like installation
Platform includes the vertical measuring rod that lower end is in water, and the rock base for being vertically installed with one and river side with measuring rod consolidates
Surely the cross bar connected, the upper end of measuring rod are vertically connected with a steel girder platform, the other end of steel girder platform and river side
Support frame connection in the concrete base layer in face;From lower from above setting gradually there are three measurement instrument on the measuring rod.
6. river discharge according to claim 3 monitors measuring system on-line, it is characterised in that: the floating fixed on table
Platform includes the floating platform ontology that can be floated on the water surface, and the lower end surface of floating platform ontology is connected with one and is deep into water surface straight line
Connecting rod, sets gradually that there are three measurement instruments in the connecting rod from bottom to up;The two sides of floating platform ontology pass through anchor chain and river
The rock base of road side connects.
7. river discharge according to claim 3 monitors measuring system on-line, it is characterised in that: the spud pile formula or
The upper end of truss-like mounting platform is provided with hand winch, and measuring instrument is lifted when for repairing.
8. a kind of method of calculating flux of river discharge on-line monitoring measuring system according to claim 1, feature exist
In: include the following steps:
S1, using sounding instrument as origin, measuring the depth of water at origin with sounding instrument is h, compared with wet season peak level h1, is obtained
SEA LEVEL VARIATION δ h obtains the depth of water H (the x)-δ h of section any place;Wherein H (x) is the water level depth of arbitrary point;
S2, the cell area d to a certain moment at origin XS, obtain dS=[H (x)-δ h] dx, at this time flow velocity be set as V (x,
T), it obtains and flows through dSFlow be V (x, t) dS=V (x, t) [H (x)-δ h] dx;Wherein, S is entire cross-sectional area;
S3, by hydraulic calculation model to known cross-sectional flow calculate inverting with after being corrected close to full face flow velocity
Function V'(x, t);The entire section between water level line BD at any time is to flowing through dSFlow carry out integral can obtain one section
The flow L that entire section is flowed through in time t, obtains
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