CN112730879A - Intelligent river flow velocity measuring device and method - Google Patents
Intelligent river flow velocity measuring device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112730879A CN112730879A CN202011420608.1A CN202011420608A CN112730879A CN 112730879 A CN112730879 A CN 112730879A CN 202011420608 A CN202011420608 A CN 202011420608A CN 112730879 A CN112730879 A CN 112730879A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
- G01P5/001—Full-field flow measurement, e.g. determining flow velocity and direction in a whole region at the same time, flow visualisation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
- G01F23/04—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by dip members, e.g. dip-sticks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
- G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
- G01F23/28—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring the variations of parameters of electromagnetic or acoustic waves applied directly to the liquid or fluent solid material
- G01F23/296—Acoustic waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P1/00—Details of instruments
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D7/00—Control of flow
- G05D7/06—Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means
- G05D7/0617—Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means specially adapted for fluid materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
Abstract
The invention discloses an intelligent river channel flow velocity measuring device and a measuring method. The method comprises the following steps: a main body: the device is used for supporting and mounting the measuring device; water flow direction sensing mechanism: for obtaining the direction of the water flow; rotatable tachymeter: adjusting the direction according to the direction of the water flow obtained by the water flow direction sensing mechanism, so that the flow measuring rotary vane of the rotatable velocimeter is opposite to the flow velocity direction of the water flow, and measuring the flow velocity at the position; a traction mechanism: the underwater depth of the water flow direction sensing mechanism and the rotatable velocimeter is adjusted; a PLC controller: and the water flow direction sensing mechanism, the rotatable velocimeter and the traction mechanism are connected. According to the invention, the water flow direction sensing mechanism can obtain the direction of water flow thrust by measuring the magnitude and direction of the force of the rod on the swinging ball, and the rotational velocimeter can adjust the direction of the flow measuring propeller according to the water flow direction, so that the measured flow speed is more accurate; the invention can measure the flow velocity of water flow at different depths of the river channel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of river channel flow velocity measurement, and particularly relates to an intelligent river channel flow velocity measurement device and a measurement method.
Background
With the continuous development of the human economic society, the demand of people on water consumption inside and outside rivers and lakes is increasing day by day, the problem of water pollution is aggravated continuously, water resources are more and more short, disasters such as flood are frequent along with the deterioration of climate, and therefore the water level, the flow velocity and the flow monitoring of the river channel are of great importance. The real-time monitoring of the river channel is beneficial to mastering the available water resource amount, early warning of flood and other disasters and guarantee the life and property safety of people.
The common method for measuring the average flow velocity of the river channel section in engineering hydrology comprises the steps of firstly measuring the area of the river channel section and determining the number of speed measuring plumbs to be set, setting the speed measuring plumbs at different positions of the river channel section and measuring the area of the river channel section of each part, obtaining the average flow velocity on the speed measuring plumbs by measuring the flow velocity of the same speed measuring plumb at different depths, and then obtaining the average flow velocity on the river channel section by using a weighted average value method. However, the existing current flow meter cannot be automatically adjusted to adapt to different water depths, and cannot be always in the same straight line with the flow velocity direction of water flow in riverways with different water depths, so that the use limitation of the current flow meter and the inaccuracy of the measurement result can be caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an intelligent river channel flow velocity measuring device and a measuring method, which can solve the existing problems of a flow velocity meter. This intelligence river course velocity of flow measuring device has that stability is high, intelligent automation, can measure the different degree of depth rivers velocity of flow size in river course, advantage that the measuring result is more accurate.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: the utility model provides an intelligence river course velocity of flow measuring device which characterized in that includes:
a main body: the device is used for supporting and mounting the measuring device;
water flow direction sensing mechanism: for obtaining the direction of the water flow;
rotatable tachymeter: adjusting the direction according to the direction of the water flow obtained by the water flow direction sensing mechanism, so that the flow measuring rotary vane of the rotatable velocimeter is opposite to the flow velocity direction of the water flow, and measuring the flow velocity at the position;
a traction mechanism: the underwater depth of the water flow direction sensing mechanism and the rotatable velocimeter is adjusted;
a PLC controller: and the water flow direction sensing mechanism, the rotatable velocimeter and the traction mechanism are connected.
Further, the body comprises a frame and a base, the frame comprises a top frame, a middle frame and a transverse connecting frame; the top frame is horizontally arranged at the top end of the middle frame, the transverse connecting frame is horizontally arranged on one side of the middle frame, the top frame, the middle frame and the transverse connecting frame are rectangular structures, and the base is provided with reinforcing ribs;
The PLC controller sets up inside the top frame, and one side parallel of middle part frame is equipped with a plurality of transverse connection frames, is equipped with the current surveying mechanism on every transverse connection frame, and every current surveying mechanism includes a set of rotatable tachymeter and rivers direction induction mechanism, and middle part frame inside is equipped with the rotatable tachymeter of every group and rivers direction induction mechanism assorted drive mechanism.
The ultrasonic range finder comprises a solar cell panel, a storage battery, a water level sensor and a graduated scale;
the ultrasonic range finder is arranged on one side, close to the water surface, of the top frame, and the solar panel is arranged on the upper surface of the top frame and used for converting solar energy into electric energy, storing the electric energy in the storage battery and supplying power to the device; and a graduated scale is arranged on the other side of the middle frame from top to bottom, a water level sensor is arranged at the position of the early warning and dangerous water level of the river channel, and the graduated scale guarantees that the water level is marked to the lowest water level from the river channel.
The lighting device further comprises a lightning rod and bulbs, wherein the lightning rod is arranged on the upper surface of the top frame, a reflective coating is coated on the surface of the top frame, and a row of bulbs are arranged on the left side and the right side of the top frame respectively.
Furthermore, the traction mechanism comprises a steel strand, a traction block, a telescopic rod, a motor, a fixed pulley and a sleeve rod; a sliding rod is arranged on the middle frame;
The sleeve rod is sleeved on the periphery of the sliding rod and can slide up and down along the sliding rod, the steel strand is connected with the traction block and the sleeve rod around the fixed pulley, the bottom of the traction block is connected with the telescopic rod, and the telescopic rod is driven by the motor to extend and retract so as to drive the sleeve rod to slide up and down along the sliding rod; the transverse connecting frame is connected with the loop bar, so that the flow measuring mechanism is connected with the middle frame.
Furthermore, the water flow direction sensing mechanism comprises a hemispherical position sensor, a sensing ball, a steering ball, a swinging rod and a power mechanism, and the swinging rod is also provided with a force sensing device;
the oscillating rod connects the induction ball, the steering ball and the oscillating ball, so that the centers of the three balls are on the same straight line; the swinging ball is positioned in water flow and is under the action of water flow thrust; the sensing ball is contacted with the hemispherical position sensor; the steering ball is positioned on the upper side of the bottom plate of the transverse connecting frame;
furthermore, a through hole is formed in a bottom plate of the transverse connecting frame, the diameter of the through hole is smaller than that of the steering ball, and an arc matched with the steering ball is arranged on the circumference of the through hole, so that the steering ball is clamped on the bottom plate and can rotate in the through hole.
Further, the rotatable velocimeter comprises a rotating rod, a vertical rotating shaft, a rotating ball, a transverse rotating shaft, a current meter, a current measuring propeller, a rotating rod driving mechanism and a rotating ball driving mechanism;
The rotating rod driving mechanism is connected with the PLC and used for driving the rotating rod to rotate, and the rotating rod rotates around the vertical rotating shaft to enable the flow measuring propeller on the current meter to rotate on the horizontal plane;
the rotating ball driving mechanism is connected with the PLC and is used for driving the rotating ball to rotate around the transverse rotating shaft, so that the flow measuring propeller on the current meter rotates up and down on the vertical plane;
the upper side of the transverse connecting frame adjacent to the top frame is provided with a pressure sensing device, and the upper side of the other transverse connecting frame is provided with an ultrasonic distance meter.
A method for measuring the flow velocity of a river channel by adopting the device comprises the following steps:
step (1): the PLC controls the traction mechanism to pull a group of water flow direction induction mechanisms and a rotatable speedometer to the depth of water depth with the flow velocity to be measured according to a pressure sensing device or an ultrasonic distance meter arranged on the transverse connecting frame;
step (2): the swinging ball on the water flow direction sensing mechanism is under the action of water flow thrust in water, the magnitude and the direction of the force of the rod on the swinging ball are measured, the magnitude and the direction of the force on the swinging ball are analyzed and processed by the PLC, and the direction of the water flow thrust, namely the direction of the water flow, is obtained through synthesis;
And (3): and the PLC adjusts the direction of the flow measuring propeller on the current meter by rotating the rotating rod and the rotating ball according to the obtained current direction, so that the flow measuring propeller is opposite to the current velocity direction of the current, and the current velocity is measured.
Furthermore, the direction of the through-origin point represented in a semispherical coordinate system formed by the semispherical position sensor by the thrust Fv of the water flow borne by the swinging ball on the water flow direction sensing mechanismThe amount is (Fv, θ ', Φ'), wherein Φ ═ pi, pi,
The thrust Fv direction of the water flow represents the direction of the water flow, so that the direction of the water flow is obtained, wherein theta is an included angle between the force F of the swinging rod, which is borne by the swinging ball, and the positive direction of the Z axis, and phi is an angle rotated by rotating from the positive direction of the X axis to the projection of the F on the xy plane in the counterclockwise direction when viewed from the positive direction of the Z axis;
the rotatable velocimeter can horizontally rotate around the vertical rotating shaft through the rotating rod according to the obtained angles theta' and phi
Angle of (a) if
Then rotate to the right bank direction if
Then the rotation is towards the left bank direction;
the rotating ball vertically rotates around the transverse rotating shaft
Angle of (a) if
Then vertically rotate downwards if
The rotating shaft rotates vertically upwards to adjust the flow measuring direction of the flow measuring propeller, so that the flow measuring propeller always faces to the water flow direction;
The flow velocity V is measured by the flow velocity meter, so that the flow velocity V' of the vertical river channel section can be obtained and used for calculating the river channel flow.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the remarkable advantages that:
1. the water flow direction sensing mechanism measures the force and the direction of the rod on the swinging ball, analyzes the force on the swinging ball, and obtains the direction of water flow thrust, namely the direction of water flow, by utilizing the vector synthesis principle, so that the real-time acquisition of the flow speed direction of the water flow can be realized.
2. The rotatable speedometer can automatically adjust the flow measuring propeller on the speedometer to be opposite to the river channel water flow direction according to the water flow velocity direction obtained by the water flow direction induction mechanism, so that the measurement result of the river channel flow velocity is more accurate, the flow velocity of water flow perpendicular to the river channel section can be obtained, and a basis is provided for the calculation of river channel flow.
3. Each group of water flow direction sensing mechanism and the rotatable velocimeter are controlled by a corresponding traction mechanism, and each traction mechanism works independently, so that the measurement of the flow velocity of different water depths can be realized.
4. The invention adopts the ultrasonic distance meter to measure the water level of the water surface in real time, and is provided with the water level sensor at the corresponding early warning and dangerous water level, so as to achieve the real-time monitoring of the water level change of the river channel and the timely early warning of the abnormal water level.
5. The solar cell panel is adopted to convert solar energy into electric energy to provide energy for the intelligent river flow velocity measuring device, so that the intelligent river flow velocity measuring device is green and energy-saving; the lightning rod can prevent the intelligent river flow velocity measuring device from being damaged by lightning; adopt bulb and reflection of light coating can avoid the ship to cause the striking to destroy to intelligent river flow velocity measuring device at night and during the daytime.
6. The invention adopts the PLC controller, can realize the intelligent control of the river flow velocity measuring device and realize the functions of automation and remote monitoring.
7. The base provided with the reinforcing ribs is adopted, so that the stability of the intelligent river channel flow velocity measuring device is maintained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an intelligent river flow rate measuring device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an intelligent river flow rate measuring mechanism according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a traction mechanism in the intelligent river flow rate measuring device of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a plan perspective view of the structure of the water flow direction sensing mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a sectional view of the structure of the water flow direction sensing mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a hemispherical coordinate system according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of an analysis of the force on a pendulum ball according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the vector composition of the forces experienced by the pendulum ball of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the intelligent river flow rate measuring device of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a top view of the river arrangement of the intelligent river flow rate measuring device of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a schematic view of river cross-section layout of the intelligent river flow rate measuring device according to the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-ultrasonic range finder, 2-lightning rod, 3-solar panel, 4-bulb, 5-reflective coating, 6-PLC controller, 7-water level sensor, 8-scale, 9-steel strand, 10-traction block, 11-telescopic rod, 12-motor, 13-slide rod, 14-loop bar, 15-pressure sensing device, 16-hemispherical position sensor, 17-sensing ball, 18-rotating rod, 19-vertical rotating shaft, 20-horizontal rotating shaft, 21-current meter, 22-current measuring propeller, 23-rotating ball, 24-steering ball, 25-force sensing device, 26-swinging rod, 27-swinging ball, 28-fixed pulley, 29-1-top frame, 29-2-middle frame, 29-3-transverse connecting frame, 30-base, 31-accumulator, 32-reinforcing rib.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
As shown in figures 1-11, the main body of the intelligent river flow measuring device is divided into three parts, namely a top frame 29-1, a middle frame 29-2, a transverse connecting frame 29-3 and a bottom base 30.
Wherein:
1) an ultrasonic ranging device 1, an ultrasonic ranging device 1 disposed on the top frame 29-1 for monitoring a change in the water level of the river, and an ultrasonic ranging device 1 disposed on the transverse connection frame 29-3 for measuring the distance between the transverse connection frames.
2) And the lightning rod 2 is used for protecting the intelligent river flow velocity measuring device from being damaged by thunder.
3) And the solar cell panel 3 is used for absorbing solar energy in the daytime, converting the solar energy into electric energy and storing the electric energy in the storage battery 31, and supplying power to the intelligent river flow velocity measuring device.
4) Bulb 4, close night and open daytime for avoid night ship striking to destroy intelligent river course velocity of flow measuring device.
5) Reflection of light coating 5, the sunlight of daytime reflection for avoid daytime ship striking to destroy intelligent river course velocity of flow measuring device.
6) And the PLC 6 is used for automatically receiving signals, processing data and transmitting signals.
7) And the water level sensor 7 is used for sensing the change of the water level and sending out a signal in time.
8) And the graduated scale 8 is convenient for visually observing the water level of the river channel.
9) The telescopic rod 11 is connected with the traction block 10, and the motor 12 provides power to extend and contract so as to pull the traction block 10 to move up and down.
10) The sliding rod 13 and the loop bar 14 are sleeved on the periphery of the sliding rod 13 and can slide up and down along the sliding rod 13.
11) And the pressure sensing device 15 is used for measuring the distance between the uppermost flow measuring mechanism and the water surface.
12) The hemispherical position sensor 16 forms a hemispherical coordinate system which takes the direction perpendicular to the cross section of the river channel along the water flow direction as an axis Y, the direction perpendicular to the axis Y horizontally towards the left bank of the river channel as an axis X, the direction perpendicular to the plane of the axis XY as an axis Z, and the intersection point of the axes X, Y, Z is positioned at the center of the sphere of the hemispherical position sensor, and is used for providing a coordinate reference system for the force borne on the swinging ball 27.
13) And the sensing ball 17, wherein the sensing ball 17 is in contact with the hemispherical position sensor 16.
14) The rotating rod 18 and the rotating ball 23 are arranged, the rotating rod 18 can rotate around the vertical rotating shaft 19 to enable the flow measuring propeller 22 on the flow meter 21 to rotate left and right on the horizontal plane, and the rotating ball 23 can rotate around the transverse rotating shaft 20 to enable the flow measuring propeller 22 on the flow meter 21 to rotate up and down on the vertical plane.
15) The flow meter 21 is a propeller type flow meter and is used for measuring the flow rate.
16) And a force sensing device 25 for obtaining the force applied to the oscillating lever 26.
17) The oscillating ball 27 oscillates by the thrust of the water flow, and determines the direction of the water flow.
18) The base 30 is equipped with the stiffening rib 32 on the base 30, more is favorable to maintaining intelligent river course velocity of flow measuring device's stability.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
the top frame 29-1 is a transverse rectangular structure, and when arranged, the top frame 29-1 is at a certain height above the water surface. The top frame 29-1 is provided with an ultrasonic distance meter 1, a lightning rod 2, a solar cell panel 3 and a PLC 6. The ultrasonic distance measuring instrument 1 is arranged on one side of the top frame 29-1 close to the water surface, and the change of the water level of the water surface is monitored by utilizing the principle that the ultrasonic waves encounter the rebound reflection of the water surface. The lightning rod 2 and the solar cell panel 3 are arranged on the upper side face of the top frame 29-1, and the ground wire of the lightning rod 2 is connected with the river bed, so that the intelligent river flow velocity measuring device can be prevented from being damaged by lightning; the solar cell panel 3 is used for absorbing solar energy in the daytime and converting the solar energy into electric energy to be stored in the storage battery 31, and provides energy for the river flow velocity measuring device. The PLC controller 6 and the storage battery 31 are arranged inside the top frame 29-1. A row of bulbs 4 are respectively arranged on the surfaces of the left side and the right side of the rectangular top frame 29-1, the bulbs 4 are only opened at night and closed in the daytime, and the intelligent river flow velocity measuring device is prevented from being damaged by ship impact at night. The surface of top rectangular frame still scribbles reflection of light coating 5, daytime reflection sunlight for avoid daytime ship striking intelligence river course velocity of flow measuring device.
The middle frame 29-2 is a vertical rectangular structure, and when the middle frame 29-2 is arranged, the upper part of the middle frame 29-2 is connected with the top frame 29-1, and the lower part is fixedly connected with the base 30. The middle frame 29-2 is mainly provided with a traction mechanism. The surface of the middle frame 29-2 is provided with a graduated scale 8 from top to bottom for visually observing the water level of the river channel, and a water level sensor 7 is arranged at the position of the defense water level, the warning water level and the guaranteed water level of the river channel for sensing the change of the water level and timely sending out an early warning signal when the water level of the river channel reaches the water levels.
A plurality of transverse connecting frames 29-3 are arranged on one side of the middle frame 29-2 in parallel, each transverse connecting frame 29-3 is provided with a flow measuring mechanism, and the flow measuring mechanism is divided into a water flow direction sensing mechanism and a rotatable velocimeter. The water flow direction sensing mechanism consists of a hemispherical position sensor 16, a sensing ball 17, a steering ball 24, a swinging ball 27 and a swinging rod 26, and a force sensing device 25 is further arranged on the swinging rod 26. The hemispherical position sensor 16 forms a spatial hemispherical coordinate system which takes the direction perpendicular to the cross section of the river channel along the water flow direction as an axis Y, the direction of the horizontal perpendicular to the axis Y towards the left bank of the river channel as an axis X, the direction of the vertical upward direction of the plane where the vertical axis XY is located as an axis Z, and the intersection point of the axes X, Y, Z is positioned at the center of the sphere of the hemispherical position sensor, and is used for providing a coordinate reference system for the force borne on the swinging ball 27. The sensing ball 17 is in contact with the hemispherical position sensor 16. The steering ball 24 is positioned on the upper side of the bottom plate of the transverse connecting frame 29-3, a through hole is arranged on the bottom plate of the transverse connecting frame 29-3, the diameter of the through hole is slightly smaller than that of the steering ball 24, and an arc matched with the steering ball 24 is arranged on the circumference of the through hole, so that the steering ball 24 can be clamped on the bottom plate and can rotate in the through hole. The steering ball 24 enables the sensing ball 17 to swing freely within the hemispherical position sensor 16. The oscillating ball 27 is pushed by the water flow to oscillate the oscillating lever 26 for obtaining the direction of the water flow. The swing lever 26 connects the steering ball 24, the sensing ball 17 and the swing ball 27 so that the centers of the sensing ball 17, the steering ball 24 and the swing ball 27 are aligned. The rotatable velocimeter uses the rotation rod 18 to rotate around the vertical rotation shaft 19 so that the current measuring propeller 22 can rotate left and right on the horizontal plane, and the rotation ball 23 rotates around the transverse rotation shaft 20 so that the current measuring propeller 22 can rotate up and down on the vertical plane. The transverse connecting frame 29-3 is also provided with a pressure sensing device 15 and an ultrasonic distance meter 1 for measuring the underwater depth of the flow measuring mechanism and adjusting the relative distance between the flow measuring mechanism.
Traction mechanism includes steel strand wires 9, pulls piece 10, telescopic link 11, motor 12, fixed pulley 28 and loop bar 14, and steel strand wires 9 connects around fixed pulley 28 and pulls piece 10 and loop bar 14, and the pull piece 10 bottom is connected with telescopic link 11, and telescopic link 11 is stretched out and drawn back by motor 12 provides power, and telescopic link 11 is flexible to drive and pulls piece 10 up-and-down motion, and pull piece 10 up-and-down motion drives loop bar 14 through steel strand wires 9 and moves up-and-down along slide bar 13. The traction mechanism is used for adjusting the depth of the flow measuring mechanism under water, so that the flow measuring mechanism can measure the flow velocity of water in different water depths.
The reinforcing ribs 32 are arranged on the bottom base 30, so that the stability of the intelligent river flow velocity measuring device is more favorably maintained.
In order to determine the average flow velocity of the river channel section, the sections of the river channels with different widths adopt different numbers of speed measuring vertical lines, and the speed measuring vertical lines in different depths adopt different numbers of speed measuring points. The technical scheme and the design principle of the invention are further explained by taking 5 vertical speed measuring lines as an example of a river channel with the width of 5 meters, taking the water depth of one vertical speed measuring line as 3 meters and taking the average flow speed on the vertical speed measuring line measured by a three-point method as an example.
Example (b):
before installation, the design height of the rectangular middle frame 29-2 of the intelligent river flow velocity measuring device is higher than the guaranteed water level of the river channel, so that the function failure of the intelligent river flow velocity measuring device caused when the water level of the river channel reaches the guaranteed water level of the river channel is avoided. The surface of the rectangular middle frame 29-2 is provided with a graduated scale 8 from top to bottom, and the graduated scale 8 ensures that the water level is marked to the lowest water level of the river channel from the river channel. When the device is installed, the intelligent river flow velocity measuring device is kept vertical. Intelligence river course velocity of flow measuring device installs back in the river course, can directly perceivedly read out the water level of river course through scale 8, and regard it as the initial water level of river course, river course water level change can monitor through ultrasonic ranging appearance 1 that sets up on the rectangle top frame 29-1 afterwards, ultrasonic ranging appearance 1 is connected with PLC controller 6, with signal input to PLC controller 6 in, through the change difference of 6 analytic processing river courses water levels of PLC controller for initial river course water level in order to obtain new water level and with signal transmission to remote control display end, thereby carry out real-time monitoring to the river course water level.
A row of bulbs 4 are arranged on the left side and the right side of the rectangular top frame 29-1 respectively, the intelligent river flow velocity measuring device is prevented from being damaged by ships in a river channel only when the intelligent river flow velocity measuring device works at night, and the bulbs 4 are controlled by the PLC 6. The surface of the rectangular top frame 29-1 is also coated with a reflective coating 5 which reflects sunlight in the daytime and is used for preventing ships in the daytime from impacting the intelligent river flow velocity measuring device. The solar cell panel 3 arranged on the upper side face of the rectangular top frame 29-1 and the storage battery 31 arranged inside the rectangular top frame provide electric energy for the ultrasonic distance measuring instrument 1, the bulb 4, the PLC 6, the current measuring mechanism and the traction mechanism. The PLC controller 6 is arranged within the rectangular top frame 29-1, protected by the top frame 29-1.
A water level sensor 7 is arranged on the surface of the rectangular middle frame 29-2 corresponding to a graduated scale 8 for river channel defense water level, warning water level and water level guarantee, the water level sensor 7 is connected with the PLC controller 6, when the water level of the river channel rises to dangerous water level, signals are sent to the PLC controller 6 in time, and the PLC controller 6 sends early warning signals to a remote display end, so that staff can make corresponding measures in time. Three transverse connecting frames 29-3 are arranged on one side of a rectangular middle frame 29-2 of the intelligent river flow velocity measuring device in parallel, each transverse connecting frame 29-3 is provided with a flow measuring mechanism, three traction mechanisms for adjusting positions of the flow measuring mechanisms are arranged inside the middle frame 29-2, the three transverse connecting frames 29-3 are kept horizontal and vertical to the cross section of the river and face the water flow direction when being arranged, the distances of the three flow measuring mechanisms which can slide up and down are equal, and the three flow measuring mechanisms are the height of the rectangular middle frame 29-2 
The transverse connecting frame 29-3 is connected with the loop bar 14, and is connected with the middle frame 29-2 by the loop bar 14 sleeved on the periphery of the sliding bar 13. And a pressure sensing device 15 is arranged on the transverse connecting frame 29-3 at the top, and the pressure sensing device 15 is connected with the PLC 6 and used for measuring the underwater depth of the flow measuring mechanism at the top. And the transverse connecting frames 29-3 at the middle part and the bottom part are provided with ultrasonic distance measuring instruments 1, and the ultrasonic distance measuring instruments 1 are connected with the PLC 6 and used for measuring the distance between the flow measuring mechanisms adjacent to the upper part. The current measuring mechanism can automatically adjust the angle of the current measuring propeller 22 on the current meter 21 according to the water flow direction, so that the current measuring propeller 22 always faces the water flow direction, and the inaccuracy of the current measuring result caused by the angular deviation between the current measuring propeller 22 and the water flow direction can be avoided.
The flow measuring mechanism is divided into a water flow direction sensing mechanism and a rotatable velocimeter. The water flow direction sensing mechanism and the rotatable speedometer are controlled by the PLC 6. The water flow direction sensing mechanism consists of a hemispherical position sensor 16, a sensing ball 17, a steering ball 24, a swinging ball 27 and a swinging rod 26, wherein a force sensing device 25 is further arranged on the swinging rod 26, and the force sensing device 25 is connected with the PLC 6. The oscillating lever 26 connects the sensing ball 17, the steering ball 24 and the oscillating ball 27 so that the centers of the three are positioned on the same straight line. The swinging ball 27 is in the water flow, and under the action of the thrust Fv of the water flow, the swinging ball 27 is also influenced by the gravity G, the buoyancy F and the force F of the rod, and the swinging ball 27 can swing to a certain angle under the action of four forces and then reach a balanced state. The magnitude of the force F of the rod received by the swinging ball 27 is obtained by the force sensing device 25, and the direction of the force F of the rod is the direction of the rod, and the direction of the force F of the rod is determined by the values of θ and Φ on the hemispherical coordinate system formed by the hemispherical position sensor 16, which is obtained by the contact between the sensing ball 17 and the hemispherical position sensor 16 (where θ is the included angle between the force F of the swinging rod received by the swinging ball and the positive direction of the Z axis, and Φ is the angle rotated by the projection of the x axis positive direction to the xy plane from the counterclockwise direction to the F in the view of the positive direction of the Z axis), so that the vector of the through origin point expressed by the force F of the rod received by the swinging ball 27 in the ball coordinate system can be obtained as (F, θ, Φ). The gravity G of the swinging ball 27 is greater than the buoyancy F float to which the swinging ball is subjected, and the resultant force direction of the gravity G and the buoyancy F float is vertical downwards, so that the vector of the resultant force of the gravity G and the buoyancy F float passing through the origin point in the spherical coordinate system is (G-F) Float,. pi.0). By using the principle of vector synthesis, the vector (Fv, θ ', Φ') of the through-origin represented by the thrust Fv of the water flow borne by the swinging ball 27 in the spherical coordinate system can be obtained, wherein Φ ═ Φ -pi, v,
The direction of the thrust Fv of the water flow represents the direction of the water flow, and thus the direction of the water flow. The rotatable velocimeter can be rotated horizontally by means of the swivelling levers 18 about the vertical swivel axis 19 according to the resulting angles theta', phi
Angle of (a) if
Then horizontally rotate to the right bank if
Then horizontally rotates towards the left bank; the rotating ball 23 vertically rotates around the transverse rotating shaft
Angle of (a) if
Then vertically rotate downwards if
The flow measuring propeller 22 is vertically rotated upwards to adjust the flow measuring direction of the flow measuring propeller 22, so that the flow measuring propeller 22 always faces the water flow direction to ensure that the measured flow velocity is more accurate. The flow velocity V is measured by the propeller type flow velocity meter 21, so that the flow velocity V' perpendicular to the river section can be obtained and used for calculating the river flow. The sensing ball 17 should be small enough so that the values of theta and phi obtained by the contact between the sensing ball 17 and the hemispherical position sensor 16 are more consistent with the values of theta and phi of the force F of the actual rod in the spherical coordinate system, thereby reducing errors. The surface of the steering ball 24 should be sufficiently smooth to reduce steering The frictional resistance between the ball 24 and the frame 29 as it rotates makes the measurement more accurate. The oscillating lever 26 should not be too long so as to avoid that the direction of the flow velocity measured at the oscillating ball 27 does not coincide with the direction of the flow velocity measured at the flow measuring propeller 22 or that the error is too large. The velocity of flow on the same section in river course, because the influence of rivers viscous force leads to the velocity of flow that is close to the bottom riverbed less, the velocity of flow that is close to the river surface is great, consequently rivers are less when being close to the riverbed bottom to the thrust of swing ball 27, great when being close to the river surface, so the weight of the swing ball 27 on the three current surveying mechanism should be from last down to be less gradually, can make the swing ball 27 on the current surveying mechanism of the different degree of depth change enough obviously under rivers thrust effect like this, be convenient for measure.
The traction mechanism is arranged in a rectangular middle frame 29-2 and comprises a steel strand 9, a traction block 10, a telescopic rod 11, a motor 12, a fixed pulley 28 and a loop bar 14, the steel strand 9 is connected with the traction block 10 and the loop bar 14 around the fixed pulley 28, the bottom of the traction block 10 is connected with the telescopic rod 11, the telescopic rod 11 is powered by the motor 12 to stretch, the motor 12 is controlled by a PLC (programmable logic controller) 6, the telescopic rod 11 stretches to drive the traction block 10 to move up and down, and the traction block 10 moves up and down through a steel strand rope to drive the loop bar 14 to move up and down along a sliding rod 13. The average flow velocity of the vertical line of the section is measured by adopting a three-point method, and the three speed measuring points are generally arranged at water depths of 0.2 time, 0.6 time and 0.8 time from the water surface. Firstly, a traction mechanism which is controlled by a PLC (programmable logic controller) 6 and is responsible for traction of a top flow measuring mechanism adjusts the water depth of the top flow measuring mechanism according to a pressure sensing device 15 arranged on a top transverse connecting frame 29-3, and the top flow measuring mechanism is arranged at a water depth which is 0.2 times of the water surface; then the traction mechanism which is responsible for drawing the middle flow measuring mechanism adjusts the distance between the traction mechanism and the top transverse connecting frame 29-3 according to the ultrasonic distance meter 1 arranged on the middle transverse connecting frame 29-3, so that the middle flow measuring mechanism is positioned at a water depth which is 0.6 times of the water surface; and finally, the traction mechanism which is responsible for drawing the bottom flow measuring mechanism adjusts the distance between the traction mechanism and the middle transverse connecting frame 29-3 according to the ultrasonic distance meter 1 arranged on the bottom transverse connecting frame 29-3, so that the bottom flow measuring mechanism is positioned at a water depth which is 0.8 times of the water surface.
Be equipped with stiffening rib 32 on the intelligence river course velocity of flow measuring device bottom base 30, when intelligence river course velocity of flow measuring device received water impact in the river course for reduce the rotation bending moment of water impact force to intelligence river course velocity of flow measuring device, reinforcing stability.
The invention has the advantages of high stability, intelligent automation, capability of measuring the flow velocity of water flow at different depths of a river channel and more accurate measurement result.
The technical solutions described above only represent the preferred technical solutions of the present invention, and some possible modifications to some parts of the technical solutions by those skilled in the art all represent the principles of the present invention, and fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an intelligence river course velocity of flow measuring device which characterized in that includes:
a main body: the device is used for supporting and mounting the measuring device;
water flow direction sensing mechanism: for obtaining the direction of the water flow;
rotatable tachymeter: adjusting the direction according to the direction of the water flow obtained by the water flow direction induction mechanism, so that the flow measuring rotary vane (22) of the rotatable velocimeter is over against the flow velocity direction of the water flow, and measuring the flow velocity at the position;
a traction mechanism: the underwater depth of the water flow direction sensing mechanism and the rotatable velocimeter is adjusted;
PLC controller (6): and the water flow direction sensing mechanism, the rotatable velocimeter and the traction mechanism are connected.
2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that said body comprises a frame (29) and a base (30), said frame (29) comprising a top frame (29-1), a middle frame (29-2) and a transverse connecting frame (29-3); the top frame (29-1) is horizontally arranged at the top end of the middle frame (29-2), the transverse connecting frame (29-3) is horizontally arranged at one side of the middle frame (29-2), the top frame (29-1), the middle frame (29-2) and the transverse connecting frame (29-3) are rectangular structures, and the base (30) is provided with a reinforcing rib (32);
the PLC controller (6) is arranged inside the top frame (29-1), one side of the middle frame (29-2) is parallelly provided with a plurality of transverse connection frames (29-3), each transverse connection frame (29-3) is provided with a flow measuring mechanism, each flow measuring mechanism comprises a group of rotatable speedometers and a water flow direction sensing mechanism, and a traction mechanism matched with each group of rotatable speedometers and the water flow direction sensing mechanism is arranged inside the middle frame (29-2).
3. The device according to claim 2, characterized by further comprising an ultrasonic distance meter (1), a solar panel (3), a storage battery (31), a water level sensor (7) and a graduated scale (8);
The ultrasonic range finder (1) is arranged on one side, close to the water surface, of the top frame (29-1), and the solar panel (3) is arranged on the upper surface of the top frame (29-1) and used for converting solar energy into electric energy, storing the electric energy in the storage battery (31) and supplying power to the device; and a graduated scale (8) is arranged on the other side of the middle frame (29-2) from top to bottom, a water level sensor (7) is arranged at the early warning and dangerous water level of the river channel, and the graduated scale (8) ensures that the water level is marked to the lowest water level from the river channel.
4. The device according to claim 3, characterized by further comprising a lightning rod (2), a bulb (4), wherein the lightning rod (2) is arranged on the upper surface of the top frame (29-1), the surface of the top frame (29-1) is coated with a reflective coating (5), and the bulb (4) is arranged in a row on each of the left and right sides of the top frame (29-1).
5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the traction mechanism comprises a steel strand (9), a traction block (10), a telescopic rod (11), a motor (12), a fixed pulley (28) and a loop bar (14); a sliding rod (13) is arranged on the middle frame (29-1);
the sleeve rod (14) is sleeved on the periphery of the sliding rod (13) and can slide up and down along the sliding rod (13), the steel strand (9) is connected with the traction block (10) and the sleeve rod (14) around the fixed pulley (28), the bottom of the traction block (10) is connected with the telescopic rod (11), and the telescopic rod (11) is driven by the motor (12) to extend and retract, so that the sleeve rod (14) is driven to slide up and down along the sliding rod (13); the transverse connecting frame (29-3) is connected with the loop bar (14) so that the flow measuring mechanism is connected with the middle frame (29-2).
6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the water flow direction sensing mechanism comprises a hemispherical position sensor (16), a sensing ball (17), a steering ball (24), a swinging ball (27), a swinging rod (26) and a power mechanism, and a force sensing device (25) is arranged on the swinging rod (26);
the oscillating rod (26) connects the sensing ball (17), the steering ball (24) and the oscillating ball (27) so that the centers of the three balls are on the same straight line; the swinging ball (27) is positioned in water flow and is under the action of water flow thrust; the sensing ball (17) is contacted with the hemispherical position sensor (16); a steering ball (24) is located on the upper side of the floor of the transverse link frame.
7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the bottom plate of the transverse connecting frame (29-3) is provided with a through hole, the diameter of the through hole is smaller than that of the steering ball (24), and the circumference of the through hole is provided with an arc shape matched with the steering ball (24), so that the steering ball (24) is clamped on the bottom plate and can rotate in the through hole.
8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that the rotatable velocimeter comprises a rotating rod (18), a vertical rotating shaft (19), a rotating ball (23), a horizontal rotating shaft (20), a current meter (21), a current measuring propeller (22), a rotating rod driving mechanism and a rotating ball driving mechanism;
The rotating rod driving mechanism is connected with the PLC (6) and used for driving the rotating rod (18) to rotate, and the rotating rod (18) rotates around the vertical rotating shaft (19) to enable the flow measuring propeller (22) on the flow velocity meter (21) to rotate on the horizontal plane;
the rotating ball driving mechanism is connected with the PLC (6) and is used for driving the rotating ball (23) to rotate around the transverse rotating shaft (20), so that the flow measuring propeller (22) on the current meter (21) rotates up and down on the vertical plane;
the upper side of the transverse connecting frame (29-3) adjacent to the top frame (29-1) is provided with a pressure sensing device (15), and the upper side of the other transverse connecting frame (29-3) is provided with an ultrasonic distance meter (1).
9. A method of measuring river flow using the apparatus of claim 8, comprising the steps of:
step (1): the PLC (6) controls the traction mechanism to pull a group of water flow direction sensing mechanisms and a rotatable velocimeter to the depth of water depth with the flow velocity to be measured according to a pressure sensing device (15) or an ultrasonic range finder (1) arranged on a transverse connecting frame (29-3);
step (2): the swinging ball (27) on the water flow direction sensing mechanism is under the action of water flow thrust in water, the magnitude and the direction of the force of the rod on the swinging ball (27) are measured, the magnitude and the direction of the force on the swinging ball (27) are analyzed and processed through the PLC (6), and the direction of the water flow thrust, namely the direction of the water flow, is obtained through synthesis;
And (3): the PLC (6) adjusts the direction of the flow measuring propeller (22) on the flow meter (21) by rotating the rotating rod (18) and the rotating ball (23) according to the obtained water flow direction, so that the flow measuring propeller (22) is just opposite to the water flow velocity direction to measure the flow velocity.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the vector of the over-origin point represented by the thrust Fv of the water flow on the oscillating ball (27) on the water flow direction sensing mechanism in the hemispherical coordinate system formed by the hemispherical position sensor (16) is (Fv, θ ', Φ'), where Φ ═ Φ - π, Φ,
The thrust Fv direction of the water flow represents the direction of the water flow, so that the direction of the water flow is obtained, wherein theta is an included angle between the force F of the swinging rod, which is borne by the swinging ball, and the positive direction of the Z axis, and phi is an angle rotated by rotating from the positive direction of the X axis to the projection of the F on the xy plane in the counterclockwise direction when viewed from the positive direction of the Z axis;
the rotatable velocimeter (21) can horizontally rotate around the vertical rotating shaft (19) through the rotating rod (18) according to the obtained angles theta' and phi
Angle of (a) if
Then rotate to the right bank direction if
Then the rotation is towards the left bank direction;
the rotating ball (23) vertically rotates around the transverse rotating shaft 
Angle of (a) if
Then vertically rotate downwards if
The rotating shaft is vertically rotated upwards to adjust the flow measuring direction of the flow measuring propeller (22) so that the flow measuring propeller (22) always faces to the water flow direction;
the flow velocity V is measured by the flow velocity meter (21), so that the flow velocity V' of the vertical river channel section can be obtained and used for calculating the river channel flow.
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| CN114609408A (en) * | 2022-01-27 | 2022-06-10 | 浙江水利水电学院 | Multifunctional novel water flow speed measuring device |
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