CN112113625A - River flow velocity measuring system and method - Google Patents
River flow velocity measuring system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112113625A CN112113625A CN202011089890.XA CN202011089890A CN112113625A CN 112113625 A CN112113625 A CN 112113625A CN 202011089890 A CN202011089890 A CN 202011089890A CN 112113625 A CN112113625 A CN 112113625A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/66—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
- G01F1/661—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters using light
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/66—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
- G01F1/662—Constructional details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
- G01P5/18—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring the time taken to traverse a fixed distance
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/30—Assessment of water resources
Abstract
The invention relates to a river channel flow velocity measuring system and method, comprising a truss, a screw nut structure and a computer, wherein the screw nut structure comprises a guide rail fixed below a horizontal frame, a screw rod arranged below the guide rail at intervals, and a slide block provided with a lug which is in sliding fit with the guide rail; the underwater flow velocity measurement unit comprises a flow velocity meter, a liquid level sensor, a proximity sensor, an underwater communication module and an above-water communication module; the underwater flow velocity measuring unit is arranged corresponding to the screw nut structure; the truss is fixedly provided with a second driving device and further comprises a winding drum, the winding drum is in transmission connection with the second driving device, a flexible rope is wound on the winding drum, and the flow velocity meter is fixed at one end of the flexible rope; the water surface flow velocity measuring unit comprises a camera and a buoy put on the water surface, the camera is connected with a computer signal, and the specific flow velocity condition of the river channel in the width direction and the depth direction of the river channel can be known.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of river channel flow monitoring, and particularly relates to a river channel flow velocity measuring system and method.
Background
China has wide range of members and numerous rivers, accurately knows various data of the rivers, judges the drought and flood periods of the rivers and takes corresponding preparation measures, and has important significance for the production and life of common people. The hydrologic monitoring information plays an important role in preventing and controlling flood and drought disasters and controlling water resources. The measurement of the flow velocity is one of the important works of hydrological monitoring, and the current river flow velocity measurement methods are mainly classified into the following three types.
The first type is a traditional measuring method of a current meter, the main principle is that a propeller is driven to rotate by water flow, the rotating speed of the propeller is recorded, the flow speed can be calculated through a certain mapping relation, when the method is used, when the water quality changes suddenly, the error can be increased when the sand content is increased, and in addition, the floating objects in water can influence the result and even damage the propeller.
The second type is to measure the flow velocity by the acoustic doppler effect, which is mainly used for measuring ships and is also complicated to measure.
The third type is a water flow velocity measuring method based on video processing and a buoy, wherein the water flow velocity is calculated by combining the motion track of the buoy in the video with the calibration of a camera. The video is usually shot by the unmanned aerial vehicle, but the stability of the video shot by the unmanned aerial vehicle is poor, and the influence of the environment is large, so that the accuracy of the river flow velocity measurement result is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a river channel flow velocity measurement system to solve the problem of poor river channel flow velocity measurement result in the prior art, and also provides a river channel flow velocity measurement method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the river flow velocity measuring system provided by the invention is as follows:
a river flow rate measurement system, comprising:
truss: the truss is erected above a river and comprises a horizontal frame extending along the width direction of the river and supporting upright posts vertically arranged on the left side and the right side of the horizontal frame;
screw nut structure: the screw rod nut structure comprises guide rails fixed below the horizontal frame, screw rods arranged below the guide rails at intervals and a sliding block, threaded holes matched with the screw rods are formed in the sliding block, and convex blocks matched with the guide rails in a sliding mode are arranged on the sliding block;
a computer;
a first driving device: the first driving device is fixed on the truss and is in transmission connection with the screw nut structure, and the first driving device is in control connection with the computer;
the underwater flow velocity measuring unit: the device comprises a flow meter, a liquid level sensor, a proximity sensor, an underwater communication module and an above-water communication module; the output ends of the flow meter, the liquid level sensor and the proximity sensor are respectively connected with the input end of the underwater communication module, the output end of the underwater communication module is connected with the input end of the overwater communication module, and the output end of the overwater communication module is in signal connection with a computer;
the underwater flow velocity measuring unit is arranged corresponding to the group of screw nut structures;
a second driving device: fixed on the truss;
winding a drum: the flow meter is connected with the second driving device in a transmission way, a flexible rope is wound on the winding drum, and the flow meter is fixed at one end of the flexible rope, which is far away from the winding drum;
water surface flow velocity measuring unit: the system comprises a camera and a buoy thrown on the water surface, wherein the camera is in signal connection with a computer;
the water surface flow velocity measuring unit is arranged corresponding to the group of screw nut structures, and the camera is relatively fixed on the sliding block.
Has the advantages that: the river channel flow velocity measuring system comprises the underwater flow velocity measuring unit and the water surface flow velocity measuring unit, and can measure the water surface flow velocity and the underwater flow velocity, so that the specific flow velocity conditions of a river channel in the width direction and the depth direction of the river channel can be more clearly known, and the river channel flow velocity can be more comprehensively known; in addition, the truss is erected in the width direction of the river channel, and the camera for measuring the flow velocity of the water surface is fixedly arranged relative to the truss, so that the condition that a shot picture is unstable due to the influence of weather (such as rainy days and wind blowing) on the camera is avoided, and the camera is ensured to have enough stability during shooting; moreover, the arrangement of the truss also helps the detection of the underwater flow velocity to a certain extent, and the adjustment of the underwater flow velocity measuring unit in the width direction of the river channel is also conveniently realized.
Furthermore, first drive arrangement includes the first driving motor who corresponds the setting with screw nut structure, is provided with the drive belt between first driving motor and the lead screw, and the side of drive belt is provided with the drive wheel, and first driving motor is connected with the drive wheel transmission, and the inboard of drive belt sets up the internal toothing, and the one end of lead screw is provided with synchronous transmission detection mechanism, and synchronous transmission detection mechanism includes synchronizing wheel, sets up the ring gear in the synchronizing wheel radial outside, the ring gear with the internal toothing meshing transmission of drive belt.
Has the advantages that: a transmission belt is arranged between the first driving device and the screw rod, so that the rotating speed of the output shaft of the first driving device can be reduced and then transmitted to the screw rod.
Further, synchronous transmission detection mechanism still includes the photoelectric sensor who is connected with computer control, the lateral surface equipartition of synchronizing wheel has the light trap, photoelectric sensor's axis and the axis mutually perpendicular of light trap.
Has the advantages that: can detect the number of turns of rotation of synchronizing wheel through broadcasting and TV sensor to can calculate the number of turns of rotation that obtains the lead screw through specific algorithm in the computer, conveniently learn the distance that the slider moved on the lead screw, more accurate realization camera and the position control of the velocity meter on the lead screw among the velocity of flow measuring unit under water.
The water surface flow velocity measuring device comprises a water surface flow velocity measuring unit, a lead screw nut structure, a camera, a water surface flow velocity measuring unit and a water surface flow velocity measuring unit, wherein the lead screw nut structure is provided with five groups; and the other four groups of screw nut structures are arranged corresponding to the underwater flow velocity measuring unit, a fixed pulley is arranged below the sliding block of the screw nut structure corresponding to the underwater flow velocity measuring unit, and the flexible rope winds around the fixed pulley.
Has the advantages that: firstly, four groups of screw nut structures are respectively arranged corresponding to four groups of underwater flow velocity measurement units, and the intervals of the underwater flow velocity units in the width direction of a river channel are adjusted through the screw nut structures, so that the four groups of underwater flow velocity units respectively monitor the water flow velocity of the river channel at the same depth at different positions in the width direction of the river channel, and the monitoring efficiency is high; and secondly, a fixed pulley is arranged below the sliding block of the screw nut structure corresponding to the underwater flow velocity unit, so that the flexible rope can conveniently wind around the fixed pulley to realize the reversing of the flexible rope.
The first driving device and the second driving device are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of the horizontal frame.
Has the advantages that: the driving device of the screw nut structure and the driving device of the flexible rope winding are separately arranged, so that mutual interference of power output is avoided, and the structure arrangement is convenient.
The underwater flow velocity measurement unit further comprises an installation block, the current meter is fixedly connected with the flexible rope through the installation block, the current meter is installed at the front end of the installation block, the liquid level sensor is installed at the top of the installation block, the proximity sensor is installed at the bottom of the installation block, the current meter is used for collecting underwater flow velocity data, the liquid level sensor is used for detecting whether the underwater flow velocity measurement unit completely sinks into water and determining the working state of the current meter, and the proximity sensor is used for detecting whether the underwater flow velocity measurement unit reaches the river bottom.
Has the advantages that: set up current meter, level sensor, proximity sensor respectively on the installation piece, like this, can be through the hoist and mount control to the installation piece, realize current meter, level sensor, proximity sensor's synchronous movement, make things convenient for level sensor, proximity sensor to the current meter to enter the surface of water time, be close submarine time and detect, then give the computer with relevant signal transmission, the work that makes the more accurate control current meter of computer stops.
The flexible rope is provided with scale marks.
Has the advantages that: the descending height of the current meter relative to the horizontal frame is convenient to observe.
An upper buoy flow section is arranged on the upstream of the truss, a lower buoy flow section is arranged on the downstream of the truss, an infrared laser pen is respectively arranged on the upper buoy flow section and the lower buoy flow section, and the erection angle of the infrared laser pen meets the requirement that laser beams emitted by the infrared laser pen are perpendicular to river banks on two sides.
Has the advantages that: when carrying out surface of water velocity of flow and measuring, guarantee that the buoy can begin to drift from same stream section, guarantee simultaneously that the buoy finishes drifting from same stream section, judgement buoy that can be clear in the video of camera shooting is at the sectional specific time of upper buoy stream and the sectional specific time of buoy under, it is more accurate that time duration of time buoy is long, also can be accurate measure go up the section and the lower buoy stream the distance between the section.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the river flow velocity measuring method is as follows:
a river channel flow velocity measuring method comprises a water surface flow velocity monitoring step and an underwater flow velocity detection step, wherein the water surface flow velocity detection comprises the following specific steps:
s1: adjusting the position of the camera in the extending direction of the horizontal frame to enable the camera to be positioned in the middle of the width direction of the river channel;
s2: and (4) buoy throwing: determining the number of buoys required according to the water surface width, and continuously throwing a plurality of buoys from the upper buoy flow section into the river channel at intervals at uniform distances, wherein each buoy position is required to be thrown into the lens view of the camera;
s3: the camera starts continuous shooting from the time that the buoy is ready to float on the upper buoy flow section until all buoys float to the lower buoy flow section, and then shooting is finished;
s4: printing the effective buoy picture in the computer for analysis;
s5: calculating the duration of the flow measurement according to the time displayed by the selected buoy picture; calculating the starting point distance by adopting a proportional method, a calculation method or a real-time distance measurement method;
s5: calculating the flow velocity of the water surface, and solving the flow rate of the water surface according to the duration of the flow measurement and the distance between the upper buoy flow section and the lower buoy flow section;
the method comprises the following specific steps of:
s1: the second driving device controls the mounting block provided with the current meter to vertically move into water, after the mounting block is completely immersed into the water, the liquid level sensor transmits a signal to the computer, when the mounting block touches the bottom, the proximity sensor transmits the signal to the computer, and the mounting block stops moving downwards;
s2: the computer sets the start time and the end time of underwater flow measurement, the computer sends a signal to the current meter, and the current meter starts working after receiving the start time signal set by the computer;
s3: the flow velocity meter, the liquid level sensor and the proximity sensor respectively collect underwater flow velocity data, an installation block water inlet signal and an installation block bottom contact signal and send the collected data to the underwater communication module;
s4: the underwater communication module converts the received signals into low-frequency signals, amplifies the low-frequency signals and transmits the amplified low-frequency signals to the overwater communication module, and the overwater communication module receives the low-frequency signals, analyzes the low-frequency signals and transmits the analyzed low-frequency signals to the computer;
s5: after receiving the transmitted data, the computer is used for displaying the water inlet information, the bottom contact information and the underwater flow velocity of the installation block in real time through calculation and analysis
Has the advantages that: through carrying out surface of water velocity of flow to the river course and detecting with the velocity of flow under water, can carry out more comprehensive understanding to the river course velocity of flow, moreover, when carrying out the velocity of flow under water and detecting, can detect simultaneously at several check points of river course width direction's setting, can carry out the river speed detection of the different degree of depth at same check point moreover.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a hardware structure of a river flow rate measuring system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a hardware structure of a river flow rate measuring system according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the river flow rate measurement system of FIG. 2 (without the truss frame);
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a part of the river channel flow rate measuring system in fig. 2.
Reference numerals: 1-horizontal frame; 2-upright post; 3-an auxiliary frame; 4-a guide rail; 5-a first drive motor; 6-a first drive wheel; 7-a transmission belt; 8-a synchronizing wheel; 9-a lead screw; 10-a slide block; 11-a bump; 12-a camera; 13-a fixed pulley; 14-a steel cord; 15-a reel; 16-a second drive motor; 17-a mounting block; 18-a flow meter; 19-a counterweight block; 20-a support; 21-a second transmission wheel; 22-a gear ring; 23-light hole.
Detailed Description
The following describes an embodiment of a river flow rate measurement system according to the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:
as shown in fig. 1, the river flow rate measuring system of the present invention includes a water flow rate measuring unit and an underwater flow rate measuring unit connected to a computer. The hardware structure of the water surface flow velocity measuring unit comprises a camera 12, an upper buoy flow section and a lower buoy flow section which are used as reference objects, and a buoy floating between the upper buoy flow section and the lower buoy flow section, wherein the camera 12 is in signal connection with a computer. The underwater flow velocity measurement unit comprises a flow velocity meter 18, a liquid level sensor, a proximity sensor, an underwater communication module and an overwater communication module, wherein the output ends of the flow velocity meter 18, the liquid level sensor and the proximity sensor are respectively connected with the input end of the underwater communication module, the output end of the underwater communication module is connected with the input end of the overwater communication module, and the output end of the overwater communication module is connected with a computer through signals.
Specifically, an upper buoy flow section, a middle buoy flow section and a lower buoy flow section are arranged on a river channel which is relatively uniform in width and straight in trend, and the upper buoy flow section, the middle buoy flow section and the lower buoy flow section are arranged at intervals along the trend of the river channel. And fixing piles are respectively embedded in the river banks on the two sides of the upper buoy flow section and the lower buoy flow section, infrared laser pens are arranged on the fixing piles, and the erection angle of the infrared laser pens meets the condition that laser beams emitted by the infrared laser pens are perpendicular to the river banks on the two sides. And laser beams emitted by the infrared laser pen on the upper buoy flow section form the upper buoy flow section, and laser beams emitted by the infrared laser pen on the lower buoy flow section form the lower buoy flow section.
The middle buoy flow section is arranged between the upper buoy flow section and the lower buoy flow section, and the truss is erected at the middle buoy flow section, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the truss comprises a horizontal frame 1 extending along the width direction of the river and supporting upright posts 2 vertically arranged at the left side and the right side of the horizontal frame 1, and the length of the horizontal frame 1 is set according to the width of the river so as to ensure that the supporting upright posts 2 at the two sides of the horizontal frame 1 can be fixed on the river banks at the two sides. In this embodiment, the horizontal shelf 1 is arranged parallel to the water surface at an interval, and the projection of the horizontal shelf 1 on the water surface coincides with the flow cross section of the central buoy.
The auxiliary frame 3 is fixedly arranged below the horizontal frame 1 of the truss, in the invention, the auxiliary frame 3 comprises a fixed part with the same size as the lower side surface of the horizontal frame 1 and a supporting part 20 arranged on the left side of the fixed part, the supporting part 20 comprises a vertical plate vertically connected with the fixed part and a lower end horizontal plate fixed on the vertical plate, and the horizontal plate is arranged on the left side of the vertical plate; a guard plate is vertically arranged upwards at the left end of the horizontal plate, and the upper end face of the guard plate is lower than the lower side face of the fixing part. The vertical plate, the horizontal plate and the guard plate form a U-shaped placing space when the front part and the back part are seen.
At least two sets of screw nut structures are arranged below the auxiliary frame 3, in the embodiment, five sets of screw nut structures are arranged, and the five sets of screw nut structures are arranged at intervals from front to back. Specifically, the screw nut structure includes guide rail 4, the interval of fixing on 3 lower surfaces of auxiliary frame sets up lead screw 9, the slider 10 in guide rail 4 below, set up the screw hole with lead screw thread adaptation on the slider 10, be provided with the lug 11 with the sliding adaptation of guide rail 4 on the slider 10.
A first driving device is arranged on the truss, in the embodiment, the first driving device is a first driving motor 5, each group of screw nut structures corresponds to one first driving motor 5, a transmission belt 7 is arranged between the first driving motor 5 and a screw 9, the transmission belt 7 is arranged along the front-back direction, a first transmission wheel 6 is arranged on the rear side of the transmission belt 7, a second transmission wheel 21 is arranged on the front side of the transmission belt 7, the first driving motor 5 is in transmission connection with the first transmission wheel 6, the first transmission wheel 6 drives the transmission belt 7 to rotate, inner sides, attached to the transmission wheels, of the transmission belt 7 are provided with inner engaging teeth, a synchronous transmission detection mechanism is sleeved at the left end of the screw 9 and comprises a synchronizing wheel 8 rotating synchronously with the screw 9, a gear ring 22 arranged on the radial outer side of the synchronizing wheel 8 is in meshing transmission with the inner engaging teeth of the transmission belt 7, and the first driving motor 5 is in control connection with a computer. The first driving wheel 6, the second driving wheel 21 and the driving belt 7 are all arranged in a U-shaped placing space of the auxiliary frame 3, and the horizontal plate supports the lower side face of the driving belt 7, so that when the gear ring 22 on the synchronizing wheel 8 is meshed with the inner meshing teeth of the driving belt 7, the driving belt 7 is clamped between the horizontal plate and the synchronizing wheel 8.
As shown in fig. 4, in order to ensure that the moving distance of the slider 10 on the lead screw 9 can be accurately controlled, the synchronous transmission detection mechanism further includes a photoelectric sensor connected to the computer, four light holes 23 are uniformly distributed on the side surface of the synchronizing wheel 8, the central axis of the photoelectric sensor is perpendicular to the central axis of the light holes 23, the first driving motor 5 drives the first driving wheel 6 to rotate, the first driving wheel 6 drives the driving belt 7 to rotate, the inner gear of the driving belt 7 is engaged with the gear ring 22 on the synchronizing wheel 8 to perform the meshing transmission, so that the synchronizing wheel 8 drives the lead screw 9 to perform the lead screw 9 transmission, the slider 10 is accurately positioned and adjusted on the lead screw 9 by the synchronous detection of the lead screw 9 transmission and the photoelectric sensor, in this embodiment, when the synchronizing wheel 8 rotates, the slider 10 on the lead screw 9 shields light from the light holes 23 on the synchronizing wheel 8 which rotate to twelve o' clock directions of the synchronizing wheel 8, the photoelectric sensor can collect signals and transmit the signals to the computer when light of the shading holes is shaded, the computer calculates the number of rotation turns of the lead screw according to the number of the signals and the angle between two adjacent light holes 23, and accurate positioning adjustment can be carried out on the displacement of the sliding block 10 on the lead screw 9 on the basis that the screw pitch of the lead screw 9 is known to be put into.
In this embodiment, the water surface flow velocity measuring unit is disposed on the third group of the five groups of screw nut structures from front to back, specifically, the camera 12 of the water surface flow velocity measuring unit is fixed on the slider 10 of the third group of screw nut structures and moves along with the movement of the slider 10 on the screw 9.
The other four groups of screw nut structures are all used for arranging an underwater flow velocity measurement unit, specifically, a fixed pulley 13 is arranged below a sliding block 10 of the screw nut structure corresponding to the underwater flow velocity measurement unit, and a second driving device is fixed on a truss at the right end of a screw 9, in this embodiment, the second driving device is a second driving motor 16, and four second driving motors 16 are arranged corresponding to the screw nut structures. A winding drum 15 is further arranged on the truss, an output shaft of the second driving motor 16 is conventionally connected with a rotating shaft of the winding drum 15 through a bevel gear, a flexible rope is wound on the winding drum 15 and penetrates through the fixed pulley 13, and in the embodiment, the flexible rope is a steel wire rope 14.
The one end that is keeping away from reel 15 at wire rope 14 also is fixed with installation piece 17 at the free end of wire rope 14, velocity of flow appearance 18 passes through installation piece 17 and flexible rope fixed connection, velocity of flow appearance 18 is installed at the front end of installation piece 17, level sensor installs the top at installation piece 17, proximity sensor installs the bottom at installation piece 17, velocity of flow appearance 18 is used for gathering velocity of flow data under water, level sensor is used for detecting whether velocity of flow measurement unit is totally submerged and decides the operating condition of velocity of flow appearance 18 under water, proximity sensor is used for detecting whether velocity of flow measurement unit arrives the river bottom under water. In order to observe the descending heights of the different flow velocity meters 18 conveniently, the steel wire rope 14 is provided with scale marks.
In order to facilitate the installation block 17 to sink into water smoothly, in this embodiment, a weight block 19 is fixedly disposed at the bottom of the installation block 17.
According to the invention, the first driving motor 5 and the second driving motor 16 are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of the horizontal frame 1, so that the driving device of the screw nut structure and the driving device for winding the flexible rope are separately arranged, the mutual interference of power output is avoided, and the structural arrangement is convenient.
When the river flow velocity measuring system is used for monitoring a river, the river flow velocity measuring system can be divided into water flow velocity measurement and underwater flow velocity measurement, and the water flow velocity measurement or the underwater flow velocity measurement can be carried out according to actual conditions. Wherein the water surface flow velocity measuring step comprises:
s1: fixing piles are arranged on two banks corresponding to the upper floating flow marking section on the upstream of the truss, and infrared laser pens are fixedly arranged on the fixing piles; fixing piles are arranged on two banks corresponding to the lower buoy flow section at the downstream of the truss, infrared laser pens are fixedly arranged on the fixing piles, and the position of the camera 12 in the extending direction of the horizontal frame 1 is adjusted to enable the camera 12 to be located in the middle of the width direction of the river channel;
s2: and (4) buoy throwing: determining the number of buoys required according to the water surface width, and continuously throwing a plurality of buoys from the upper buoy flow section into the river channel at intervals at uniform distances, wherein each buoy position is required to be thrown into the lens view of the camera 12;
s3: the camera 12 starts continuous shooting from the time that the buoy is ready to float on the upper buoy flow section until all buoys float to the lower buoy flow section, and then shooting is finished;
s4: printing the effective buoy picture in the computer for analysis;
s5: calculating the duration of the flow measurement according to the time displayed by the selected buoy picture; calculating the starting point distance by adopting a proportional method, a calculation method or a real-time distance measurement method;
s5: and calculating the water surface flow velocity, wherein the water surface flow is obtained according to the flow measurement duration and the distance between the upper buoy flow section and the lower buoy flow section, and the water surface flow velocity is equal to the distance between the upper buoy flow section and the lower buoy flow section divided by the buoy flow measurement duration.
The underwater flow velocity measuring step comprises:
s1: adjusting the interval of the slide blocks 10 corresponding to the underwater flow velocity measuring unit in the width direction of the river to keep the same distance;
the second driving device controls the mounting block 17 provided with the current meter 18 to vertically move into water, after the mounting block 17 is completely submerged into water, the liquid level sensor transmits a signal to the computer, when the mounting block 17 is bottomed, the proximity sensor transmits the signal to the computer, and the mounting block 17 stops moving downwards;
s2: the computer sets the start time and the end time of underwater flow measurement, the computer sends a signal to the current meter 18, and the current meter 18 starts working after receiving the start time signal set by the computer;
s3: the current meter 18, the liquid level sensor and the proximity sensor respectively collect underwater current data, water inlet signals of the mounting block 17 and bottom contact signals of the mounting block 17, and send the collected data to the underwater communication module;
s4: the underwater communication module converts the received signals into low-frequency signals, amplifies the low-frequency signals and transmits the amplified low-frequency signals to the overwater communication module, and the overwater communication module receives the low-frequency signals, analyzes the low-frequency signals and transmits the analyzed low-frequency signals to the computer;
s5: and after receiving the sent data, the computer is used for displaying the water inlet information, the bottom contact information and the underwater flow velocity of the mounting block 17 in real time through calculation and analysis.
When the current velocity of another underwater depth needs to be detected, the second driving device works again to enable the installation blocks 17 to descend for a certain depth again, the installation blocks 17 are kept at the same underwater depth according to the scales on the steel wire rope 14, and the current velocities of a plurality of points at the water depth position are measured according to the underwater current velocity measurement step; when the underwater flow velocity of other positions in the water surface width direction needs to be detected, the first driving motor 5 controls the screw rod to rotate, the sliding block 10 horizontally moves on the screw rod, the photoelectric sensor transmits signals to the computer, and the computer accurately controls the specific position of the sliding block 10 on the screw rod 9.
The river channel flow velocity measuring system comprises the underwater flow velocity measuring unit and the water surface flow velocity measuring unit, and can measure the water surface flow velocity and the underwater flow velocity, so that the specific flow velocity conditions of a river channel in the width direction and the depth direction of the river channel can be more clearly known, and the river channel flow velocity can be more comprehensively known; in addition, the truss is erected in the width direction of the river channel, and the camera 12 for measuring the flow velocity of the water surface is fixedly arranged relative to the truss, so that the condition that a shot picture is unstable due to the influence of weather (such as rainy days and wind blowing) on the camera 12 is avoided, and the camera 12 is ensured to have sufficient stability during shooting; moreover, the arrangement of the truss also helps the detection of the underwater flow velocity to a certain extent, and the adjustment of the underwater flow velocity measuring unit in the width direction of the river channel is also conveniently realized.
In the above embodiment, the first driving device includes a first driving motor disposed corresponding to the screw nut structure, a transmission belt is disposed between the first driving motor and the screw, a transmission wheel is disposed at a side end of the transmission belt, the first driving motor is in transmission connection with the transmission wheel, inner meshing teeth are disposed at an inner side of the transmission belt, a synchronous transmission detection mechanism is disposed at one end of the screw, the synchronous transmission detection mechanism includes a synchronizing wheel and a gear ring disposed at a radially outer side of the synchronizing wheel, and the gear ring is in meshing transmission with the inner meshing teeth of the transmission belt; in other embodiments, no transmission belt may be provided between the driving device and the lead screw, and in this case, the first driving motor is directly connected to the lead screw in a transmission manner.
In the above embodiment, the synchronous transmission detection mechanism further includes a photoelectric sensor in control connection with the computer, light holes are uniformly distributed on the side surface of the synchronizing wheel, and the central axis of the photoelectric sensor is perpendicular to the central axis of the light holes; in other embodiments, an encoder may be further disposed at an end of the lead screw, the lead screw rotates for one circle, the encoder generates a certain number of pulses, so as to count the pulses, and then the displacement of the slider on the lead screw is calculated according to the number of pulses and the number of turns of the lead screw during one pulse.
In the above embodiment, the lead screw nut structure is provided with five groups; in other embodiments, the screw nut structure can also be provided with three groups, four groups, six groups and the like.
In the above embodiment, the first driving device and the second driving device are respectively disposed on the left and right sides of the horizontal frame; in other embodiments, the first driving device and the second driving device may be disposed on the same side of the horizontal frame.
In the above embodiment, the flexible rope is provided with scale marks; in other embodiments, the flexible rope may not be provided with a scale mark, and the support column is provided with a scale.
In the above embodiment, the upper buoy flow cross section is arranged at the upstream of the truss, the lower buoy flow cross section is arranged at the downstream of the truss, the infrared laser pens are respectively arranged at the upper buoy flow cross section and the lower buoy flow cross section, and the erection angle of the infrared laser pens meets the condition that laser beams emitted by the infrared laser pens are perpendicular to river banks on two sides; in other embodiments, the upper and lower float flow sections may also be marked by drawing a marker line between the two banks.
Claims (9)
1. A river course velocity of flow survey system, characterized by includes:
truss: the truss is erected above a river and comprises a horizontal frame extending along the width direction of the river and supporting upright posts vertically arranged on the left side and the right side of the horizontal frame;
screw nut structure: the screw rod nut structure comprises guide rails fixed below the horizontal frame, screw rods arranged below the guide rails at intervals and a sliding block, threaded holes matched with the screw rods are formed in the sliding block, and convex blocks matched with the guide rails in a sliding mode are arranged on the sliding block;
a computer;
a first driving device: the first driving device is fixed on the truss and is in transmission connection with the screw nut structure, and the first driving device is in control connection with the computer;
the underwater flow velocity measuring unit: the device comprises a flow meter, a liquid level sensor, a proximity sensor, an underwater communication module and an above-water communication module; the output ends of the flow meter, the liquid level sensor and the proximity sensor are respectively connected with the input end of the underwater communication module, the output end of the underwater communication module is connected with the input end of the overwater communication module, and the output end of the overwater communication module is in signal connection with a computer;
the underwater flow velocity measuring unit is arranged corresponding to the group of screw nut structures;
a second driving device: fixed on the truss;
winding a drum: the flow meter is connected with the second driving device in a transmission way, a flexible rope is wound on the winding drum, and the flow meter is fixed at one end of the flexible rope, which is far away from the winding drum;
water surface flow velocity measuring unit: the system comprises a camera and a buoy thrown on the water surface, wherein the camera is in signal connection with a computer;
the water surface flow velocity measuring unit is arranged corresponding to the group of screw nut structures, and the camera is relatively fixed on the sliding block.
2. The river flow velocity measurement system according to claim 1, wherein the first driving device comprises a first driving motor disposed corresponding to a screw nut structure, a transmission belt is disposed between the first driving motor and the screw, a transmission wheel is disposed at a side end of the transmission belt, the first driving motor is in transmission connection with the transmission wheel, inner engaging teeth are disposed at an inner side of the transmission belt, a synchronous transmission detection mechanism is disposed at one end of the screw, the synchronous transmission detection mechanism comprises a synchronizing wheel and a gear ring disposed at a radially outer side of the synchronizing wheel, and the gear ring is in engagement transmission with the inner engaging teeth of the transmission belt.
3. The river channel flow velocity measuring system according to claim 2, wherein the synchronous transmission detecting mechanism further comprises a photoelectric sensor connected with the computer, light holes are uniformly distributed on the side surface of the synchronous wheel, and the central axis of the photoelectric sensor is perpendicular to the central axis of the light holes.
4. The river channel flow velocity measuring system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the screw nut structures are arranged in five groups, a first group of screw nut structures is arranged corresponding to the water surface flow velocity measuring unit, and a sliding block of the first group of screw nut structures is fixedly connected with the camera; and the other four groups of screw nut structures are arranged corresponding to the underwater flow velocity measuring unit, a fixed pulley is arranged below the sliding block of the screw nut structure corresponding to the underwater flow velocity measuring unit, and the flexible rope winds around the fixed pulley.
5. The river flow rate measurement system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first driving device and the second driving device are disposed on the left and right sides of the horizontal frame.
6. The river flow velocity measurement system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the underwater flow velocity measurement unit further comprises a mounting block, the current meter is fixedly connected with the flexible rope through the mounting block, the current meter is mounted at the front end of the mounting block, the liquid level sensor is mounted at the top of the mounting block, the proximity sensor is mounted at the bottom of the mounting block, the current meter is used for collecting underwater flow velocity data, the liquid level sensor is used for detecting whether the underwater flow velocity measurement unit is completely submerged and determining the working state of the current meter, and the proximity sensor is used for detecting whether the underwater flow velocity measurement unit reaches the bottom of the river.
7. The river flow rate measurement system according to claim 6, wherein the flexible rope is provided with scale marks.
8. The river flow velocity measuring system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein an upper buoy flow cross section is arranged at the upstream of the truss, a lower buoy flow cross section is arranged at the downstream of the truss, and an infrared laser pen is respectively arranged at the upper buoy flow cross section and the lower buoy flow cross section at an angle such that laser beams emitted by the infrared laser pen are perpendicular to river banks on two sides.
9. A river channel flow velocity measuring method is characterized by comprising a water surface flow velocity monitoring step and an underwater flow velocity detection step, wherein the water surface flow velocity detection step comprises the following specific steps:
s1: adjusting the position of the camera in the extending direction of the horizontal frame to enable the camera to be positioned in the middle of the width direction of the river channel;
s2: and (4) buoy throwing: determining the number of buoys required according to the water surface width, and continuously throwing a plurality of buoys from the upper buoy flow section into the river channel at intervals at uniform distances, wherein each buoy position is required to be thrown into the lens view of the camera;
s3: the camera starts continuous shooting from the time that the buoy is ready to float on the upper buoy flow section until all buoys float to the lower buoy flow section, and then shooting is finished;
s4: printing the effective buoy picture in the computer for analysis;
s5: calculating the duration of the flow measurement according to the time displayed by the selected buoy picture; calculating the starting point distance by adopting a proportional method, a calculation method or a real-time distance measurement method;
s5: calculating the flow velocity of the water surface, and solving the flow rate of the water surface according to the duration of the flow measurement and the distance between the upper buoy flow section and the lower buoy flow section;
the method comprises the following specific steps of:
s1: the second driving device controls the mounting block provided with the current meter to vertically move into water, after the mounting block is completely immersed into the water, the liquid level sensor transmits a signal to the computer, when the mounting block touches the bottom, the proximity sensor transmits the signal to the computer, and the mounting block stops moving downwards;
s2: the computer sets the start time and the end time of underwater flow measurement, the computer sends a signal to the current meter, and the current meter starts working after receiving the start time signal set by the computer;
s3: the flow velocity meter, the liquid level sensor and the proximity sensor respectively collect underwater flow velocity data, an installation block water inlet signal and an installation block bottom contact signal and send the collected data to the underwater communication module;
s4: the underwater communication module converts the received signals into low-frequency signals, amplifies the low-frequency signals and transmits the amplified low-frequency signals to the overwater communication module, and the overwater communication module receives the low-frequency signals, analyzes the low-frequency signals and transmits the analyzed low-frequency signals to the computer;
s5: and after receiving the sent data, the computer is used for displaying the water inlet information, the bottom contact information and the underwater flow velocity of the installation block in real time through calculation and analysis.
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| CN114113673A (en) * | 2022-01-27 | 2022-03-01 | 山东省鲁南地质工程勘察院(山东省地质矿产勘查开发局第二地质大队) | Hydrogeological survey water flow velocity monitoring device and method |
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