CN218455625U

CN218455625U - Uniform flow scouring device for slope surface

Info

Publication number: CN218455625U
Application number: CN202222261825.1U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘冬冬; 蒋娟; 杨娅
Original assignee: Guizhou University
Current assignee: Guizhou University
Priority date: 2022-08-26
Filing date: 2022-08-26
Publication date: 2023-02-07
Anticipated expiration: 2032-08-26

Abstract

The utility model relates to a slope surface flow test technical field, and disclose domatic even flow washing away device, including domatic even flow washing away ware and high accuracy camera, the bottom of domatic even flow washing away ware is provided with the chassis, and the bottom of chassis is provided with the pulley, and domatic even flow washing away ware includes the open channel, and the one end of open channel is provided with water supply system, and the interior bottom of open channel is provided with the sample and erodees the district, and the top of open channel is provided with slope adjusting device, and the other end of open channel is provided with silt collection device. The slope uniform flow scouring device can accurately control the test slope, the flow velocity and the flow quantity according to the experimental requirements, is convenient to monitor the change conditions of hydrodynamic characteristics of the slope flow before scouring, in the scouring process and after scouring, and clarifies the relation between the soil surface erosion and the uniform flow hydrodynamic characteristics.

Description

Uniform flow scouring device for slope surface

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a slope surface flow test technical field specifically is domatic even flow washing device.

Background

The slope surface flow is one of main driving forces for slope soil loss, hydrodynamic characteristics of the slope surface flow are greatly influenced by soil surface characteristics, and main control factors of slope surface erosion can be analyzed by adjusting the flow speed, the gradient and the like of the slope surface flow, so that the relation between the slope surface flow and a soil erosion hydrodynamic mechanism is defined. At present, the common soil water erosion simulation test method is mainly characterized in that a slope surface with uniform soil surface conditions (vegetation and soil texture) and relatively consistent gradient is selected in the field as a test point, a rainfall simulation device is arranged above the test point, a test area is flushed by thin-layer water flow generated on the soil surface in the rainfall simulation process, the test area is easily influenced by complex underlying surface conditions (such as physical skinning, surface cracks, vegetation coverage and the like) in the field flushing process, the effect of simulated rainfall and slope surface flow flushing on the soil surface is difficult to distinguish, and the relation between the surface gradient and runoff water power characteristics is difficult to determine.

The problems that easily occur in the conventional test process are: 1. difficulty in controlling the slope: under natural conditions, it is difficult to find several sample plots with the same gradient and slope direction and similar coverage conditions, so that certain gradient errors exist under the secondary test, and the test data is inaccurate. 2. Controlling the slope flow velocity and flow: in the process of carrying out the experiment in the field, it is difficult to grasp the quantitative relation between the flow and the flow velocity, and it is difficult to meet the requirement of the experimental design. 3. Lack of hydraulic signature monitoring: due to the difficulty in carrying out hydrodynamic feature monitoring in the field, the relationship between soil erosion and slope hydraulic characteristics is difficult to reveal due to the lack of hydrodynamic feature monitoring. 4. The field development test is easily influenced by weather, the water content of surface soil is changed under different weather conditions, so that the initial condition of an underlying surface is changed, and the quantitative relation between the hydrodynamic characteristics of a slope surface and soil erosion is difficult to realize under the constraint of the existing test instrument under the field condition; 5. in a traditional field test, the simulated rainfall is used for generating a slope surface flow to scour the soil surface, and the influence of the slope surface flow and the simulated rainfall on the soil surface erosion is difficult to distinguish; 6. the past test has great uncertain factors for the flow state of the slope surface flow, and the single slope surface uniform flow is difficult to obtain.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

An object of the utility model is to provide a domatic even flow flushing device to solve the problem of proposing among the above-mentioned background art.

In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model provides a following technical scheme: the slope uniform flow scouring device comprises a slope uniform flow scouring device and a high-precision camera, wherein the bottom of the slope uniform flow scouring device is provided with a bottom frame, and the bottom of the bottom frame is provided with a pulley;

the slope uniform flow scouring device comprises an open channel, a water supply system is arranged at one end of the open channel, a sample scouring area is arranged at the inner bottom of the open channel, a slope adjusting device is arranged at the top of the open channel, and a silt collecting device is arranged at the other end of the open channel;

the below of silt collection device is provided with the collecting vessel, the high accuracy camera sets up in one side of silt collection device and is relative with silt collection device.

Preferably, the inside of water supply system is provided with the division board, the division board is separated water supply system for intake district and overflow district, intake district bottom is provided with the water inlet.

The small pore channels with the same size are uniformly distributed on the partition plate, when water flow enters the water inlet area, the water flow passes through the small pore channels on the partition plate to enter the overflow area, so that the kinetic energy of the water body can be reduced, the water flow is changed into slow flow from turbulent flow, and slowly and uniformly flows into the open channel, the surface of the open channel is smooth, and the water flow can freely move downwards in the open channel in a mode of uniformly flowing thin-layer water flow.

Preferably, slope adjusting device includes telescopic link and steering wheel, fixed connection between slope adjusting device and the chassis, the steering wheel sets up on the lateral wall of telescopic link, connects the telescopic link part of steering wheel comprises a cylindric metal pole, the design has the screw thread on the cylindric metal pole, the another side of telescopic link comprises a hollow pole.

When the steering wheel on the slope adjusting device is rotated, the telescopic rod can be controlled to stretch and retract, so that the slope of the open channel is changed, and the adjusting range of the slope is 5-60 degrees.

Preferably, the sample scouring area divides the interior of the open channel into three areas, namely an upper part, a sample scouring area and a lower part, and graduated scales are arranged on the inner side walls of the open channel on the left side and the right side of each area.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses the beneficial effect who reaches is:

1. the adjustable slope range is wide: the gradient is 5-60 degrees, and the fixed gradient can be obtained according to different test requirements;

2. control of the underlying surface conditions in the test area: the soil surface under the field condition has great heterogeneity (such as vegetation cover, soil surface broken stones, cracks and the like), and a plurality of sample plots with the same soil surface condition are difficult to obtain, so that a certain error exists in the test; in the test, soil samples with similar surface conditions are collected back to a laboratory for scouring by using a cutting ring method, and the heterogeneity of the soil surface is greatly reduced by the smaller cutting ring surface, so that the test error is reduced;

3. the influence of the initial soil conditions on the slope flow scouring is not clear under the field conditions (such as initial soil water content), the drying method can be used for determining the initial soil water content of each soil sample in the test, the slope flow power scouring condition under the conditions of different soil water contents can be determined by artificially changing the soil water content (such as saturated water content and unsaturated water content), and the understanding of the slope flow scouring is comprehensively improved;

4. the influence on the dynamic characteristics of the slope surface flowing water is difficult to quantify under the field condition, and the test device can accurately observe the change condition of the uniform flowing water dynamic characteristics of the slope surface before, during and after the scouring of the broken surface flow, so that the dynamic process of the slope surface hydraulic erosion is revealed;

5. the surface of the open channel of the test device is smooth enough, so that slope surface flow is not obstructed by the outside in the flowing process, slope uniform flow meeting the test requirement is obtained, the flow of the slope uniform flow can be changed by changing the water supply power of the peristaltic pump, the test is carried out in a combined mode of obtaining different slopes and flows, and the variable combination condition in the test is greatly improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the main view plane structure of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the whole front view and the top view of the water supply device, the open channel and the silt collecting device of the present invention;

fig. 4 is the schematic structural diagram of the gradient adjusting device of the present invention.

Wherein: 1. a uniform flow scourer for the slope; 2. a high-precision camera; 3. a water supply system; 4. an open channel; 5. a sample washout zone; 6. a grade adjustment device; 7. a silt collecting device; 8. a separator plate; 9. a water inlet area; 10. an overflow area; 11. a graduated scale; 12. a collection barrel; 13. a chassis; 14. a pulley; 15. a telescopic rod; 16. a steering wheel; 17. a water inlet; 18. a cylindrical metal rod; 19. a hollow rod.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative efforts all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Example one

This embodiment is a specific implementation of a slope uniform flow flushing device.

The slope uniform flow scouring device comprises a slope uniform flow scouring device 1 and a high-precision camera 2, wherein the bottom of the slope uniform flow scouring device 1 is provided with a bottom frame 13, and the bottom of the bottom frame 13 is provided with a pulley 14;

the slope uniform flow scourer 1 comprises an open channel 4, one end of the open channel 4 is provided with a water supply system 3, the inner bottom of the open channel 4 is provided with a sample scouring area 5, the top of the open channel 4 is provided with a slope adjusting device 6, and the other end of the open channel 4 is provided with a sediment collecting device 7;

the below of silt collection device 7 is provided with collecting vessel 12, and high accuracy camera 2 sets up in one side of silt collection device 7 relatively with silt collection device 7.

Through above-mentioned technical scheme, after rivers wash away the sample surface, will carry silt to wash away 7 parts of silt collection device together, this part height is unanimous with open channel 4 surface height, be the shape of falling the trapezium and gather together the exit of open channel 4 gradually, be convenient for collect silt and water, final rivers are collected completely by a collecting vessel 12 of delivery port below, utilize the dyeing spike agent to survey the velocity of water flow, after the current state is steady, pour dyeing spike pigment into rivers in, make spike agent and rivers together flow, and utilize high accuracy camera 2 to shoot the flow process of spike agent, so that calculate the surperficial maximum velocity of flow of rivers.

Specifically, the inside of water supply system 3 is provided with division board 8, and division board 8 separates water supply system 3 for intake district 9 and overflow district 10, and intake district 9 bottoms is provided with water inlet 17.

Through the technical scheme, the small hole channels with the same size are uniformly distributed on the partition plate 8, when water flow enters the water inlet area 9, the water flow passes through the small hole channels on the partition plate 8 to enter the overflow area 10, so that the kinetic energy of the water body can be reduced, the water flow is changed from turbulent flow to slow flow, the water flow slowly and uniformly flows into the open channel 4, the surface of the open channel 4 is smooth, the water flow can freely move downwards in the open channel 4 in a uniform flow thin layer water flow mode, and a water inlet 17 which can be directly communicated with a water source is formed in the bottom of the water inlet area 9.

Specifically, slope adjusting device 6 includes telescopic link 15 and steering wheel 16, fixed connection between slope adjusting device 6 and the chassis 13, and steering wheel 16 sets up on the lateral wall of telescopic link 15, and the flexible pole portion of connecting steering wheel 16 comprises a cylindric metal pole 18, and the design has the screw thread on the cylindric metal pole 18, and the another side of telescopic link 15 comprises a hollow pole 19.

Through above-mentioned technical scheme, the inside screw thread shape of hollow rod 19 is unanimous with cylindric metal pole 18, and cylindric metal pole 18 accessible rotatory direction gets into or stretches out hollow rod 19, with the extension or the shortening of realization telescopic link, thereby drive the rotation of open channel, with the slope that changes domatic even flow flusher 1, after the rivers state is steady, pour dyeing tracer pigment into rivers, make tracer and rivers flow together, and utilize high definition camera 2 to shoot the flow process of tracer, so that calculate the surperficial maximum velocity of flow of rivers.

Specifically, the sample scouring area 5 divides the interior of the open channel 4 into three areas, namely an upper area, the sample scouring area 5 and a lower area, and graduated scales 11 are arranged on the inner side walls of the open channel 4 on the left side and the right side of each area.

Through the technical scheme, the graduated scale 11 is convenient for reading the water depth of the uniform flow in the open channel 4.

Example two

This embodiment is a specific implementation of the steps of the method for performing the uniform flow scouring test on the slope by using the uniform flow scouring device for the slope.

The method for carrying out the slope uniform flow scouring test by the slope uniform flow scouring device comprises the following steps:

s1, before testing, soil samples with different specifications and sizes are collected in the field by using a cutting ring according to test requirements, the initial soil moisture content of the samples is measured by adopting a drying method, the soil samples are placed in a sample washing area 5, the surface height of the samples is kept consistent with the surface height of an open channel 4, and the soil samples are covered by a cover;

s2, according to test requirements, firstly, the gradient of the open channel 4 is adjusted to the required requirements by using the gradient adjusting device 6, then, a peristaltic pump is used for pumping water to provide a water source for the test device, the power of the peristaltic pump is adjusted to calibrate the flow of the drained water, when the water flow in the open channel 4 reaches a stable flowing state, a cover above a soil sample is uncovered and the test is started, slope runoff is used for scouring the surface of the soil sample in the test process to gradually erode soil particles, and then, eroded silt is collected by the collecting barrel 12 below;

s3, recording the total scouring time in the scouring process, and obtaining the water depth of the uniform flow before, during and after scouring by reading the graduated scale 11 above the open channel 4;

and S4, after the test is finished, immediately removing the collecting barrel 12, and finally measuring the soil erosion amount of each slope surface scouring by using a drying method.

EXAMPLE III

The embodiment is a specific implementation mode of a method for measuring a hydraulic characteristic parameter by using a slope uniform flow flushing device.

Method for measuring hydraulic characteristic parameters by slope uniform flow scouring device

In the process of flushing a sample by water flow, potassium permanganate dye is poured above the open channel 4, in the sample flushing area 5 and below the open channel 4 in sequence, the process that the dye flows along with the water flow is recorded by using the high-precision camera 2, then the time and the flow path required in the dye flowing process are read by using video software, so that the surface maximum flow velocity before, during and after the open channel 4 is flushed is obtained, and finally the surface maximum flow velocity is corrected by using the correction coefficient alpha value.

According to the research of Horton and the like, the alpha values under different flow states are obtained: laminar flow is 0.67, transitional flow is 0.70, and turbulent flow is 0.80. The method for determining the correction coefficient alpha value adopted in the test comprises the following steps: firstly, assuming that the water flow is in a certain flow state, calculating a Reynolds number through a Reynolds formula, judging the flow state of the water flow, then checking whether the assumption is true, finally judging the flow state of the water flow in each test, selecting an alpha value according to different flow state requirements, correcting the maximum flow speed of the surface, obtaining the average flow speed of the cross section in the water flow process, and finally calculating other hydraulic characteristic parameters by using the flow meter.

Example four

This embodiment is the relevant use data of this slope uniform flow flushing device's use example

In the research, the test device is used for scouring a bare soil cutting ring soil sample with the diameter of 10cm at the flow rate of 1.05L/s above the soil, two slopes (5 degrees and 20 degrees) and two initial soil water content conditions are designed, the flow state of water flow measured in the test process is changed from uniform flow to turbulent flow, and the soil erosion amount obtained in the test is as follows:

the hydraulic characteristic parameter data obtained when scouring the soil surface under each condition are as follows:

wherein: v is the average flow rate per section/(ms) ^-1 ) (ii) a h is water depth/(mm); re is Reynolds number; fr is Froude number; τ is shear stress/(Pa); omega is runoff power/(kg s) ^-3 ) (ii) a f is the Darcy-drag coefficient.

It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. Domatic even flow flushing device, including domatic even flow flusher (1) and high accuracy camera (2), its characterized in that: the bottom of the slope uniform flow flusher (1) is provided with an underframe (13), and the bottom of the underframe (13) is provided with a pulley (14);

the slope uniform flow scourer (1) comprises an open channel (4), one end of the open channel (4) is provided with a water supply system (3), the inner bottom of the open channel (4) is provided with a sample scouring area (5), the top of the open channel (4) is provided with a slope adjusting device (6), and the other end of the open channel (4) is provided with a sediment collecting device (7);

the below of silt collection device (7) is provided with collecting vessel (12), high accuracy camera (2) set up in one side of silt collection device (7) relative with silt collection device (7).

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the inside of water supply system (3) is provided with division board (8), division board (8) are separated water supply system (3) and are intake district (9) and overflow district (10), it is provided with water inlet (17) to intake district (9) bottom.

3. The slope uniform flow flushing device of claim 1, characterized in that: slope adjusting device (6) include telescopic link (15) and steering wheel (16), fixed connection between slope adjusting device (6) and chassis (13), steering wheel (16) set up on the lateral wall of telescopic link (15), connect the telescopic link part of steering wheel (16) comprises a cylindric metal pole (18), the design has the screw thread on cylindric metal pole (18), the another side of telescopic link (15) comprises a hollow rod (19).

4. The slope uniform flow flushing device of claim 1, characterized in that: sample erodees district (5) and is three region with open channel (4) internal separation, is upper portion, sample erodees district (5), lower part respectively, all is provided with scale (11) on the inside wall of open channel (4) on both sides about every region.