CN113218842A - On-site testing method and on-site testing device for unsaturated permeability coefficient - Google Patents
On-site testing method and on-site testing device for unsaturated permeability coefficient Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a field test method and a field test device for unsaturated permeability coefficient, comprising the following steps: enclosing a part of the surrounding rock reinforcement body through the cylinder body, and forming a water accumulation cavity above the surrounding rock reinforcement body in the cylinder body; installing a moisture probe connected with a data collector in a surrounding rock reinforcement body in the cylinder body, wherein the top end of the moisture probe is flush with the surface of the surrounding rock reinforcement body in the cylinder body; installing a plurality of matrix suction sensors connected with a data collector in a surrounding rock reinforcing body in a cylinder body, wherein the detection range covers the area around a moisture probe; continuously injecting water into the water accumulation cavity to stabilize the water level in the water accumulation cavity at a set water level, and gradually permeating the water in the water accumulation cavity downwards into the surrounding rock reinforcing body in the cylinder body; collecting the detection data of the moisture probe and the matrix suction sensors by a data collector, analyzing and processing the detection data, and finally obtaining the secondary t1To t2And the unsaturated permeability coefficient of the surrounding rock reinforcement body in the time period.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rock-soil permeability test, in particular to a field test method and a field test device for unsaturated permeability coefficient.
Background
As a natural geological material, a large number of structures such as cracks, pores, joints, bedding and the like exist in the rock-soil body, and the existence of the defects not only changes the mechanical property of the rock-soil body, but also seriously influences the permeability property of the rock-soil body. The permeability coefficient is an important physical index of rock-soil mass, and the movement of water in unsaturated soil mass is more complex than the seepage movement of water in saturated soil mass. This is because its movement is not only related to the geometric characteristics of the porous medium, but also to various influences such as moisture content, saturation, particle size and mineral composition, temperature, solute concentration, and the like. The permeability coefficient is the largest variation range for the engineering properties of geotechnical bodies, and such a large variation range of the permeability coefficient has been a major obstacle to analyzing the seepage problem.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a field test method and a field test device for unsaturated permeability coefficient, which aim to solve the technical problem that the unsaturated permeability coefficient of a surrounding rock reinforcement body cannot be accurately measured at present.
According to one aspect of the invention, an on-site testing method for unsaturated permeability coefficient is provided, which is used for on-site testing the unsaturated permeability coefficient of a surrounding rock reinforced body, and comprises the following steps: a part of the surrounding rock reinforcement body is enclosed by the barrel body, and a water accumulation cavity for containing water is formed above the surrounding rock reinforcement body in the barrel body; water to be connected with data collectorThe sub-probe is arranged in the surrounding rock reinforcement body in the cylinder body, and the top end of the moisture probe is flush with the surface of the surrounding rock reinforcement body in the cylinder body; installing a plurality of matrix suction sensors connected with a data acquisition unit in a surrounding rock reinforcing body in a cylinder body and locating at different depth positions around a moisture probe so that the detection ranges of the matrix suction sensors cover the area around the moisture probe; continuously injecting water into the water accumulation cavity until the water level in the water accumulation cavity reaches a set water level, continuously injecting water and simultaneously discharging water to stabilize the water level in the water accumulation cavity at the set water level, and gradually permeating the water in the water accumulation cavity downwards into the surrounding rock reinforcing body in the cylinder body; selecting a monitoring section, and selecting a section from t after water seeps downwards to the lower part of the monitoring section1To t2Collecting the detection data of the moisture probe and the plurality of substrate suction sensors by the data collector, analyzing and processing the detection data, and finally obtaining the time t1To t2And the unsaturated permeability coefficient of the surrounding rock reinforcement body in the time period.
Further, the data acquisition unit analyzes and processes the detection data in the following manner:
wherein Ks is the saturated permeability coefficient of the surrounding rock reinforcement body, q is the infiltration rate, h'fFor the depth of the wetting peak at any time measured by the moisture probe, the point B is positioned on the monitoring section, t1The first moment after the wetting peak has progressed below point B, t2The second moment after the wetting peak has progressed below point B, phi (h)B，t1) Is t1Volume water content of point B measured by time water probe, phi (h)B，t2) Is t2Volume water content of point B, phi, measured by a time water probe0Initial of the body of the wall rock reinforcement measured by the moisture probeInitial volume water content, gammawThe water is the gravity of water, phi s is the saturated water content measured by the water probe when the point B reaches the saturated state, phi i is the average initial water content in the surrounding rock reinforcement measured by the water probe, H is the height of the set water level in the water collecting cavity, psifThe size of the matrix suction head of the surrounding rock reinforcing body at the infiltration peak is obtained according to the matrix suction of the surrounding rock reinforcing body at the infiltration peak measured by the matrix suction sensor and the depth of the infiltration peak measured by the water probe, and psi (h, t)1) Is t1The magnitude of the substrate suction at the wetting peak, ψ (h, t), measured by the substrate suction sensor at that time2) Is t2The substrate suction force at the infiltration peak is measured by the substrate suction force sensor at the moment, and the value t is finally obtained1To t2And the unsaturated permeability coefficient of the surrounding rock reinforcement body in the time period.
Further, the water level probe is installed, and the method comprises the following steps: punching a hole in the middle of the surrounding rock reinforcement body in the cylinder body; and screwing the moisture probe into the surrounding rock reinforcing body along the hole until the top surface of the moisture probe is flush with the surface of the surrounding rock reinforcing body.
Further, installing a substrate suction sensor, comprising the steps of: drilling holes around the water probes in the surrounding rock reinforcing body in the cylinder body until the drilled holes extend downwards to a preset depth position, screwing a matrix suction sensor into the surrounding rock reinforcing body from the holes, and screwing a plurality of matrix suction sensors into different depth positions around the water probes in the surrounding rock reinforcing body in the same manner so that the detection ranges of the matrix suction sensors cover the area around the water probes; and backfilling all the holes.
Further, the vertical distance between the monitoring section and the surface of the surrounding rock reinforcing body is 3cm-15 cm.
According to another aspect of the invention, an on-site testing device for the unsaturated permeability coefficient is provided, which is used for on-site testing the unsaturated permeability coefficient of the surrounding rock reinforcing body, and comprises a barrel body, a moisture probe, a plurality of matrix suction sensors and a data collector, wherein the barrel body is used for enclosing and combining a part of the surrounding rock reinforcing body above the surrounding rock reinforcing body to form a water accumulation cavity; the water is injected into the water accumulation cavity and the water level in the water accumulation cavity is stabilized at a set water level, so that the water gradually permeates into the plurality of matrix suction sensors in the surrounding rock reinforcing body in the cylinder body downwards, and the unsaturated permeability coefficient of the surrounding rock reinforcing body is obtained after the detection data of the water probe and the plurality of matrix suction sensors are analyzed and processed by the data acquisition unit.
Furthermore, the moisture probe is in a bolt shape, and a screw part of the moisture probe is provided with a thread-shaped waveguide body.
Further, the bottom of the matrix suction sensor is provided with a screw structure for screwing the matrix suction sensor into the surrounding rock reinforcement body.
Further, the bottom end of the cylinder body is provided with a downwardly extending blade structure for inserting the cylinder body into the surrounding rock reinforcement body.
Furthermore, a water outlet is arranged at the set water level of the barrel body, so that water can automatically flow out after the water level in the water accumulation cavity reaches the set water level, and the water level in the water accumulation cavity is stabilized at the set water level.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention relates to a field test method of unsaturated permeability coefficient, during field test, a part of a surrounding rock reinforcing body is enclosed by a cylinder body, a water accumulation cavity for containing water is formed above the enclosed surrounding rock reinforcing body, a water probe connected with a data acquisition unit is arranged in the surrounding rock reinforcing body, and a plurality of matrix suction sensors connected with the data acquisition unit are arranged at different depth positions around the water probe, so that the matrix suction of the whole area around the water probe can be detected by the matrix suction sensors, water is continuously injected into the water accumulation cavity until the water level in the water accumulation cavity reaches a set water level, water injection and drainage are continuously carried out, the water level in the water accumulation cavity is stabilized at the set water level, and the water in the water accumulation cavity is continuously injected and drainedThe water gradually seeps into the surrounding rock reinforcing body in the cylinder body, and then a section is selected through selecting a monitoring section, and after the water seeps to the lower part of the monitoring section, a section from t is selected1To t2Time period, measured by moisture probe t1Depth position of wetting peak at time and t2The depth positions of the infiltration peaks at the moment are measured, the substrate suction at the two depth positions is measured through the corresponding substrate suction sensors, the detection data of the moisture probe and the plurality of substrate suction sensors are collected through the data collector and are analyzed and processed, and the secondary t is finally obtained1To t2And the unsaturated permeability coefficient of the surrounding rock reinforcement body in the time period. Therefore, the field test method provided by the invention has the advantages that the required matching components are simple, the cost is low, the field test is realized, the disturbance on the surrounding rock reinforcement body is small, and whether the reinforcement quality of the surrounding rock reinforcement body meets the requirement or not is judged more accurately according to the measured unsaturated permeability coefficient of the surrounding rock reinforcement body.
In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, other objects, features and advantages of the present invention are also provided. The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an in-situ unsaturated permeability coefficient testing device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an in-situ unsaturated permeability coefficient testing device according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a moisture probe in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the construction of a substrate suction sensor according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the punching tool according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Illustration of the drawings:
1. reinforcing the body by surrounding rocks; 2. a barrel; 21. a water outlet; 22. a blade structure; 3. a moisture probe; 4. a substrate suction sensor; 5. a punching tool.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the invention can be embodied in many different forms, which are defined and covered by the following description.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an in-situ unsaturated permeability coefficient testing device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an in-situ unsaturated permeability coefficient testing device according to another embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a moisture probe in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the construction of a substrate suction sensor according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; fig. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the punching tool according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the field test method for unsaturated permeability coefficient of the present embodiment is used for field testing the unsaturated permeability coefficient of the surrounding rock reinforced body 1, and includes the following steps: a part of the surrounding rock reinforcement body 1 is enclosed by the cylinder body 2, and a water accumulation cavity for containing water is formed above the surrounding rock reinforcement body 1 in the cylinder body 2; installing a moisture probe 3 connected with a data acquisition unit in the surrounding rock reinforcement body 1 in the cylinder body 2, wherein the top end of the moisture probe 3 is flush with the surface of the surrounding rock reinforcement body 1 in the cylinder body 2; installing a plurality of matrix suction sensors 4 connected with a data acquisition unit in the surrounding rock reinforcing body 1 in the cylinder body 2 and at different depth positions around the moisture probe 3 so that the detection ranges of the matrix suction sensors 4 cover the area around the moisture probe 3; continuously injecting water into the water accumulation cavity until the water level in the water accumulation cavity reaches a set water level, continuously injecting water and simultaneously discharging water to stabilize the water level in the water accumulation cavity at the set water level, and gradually permeating the water in the water accumulation cavity downwards into the surrounding rock reinforcement body 1 in the cylinder body 2; selecting a monitoring section, and selecting a section from t after water seeps to the lower part of the monitoring section1To t2The detection data of the moisture probe 3 and the plurality of substrate suction sensors 4 are collected by the data collector, and the analysis and the processing are carried out on the detection dataFinally, obtain from t1To t2The unsaturated permeability coefficient of the surrounding rock reinforcement 1 over the time period.
The invention relates to a field test method of unsaturated permeability coefficient, when in field test, a part of a surrounding rock reinforcing body 1 is enclosed by a cylinder body 2, a water accumulation cavity for containing water is formed above the enclosed surrounding rock reinforcing body 1, a moisture probe 3 connected with a data collector is arranged in the surrounding rock reinforcing body 1, a plurality of matrix suction sensors 4 connected with the data collector are arranged at different depth positions around the moisture probe 3, so that the matrix suction force of the whole area around the moisture probe 3 can be detected by the matrix suction sensors 4, water is continuously injected into the water accumulation cavity until the water level in the water accumulation cavity reaches a set water level, water injection and drainage are continued, the water level in the water accumulation cavity is stabilized at the set water level, the water in the water accumulation cavity gradually seeps into the surrounding rock reinforcing body 1 in the cylinder body 2, and a monitoring section is selected, after the water seeps to the lower part of the monitoring section, a slave t is selected1To t2Time period, measured by moisture probe 3, t1Depth position of wetting peak at time and t2The depth positions of the infiltration peaks at the moment are measured, the substrate suction at two depth positions is measured through the corresponding substrate suction sensors 4, the detection data of the moisture probe 3 and the plurality of substrate suction sensors 4 are collected through the data collector and are analyzed and processed, and the secondary t is finally obtained1To t2And acquiring the unsaturated permeability coefficient of the surrounding rock reinforcement body 1 in the time period. Therefore, the field test method provided by the invention has the advantages that the required matching components are simple, the cost is low, the field test is realized, the disturbance on the surrounding rock reinforcement body 1 is small, and whether the reinforcement quality of the surrounding rock reinforcement body 1 meets the requirement or not is judged more accurately according to the measured unsaturated permeability coefficient of the surrounding rock reinforcement body 1.
Optionally, the section N is selected at different depth positions below the monitoring section1And section N2Section N2Deeper than section N1. When the moisture probe 3 detects that the wetting peak develops to the section N1Then record as t1At the moment, when the moisture probe 3 monitorsUntil the wetting peak develops into the section N2Then record as t2At that moment, the section N is measured by the corresponding substrate suction sensor 41And section N2The substrate suction is positioned, the data collector collects the detection data of the moisture probe 3 and the plurality of substrate suction sensors 4, the detection data are analyzed and processed, and the secondary t is finally obtained1To t2And acquiring the unsaturated permeability coefficient of the surrounding rock reinforcement body 1 in the time period. Wherein the section N1And the depth difference between the monitored sections is 5cm-10 cm. Section N1And section N2The depth difference of (A) is 5cm-10 cm.
Optionally, when the moisture probe 3 monitors that the wetting peak develops below the monitored cross section, a moment is selected as t1At the moment, t is measured by the moisture probe 31The depth position of the infiltration peak at the moment, and the substrate suction at the depth position is measured by the corresponding substrate suction sensor 4; then another time is selected as t2At the moment, t is measured by the moisture probe 32The depth position of the infiltration peak at the moment, and the substrate suction at the depth position is measured by the corresponding substrate suction sensor 4; the data acquisition unit is used for acquiring the detection data of the moisture probe 3 and the plurality of substrate suction sensors 4, analyzing and processing the detection data and finally obtaining the secondary t1To t2And acquiring the unsaturated permeability coefficient of the surrounding rock reinforcement body 1 in the time period. Wherein, t1And t2The time interval between the two is 3min-6 min.
The data acquisition unit analyzes and processes the detection data in the following way:
wherein Ks is the saturated permeability coefficient of the surrounding rock reinforcement body 1, q is the infiltration rate, h'fFor any time measured by the moisture probe 3Depth of wetting peak, point B on the monitoring section, t1The time when the wetting peak has progressed to a depth position below point B, t2The time when the wetting peak progresses to another depth position below the point B, phi (h)B，t1) Is t1Volumetric water content at point B, phi (h), measured by the time water content probe 3B，t2) Is t2Volume water content, phi, of point B measured by time water probe 30The initial volume water content, gamma, of the surrounding rock reinforcement body 1 measured by the water probe 3wPhi s is the saturated water content measured by the water probe 3 when the point B reaches the saturated state, phi i is the average initial water content in the surrounding rock reinforcement body 1 measured by the water probe 3, H is the height of the set water level in the water accumulation cavity, and phifThe size of the matrix suction head of the infiltration peak surrounding rock reinforcement body 1 obtained according to the matrix suction of the infiltration peak surrounding rock reinforcement body 1 measured by the matrix suction sensor 4 and the depth of the infiltration peak measured by the water probe 3 is psi (h, t)1) Is t1The magnitude of the substrate suction at the wetting peak, ψ (h, t) measured by the substrate suction sensor 4 at the time2) Is t2The substrate suction force at the infiltration peak measured by the substrate suction force sensor 4 at the moment is finally obtained from t1To t2The unsaturated permeability coefficient of the surrounding rock reinforcement 1 over the time period. The infiltration rate q is obtained by the time of infiltration to the mark point on the water probe 3 according to the distance of the mark point, thereby calculating the infiltration rate. h'fThe depth of the wetting peak at any time measured by the moisture probe 3, and when the moisture content at a position measured by the moisture probe 3 changes relative to the initial moisture content, the wetting peak moves to the position, so that the depth of the wetting peak is determined.
The invention relates to a field test method of unsaturated permeability coefficient, when in field test, a part of a surrounding rock reinforcing body 1 is enclosed by a cylinder body 2, a water accumulation cavity for containing water is formed above the enclosed surrounding rock reinforcing body 1, a moisture probe 3 connected with a data collector is arranged in the surrounding rock reinforcing body 1, a plurality of matrix suction sensors 4 connected with the data collector are arranged at different depth positions around the moisture probe 3, so that the matrix suction force of the whole area around the moisture probe 3 can be detected by the matrix suction sensors 4, water is continuously injected into the water accumulation cavity until the water level in the water accumulation cavity reaches a set water level, water injection and drainage are continued, the water level in the water accumulation cavity is stabilized at the set water level, the water in the water accumulation cavity gradually seeps into the surrounding rock reinforcing body 1 in the cylinder body 2, and a monitoring section is selected, and the data acquisition unit is used for acquiring the detection data of the moisture probe 3 and the plurality of matrix suction sensors 4, analyzing and processing the detection data, and finally obtaining the unsaturated permeability coefficient of the surrounding rock reinforcement body 1. Therefore, the field test method provided by the invention has the advantages that the required matching components are simple, the cost is low, the field test is realized, the disturbance on the surrounding rock reinforcement body 1 is small, and whether the reinforcement quality of the surrounding rock reinforcement body 1 meets the requirement or not is judged more accurately according to the measured unsaturated permeability coefficient of the surrounding rock reinforcement body 1.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the water level in the water collecting chamber is stabilized at the set water level by opening the water outlet 21 at the set water level of the water collecting chamber to automatically discharge water after the water level in the water collecting chamber reaches the set water level. In the whole permeation process, the water level in the water accumulation cavity is stabilized at a set water level.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the installation of the water level probe comprises the following steps: punching a hole in the middle of the surrounding rock reinforcement body 1 in the cylinder body 2; and screwing the moisture probe 3 into the surrounding rock reinforcing body 1 along the hole until the top surface of the moisture probe 3 is flush with the surface of the surrounding rock reinforcing body 1. In the present embodiment, the moisture probe 3 is in the form of a bolt, and a helical waveguide is provided at the screw portion of the moisture probe 3.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the substrate suction sensor 4 is mounted, including the steps of: drilling holes around the moisture probes 3 in the surrounding rock reinforcement body 1 in the barrel body 2 until the drilled holes extend downwards to a preset depth position, screwing one matrix suction sensor 4 into the surrounding rock reinforcement body 1 from the holes, and screwing a plurality of matrix suction sensors 4 into different depth positions around the moisture probes 3 in the surrounding rock reinforcement body 1 in the same manner so that the detection ranges of the matrix suction sensors 4 cover the area around the moisture probes 3; and backfilling all the holes.
The vertical distance between the monitoring section and the surface of the surrounding rock reinforcement body 1 is 3cm-15 cm. The monitoring section is close to the surface of the surrounding rock reinforcing body 1, so that the monitoring section can reach a saturated state after water is infiltrated. In this embodiment, the selected point B is in contact with the moisture probe 3, so that the moisture probe 3 can more accurately measure the volume moisture content of the point B.
In this embodiment, the formula for analyzing and processing data by the data collector is obtained, which includes the following steps:
adopt above-mentioned same mode to carry out ponding infiltration experiment to surrounding rock reinforcement body 1, moisture probe 3 goes up along the depth direction and has preset No. 1 inductive position, No. 2 inductive position and No. 3 inductive position. When the accumulated water in the cylinder 2 is stabilized at the designed water level, the water in the accumulated water cavity enters the infiltration process from the top end to the lower end of the surrounding rock reinforcing body 1, if the point A is positioned on the bottom end section of the surrounding rock reinforcing body 1, the point B (induction position No. 1) is positioned on the monitoring section in the surrounding rock reinforcing body 1, and the accumulated water duration is t1And t2The time-wetting peak is respectively developed to the section N1(position of induction No. 2) and N2(sensing position No. 3);
therefore, the accumulated water lasts for t1～t2In the time period, the flow passing through the section B is as follows: qB＝ΔNB-A+QA，
In the formula: delta NB-ABA section for reinforcing the surrounding rock 1 at t1～t2Water storage capacity in time period, QBIs a period of time t1～t2Flow through section B, QAIs a period of time t1～t2The water flow rate through the section A (considered to be 0 before the wetting peak does not progress to the section A).
From the above formula, Δ NB-AIs calculated as
In the formula: phi (h, t) is a volume water content distribution function of the surrounding rock reinforcement body 1, A is the cross-sectional area of the surrounding rock reinforcement body 1, and hBAnd hAAre respectively a sectionB and the vertical distance between the section A and the infiltration surface.
Assume that the surrounding rock reinforcement 1 is t for a minute time period Δ t2-t1Wetting front from section N1～N2Has a height difference of deltah, and the distribution of the volume water content distribution function phi (h, t) and the matrix suction distribution function psi (h, t) in the vertical soil column is a smooth function. In the present embodiment, Δ t is selected to be 5 min.
Therefore, according to the functional relationship, there is the following relationship:
Φ(h，t+Δt)＝Φ(h-Δh，t)，
ψ(h，t+Δt)＝ψ(h-Δh，t)，
in combination with the above two equations, from the time period t1～t2Flow rate Q through cross section BBRewritable as follows:
based on the assumption that the distribution function of the volume water content of the surrounding rock reinforcement body 1 is a smooth function, the method comprises
In the formula: phi0The initial volume water content of the surrounding rock reinforcement body 1.
From the above, it can be obtained:
assume that at a minute time period Δ t ═ t2-t1And if the unsaturated permeability coefficient k (vertical permeability coefficient, the same applies below) of the surrounding rock reinforcement body 1 does not change, the unsaturated permeability coefficient k can be obtained according to Darcy's law: qBK μ a Δ t, wherein: k is the unsaturated permeability coefficient of the surrounding rock reinforcement body 1; mu is a hydraulic gradient, andis provided with
In the formula: gamma raywIs the heaviness of the water.
Therefore, the flow rate QBSubstituting the water gradient mu into the Darcy's law expression to obtain the unsaturated permeability coefficient of the surrounding rock reinforcement body 1 as follows:
the equation is simplified, and the movement rate v of the infiltration peak is equal to Δ h/Δ t, and the calculation formula of the unsaturated permeability coefficient can be obtained as follows:
infiltration equation by GA model:
wherein i represents the rate of infiltration; ks is the saturation permeability coefficient of the surrounding rock reinforcement body 1; hf represents the depth of infiltration (wetting front), i.e. the thickness of the saturation zone; h is the thickness of the surface water layer of the surrounding rock reinforcement body 1; ψ f represents the magnitude of the matrix suction head of the surrounding rock reinforcement body 1 on the boundary line.
The expression of the water content distribution in the slope after seeper infiltration is as follows:
wherein phi is a dependent variable and represents the water content; h is an independent variable and represents depth; phi i is the initial water content; Φ s is the saturated water content; hs is the thickness of the complete saturation layer and the transition layer, hs is hf/2.
Therefore, the total infiltration capacity of accumulated water corresponding to any accumulated water time t can be deduced, namely:
wherein, I is the total infiltration amount at the time of water accumulation, phi I is the initial water content, and phi s is the saturated water content.
At a certain time t1, the depth of penetration is h'fWhen the water is seeped into the water tank, the seeping amount of the water is equal to the total seeping amount, namely:
the infiltration rate at the t1 moment is known to be
And is provided with
Therefore, the method comprises the following steps:
wherein C is an arbitrary constant, and the height h 'of infiltration is determined when t is 0'fIs 0, so:
i.e. infiltration height h'fThe expression with time t is:
therefore, the movement velocity v of the wetting peak is:
substituting v into the equation for calculating the unsaturated permeability coefficient of the above equation gives:
as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the on-site testing apparatus for unsaturated permeability coefficient of the present embodiment is used for on-site testing of unsaturated permeability coefficient of a surrounding rock reinforcement 1, and includes a barrel 2 for enclosing a part of the surrounding rock reinforcement 1 and forming a water accumulation cavity above the surrounding rock reinforcement 1, a moisture probe 3 for being installed in the surrounding rock reinforcement 1 in the barrel 2, a plurality of matrix suction sensors 4 for being installed in the surrounding rock reinforcement 1 in the barrel 2 and located at different depth positions around the moisture probe 3, and a data collector connected to the moisture probe 3 and the matrix suction sensors 4 for collecting detection data of the moisture probe 3 and the matrix suction sensors 4; by injecting water into the water accumulation cavity and stabilizing the water level in the water accumulation cavity at a set water level, water gradually permeates into the plurality of matrix suction sensors 4 in the surrounding rock reinforcing body 1 in the barrel 2 downwards, and the unsaturated permeability coefficient of the surrounding rock reinforcing body 1 is obtained after the detection data of the water probe 3 and the plurality of matrix suction sensors 4 are analyzed and processed by the data acquisition unit.
In this embodiment, the end surface of the top end of the moisture probe 3 is flush with the surface of the surrounding rock reinforcement 1, No. 1 sensing position on the monitoring section is marked on the moisture probe 3, and the distance difference between the No. 1 sensing position and the end surface of the top end of the moisture probe 3 is 3cm-15 cm. In the test process, water in the ponding cavity gradually infiltrates into the surrounding rock reinforcement body, and the change of volume moisture content in the infiltration process of number 1 induction position department is surveyed through moisture probe 3.
The moisture probe 3 is also marked with a sensing position No. 2 and a sensing position No. 3 along the depth direction, the sensing position No. 2 and the sensing position No. 3 are positioned below the sensing position No. 1, the distance difference between the sensing position No. 2 and the sensing position No. 1 is 5cm-10cm, and the distance difference between the sensing position No. 3 and the sensing position No. 2 is 5cm-10 cm. The change of the volume water content at the No. 2 induction position is detected by the water probe 3, whether the infiltration peak develops to the No. 2 induction position or not is judged, and when the infiltration peak develops to the No. 2 induction position, the change is recorded as t1The time of day. The change of the volume water content at the No. 3 induction position is detected by the water probe 3, whether the infiltration peak develops to the No. 3 induction position or not is judged, and when the infiltration peak develops to the No. 3 induction position, the change is recorded as t2The time of day. The depth positions of the two substrate suction sensors correspond to the depth positions of the No. 2 induction position and the No. 3 induction position respectively. So as to more accurately measure t respectively1Time t and2the suction force of the substrate at the infiltration peak is obtained at the moment.
As shown in fig. 3, the moisture probe 3 is in the form of a bolt, and a threaded waveguide is provided at the screw portion of the moisture probe 3. By providing the wave guide in a threaded shape and the moisture probe 3 in a bolt shape, it is convenient to screw the moisture probe 3 into the surrounding rock-reinforced body 1, and the contact of the wave guide with the surrounding rock-reinforced body 1 is improved, effectively preventing errors due to potential flow around the moisture probe 3 and air gaps around the wave guide. And a TDR circuit connected with a data collector is arranged in the waveguide body and used for calculating the volume content rate in the surrounding rock reinforcing body 1 and transmitting data to the data collector. The volume water content and the water content in the surrounding rock reinforcing body 1 are accurately measured through the water probe 3, and the depth position of the infiltration peak is judged by the data acquisition unit according to the volume water content or the water content change at different depth positions detected by the water probe 3.
As shown in fig. 4, the bottom of the matrix suction sensor 4 is provided with a screw structure for screwing the matrix suction sensor 4 into the surrounding rock reinforcement 1. A plurality of matrix suction sensors 4 are distributed at a plurality of depth positions in the surrounding rock reinforcement 1, and each matrix suction sensor 4 can detect matrix suction in a part of area near above and transmit detection data to the data acquisition unit. And the data acquisition unit acquires the size of the matrix suction at the depth position according to the depth position of the infiltration peak, and the matrix suction water head is obtained through calculation. In the present embodiment, two substrate suction sensors 4 are installed at different depth positions on both sides of the moisture probe 3, respectively. Alternatively, three substrate suction sensors 4 are installed at different depth positions on both sides of the moisture probe 3, respectively.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the bottom end of the barrel 2 is provided with a downwardly extending blade structure 22 for inserting the barrel 2 into the surrounding rock reinforcement 1. In this embodiment, the cylinder 2 is a steel cylinder with an inner diameter of 120mm, an outer diameter of 140mm and a height of 85 cm. The blade structure 22 extends downwardly a length of 15 cm.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a drain port 21 is provided at a set water level of the cylinder 2. After the water level in the water accumulation cavity reaches the set water level, water is continuously filled, and water is automatically discharged from the water outlet 21, so that the water level in the water accumulation cavity is stabilized at the set water level.
As shown in fig. 5, in the present embodiment, the in-situ test apparatus further includes a punching tool 5 for punching holes in the surrounding rock reinforcement 1 to extend the matrix suction sensor 4 or the moisture probe 3 from the corresponding hole into the surrounding rock reinforcement 1. The punching tool 5 comprises a drill rod which is vertically arranged and a handle which is horizontally arranged at the top end of the drill rod. Optionally, a drilling device is used to drill holes in the surrounding rock reinforcement 1.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An on-site testing method for unsaturated permeability coefficient, which is used for on-site testing the unsaturated permeability coefficient of a surrounding rock reinforcement body (1), and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a part of the surrounding rock reinforcement body (1) is enclosed by the cylinder body (2), and a water accumulation cavity for containing water is formed above the surrounding rock reinforcement body (1) in the cylinder body (2);
installing a moisture probe (3) connected with a data acquisition unit in a surrounding rock reinforcement body (1) in a cylinder body (2), wherein the top end of the moisture probe (3) is flush with the surface of the surrounding rock reinforcement body (1) in the cylinder body (2);
installing a plurality of matrix suction sensors (4) connected with a data acquisition unit in a surrounding rock reinforcing body (1) in a cylinder body (2) and locating at different depth positions around a moisture probe (3) so that the detection ranges of the matrix suction sensors (4) cover the area around the moisture probe (3);
continuously injecting water into the water accumulation cavity until the water level in the water accumulation cavity reaches a set water level, continuously injecting water and simultaneously draining water to ensure that the water level in the water accumulation cavity is stabilized at the set water level, and gradually permeating the water in the water accumulation cavity downwards into the surrounding rock reinforcement body (1) in the cylinder body (2);
selecting a monitoring section, and selecting a section from t after water seeps downwards to the lower part of the monitoring section1To t2The detection data of the moisture probe (3) and the plurality of substrate suction sensors (4) are collected by the data collector, and the detection data are analyzed and processed to finally obtain the time interval t1To t2The unsaturated permeability coefficient of the surrounding rock reinforcement body (1) in the time period.
2. The field test method for the unsaturated permeability coefficient of claim 1, wherein the data acquisition unit analyzes and processes the detection data in the following way:
wherein Ks is the saturation permeability coefficient of the surrounding rock reinforcement body (1), q is the infiltration rate, h'fThe depth of the wetting peak at any moment measured by the moisture probe (3) is shown as point B on the monitoring section t1The first moment after the wetting peak has progressed below point B, t2The second moment after the wetting peak has progressed below point B, phi (h)B，t1) Is t1The volume water content of the point B measured by the time water probe (3), phi (h)B，t2) Is t2The volume water content, phi, of the point B measured by the time water probe (3)0The initial volume water content, gamma, of the surrounding rock reinforcement body (1) measured by the water probe (3)wPhi s is the saturation water content measured by the water probe (3) when the point B reaches the saturation state, phi i is the average initial water content measured by the water probe (3) in the surrounding rock reinforcement body (1), H is the height of the set water level in the water accumulation cavity, phifThe size of the matrix suction head of the surrounding rock reinforcing body (1) at the infiltration peak is obtained according to the matrix suction of the surrounding rock reinforcing body (1) at the infiltration peak measured by the matrix suction sensor (4) and the depth of the infiltration peak measured by the water probe (3), psi (h, t)1) Is t1The magnitude of the substrate suction at the wetting peak, ψ (h, t) measured by the substrate suction sensor (4) at that time2) Is t2The substrate suction force at the infiltration peak measured by the substrate suction force sensor (4) at the moment is finally obtained from t1To t2The unsaturated permeability coefficient of the surrounding rock reinforcement body (1) in the time period.
3. The field test method of unsaturated permeability coefficient of claim 1, wherein installing a water level probe comprises the steps of:
punching a hole in the middle of the surrounding rock reinforcement body (1) in the cylinder body (2);
and screwing the moisture probe (3) into the surrounding rock reinforcing body (1) along the hole until the top surface of the moisture probe (3) is flush with the surface of the surrounding rock reinforcing body (1).
4. The method for the in-situ measurement of the unsaturated permeability coefficient according to claim 1, wherein the installation of the matrix suction sensor (4) comprises the following steps:
drilling holes around the moisture probes (3) in the surrounding rock reinforcing body (1) in the barrel body (2) until the drilled holes extend downwards to a preset depth position, further screwing one matrix suction sensor (4) into the surrounding rock reinforcing body (1) from the holes, and screwing a plurality of matrix suction sensors (4) into different depth positions around the moisture probes (3) in the surrounding rock reinforcing body (1) in the same manner so that the detection ranges of the matrix suction sensors (4) cover the area around the moisture probes (3);
and backfilling all the holes.
5. The in-situ test method of unsaturated permeability coefficient according to claim 1,
the vertical distance between the monitoring section and the surface of the surrounding rock reinforcement body (1) is 3cm-15 cm.
6. An on-site testing device for unsaturated permeability coefficient, which is used for on-site testing the unsaturated permeability coefficient of a surrounding rock reinforcement body (1),
the field test device comprises a cylinder body (2) which is used for surrounding and combining a part of the surrounding rock reinforcement body (1) above the surrounding rock reinforcement body (1) to form a water accumulation cavity, a moisture probe (3) which is used for being installed in the surrounding rock reinforcement body (1) in the cylinder body (2), a plurality of matrix suction sensors (4) which are used for being installed in the surrounding rock reinforcement body (1) in the cylinder body (2) and are located at different depth positions around the moisture probe (3), and a data collector which is connected with the moisture probe (3) and the matrix suction sensors (4) and is used for collecting detection data of the moisture probe (3) and the matrix suction sensors (4);
the water is injected into the water accumulation cavity and the water level in the water accumulation cavity is stabilized at a set water level, so that the water gradually permeates into a plurality of matrix suction sensors (4) in the surrounding rock reinforcing body (1) in the barrel body (2) downwards, and the unsaturated permeability coefficient of the surrounding rock reinforcing body (1) is obtained after the detection data of the water probe (3) and the matrix suction sensors (4) are analyzed and processed through the data acquisition unit.
7. The in-situ test device of unsaturated permeability coefficient of claim 1,
the moisture probe (3) is in a bolt shape, and a threaded waveguide body is arranged at the screw rod part of the moisture probe (3).
8. The in-situ test device of unsaturated permeability coefficient of claim 1,
the bottom of the matrix suction sensor (4) is provided with a screw structure for screwing the matrix suction sensor (4) into the surrounding rock reinforcement body (1).
9. The in-situ test device of unsaturated permeability coefficient of claim 1,
the bottom end of the cylinder body (2) is provided with a blade structure (22) which extends downwards and is used for inserting the cylinder body (2) into the surrounding rock reinforcing body (1).
10. The in-situ test device of unsaturated permeability coefficient of claim 1,
a water outlet (21) is arranged at the set water level of the cylinder body (2) to ensure that water automatically flows out after the water level in the water accumulation cavity reaches the set water level, thereby stabilizing the water level in the water accumulation cavity at the set water level.
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