CN205691106U - A kind of building inclination detection prior-warning device of intelligence - Google Patents
A kind of building inclination detection prior-warning device of intelligence Download PDFInfo
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- CN205691106U CN205691106U CN201620493793.XU CN201620493793U CN205691106U CN 205691106 U CN205691106 U CN 205691106U CN 201620493793 U CN201620493793 U CN 201620493793U CN 205691106 U CN205691106 U CN 205691106U
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- laser
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Abstract
This utility model discloses the building inclination detection prior-warning device of a kind of intelligence, including generating laser, laser pickoff, level correction laser ball, level correction laser target, motor, circuit board, GSM antenna, support, shell；The distance of device and 2, building can be recorded by Laser emission and the time difference of reception and the light velocity, then utilize the triangle cosine law and sine, the angle of building and horizontal plane can be tried to achieve.Wherein level correction laser ball emission level laser all the time, level correction laser target follows shell and rotates, and both are used for correcting shell whether level, and motor is used for accurately controlling the anglec of rotation of shell.When recording building and horizontal sextant angle close to dangerous values, send early warning signal by GSM antenna to backstage.This utility model is without applying additional device on building, and utilizes GSM network in real time data to be directly delivered to backstage, and the work for whole building trade and supervision department all can play great impetus.
Description
Technical field
This utility model relates to Architectural Equipment safety monitoring field, particularly relates to the building inclination detection of a kind of intelligence
And prior-warning device.
Background technology
Building occurs that the reason of tilt phenomenon can be divided into outside cause and artificial origin:
Outside cause includes the geological disasters such as quality disaster, meteorological disaster etc., such as earthquake, volcano, earth subsidence, earth plate
It is moved or ruptures, the original foundation structure of building can be destroyed, cause building inclination even to collapse；Artificial origin is main
The mud-rock flow that causes including random production of resources, landslide, surface collapse, Building Design is unreasonable, uses not in process of construction
Passing materials etc., these all can cause building inclination.
Building occurs tilting to cause the news of accident to have a lot in recent years, " code of building design ", " building engineering construction
Quality acceptance standard " etc. provision all has the regulation to building inclination and measuring method.After there is tilt phenomenon in building,
According to the "General Principles of the Civil Law" the 83rd article " praedial adjacent each side, it should according to favorably producing, provide amenities for the people, work in unity and help one another,
Fair and reasonable spirit, correct process intercept water, draining, current, ventilation, the neighbouring relations of the aspect such as daylighting.Cause to adjacent side
Hinder or loss, it should cease the infringing act, get rid of hinder, reimbursement of damages " and " law of property " in " construction of buildings must not be violated
The relevant engineering construction standard of country, hinders the ventilation of adjacent buildings, daylighting and sunshine " etc. regulation process problem, the most serious
Consequence is that inclined building has endangered or damaged people life property safety, and this can seriously arrive the stable development of impact society.
Phenomenon for preventing inclined building from working the mischief occurs again and again, and a lot of research and development institutions have been developed for inclined building prison
Equipment or the systems such as survey, serve certain effect to building deformation monitoring, but current inclined building monitoring device be equal
Continue to use conventional thought design, by installing sensor at building key position or using heavy mechanical measurement utensil to examine
Surveying building tilt data, the former cost is the highest, and the latter uses extremely inconvenient.
The essence of all survey tools is to make use of mathematical principle, but higher plate number can be utilized to gain knowledge ingenious solution
The design of practical problem is few.If a kind of reliable and practical detection device can be invented, will be applied to by mathematical principle cleverly
In the tilt detection of building, this all can play great impetus for the work of whole building trade and supervision department,
Stable development and the people for society are lived and worked in peace and contentment and are had long-range meaning.
Summary of the invention
In order to realize detecting building deformation situation fast and effectively, this utility model provides the building of a kind of intelligence to incline
Tiltedly detecting prior-warning device, it is safe and reliable, ingenious utilizes mathematical theorem, receives equipment in conjunction with Laser emission, and staff is permissible
Quickly the inclination conditions of building is measured, according to the analysis of the detection data of long record, the inclination to building
Situation carries out danger early warning.
In order to achieve the above object, this utility model be the technical scheme is that the building inclination inspection of a kind of intelligence
Survey prior-warning device, it is characterised in that: it includes generating laser, laser pickoff, level correction laser ball, level correction laser
Target, motor, circuit board, GSM antenna, support, shell；
Described generating laser and laser pickoff are arranged on shell, and generating laser and laser pickoff are to stepping electricity
The line at machine output shaft center is vertical with described output shaft axis；
Described level correction laser ball and level correction laser target are arranged on the bottom of shell；
Described motor is arranged on cradle top, and stepper motor output shaft is fixed connected with outer casing；
Described circuit board is arranged on the bottom surface of support, and described GSM antenna is installed on circuit boards；
Timer, MCU processor, memorizer, SIM, GSM communicating circuit is comprised in described circuit board.
Further, described generating laser and laser pickoff are arranged on the head of shell.
Further, described level correction laser ball near shell afterbody, level correction laser target near case head, two
Person is located along the same line.
Further, described level correction laser ball mounting means on shell is: be fixed with a U-shaped at outer casing bottom
Peg, the lower end of described level correction laser ball is spheroid, and upper end is a thimble structure, and described thimble structure is enclosed within U-shaped peg
On, spinning movement can be done around U-shaped peg.
Further, the ball interior of described level correction laser ball is filled with lead metal.
Further, the afterbody of described shell offers through hole, and through-hole inner surface is cut with several groove vertically, each logical
Groove is uniformly distributed around axis, and the output shaft of described motor is equipped with several rib vertically, just and in outer casing through hole
Groove be meshed.
Further, time and the laser pickoff of described timer record laser transmitter projects laser receives laser
Time, MCU processor, according to the time difference of laser transmitting-receiving, according to the transmission speed c=299792458 meter per second of laser, calculates
The distance of device distance objective thing；Described memorizer is used for storing time, range data；Described SIM is pre-installed appropriately electricity
In the plate of road, by GSM communicating circuit and GSM antenna, data and early warning signal are sent to backstage.
Further, described motor is controlled by MCU processor, and MCU processor often sends a pulse to stepping electricity
Machine, motor turns an angle；Described pulse is divided into positive and negative pulse.
A kind of detection method utilizing described device to carry out, comprises the steps:
1) device is fixed on away from detection building certain distance motionless；Taking 2 points on building, one is defined as base
On schedule, one is defined as impact point, if the distance between datum mark and impact point is c；
2) after power-on, start motor, first control shell and rotate, until level correction laser target receives water
Till the laser that flat calibration of laser ball is sent；
3) then by generating laser alignment fiducials point, generating laser and laser pickoff is utilized to launch and receive light
Time difference calculates device distance b away from detection building datum mark；
4) control shell the most again to rotate to an angle C, utilize generating laser and laser pickoff launch and receive light
Time difference calculate device away from detection building target point distance a；
5) triangle is formed between building datum mark, impact point and device, fixed according to the cosine in trigonometric function
Reason c^2=a^2+b^2-2ab*cosC, it is known that a, b, C, tries to achieve c；
6) further according to sine a/sinA=b/sinB=c/sinC in trigonometric function, it is known that length of side a, b, c, angle
C, can try to achieve included angle A and included angle B, and wherein included angle A is building datum mark to the line between impact point and building base
On schedule to the angle of the line between device, when the line between building datum mark to device is level, included angle A is builds
Build the angle of thing and horizontal plane；
7) A recorded according to different time, can judge building whether run-off the straight by the change of forward and backward time A,
When inclined degree is close to the dangerous values in construction standards, MCU processor will send early warning signal to backstage.
Further, can be according to 1)～6) flow process, in one-shot measurement, repeatedly measure A value, be designated as respectively A1,
A2 ... An, then take its meansigma methods.
This utility model provides the building inclination detection prior-warning device of a kind of intelligence, has the advantage that
(1) overcome the common thinking at building specific position installation sensor, motor and laser instrument, cost are only installed
Cheap simple to operate；
(2) shortcoming that typical measuring arrangements clumsiness error is big is avoided, light and data are accurate；
(3) ingenious combination mathematical principle and laser characteristics, and realize intelligentized control method.
So, the building inclination detection of this intelligence and prior-warning device can easily be used for the tilt detection of building,
Without applying other additional device on building, and utilize GSM network in real time data to be directly delivered to backstage, this for
The work of whole building trade and supervision department all can play great impetus, for stable development and people's peace of society
Occupying works in peace and contentment has long-range meaning.
Other feature and advantage of the present utility model will illustrate in the following description, or new by implementing this practicality
Type and understand.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing is only used for illustrating the purpose of specific embodiment, and is not considered as restriction of the present utility model, whole
In accompanying drawing, identical reference marks represents identical parts.
Fig. 1 is building inclination detection and the head visual angle installation diagram of prior-warning device of a kind of intelligence of this utility model.
Fig. 2 is building inclination detection and the caudal view installation diagram of prior-warning device of a kind of intelligence of this utility model.
Fig. 3 be a kind of intelligence of this utility model building inclination detection and prior-warning device disassemble schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is building inclination detection and the level correction Laser emission ball of prior-warning device of a kind of intelligence of this utility model
Structural representation.
Fig. 5 is building inclination detection and the knot of level correction laser target of prior-warning device of a kind of intelligence of this utility model
Structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 is building inclination detection and the circuit board inner member pass of prior-warning device of a kind of intelligence of this utility model
System's figure.
Fig. 7 is building inclination detection and the detection mathematical principle figure of prior-warning device of a kind of intelligence of this utility model.
Fig. 8 is building inclination detection and the overhaul flow chart of prior-warning device of a kind of intelligence of this utility model.
Label in figure: 1-generating laser, 2-laser pickoff, 3-level correction laser ball, 4-level correction laser target,
5-motor, 6-circuit board, 7-GSM antenna, 8-support, 9-shell.
Detailed description of the invention
Building inclination below with reference to drawings and Examples intelligence a kind of to this utility model detects and prior-warning device
It is described in further detail, but this utility model protection domain is not limited to this.
As shown in Figure 1, 2, the building inclination detection of a kind of intelligence and prior-warning device, say more specificly, mainly include
Generating laser 1, laser pickoff 2, level correction laser ball 3, level correction laser target 4, motor 5, circuit board 6, GSM
Antenna 7, support 8, shell 9.
Support 8 is L-shaped, and including vertical portion and horizontal component, motor 5 is bolted on the vertical of support 8
On face, circuit board 6 is arranged on the horizontal plane of support 8.GSM antenna 7 is arranged on circuit board 6, and being provided with on the downside of circuit board 6 can
Rechargeable battery, provides the energy for whole device；Further, protect at the additional cover body of circuit board 6.
Shell 9 is arranged on the output shaft of motor 5, and output shaft is level.Further, the afterbody at shell 9 is opened
If wear shaft through-hole, be cut with several groove vertically at through-hole inner surface, groove is uniformly distributed around axis, correspondingly exists
Several rib it is equipped with vertically, as it is shown on figure 3, just nibble mutually with the groove in shell 9 through hole on the output shaft of motor 5
Close, thus strengthen the connection between motor output shaft and shell, enable output shaft steadily to drive shell to rotate.
Generating laser 1 and laser pickoff 2 are arranged on the head of shell 9, and generating laser 1 is near upside, and laser connects
Receive device 2 near downside.Level correction laser ball 3 and level correction laser target 4 are arranged on the bottom of shell 9, wherein level correction
Laser ball 3 is near shell afterbody, and level correction laser target 4 is near case head, and both are located along the same line.
As shown in Figure 6, timer, MCU processor, memorizer, SIM, GSM communicating circuit are included in circuit board 6.Meter
Time device be used for recording laser emitter 1 and launch time of laser and laser pickoff 2 receives time of laser；MCU processor
Time difference according to Laser emission Yu reception calculates the distance of this device distance objective thing；Memorizer be used for store the time, away from
From data；SIM is pre-installed appropriately in circuit board, data and early warning signal is sent by GSM communicating circuit and GSM antenna
To backstage.Motor 5 is also controlled by MCU processor.
In this utility model, generating laser 1 and laser pickoff 2 are used to impact point normal transmission laser and reception
Laser signal, so generating laser 1 and laser pickoff 2 being arranged on shell 9, can there is equal angular with shell
Swing, during installation, need the line ensureing generating laser 1 and laser pickoff 2 to motor output shaft center and output shaft axis
Vertically.
Level correction laser ball 3 is used to be always ensured that launches a branch of horizontal laser light, so it must not be with shell 9
Rotate and rotate.In order to adjust the angle of this change at any time, further, described level correction laser ball 3 is on shell 9
Mounting means can be: as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5, is fixed with a U-shaped peg (according to material not at shell 9 by caudal bottom side
With solderable or bonding), the lower end of level correction laser ball 3 is spheroid, and upper end is a thimble structure, level correction laser ball 3
The thimble structure of upper end is enclosed within U-shaped peg, is only capable of doing spinning movement around U-shaped peg.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 5, described level correction laser target 4 is fixed together with shell 9, with the relative position of housing 9
Will not change, laser pick-off element is installed at target center, when shell 9 is in level, level correction laser ball 3 send
Laser just can be irradiated on laser pick-off element, be thus used for correcting shell whether level.
Further, the ball interior of described level correction laser ball 3 is filled with lead metal, so while action of gravity,
Level correction laser ball 3 can be in vertical suspension status all the time, and spheroid front end is provided with low power laser emitting elements, sends
Laser the most horizontal forward, will not change along with the rotation of shell 9.Level correction laser ball 3 and level correction laser target 4
Preferably installation site is in the bottom of shell 9, so can adjust the angle of level correction laser ball 3 easily, the most also
Adapt to the deadweight of spheroid.
Further, described motor 5 is controlled by MCU processor, and MCU processor often sends a positive pulse to stepping
Motor 5, motor 5 rotates forward certain angle immediately；MCU processor often sends a negative pulse to motor 5, stepping
Motor 5 rotates backward certain angle immediately；So MCU processor is by controlling positive negative pulse stuffing quantity, the rotation of shell 9 can be controlled
Gyration, and then control the Laser emission angle of shell 9 head, angle corresponding to each pulse can be led in MCU processor
Cross program setting.
Laser is the new technique grown up in the sixties, and it is that a kind of color is the purest, energy height is concentrated, direction
Property good light, by measure laser start to be transmitted into laser from the time that target reflection is returned can calculate mensuration away from
From.The transmission speed c=299792458 meter per second of laser, it is assumed that laser emission time is t1, laser is followed by through building reflection
It it is t2 between the time receiving, then distance S=c* (t2-t1)/2 of device distance objective thing.
Cleaning Principle of the present utility model is exactly to apply the trigonometric function principle in laser technology and mathematics.
For purposes of illustration only, as shown in Figure 7, it is assumed that it is motionless that device is fixed on a certain position, and device is away from building root a bit
Horizontal range b, available generating laser 1 and laser pickoff 2 are launched light and receive the time difference of light and calculate.
Taking on building top is some impact point, allows generating laser 1 catch this point all the time and launches, utilizes Laser emission
Device 1 and laser pickoff 2 are launched the time difference of light and reception light and are calculated device distance a to impact point.
During adjusting generating laser 1, shell 9 will occur the rotation of certain angle, is designated as angle C(and i.e. builds
Build thing datum mark to the line between device and device to impact point between line angle).
In the above process, in memorizer, record has above-mentioned horizontal range b, slant range a, anglec of rotation C, according to mathematics
Triangle commonly uses labeling method, forms a triangle, Qi Zhongshe between building datum mark, impact point and device:
Building datum mark is set to B to the line between impact point and impact point to the line angle between device, building
Thing datum mark to the line between impact point and building datum mark to the line angle between device be set to A(i.e. building with
Angle between horizontal plane), the distance between building datum mark and impact point is c, then have:
1) according to cosine law c^2=a^2+b^2-2ab*cosC in trigonometric function, it is known that both sides a, b and angle C thereof,
Building length c between two bundle laser can be tried to achieve；
2) according to sine a/sinA=b/sinB=c/sinC in trigonometric function, it is known that length of side a, b, c, angle C,
Can try to achieve included angle A and included angle B, wherein included angle A is the angle of building and horizontal plane.
Utilize above-mentioned principle, at this utility model in use, so that it may operate in accordance with the following steps, as depicted in figure 8:
The first step, after power-on, first starts motor 5 and carries out the level correction work of shell 9, MCU processor
Control shell 9 to rotate, until stopping when level correction laser target 4 receives the laser that level correction laser ball 3 sent；
Second step, then controls generating laser 1 and sends laser to building datum mark, receive at laser pickoff 2
After laser, MCU processor has calculated horizontal range b of device distance building immediately；
Second step, MCU processor controls shell 9 head and rotates up, and stops, controlling laser after rotating to certain angle C
Emitter 1 sends oblique laser to building target point, and after laser pickoff 2 receives laser, MCU processor calculates immediately
Go out the slant range a of device distance building target point；
3rd step, utilizes formula c^2=a^2+b^2-2ab*cosC, a/sinA=b/sinB=c/sinC, calculate building with
The included angle A of horizontal plane.
Further, in order to obtain the angle of inclination accurately of building, above-mentioned flow process is repeated several times, takes different rotary angle
The building recorded under degree and the angle of horizontal plane, be designated as A1, A2 ... An, by seeking its meansigma methods, can obtain relatively reliable
Slanted angle data A.When inclined degree is close to the dangerous values in construction standards, MCU processor will send pre-to backstage
Alert signal.
The generally inclination of building is not to occur suddenly, but needs for many years or the longer time, according to the inspection of record
Survey time and inclination angle A at that time, can set up both mathematical relationship curves, can also build in future time according to curve
The inclined degree building thing is predicted.
The above, only this utility model preferably detailed description of the invention, but protection domain of the present utility model is not
Being confined to this, any those familiar with the art, in the technical scope that this utility model discloses, can readily occur in
Change or replacement, all should contain within protection domain of the present utility model.
Claims (8)
1. an intelligent building inclination detection prior-warning device, it is characterised in that: it includes that generating laser (1), laser connect
Receive device (2), level correction laser ball (3), level correction laser target (4), motor (5), circuit board (6), GSM antenna (7),
Support (8), shell (9)；
Described generating laser (1) and laser pickoff (2) are arranged on shell (9), generating laser (1) and laser pickoff
(2) line to motor (5) output shaft center is vertical with described output shaft axis；
Described level correction laser ball (3) and level correction laser target (4) are arranged on the bottom of shell (9)；
Described motor (5) is arranged on support (8) top, and motor (5) output shaft is fixed connected with outer casing (9)；
Described circuit board (6) is arranged on the bottom surface of support (8), and described GSM antenna (7) is arranged on circuit board (6)；
Timer, MCU processor, memorizer, SIM, GSM communicating circuit is comprised in described circuit board (6).
The building inclination detection prior-warning device of intelligence the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described Laser emission
Device (1) and laser pickoff (2) are arranged on the head of shell (9).
The building inclination detection prior-warning device of intelligence the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described level correction
Laser ball (3) is near shell (9) afterbody, and level correction laser target (4) is near shell (9) head, and both are located along the same line.
4. according to the building inclination detection prior-warning device of the intelligence described in claim 1 or 3, it is characterised in that: described level
The calibration of laser ball (3) mounting means on shell (9) is: be fixed with a U-shaped peg, described level school in shell (9) bottom
The lower end of normal shock photosphere (3) is spheroid, and upper end is a thimble structure, and described thimble structure is enclosed within U-shaped peg, can be around U-shaped
Peg does spinning movement.
The building inclination detection prior-warning device of intelligence the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: described level correction
The ball interior of laser ball (3) is filled with lead metal.
The building inclination detection prior-warning device of intelligence the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described shell (9)
Afterbody offer through hole, through-hole inner surface is cut with several groove vertically, and each groove is uniformly distributed around axis, described stepping
It is equipped with several rib vertically on the output shaft of motor (5), is just meshed with the groove in shell (9) through hole.
The building inclination detection prior-warning device of intelligence the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described timer is remembered
Time and the time of laser pickoff (2) reception laser of laser is launched in record generating laser (1), and MCU processor is according to laser
The time difference of transmitting-receiving, according to the transmission speed c=299792458 meter per second of laser, calculates the distance of device distance objective thing；Institute
State memorizer for storing time, range data；Described SIM is pre-installed appropriately in circuit board, by GSM communicating circuit and
Data and early warning signal are sent to backstage by GSM antenna.
The building inclination detection prior-warning device of intelligence the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described motor
(5) being controlled by MCU processor, MCU processor often sends a pulse and rotates certain angle to motor (5), motor (5)
Degree；Described pulse is divided into positive and negative pulse.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201620493793.XU CN205691106U (en) | 2016-05-27 | 2016-05-27 | A kind of building inclination detection prior-warning device of intelligence |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201620493793.XU CN205691106U (en) | 2016-05-27 | 2016-05-27 | A kind of building inclination detection prior-warning device of intelligence |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN205691106U true CN205691106U (en) | 2016-11-16 |
Family
ID=57263145
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201620493793.XU Withdrawn - After Issue CN205691106U (en) | 2016-05-27 | 2016-05-27 | A kind of building inclination detection prior-warning device of intelligence |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN205691106U (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105865418A (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2016-08-17 | 厦门精图信息技术有限公司 | Intelligent building inclination detecting and early-warning device and detecting method |
| CN107724768A (en) * | 2017-11-03 | 2018-02-23 | 中国能源建设集团安徽电力建设第二工程有限公司 | A kind of power distribution rod angle debugging apparatus and method |
| CN108663021B (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2020-10-16 | 温州华厦建设监理有限公司 | Building wall perpendicularity detection device and detection method using same |
| TWI735775B (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2021-08-11 | 鴻海精密工業股份有限公司 | Levelness measuring device and levelness measuring method |
| CN114235863A (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2022-03-25 | 万修燕 | Horizontal supporting table for circuit board illumination detection |
| CN115183681A (en) * | 2022-07-11 | 2022-10-14 | 深圳大学 | Laser measurement method and system for structural displacement |
-
2016
- 2016-05-27 CN CN201620493793.XU patent/CN205691106U/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105865418A (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2016-08-17 | 厦门精图信息技术有限公司 | Intelligent building inclination detecting and early-warning device and detecting method |
| CN105865418B (en) * | 2016-05-27 | 2018-04-06 | 厦门精图信息技术有限公司 | A kind of intelligent building inclination detection prior-warning device and detection method |
| CN107724768A (en) * | 2017-11-03 | 2018-02-23 | 中国能源建设集团安徽电力建设第二工程有限公司 | A kind of power distribution rod angle debugging apparatus and method |
| TWI735775B (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2021-08-11 | 鴻海精密工業股份有限公司 | Levelness measuring device and levelness measuring method |
| CN108663021B (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2020-10-16 | 温州华厦建设监理有限公司 | Building wall perpendicularity detection device and detection method using same |
| CN114235863A (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2022-03-25 | 万修燕 | Horizontal supporting table for circuit board illumination detection |
| CN114235863B (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2024-06-04 | 东莞市鑫诺电子科技有限公司 | Horizontal supporting platform for circuit board illumination detection |
| CN115183681A (en) * | 2022-07-11 | 2022-10-14 | 深圳大学 | Laser measurement method and system for structural displacement |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| AV01 | Patent right actively abandoned |
Granted publication date: 20161116 Effective date of abandoning: 20180406 |
|
| AV01 | Patent right actively abandoned |