CN204694592U - A kind of measurement repellency soil contact angle test unit - Google Patents
A kind of measurement repellency soil contact angle test unit Download PDFInfo
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- CN204694592U CN204694592U CN201520419445.3U CN201520419445U CN204694592U CN 204694592 U CN204694592 U CN 204694592U CN 201520419445 U CN201520419445 U CN 201520419445U CN 204694592 U CN204694592 U CN 204694592U
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- water
- test unit
- earth pillar
- soil
- repellency
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a kind of measurement repellency soil contact angle test unit, comprise the water level circulating water chennels such as the temperature control be positioned on base, for providing the wetting liquid of temperature constant for pedotheque; Bracing frame, its lower end is connected to the water level circulating water chennels such as temperature control, and upper end is connected to fixed support; Fixed support is the spaced doubling plate of tool, and lower plywood is provided with the hole passed for earth pillar, and top plate is connected with weighing device, the lower end carry earth pillar of weighing device; Earth pillar, for accommodating pedotheque.Test unit disclosed in the utility model can observe the Changing Pattern of capillary water distribution situation in repellency soil and wetting front, and can the direct acquisition repellency soil contact angle of simple and fast, the clear and intuitive grade presenting soil water repellency.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of test unit, particularly relates to the test unit for measuring repellency soil contact angle.
Background technology
The repellency of soil refer to moisture can not or the physical phenomenon on very difficult humid soil soil particle surface, because moisture can not infiltrate soil automatically, rest on soil table with drops.The soil with repellency is called scolds water and soil, otherwise is hydrophilic soil.Soil non-fully is wettable or not wettable, but all there is repellency to a certain degree.Soil water repellency can cause its permeability and hydraulic conductivity to be less than hydrophilic soil, when irrigation or rainfall, moisture is easily scolding water and soil surface to form ponding, moisture preferentially enters to infilter the erosion that hydrophilic soil can accelerate soil, moisture can be caused time serious to flow to sewer, river, ocean etc. faster and cause soil erosion, simultaneously the loss of adjoint soil nutrient and agricultural chemicals.The appearance of above-mentioned situation can reduce germination percentage, the farmland output of seed, and increase the pollution level of underground water, waste water resource, brings great negative effect to environment.
The prerequisite solved the problem understands and determine the rank of soil water repellency.In order to the repellency of accurate evaluation soil, this area proposes the concept of contact angle.Certain volume liquid drips to scolds water and soil surface can form a balance drop, its shape determined by any two alternate angles of solid, liquid, gas three-phase intersection, being defined in three-phase intersection from solid-liquid interface is equilibrium contact angle through drop internal to the angle of liquid-gas interface, the less wettability of contact angle is better, represents with θ.During θ=0 °, soil is wettability soil; There is certain repellency during 0 ° of < θ <90 °, now soil is subcritical property repellency; Nonwetting during θ >90 °, θ is larger, and wettability is poorer, and now soil shows as repellency.
Because the particle of soil is very little, rough, direct-detection and determine that contact angle exists certain difficulty, therefore this area adopts Water Drop Penetration Time (water drop penetration time at present, WDPT), alcoholic solution infiltrates method (Molarity of Ethanol Droplet, MED), the indirectly testing contact angle such as sessile drop method (SessileDrop Method), determine the grade obtaining soil water repellency.These methods or complex operation or physical significance indefinite, and poor intuition, for research soil water repellency and its harm of control bring difficulty.
Utility model content
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the utility model discloses a kind of measurement repellency soil contact angle test unit, the size calculating contact angle can be directly used in, the clear and intuitive grade presenting soil water repellency, for research repellency soil and its harm of control provide effective technological guidance.
Specifically, the utility model is achieved by the following technical solution:
A kind of measurement repellency soil contact angle test unit, comprises the water level circulating water chennels such as the temperature control be positioned on base, for providing the wetting liquid of temperature constant for pedotheque; Bracing frame, its lower end is connected to base, and upper end is connected to fixed support; Fixed support is the spaced doubling plate of tool, and lower plywood is provided with the hole passed for earth pillar, and top plate is connected with weighing device, the lower end carry earth pillar of weighing device; Earth pillar, for accommodating pedotheque.
Pass through said apparatus, adjusting support bracket fastened position makes earth pillar just enter the water level circulating water chennels such as temperature control, in record capillary water uphill process, the mass change of earth pillar and the time of correspondence, can ask for the contact angle of liquid to the repellency pedotheque in earth pillar according to liquid quality in filling soil in moistening process to the change of time.
In order to extensively be adapted to various soil, the support bracket fastened position of flexible in large scale, support frame as described above is retractable support frame, and one end of bracing frame is helicitic texture, and the other end is bolt structure.
By helicitic texture, bracing frame is fixedly mounted on base, and supports fixed support directly over the water level circulating water chennels such as temperature control by bolt structure; By the height of telescopic adjustment fixed support above tank.
In order to ensure the serviceable life of bracing frame necessity, usual bracing frame is made up of hard metal or metal alloy, preferably adopts stainless steel material to make.
Organize test to carry out as far as possible simultaneously more, reduce the area loss on fixed support surface, described fixed support is circular, is evenly distributed with multiple hole, is bolted with bracing frame.
In order to improve the accuracy of test, save the test duration, the earth pillar of same property (point, unit weight etc.) methyl alcohol and distilled water mixed solution (or adopting distilled water separately) and another kind of be test twice in the liquid of zero to ground moistening contact angle, the water level circulating water chennels such as described temperature control are column type tank, be divided into two perform regions by the baffler on base, two perform regions hold the mixed solution (or distilled water) of methyl alcohol and distilled water respectively and another is the liquid of zero to ground moistening contact angle.In the case, the corresponding semicircular fixed support in each perform region.
In test unit of the present utility model, in order to prevent the pedotheque landing in earth pillar, its lower end is closed by by glass wool.
In order to prevent glass wool on the impact of test findings, above-mentioned glass wool used is invaded by wetting fluid in advance and is steeped and boiled.
Although can be measured the lifting height of capillary water pedotheque in earth pillar by gage etc., for the ease of reading, preferred earth pillar is that graduated pipe is carved on surface.
In the utility model, in order to prevent influence of temperature change surface tension and contact angle, by water level circulating water chennels such as temperature controls for test unit provides the water of temperature constant, any structure of thermostatted water that provides known in the art all can be used for the utility model, includes but not limited to as follows:
1, the water level circulating water chennel such as temperature control comprises the water chamber and spill cavity that are divided into by overflow plate, and water chamber is connected to supply tank by aqueduct, and aqueduct is immersed in water-filled heating cabinet; Arrange osculum bottom spill cavity, osculum is connected to supply tank by outlet conduit; Pipeline between heating cabinet and supply tank is provided with peristaltic pump and drives water circulation.
2, the water level circulating water chennel such as temperature control comprises the water chamber and spill cavity that are divided into by overflow plate, and water chamber is connected to supply tank by aqueduct; Arrange osculum bottom spill cavity, osculum is connected to supply tank by outlet conduit; Water chamber underfill heating plate, heating plate connects temperature control device; Aqueduct is provided with peristaltic pump and drives water circulation.
Above-mentioned two kinds of disclosed structures, all drive the flowing of water by peristaltic pump, and the water temperature passed through in adopted firing equipment assure feed water chamber are constant.
In order to better control and understand water temperature, be also provided with temperature sensor in water chamber, described temperature sensor is connected to computer data acquisition system.
By above-mentioned improvement, device of the present utility model can observe the Changing Pattern of capillary water distribution situation in repellency soil and wetting front on the one hand, fast, accurately, directly can obtain the contact angle of pedotheque to be measured on the other hand under the shortest running time and number of operations.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of test unit of the present utility model.
In the accompanying drawings, each numerology is as follows: 1-base, 11-baffler, 21-water chamber, 22-spill cavity, 31-heating cabinet, 32-peristaltic pump, 33-supply tank, 4-bracing frame, 51-fixed support top plate, 52-fixed support lower plywood, 6-spring balance, 7-earth pillar, 71-pedotheque, 72-glass wool.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and concrete test unit example, implementation of the present utility model and principle thereof are further explained.In following enforcement, the size, material, shape etc. of applicant to the utility model test unit have carried out detailed explanation, and this is only schematic, does not form to be particularly limited to, and the accompanying drawing provided is also non-to be drawn in proportion.Those skilled in the art, understanding and grasping on the basis of connotation of the present invention, still belong to protection domain of the present utility model to its improvement carried out.
With reference to accompanying drawing 1, test unit disclosed in the utility model, form primarily of following several parts:
Be positioned at the water level circulating water chennels such as the temperature control on base 1, be a high 160mm, diameter 700mm column type tank, be divided into two perform regions (in order to illustrated convenience, only side being identified in figure) by thick 80mm, high 280mm baffler 11.Each perform region is divided into water chamber 21 and spill cavity 22 by the overflow plate of thick 10mm height 200mm.Wherein the perform region in left side can be used for utilizing the reference fluid of complete wetting to calculate dependent constant, and right side is for calculating the contact angle of water to pedotheque.
In order to regulate the convenience of temperature, ensure temperature constant, the heating plate of the thick 6mm of water chamber underfill, heating plate connects temperature control device, to ensure that water temperature is in temperature constant state., be connected with peristaltic pump, by unnecessary water.
Bottom spill cavity 22, osculum is set, by peristaltic pump 32 by unnecessary water circulation to supply tank 33, wherein the specification of supply tank 33 is 200mm × 200mm × 200mm, is made by the PVC material of thick 10mm.Supplied water to test unit by the peristaltic pump of constant flow.
Heating cabinet 31 size is 50mm × 50mm × 200mm, is made, place temperature control heating rod, be full of water in heating cabinet bottom heating cabinet by the PVC material of thick 10mm.The water pipe of peristaltic pump is positioned in heating cabinet, by the water in the hot water heating peristaltic pump in water tank.
Base is fixed with retractable support frame 4, and it is diameter 60mm, the stainless steel telescope support of high 600mm, and one head has long 50mm helicitic texture, and there is long 50mm bolt structure other end.
Be fixed with fixed support at the top of bracing frame 4, this fixed support is made up of two thick 20mm diameter 460mm semicircles, and this fixed support is top plate 51 and lower plywood 52 respectively, each semi-circular plate is evenly distributed with the hole of 16 diameter 30mm.
Be provided with spring balance 6 as weighing device at two-ply support, the upper end of spring balance hangs over support bracket fastened top plate, the hook earth pillar 7 of tinsel suspension through circular hole of lower end.
Earth pillar 7 is the PVC plastic pipe that graduated diameter 30mm wall thickness 3mm is carved on surface, and test pedotheque 71 is filled in its upper end, and lower end glass wool 72 is closed.
Above-mentioned test unit, before earth pillar is placed in water chamber, soil is virgin state, and after earth pillar enters tank liquid level, water rises bottom earth pillar, finally reaches stable lifting height, and this highly i.e. capillary water height h.
The use step of said apparatus is:
Accurately take after a certain amount of soil loads earth pillar and constantly vibrate, until soil packed height no longer reduces, lower end glass wool (invade by wetting fluid and steep and boiled) is sealed.
One, the water pipe of peristaltic pump is positioned in supply tank 33, and other end is positioned in water chamber 21; Osculum bottom spill cavity 22 and supply tank 33 is connected with drainpipe; Be that the water pipe that water chamber 21 is poured water is positioned in the water of heating cabinet with peristaltic pump after pouring water.Add solution for supply tank in good time in process of the test.
After water is filled, open firing equipment until heating cabinet 31 and water chamber 21 reach target temperature (making water temperature constant with the heating plate bottom water chamber).
Fixed support is adjusted to earth pillar and go deep into water chamber 2mm place, fixing earth pillar.
Record start time t
0, record the mass change m of earth pillar in capillary water uphill process simultaneously
1, m
2, m
3, m
4, m
5with the time t of correspondence
1, t
2, t
3, t
4, t
5.
Ask for the contact angle of liquid to repellency soil according to the change of liquid quality to the time in filling soil in moistening process, this process can with the indirect method of dynamic osmotic method---gravimetric method describes:
m＝ρC′πR
2h (2)
In above formula, assuming that earth pillar is made up of many capillary mats and liquid wet processes is laminar flow, obtain formula (1) according to Washburn law, wherein, h is moistening height, cm; C is constant, 1; R is the equivalent kapillary effective radius that soil is shown in space, cm, is definite value concerning C, r the system of specifying.γ is surface tension of liquid, mN/m; η is liquid viscosity, mPa × s; T is MEBO ribbon gauze, s.
Formula (2) is the relation of liquid quality and moistening height in soil in theory, and ρ is wetting fluid density, g/cm
3; The conversion coefficient that C ' is kapillary floorage and glass tube floorage; R is earth pillar radius, cm.
The ropy square of slope to the linear relation of time t that formula (3) produces for the moistening earth pillar of wetting fluid, when adopting reference fluid, completely moistening to soil due to reference fluid, its contact angle is 0 °, utilizes the slope k of reference fluid can in the hope of C, r.
Formula (4) is the value of Water repellent soil contact angle to be tested, because the viscosity of the mixed solution (or distilled water) of first alcohol and water, surface tension can record (or known), tries to achieve contact angle result by this formula.
In aforesaid operations, reference fluid used completely moistening to soil, specifically can select according to actual needs, and this conventional class I liquid I is normal hexane.
In order to accurately detect water temperature, can also temperature sensor be put in water chamber, by the water temperature information in computer data acquisition system Real-time Collection water chamber.
Compared with traditional Indirect Calculation Method, the utility model can the contact angle of clear, visual test repellency soil, observes the Changing Pattern of capillary water distribution situation in repellency soil and wetting front.By adjustment height of instrument, the contact angle of various quality repellency soil can be measured.
Test unit of the present utility model, is improved by structure and improves testing efficiency, make test number reach optimum state, once can test the capillary water height of 26 different earth pillars, therefore saved the time, improve work efficiency under equal volume.
Claims (9)
1. measure a repellency soil contact angle test unit, it is characterized in that comprising the water level circulating water chennels such as the temperature control be positioned on base, for providing the wetting liquid of temperature constant for pedotheque; Bracing frame, its lower end is connected in base, and upper end is connected to fixed support; Fixed support is the spaced doubling plate of tool, and lower plywood is provided with the hole passed for earth pillar, and top plate is connected with weighing device, the lower end carry earth pillar of weighing device; Earth pillar, for accommodating pedotheque.
2. test unit according to claim 1, is characterized in that support frame as described above is retractable support frame, and one end of bracing frame is helicitic texture, and the other end is bolt structure.
3. test unit according to claim 1, is characterized in that described fixed support is for semicircle, is evenly distributed with multiple hole, is bolted with bracing frame.
4. test unit according to claim 1, is characterized in that the water level circulating water chennels such as described temperature control are column type tank, is divided into two perform regions by the baffler on base, the corresponding semicircular fixed support in each perform region.
5. test unit according to claim 1, is characterized in that described earth pillar lower end is closed by glass wool.
6. test unit according to claim 1, is characterized in that described earth pillar is for carving graduated pipe in surface.
7. test unit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the water level circulating water chennels such as described temperature control comprise the water chamber and spill cavity be divided into by overflow plate, water chamber is connected to supply tank by aqueduct, and aqueduct is immersed in water-filled heating cabinet; Arrange osculum bottom spill cavity, osculum is connected to supply tank by outlet conduit; Heating cabinet, pipeline between supply tank and water chamber are provided with peristaltic pump and drive water circulation.
8. test unit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the water level circulating water chennels such as described temperature control comprise the water chamber and spill cavity be divided into by overflow plate, water chamber is connected to supply tank by aqueduct; Arrange osculum bottom spill cavity, osculum is connected to supply tank by outlet conduit; Water chamber underfill heating plate, heating plate connects temperature control device; Aqueduct is provided with peristaltic pump and drives water circulation.
9. the test unit according to claim 7 or 8, it is characterized in that also being provided with temperature sensor in water chamber, described temperature sensor is connected to computer data acquisition system.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520419445.3U CN204694592U (en) | 2015-06-17 | 2015-06-17 | A kind of measurement repellency soil contact angle test unit |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520419445.3U CN204694592U (en) | 2015-06-17 | 2015-06-17 | A kind of measurement repellency soil contact angle test unit |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN204694592U true CN204694592U (en) | 2015-10-07 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201520419445.3U Withdrawn - After Issue CN204694592U (en) | 2015-06-17 | 2015-06-17 | A kind of measurement repellency soil contact angle test unit |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104880387A (en) * | 2015-06-17 | 2015-09-02 | 成都理工大学 | Test device for measuring contact angle of water repellency soil |
| CN111220792A (en) * | 2020-01-22 | 2020-06-02 | 长安大学 | Method for calculating infiltration depth of unsaturated loess water |
| CN112710588A (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-04-27 | 重庆大学 | Method and system for calculating and testing static contact angle of inner surface of capillary tube |
| CN114414437A (en) * | 2022-01-18 | 2022-04-29 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Interfacial tension and contact angle measuring device |
-
2015
- 2015-06-17 CN CN201520419445.3U patent/CN204694592U/en not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104880387A (en) * | 2015-06-17 | 2015-09-02 | 成都理工大学 | Test device for measuring contact angle of water repellency soil |
| CN104880387B (en) * | 2015-06-17 | 2018-02-27 | 成都理工大学 | One kind measures repellency soil contact angle experimental rig |
| CN111220792A (en) * | 2020-01-22 | 2020-06-02 | 长安大学 | Method for calculating infiltration depth of unsaturated loess water |
| CN112710588A (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-04-27 | 重庆大学 | Method and system for calculating and testing static contact angle of inner surface of capillary tube |
| CN112710588B (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2023-10-13 | 重庆大学 | Method and system for calculating and testing static contact angle of inner surface of capillary tube |
| CN114414437A (en) * | 2022-01-18 | 2022-04-29 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Interfacial tension and contact angle measuring device |
| CN114414437B (en) * | 2022-01-18 | 2023-08-25 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Measuring device for interfacial tension and contact angle |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| AV01 | Patent right actively abandoned |
Granted publication date: 20151007 Effective date of abandoning: 20180227 |
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| AV01 | Patent right actively abandoned |