CN201615869U - Device for measuring saturated hydraulic conductivity of field earth in situ - Google Patents
Device for measuring saturated hydraulic conductivity of field earth in situ Download PDFInfo
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- CN201615869U CN201615869U CN2010201219070U CN201020121907U CN201615869U CN 201615869 U CN201615869 U CN 201615869U CN 2010201219070 U CN2010201219070 U CN 2010201219070U CN 201020121907 U CN201020121907 U CN 201020121907U CN 201615869 U CN201615869 U CN 201615869U
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- water
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Abstract
The utility model provides a device for measuring the saturated hydraulic conductivity of field earth in situ. The device adopts the method of obtaining constant water level by setting stable water supply rate in a well and then obtaining the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the field earth on the basis of steady-state principle of fully utilizing a constant-head well permeameter to measure the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the field earth. An external measurement device arranged at the well is used in the method, comprises a water supply container provided with a water inlet, a water outlet and air inlets, and further comprises a dripper connected with the water outlet through a water delivery pipe, and a buoy extending out of a well mouth, wherein a plurality of air inlets are formed and distributed on the water supply container at different heights; and the dripper and the buoy are fixed through a fixing piece arranged above the well mouth. Experiments prove that the device can calculate the saturated hydraulic conductivity of earth through a steady-state model like a Guelph permeameter; and moreover, due to simple structure, the device has the advantages of low cost and easy operation process.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of measurement mechanism of soil moisture parameter, particularly a kind of device of in site measurement field soil saturated hydraulic conductivity.
Background technology
Because problems such as water resources crisis and environmental pollutions, moisture research of migration rule in soil comes into one's own day by day.Describe in the method for moisture migration rule in the soil (analytic solution, half analytic solution, numerical solution) in quantification, corresponding soil moisture parameter all will be arranged, saturated hydraulic conductivity in soil is exactly one of parameter wherein.Because the difference of the soil moisture parameter of field and indoor measurement, the field test technology is still a problem that presses for solution.
The method of field in-site detecting saturated hydraulic conductivity in soil has dicyclo method, monocycle method, disc type to infiltrate instrument method, constant head well method, instantaneous profile method, simulated rainfall method etc.Wherein, constant head well method is to utilize steady principle to measure the method for saturated hydraulic conductivity in soil, has tangible water-saving and advantage such as easy and simple to handle.Its method for measuring with principle is: make a call to a vertical cylindrical well (about diameter 6cm with earth boring auger, well depth is decided as required), (according to Ma Shi bottle principle) keeps a constant water level in well then, soil infiltration speed will be set up the infiltration process (being that infiltration rate remains unchanged in time basically) of stable state in the well after living through the of short duration decline stage, can obtain the stable state infiltration rate by the observation of the decline of water table degree of depth in the water supply installation.Behind well homeostasis infiltration rate, constant water level and well radius substitution steady-state model, can try to achieve saturated hydraulic conductivity in soil.Utilize constant head well method estimation field soil saturated hydraulic conductivity K
s(cm/min) steady-state model is:
In the formula: Q
sBe stable state infiltration rate, cm
3/ min;
C is the dimensionless shape coefficient, is the function of H/a;
α
*For characterizing the parameter of soil suction effect under the current stabilization condition, cm
-1
α is the well radius, cm;
H is the stable state depth of water in the well, cm.
Find the solution saturated hydraulic conductivity K in the steady-state model in the method for utilizing a head
sThe time, α
*Be constant, the common classification table is:
α
*=1.0m
-1, the clay of compacting (culture's clay seam, as the clay liner, clay covering etc., or the fine grained soil handled of laboratory).
α
*=4.0m
-1, structureless fine-texture soil.
α
*=12.0m
-1, majority has the soil (by clay loam to clay) of structure, also comprise most structureless in, fine sand and sandy loam.
α
*=36.0m
-1, coarse sand, gravelly sand, include crack and macroporous various soil.
The empirical equation that calculates C is:
Utilize constant head well method to measure the principle of field soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, disclosed the balance of outside water supply rate and soil infiltration speed, the acquisition of stable state is that steady-state model can be used in the prerequisite of calculating saturated hydraulic conductivity in soil.It is a kind of portable unit that obtains the field soil saturated hydraulic conductivity that Canadian soil physics professor D.E.Elrick and co-worker thereof utilize the development of constant head well method steady principle that Guelph infiltrates instrument, terseness and the little characteristics of water consumption that Guelph infiltrates instrument, it is become be used for the potential useful tool that the measuring machine motor vehicle can't the arrival area saturated hydraulic conductivity in soil, be widely used in the research of forest hydrology and the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the above soil of aquiclude and measure, and the measurement of field soil permeability parameters.But because this apparatus structure is responsible for complexity, price is expensive partially, has limited it and has applied.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is at the expensive problem of above-mentioned instrument of the prior art, and a kind of device of in site measurement field soil saturated hydraulic conductivity is provided, and has water-saving, simple in structure, with low cost, use and management advantage easily.
The technical scheme taked of the utility model is to achieve these goals: a kind of device of in site measurement field soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, be arranged on the outside of well, comprise the water supply container that is provided with water inlet, water delivering orifice and air intake opening, also comprise the water dropper that links to each other with water delivering orifice by water-supply-pipe, and the buoy that stretches out described well head, described air intake opening is a plurality of and is distributed on the differing heights of described water supply container that described water dropper and buoy are by being located at the fixture fixed position of well head top.
Concrete, described fixture is a fixed head, and the external diameter of fixed head is greater than the external diameter of described well, and fixed head is provided with water dropper fixed orifice and buoy stationary magazine creel, water dropper fixed orifice and described water dropper interference fit, buoy stationary magazine creel and described buoy clearance fit.
Concrete, described water supply container is the Ma Shi bottle.
In order to guarantee measurement effect, the length of described buoy is more than or equal to the degree of depth of described well.
Reading is carved with scale and the zero graduation upper end at described buoy on the described buoy for convenience.
The utility model has made full use of the steady principle that constant head well method is measured the field soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, a kind of device of in site measurement field soil saturated hydraulic conductivity is provided, this device and Guelph infiltrate the difference of instrument when measuring saturated hydraulic conductivity in soil and mainly show the acquisition process of stable state, be that Guelph infiltrates instrument and earlier obtains the stable state water supply rate by constant water level is set in well, the utility model then earlier obtains constant water level by the stable state water supply rate is set in well.Experimental results show that the utility model can infiltrate instrument as Guelph and calculate saturated hydraulic conductivity in soil by steady-state model, and because this measurement mechanism is simple in structure, therefore have with low cost, the advantage that operating process is easy.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are: compared to existing technology, the utlity model has water-saving, simple in structure, with low cost, use and management advantage easily.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural drawing of the device of the described in site measurement field soil of the utility model embodiment saturated hydraulic conductivity.
Among the figure: 1 water inlet, 2 air intake openings, 3 water delivering orifices, 4 water-supply-pipes, 5 water droppers, 6 wells, 7 fixed heads, 8 buoys, 9 water dropper fixed orifices, 10 buoy stationary magazine creels, 11 water supply containers.
Embodiment
The utility model is described in further detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, but not as to qualification of the present utility model.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of device of in site measurement field soil saturated hydraulic conductivity is arranged on earth boring auger and beats the outside of getting vertical columniform well 6.This device comprises the water supply container 11 that is provided with water inlet 1, water delivering orifice 3 and air intake opening 2, the water dropper 5 that links to each other with water delivering orifice 3 by water-supply-pipe 4, and the buoy 8 that stretches out described well 6.Wherein, water dropper 5 is used for supplying water in well 6, and buoy 8 is used for the depth of water in the measuring well 6.Reading of data for convenience engraves scale and the zero graduation upper end at buoy 8 on the buoy 8, promptly reading is by little and big, from top to bottom is scales such as 0,1,2 successively.In order to guarantee to measure, buoy 8 length are more than or equal to well depth.In order to realize the purpose of control water dropper 5 water supply rates by switch air intake opening 2, air intake opening 2 is a plurality of and is distributed on the differing heights of water supply container 11, in this example, air intake opening 2 is three, also can control water dropper 5 water supply rates during concrete enforcement by the water dropper 5 of changing different model, to adapt to the infiltration rate of Different Soil, constant water level in the well is controlled at the scope that needs.In order to prevent that wind action from producing the water droplet drift, and reduce the measuring error that buoy 8 tilts to produce, the well head top is provided with the fixture that is used for fixing water dropper 5 and buoy 8 positions.
In this example, adopt the Ma Shi bottle, can adopt container to make water supply container 11 when specifically implementing with similar functions as water supply container 11.In this example, adopt the common syringe syringe needle, can adopt part when specifically implementing as doing water dropper with similar functions as water dropper 5.
In this example, fixture is a fixed head 7, when specifically implementing, can also adopt other to have the fixture of fixed function.Wherein, the shape of fixed head 7 can be chosen arbitrarily, if circular, then the diameter of fixed head 7 needs the diameter greater than well 6, and it is both clearance fit that the diameter of the buoy stationary magazine creel 10 of the circle that is connected with fixed head 7 is a bit larger tham buoy 8 diameters.Also be provided with water dropper fixed orifice 9 on the fixed head 7, water dropper fixed orifice 9 and described water dropper interference fit.
Measuring process of the present utility model:
Set-up procedure, by water inlet 1 water is imported in the water supply container 11, water dropper 5 is connected with water delivering orifice 3 usefulness water-supply-pipes 4, and water dropper 5 and buoy 8 fixed respectively in the water dropper fixed orifice 9 of fixed head 7 and buoy stationary magazine creel 10, and zero graduation one end of buoy 8 is made progress, be that reference field reads buoy 8 scale values with the ground surface.
Measuring process, before in well 6, supplying water, open water inlet 1 and water delivering orifice 3, water-supply-pipe 4 and water dropper 5 are carried out the water-filling exhaust, when water dropper 5 there are flowing out, open air intake opening 2 (select one of them, all the other still keep closed condition) when closing water inlet 1, after this depth of accumulated water and the ability of infiltrating in the well 6 will be in continuous uphill process, and buoy 8 also rises thereupon.When the infiltration rate in the well 6 equals the water supply rate of water dropper 5, depth of accumulated water in the well 6 will keep constant, this stable state can obtain by the judgement to buoy 8 readings, be that three continuous-reading values of 2min equate or indicate that stable state occurs during approximately equal promptly when the time interval, close water delivering orifice 3 and air intake opening 2, finish the mensuration process.
Wherein, the buoy value the during value representation that reads before the water supply zero depth of water, the buoy value during the value representation stable state depth of water that reads after the stable state appearance.The back and the poor of preceding buoy reading value of supplying water appear in stable state, add the buoy degree of depth modified value in the invasion water corresponding with the stable state depth of water, are the well homeostasis depth of water, and the water dropper water supply rate is well homeostasis infiltration rate.Be immersed in the measuring error that the degree of depth below the water surface causes in order to reduce buoy, need before measurement, by simple shop experiment the relation between the degree of depth in the depth of water and the buoy immersion water to be revised earlier.
In sum, the utility model makes full use of the steady principle that constant head well method is measured the field soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, a kind of device of in site measurement field soil saturated hydraulic conductivity is provided, this device and Guelph infiltrate the difference of instrument when measuring saturated hydraulic conductivity in soil and mainly show the acquisition process of stable state, be that Guelph infiltrates instrument and earlier obtains the stable state water supply rate by constant water level is set in well, the utility model then earlier obtains constant water level by the stable state water supply rate is set in well.Experimental results show that the utility model can infiltrate instrument by steady-state model calculating saturated hydraulic conductivity in soil as Guelph, and because this apparatus structure is simple, so have advantage with low cost and that operating process is easy.
Above-described embodiment, the utility model embodiment a kind of more preferably just, the common variation that those skilled in the art carries out in the technical solutions of the utility model scope and replacing all should be included in the protection domain of the present utility model.
Claims (5)
1. the device of an in site measurement field soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, be arranged on the outside of well, comprise the water supply container that is provided with water inlet, water delivering orifice and air intake opening, also comprise the water dropper that links to each other with water delivering orifice by water-supply-pipe, and the buoy that stretches out described well head, it is characterized in that: described air intake opening is a plurality of and is distributed on the differing heights of described water supply container that described water dropper and buoy are by being located at the fixture fixed position of well head top.
2. the device of in site measurement field soil saturated hydraulic conductivity according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described fixture is a fixed head, the external diameter of fixed head is greater than the external diameter of described well, fixed head is provided with water dropper fixed orifice and buoy stationary magazine creel, water dropper fixed orifice and described water dropper interference fit, buoy stationary magazine creel and described buoy clearance fit.
3. the device of in site measurement field soil saturated hydraulic conductivity according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described water supply container is the Ma Shi bottle.
4. the device of in site measurement field soil saturated hydraulic conductivity according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the length of described buoy is more than or equal to the degree of depth of described well.
5. the device of in site measurement field soil saturated hydraulic conductivity according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: be carved with scale on the described buoy, and zero graduation is in the upper end of described buoy.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010201219070U CN201615869U (en) | 2010-03-02 | 2010-03-02 | Device for measuring saturated hydraulic conductivity of field earth in situ |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010201219070U CN201615869U (en) | 2010-03-02 | 2010-03-02 | Device for measuring saturated hydraulic conductivity of field earth in situ |
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Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102252950A (en) * | 2011-07-13 | 2011-11-23 | 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Method for measuring permeation rate of surface soil |
| CN102288528A (en) * | 2011-08-05 | 2011-12-21 | 张振华 | Soil saturated hydraulic conductivity and gas conductivity in situ measurement system |
| CN102323017A (en) * | 2011-08-12 | 2012-01-18 | 张振华 | Underground drip irrigation obstruction degree original position quantification diagnosis method based on transient ventilation principle and diagnosis system thereof |
| CN102661768A (en) * | 2012-05-22 | 2012-09-12 | 中国林业科学研究院林业新技术研究所 | Wetland leakage measuring device |
| CN102890047A (en) * | 2012-09-27 | 2013-01-23 | 清华大学 | Indoor columnar soil layer infiltration automatic determination system |
| CN103063820A (en) * | 2013-01-04 | 2013-04-24 | 张振华 | Method and special device for measuring soil hydrodynamic parameters in situ in field |
| CN103091227A (en) * | 2013-01-24 | 2013-05-08 | 张振华 | Novel Guelph permeameter for measuring soil permeability |
| CN104655543A (en) * | 2015-01-28 | 2015-05-27 | 广西大学 | Vertical permeability clogging and reduction testing device of geocomposite drainage material filter membrane and detection method thereof |
| CN105067500A (en) * | 2015-08-19 | 2015-11-18 | 昆明理工大学 | Detecting device for infiltration performance of earth pillar |
| CN106680182A (en) * | 2017-02-21 | 2017-05-17 | 北京林业大学 | Automatic measurement device for saturated hydraulic conductivity of soil |
| CN107144513A (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2017-09-08 | 湖南农业大学 | A kind of soil moisture infiltration rate test device |
| CN108169100A (en) * | 2018-01-17 | 2018-06-15 | 长安大学 | A kind of device and assay method of in-site detecting rainfall infiltration parameter |
| CN109238802A (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2019-01-18 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | Soil body measurement method |
| CN110595984A (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2019-12-20 | 兰州理工大学 | Cylinder infiltration instrument for measuring undisturbed soil saturated hydraulic conductivity and measuring method thereof |
| CN110927043A (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2020-03-27 | 天津市市政工程设计研究院 | Device for rapidly measuring plain soil filling permeability coefficient in sponge city construction |
| CN113218842A (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2021-08-06 | 中建五局土木工程有限公司 | On-site testing method and on-site testing device for unsaturated permeability coefficient |
-
2010
- 2010-03-02 CN CN2010201219070U patent/CN201615869U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102252950A (en) * | 2011-07-13 | 2011-11-23 | 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Method for measuring permeation rate of surface soil |
| CN102288528A (en) * | 2011-08-05 | 2011-12-21 | 张振华 | Soil saturated hydraulic conductivity and gas conductivity in situ measurement system |
| CN102323017A (en) * | 2011-08-12 | 2012-01-18 | 张振华 | Underground drip irrigation obstruction degree original position quantification diagnosis method based on transient ventilation principle and diagnosis system thereof |
| CN102661768A (en) * | 2012-05-22 | 2012-09-12 | 中国林业科学研究院林业新技术研究所 | Wetland leakage measuring device |
| CN102890047A (en) * | 2012-09-27 | 2013-01-23 | 清华大学 | Indoor columnar soil layer infiltration automatic determination system |
| CN103063820A (en) * | 2013-01-04 | 2013-04-24 | 张振华 | Method and special device for measuring soil hydrodynamic parameters in situ in field |
| CN103091227A (en) * | 2013-01-24 | 2013-05-08 | 张振华 | Novel Guelph permeameter for measuring soil permeability |
| CN104655543A (en) * | 2015-01-28 | 2015-05-27 | 广西大学 | Vertical permeability clogging and reduction testing device of geocomposite drainage material filter membrane and detection method thereof |
| CN105067500A (en) * | 2015-08-19 | 2015-11-18 | 昆明理工大学 | Detecting device for infiltration performance of earth pillar |
| CN106680182A (en) * | 2017-02-21 | 2017-05-17 | 北京林业大学 | Automatic measurement device for saturated hydraulic conductivity of soil |
| CN106680182B (en) * | 2017-02-21 | 2024-04-30 | 北京林业大学 | Automatic measuring device for saturated water conductivity of soil |
| CN107144513A (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2017-09-08 | 湖南农业大学 | A kind of soil moisture infiltration rate test device |
| CN107144513B (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2023-09-08 | 湖南农业大学 | Soil moisture infiltration rate testing arrangement |
| CN108169100A (en) * | 2018-01-17 | 2018-06-15 | 长安大学 | A kind of device and assay method of in-site detecting rainfall infiltration parameter |
| CN109238802A (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2019-01-18 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | Soil body measurement method |
| CN110595984A (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2019-12-20 | 兰州理工大学 | Cylinder infiltration instrument for measuring undisturbed soil saturated hydraulic conductivity and measuring method thereof |
| CN110927043A (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2020-03-27 | 天津市市政工程设计研究院 | Device for rapidly measuring plain soil filling permeability coefficient in sponge city construction |
| CN110927043B (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2022-04-19 | 天津市市政工程设计研究院 | Device for rapidly measuring plain soil filling permeability coefficient in sponge city construction |
| CN113218842A (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2021-08-06 | 中建五局土木工程有限公司 | On-site testing method and on-site testing device for unsaturated permeability coefficient |
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| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20101027 Termination date: 20140302 |