CN107179260B - Groundwater diving evaporation measurement system and method based on Internet of things technology - Google Patents
Groundwater diving evaporation measurement system and method based on Internet of things technology Download PDFInfo
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- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 164
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 163
- 230000009189 diving Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 230000033558 biomineral tissue development Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 12
- AEEAZFQPYUMBPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [I].[W] Chemical compound [I].[W] AEEAZFQPYUMBPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 210000005239 tubule Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003028 elevating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000005068 transpiration Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N5/00—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid
- G01N5/04—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid by removing a component, e.g. by evaporation, and weighing the remainder
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- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a groundwater diving evaporation measurement system and method based on the technology of the Internet of things. According to the invention, the automatic recording, transmission and real-time checking of experimental data are realized based on the technology of the Internet of things, the experimental workload is greatly reduced, the high-precision sensor in the automatic measuring system for the submerged evaporation improves the measuring precision, and the submerged evaporation model is further corrected by considering the influence of the mineralization of the underground water on the submerged evaporation, so that the submerged evaporation model is more suitable for the submerged evaporation process in the region with higher mineralization of the underground water. The invention can simulate the influence of different groundwater levels, evaporation intensity and mineralization of groundwater on submerged evaporation, and is applicable to layered soil and homogeneous soil submerged evaporation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural water and soil engineering, in particular to an underground water diving evaporation measurement system and method based on the internet of things technology.
Background
The submerged evaporation is an important link of water circulation, and the submerged evaporation research plays an important role in the aspects of salinization prevention and control, groundwater water resource evaluation, natural vegetation water consumption estimation, farmland mastering and regional water circulation law and the like. Particularly in shallow groundwater buried areas, submerged evaporation is one of the main consumption items of groundwater and also one of the main sources of water for regional bulk evaporation. The submerged evaporation refers to the process that the submerged water conveys water to the air-packing belt and enters the atmosphere through soil evaporation or (and) plant transpiration, and the submerged evaporation can enable salt of underground water to accumulate on the ground surface to form soil salinization. The main factors influencing the submerged evaporation are the buried depth of the ground water, the evaporation intensity, the mineralization degree of the ground water and the soil texture.
Aiming at the problems that more measuring devices exist in the diving evaporation market, but most of the existing measuring systems aim at single factors, the process of the response relationship between the multiple factors and the diving evaporation is difficult to develop, the response relationship between the multiple factors and the diving evaporation needs more experimental devices, the cost is higher, the experiment times are more, the manpower and material resources are more consumed, and the like; in addition, the traditional method is generally used for measuring the diving evaporation capacity by reading the water level descending scale of the Margaret bottle, a certain included angle is formed between the water body and the wall of the Margaret bottle due to the existence of the surface tension of water molecules, and meanwhile, light rays can be refracted through air and organic glass, so that a certain error exists between the water level observed by naked eyes and the actual water level, and further the experimental precision is poor; finally, for experiments with larger evaporation intensity, the sampling interval of experimental data is generally smaller, and a manual reading method is adopted, so that people need to stare at the experiments for a long time, and the time and the labor are consumed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a groundwater diving evaporation measurement system and method based on the internet of things technology, which are used for solving the technical problems that the prior art cannot automatically record the groundwater diving evaporation process, the measurement accuracy is low, and the cost of manpower and material resources is high.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an underground water diving evaporation measurement system based on the internet of things technology, including a mahalanobis bottle, a lifter, a soil column, a gravity sensor, an evaporation intensity control device, a data acquisition and transmission device and a terminal device;
the device comprises a lifting machine, a gravity sensor, a water outlet, an evaporation intensity control device and a soil column, wherein the lifting machine is used for adjusting the height of an air inlet of the Mahalanobis bottle, the gravity sensor is arranged at the bottom of the Mahalanobis bottle and used for measuring the change of the mass of the Mahalanobis bottle, the water outlet of the Mahalanobis bottle is connected with the soil column and used for supplying water to the soil column, and the evaporation intensity control device is arranged above the soil column and used for controlling the evaporation intensity of the soil column;
the gravity sensor sends measured data to the data acquisition and transmission device through a signal wire, and the data acquisition and transmission device is connected with the terminal equipment and is used for processing the received data to obtain diving evaporation data and transmitting the diving evaporation data to the terminal equipment for inquiry.
Preferably, the evaporation intensity control device comprises an iodine tungsten lamp, a power supply, a sliding resistor and a switch which are sequentially connected in series, wherein when the switch is closed, the power supply supplies power to the iodine tungsten lamp, so that the iodine tungsten lamp supplies heat energy to the soil column, and the sliding resistor is used for controlling the heat energy generated by the iodine tungsten lamp by changing the self resistance.
Preferably, the top of mahalanobis bottle is provided with the round hole, be provided with the rubber stopper in the round hole, install triangular funnel in the rubber stopper, install the water intaking valve on triangular funnel's the pipe wall, triangular funnel is used for the mahalanobis bottle adds water, the air inlet and the delivery port of mahalanobis bottle set up respectively the both sides of the bottom of mahalanobis bottle, the externally mounted of air inlet has the admission valve, the externally mounted of delivery port has the outlet valve, the delivery port of mahalanobis bottle with link to each other through the rubber hose between the earth pillar.
Preferably, the soil column comprises an organic glass column body used for filling soil, one side of the organic glass column body is provided with a plurality of through holes according to preset intervals, each through hole is externally welded with a glass tubule, and the glass tubule is connected with the mahalanobis bottle through a rubber hose.
Preferably, the lifter is a turbine screw lifter, a fixed plate is arranged at the bottom of the turbine screw lifter, a lifting table is arranged at the top of the turbine screw lifter, the lifting table is used for placing a mahalanobis bottle with the bottom provided with a gravity sensor, and a turbine of the turbine screw lifter is connected with a hand wheel through a worm and is driven to rotate by the hand wheel.
Preferably, the gravity sensor is a disk gravity sensor and comprises a sensor main body and a tray arranged at the top of the sensor main body, wherein the sensor main body is placed on the lifter, and the tray is used for placing the mahalanobis bottle.
Preferably, the data acquisition and transmission device comprises a signal acquisition device, a data recording device and a signal transmission device, wherein the signal acquisition device is used for receiving data measured by the gravity sensor, the data recording device is used for processing the received data to obtain diving evaporation data, and the signal transmission device comprises a wireless signal transmitter and/or a mobile memory and is used for transmitting the diving evaporation data.
Preferably, the terminal device comprises a computer terminal, a mobile phone terminal and a printer, wherein application software is installed on the computer terminal and the mobile phone terminal and used for displaying the diving evaporation data to a user for inquiry in a list or curve mode, and the printer is connected with the computer terminal and the mobile phone terminal and used for outputting the data in a paper file mode.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a method for measuring groundwater evaporation based on the internet of things, including:
filling soil into the soil column according to the ground water level set by the experiment;
preparing a solution according to the mineralization degree of the underground water set by experiments, and filling the solution into a Markov bottle; the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the
According to the evaporation intensity set by the experiment, the evaporation intensity of the evaporation intensity control equipment is adjusted;
placing the Martensitic flask on a lifter, and adjusting the height of the lifter according to the burial depth set by experiments so that the Martensitic flask supplies liquid to the soil column;
measuring the change of the quality of the Martensitic flask by using a gravity sensor, and transmitting the measured data to a data acquisition and transmission device;
the data acquisition and transmission device processes the received data to obtain diving evaporation data, and transmits the diving evaporation data to the terminal equipment for inquiry.
Preferably, the step of processing the received data by the data acquisition and transmission device to obtain the diving evaporation data includes:
converting the voltage signal acquired by the gravity sensor into a quality signal;
calculating the mass variation of the Martensitic flask at preset time according to the mass signal;
calculating an accumulated evaporation amount according to the mass change amount;
performing parameter fitting on the accumulated evaporation capacity of different preset times;
and establishing a diving evaporation model according to the fitted parameters, and obtaining diving evaporation data according to the diving evaporation model.
According to the invention, the automatic recording, transmission and real-time checking of experimental data are realized based on the technology of the Internet of things, the experimental workload is greatly reduced, the high-precision sensor in the automatic measuring system for the submerged evaporation improves the measuring precision, and the submerged evaporation model is further corrected by considering the influence of the mineralization of the underground water on the submerged evaporation, so that the submerged evaporation model is more suitable for the submerged evaporation process in the region with higher mineralization of the underground water. The invention can simulate the influence of different groundwater levels, evaporation intensity and mineralization of groundwater on submerged evaporation, and is applicable to layered soil and homogeneous soil submerged evaporation.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an underground water diving evaporation measurement system based on the internet of things technology according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of an evaporation intensity control apparatus in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of a Martensitic flask in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the earth pillar in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an elevator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a gravity sensor in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a data acquisition and transmission device and a terminal device in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a flowchart of a groundwater diving evaporation measurement method based on the internet of things technology according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 9A, 9B and 9C are graphs showing the relationship between the submerged evaporation and the mineralization degree, burial depth and evaporation intensity of groundwater, respectively.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a groundwater diving evaporation measurement system based on the technology of the Internet of things, which is shown in figure 1 and comprises a Margaret bottle 1, a lifter 2, a soil column 3, a gravity sensor 4, evaporation intensity control equipment 5, a data acquisition and transmission device 6 and terminal equipment 7;
wherein, the Marshall bottle 1 is placed on the lift 2, the lift 2 is used for adjusting the height of the air inlet of the Marshall bottle 1, the gravity sensor 4 is arranged at the bottom of the Marshall bottle 1 and used for measuring the change of the mass of the Marshall bottle 1, the water outlet of the Marshall bottle 1 is connected with the soil column 3 and used for supplying water to the soil column 3, the evaporation intensity control device 5 is arranged above the soil column 3 and used for controlling the evaporation intensity of the soil column 3;
the gravity sensor 4 sends the measured data to the data acquisition and transmission device 6 through a signal wire, the data acquisition and transmission device 6 is connected with the terminal equipment 7 and is used for processing the received data to obtain diving evaporation data, and the diving evaporation data is transmitted to the terminal equipment 7 for inquiry.
The invention realizes real-time monitoring of the diving evaporation process based on the internet of things technology, and automatically records, transmits and looks over experimental data from time to time, thereby greatly reducing the experimental workload. The diving evaporation measurement system provided by the invention has complete functions, is convenient to install and use, can simulate the influence of different groundwater levels, evaporation intensity and mineralization of groundwater on diving evaporation, is suitable for diving evaporation of layered soil and homogeneous soil, and has the advantages of automation, high efficiency, real-time performance, economy, reliability and the like.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 2, the evaporation intensity control apparatus 5 comprises an iodine tungsten lamp 501, a power supply 502, a sliding resistor 503 and a switch 504 connected in series in this order, and when the switch 504 is closed, the power supply 502 supplies power to the iodine tungsten lamp 501, so that the iodine tungsten lamp 501 supplies heat energy to the soil column 3, and the sliding resistor 503 is used for controlling the magnitude of the heat energy generated by the iodine tungsten lamp 501 by changing the magnitude of its own resistance.
Specifically, the evaporation intensity control apparatus 5 uses an iodine tungsten lamp 501 with a rated power of 3000 watts as a heat source, uses a 220V ac power supply to supply power, and uses a relation p=u between power and resistance as a reference 2 and/R, the evaporation intensity is controlled by adjusting the sliding resistor 503 to change the resistance.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 3, a round hole is formed in the top of the mahalanobis bottle 1, a rubber plug 101 is arranged in the round hole, a triangular funnel 102 is arranged in the rubber plug 101, a water inlet valve 103 is arranged on the pipe wall of the triangular funnel 102, the triangular funnel 102 is used for adding water to the mahalanobis bottle 1, an air inlet and a water outlet of the mahalanobis bottle 1 are respectively formed in two sides of the bottom of the mahalanobis bottle 1, an air inlet valve 104 is arranged on the outer portion of the air inlet, a water outlet valve 105 is arranged on the outer portion of the water outlet, and the water outlet of the mahalanobis bottle 1 is connected with the soil column 3 through a rubber hose 106.
As an implementation mode of the embodiment of the invention, the Martensitic flask 1 is 1m high and 25cm in diameter, and a round hole with the diameter of 25mm is formed in the top. The left side of the bottom of the Marshall bottle 1 is provided with an air inlet with the diameter of 2mm, which is used for making the internal pressure and the external pressure of the Marshall bottle the same when the Marshall bottle is opened, the right side of the bottom of the Marshall bottle 1 is provided with a water outlet with the diameter of 5mm, which is connected with the soil column 3 through a rubber hose 106, and is used for supplying water to the soil column 3. Before the experiment started, the inlet valve 104 and the outlet valve 105 were closed, the inlet valve 103 was opened, and water was added to the mahalanobis bottle 1 through the triangular funnel 102. After the water is filled, the water inlet valve 103 is closed, the water outlet valve 105 is opened, a small amount of water flows out from the water outlet, when the water outlet is not used for flowing out any more, the internal pressure and the external pressure of the Marshall bottle 1 are the same, and the air inlet valve 104 is closed. After the start of the experiment, the air inlet valve 104 and the water outlet valve 105 were opened, and the water in the mahalanobis bottle 1 was continuously supplied to the soil column 3 via the rubber hose 106.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 4, the soil column 3 comprises an organic glass column 301 for filling soil, one side of the organic glass column 301 is provided with a plurality of through holes according to preset intervals, a glass tubule 302 is welded outside each through hole, and the glass tubule 302 is connected with the mahalanobis bottle 1 through a rubber hose 106.
As a specific implementation mode of the invention, the soil column 3 is 200cm in height and 25cm in diameter, through holes with the diameter of 0.8cm are formed in one side at intervals of 5cm, glass tubules 302 with the diameter of 0.8cm and the length of 2cm are welded outside, the glass tubules 302 are connected with the Marshall bottle 1 through rubber hoses 106, and the rubber hoses 106 are connected with the glass tubules 302 at different positions of the soil column 3, so that different groundwater levels can be simulated. Like this through adjusting the inlet of marshi bottle 1 and the water inlet of earth pillar 3 flush, can ensure that the groundwater level is invariable, avoided the experiment to descend the influence to the experiment because of evaporating the groundwater level that leads to. According to the set groundwater level H (namely soil layer thickness), sand grains are filled at the positions of the lower half H-H of the soil column 3 to serve as saturated zones, and soil is filled and compacted at the positions of the upper 0-H according to the soil volume weight set by experiments to serve as unsaturated zones.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 5, the lifter 2 is a turbine screw lifter, a fixed plate 201 is arranged at the bottom of the turbine screw lifter, a lifting table 202 is arranged at the top of the turbine screw lifter, the lifting table 202 is used for placing the mahalanobis bottle 1 with the gravity sensor 4 installed at the bottom, and a turbine 203 of the turbine screw lifter is connected with a hand wheel 205 through a worm 204 and is driven to rotate by the hand wheel 205.
Specifically, the turbine screw elevator further includes a worm wheel shaft 206, a gear 207, a gear shaft 208, an elevating shaft 209, a support 210, and the like. The height of the air inlet of the Marshall bottle 1 is adjusted to be level with soil-Sha Jiemian in the soil column 3 by using the lifter 2, and at the moment, the height difference between the surface of the soil column 3 and the air inlet of the Marshall bottle 2 is the buried depth of the underground water level.
Further, as shown in fig. 6, the gravity sensor 4 is a disk gravity sensor, and includes a sensor body 401 and a tray 402 disposed on top of the sensor body 401, the sensor body 401 is placed on the lifter 2, and the tray 402 is used for placing the mahalanobis bottle 1. The tray 402 is used to prevent moisture from entering the sensor in the event of a water leak from the marsupet bottle 1. The gravity sensor adopted by the embodiment of the invention is a high-precision gravity sensor (precision is 0.02 FS), and can effectively improve the measurement precision.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 7, the data acquisition and transmission device 6 includes a signal acquisition device 601, a data recording device 602, and a signal transmission device, where the signal acquisition device 601 is configured to receive data measured by the gravity sensor, the data recording device 602 is configured to process the received data to obtain diving evaporation data, and the signal transmission device includes a wireless signal transmitter 603 and/or a mobile memory 604 (e.g. a usb disk) configured to transmit the diving evaporation data.
Specifically, the gravity sensor 4 is connected with the signal collector 701 through a signal line, the collected voltage signal is transmitted to the signal collector 701 through the signal line, and the signal collector 701 can set different sampling intervals (2 seconds-1 hour are different) according to experimental requirements; the signal collector 701 is connected with the data recorder 702 through a signal line, the data recorder 702 converts the received voltage data into data related to diving evaporation, and the data are sent out through a wireless signal transmitter 703 or a mobile memory 704 (in the case of no wireless signal or wireless signal fault).
Further, the terminal device 7 includes a computer terminal 701, a mobile phone terminal 702, and a printer 703, where the computer terminal 701 and the mobile phone terminal 702 are installed with application software for displaying the diving evaporation data to a user in a list or curve form, and the printer 703 is connected with the computer terminal 701 and the mobile phone terminal 702 for outputting the data in a paper file form. The generated data file may be named automatically according to time or user-defined and exported in Excel or TXT format.
In conclusion, the underground water diving evaporation measurement system provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of complete functions, convenience in installation and use, wide application range, automation, high efficiency, real-time performance, economy, reliability and the like.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a groundwater diving evaporation measurement method based on the internet of things technology, as shown in fig. 8, the method comprises the following steps:
filling soil into the soil column according to the ground water level set by the experiment;
preparing a solution according to the mineralization degree of the underground water set by experiments, and filling the solution into a Markov bottle; the method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the
According to the evaporation intensity set by the experiment, the evaporation intensity of the evaporation intensity control equipment is adjusted;
placing the Martensitic flask on a lifter, and adjusting the height of the lifter according to the burial depth set by experiments so that the Martensitic flask supplies liquid to the soil column;
detecting the quality change of the Martensitic flask by using a gravity sensor, and transmitting the measured data to a data acquisition and transmission device;
the data acquisition and transmission device processes the received data to obtain diving evaporation data, and transmits the diving evaporation data to the terminal equipment for inquiry.
The method provided by the invention can simulate the influence of different groundwater levels, evaporation intensity and mineralization of groundwater on diving evaporation, and based on the technology of the Internet of things, and by combining uniformly mixed design experimental schemes, the automatic recording, transmission and real-time checking of experimental data can be realized, so that the experimental workload is greatly reduced. The method considers the influence of the mineralization of the underground water on the diving evaporation, is more suitable for the diving evaporation process in areas with higher mineralization of the underground water, and is suitable for diving evaporation of layered soil and homogeneous soil.
Preferably, the step of processing the received data by the data acquisition and transmission device to obtain the diving evaporation data includes:
converting the voltage signal acquired by the gravity sensor into a quality signal;
calculating the mass variation of the Martensitic flask at preset time according to the mass signal;
calculating an accumulated evaporation amount according to the mass change amount;
performing parameter fitting on the accumulated evaporation capacity of different preset times;
and establishing a diving evaporation model according to the fitted parameters, and obtaining diving evaporation data according to the diving evaporation model.
The process according to the invention is described in more detail below with reference to a specific example.
Firstly, uniformly designing software by using a form Design 5.0 to arrange an experimental scheme, in one embodiment of the invention, according to different numbers of experimental influence factors, different experimental schemes can be adopted, the experimental level is assumed to be 8, and if only 2 experimental factors exist, columns 1 and 3 in table 1 are selected; if there are 3 experimental factors, select the 1 st, 3 rd, 4 th column of the experimental scheme in table 1; if there are 4 experimental factors, select columns 1, 2, 3, 5 of Table 1 to arrange the experimental protocols; if there are 5 experimental factors, the protocols for the arrangement of columns 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 in Table 1 are selected. Taking the depth of underground water burial, the mineralization degree of underground water and the evaporation intensity as influencing factors, 8 groups of experiments are required by adopting uniform design, and 8×8×8=512 times are required by adopting a traditional method.
Table 1 U8 (8 5 ) Use meter of (a)
Before the experiment starts, preparing a solution according to the mineralization degree of the underground water set by the experiment, and filling the prepared solution into a Marshall bottle to be used as the solution for replenishing the underground water.
The specific calculation process of the diving evaporation is as follows:
the first step: and converting the voltage data measured by the gravity sensor into the quality change data of the Margaret bottle. The data collected by the gravity sensor are voltage signals, and the data recorder converts the collected voltage signals U into quality signals M (k, alpha is a set parameter) according to the following formula (1.1).
M＝kU+α (1.1)
And a second step of: and calculating the mass change quantity of the Margaret at the moment t.
ΔM＝M 0 -M t (1.2)
Wherein: ΔM isQuality change (kg) of the mahalanobis bottle; m is M t The mass (kg) of the Marshall bottle at the moment t; m is M 0 Is the initial mass (kg) of the Margaret bottle.
And a third step of: and calculating the accumulated evaporation quantity at the time t.
The accumulated evaporation capacity is the evaporation water quantity on the unit area of the soil column in the measurement time period, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein: EP (EP) t Accumulating evaporation capacity of soil in a t period; v (V) t The amount of water evaporated from the soil (volume of water flowing from the mahalanobis bottle) during the period t; a is the inner sectional area of the organic glass soil column; ρ is the mahalanobis bottle solution density.
Fourth step: diving evaporation capacity at t time.
Assume that the accumulated diving evaporation amount satisfies a (1.4) power function relation with time:
E P ＝λt φ +b (1.4)
wherein: e (E) P To accumulate the diving evaporation quantity; lambda is the model coefficient, phi is the model index, and b is a constant.
Fifth step: and (5) parameter fitting.
The accumulated diving evaporation quantity E of n groups of different moments can be obtained according to the formula (1.4 (1.4)) 1 ,E 2 ,E 3 ,…E n-1 ,E n And corresponding n sets of times, t 1 ,t 2 ,t 3 ,…t n-1 ,t n Fitting the parameters by using matlab parameter fitting tool box cftool to obtain parameters lambda, phi and b in the formula (1.4).
Sixth step: and establishing a diving evaporation model.
The dive evaporation is the derivative of the cumulative dive evaporation amount with time as follows: (1.5)
By substituting the formula (1.4 (1.4)) into the formula (1.5 (1.5)), the following calculation formula of the diving evaporation can be obtained:
E s ＝λφt φ-1 (1.6)
in addition, the invention considers the influence of the mineralization of the underground water on the diving evaporation, and improves the mineralization of the underground water on the basis of the traditional diving evaporation empirical formula (1.7).
In ET 0 For evaporation intensity (evaporation on water surface), μ is the water supply; η and β are indices of surface evaporation and groundwater burial depth, respectively.
After considering the influence of the mineralization of the underground water on the diving evaporation, the relation between the diving evaporation and the buried depth of the underground water, the mineralization of the underground water and the evaporation intensity is as follows:
wherein ω is an index of mineralization degree of groundwater, C 0 The mineralization degree of the underground water influences the critical value of the diving evaporation, when C>C 0 Mineralization has an effect on diving evaporation, when C<C 0 Mineralization is believed to have no effect on diving evaporation.
Example 1: the buried depth, mineralization degree, evaporation intensity and diving evaporation capacity during stable evaporation of the groundwater corresponding to 8 groups of experiments are shown in Table 2, and the water supply degree is 0.025, C 0 Taking 0.5g/L, substituting 8 groups of experimental data into the formula (1.8), and performing parameter fitting to obtain a functional relation between diving evaporation and underground water burial depth, underground water mineralization degree and evaporation intensity shown in the formula (1.9 (1.9)).
TABLE 2 actual and calculated values of diving evaporation
The relationship between the diving evaporation and the mineralization degree, the burial depth and the evaporation intensity of the underground water measured by the system and the method is shown in fig. 9A, 9B and 9C.
In conclusion, the method provided by the invention can simulate the influence of different groundwater levels, evaporation intensity and mineralization degree of groundwater on diving evaporation, and based on the technology of the Internet of things, and by combining with a uniformly mixed design experimental scheme, the automatic recording, transmission and real-time viewing of experimental data can be realized, so that the experimental workload is greatly reduced. The method considers the influence of the mineralization of the underground water on the diving evaporation, is more suitable for the diving evaporation process in areas with higher mineralization of the underground water, and is suitable for diving evaporation of layered soil and homogeneous soil.
The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention, and is not meant to limit the scope of the invention, but to limit the invention to the particular embodiments, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. that fall within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. The method adopts an underground water diving evaporation measurement system based on the technology of the Internet of things, wherein the system comprises a Margaret bottle, a lifter, a soil column, a gravity sensor, evaporation intensity control equipment, a data acquisition and transmission device and terminal equipment; the device comprises a lifting machine, a gravity sensor, a water outlet of the Margaret bottle, a soil column, an evaporation intensity control device and a water outlet of the Margaret bottle, wherein the Margaret bottle is placed on the lifting machine, the lifting machine is a turbine screw rod lifting machine, the lifting machine comprises a fixed plate, a turbine, a worm and a hand wheel, the lifting machine is used for adjusting the height of an air inlet of the Margaret bottle through the hand wheel, the gravity sensor is arranged at the bottom of the Margaret bottle and used for measuring the change of the mass of the Margaret bottle, the water outlet of the Margaret bottle is connected with the soil column and used for supplying water to the soil column, and the evaporation intensity control device is arranged above the soil column and used for controlling the evaporation intensity of the soil column; the gravity sensor sends measured data to the data acquisition and transmission device through a signal wire, and the data acquisition and transmission device is connected with the terminal equipment, and the method comprises the following steps:
filling soil into the soil column according to the ground water level set by the experiment;
preparing a solution according to the mineralization degree of the underground water set by experiments, and filling the solution into a Markov bottle;
according to the evaporation intensity set by the experiment, the evaporation intensity of the evaporation intensity control equipment is adjusted;
placing the Martensitic flask on a lifter, wherein the lifter is a turbine screw lifter and comprises a fixed plate, a turbine, a worm and a hand wheel, and adjusting the height of the lifter through the hand wheel according to the burial depth set by experiments so as to supply liquid to the soil column by the Martensitic flask;
measuring the change of the quality of the Martensitic flask by using a gravity sensor, and transmitting the measured data to a data acquisition and transmission device;
the data acquisition and transmission device converts the voltage signals acquired by the gravity sensor into quality signals; calculating the mass variation of the Martensitic flask at preset time according to the mass signal; calculating the accumulated diving evaporation amount according to the mass change amount;
assume that the accumulated diving evaporation amount and time satisfy a power function relation:
E P ＝λt φ +b (1)
wherein: e (E) P To accumulate the diving evaporation quantity; lambda is a model coefficient, phi is a model index, and b is a constant;
the cumulative diving evaporation capacity E1, E2, E3, of n groups of different moments can be obtained according to the formula (1), wherein the parameters lambda, phi and b in the formula can be obtained by fitting n groups of times, t1, t2, t3, tn-1, tn by using a matlab parameter fitting tool box cftool;
the method comprises the steps of establishing a diving evaporation model, specifically, a diving evaporation calculation formula is as follows:
E S ＝λφt φ-1 (2)
considering the influence of the mineralization of the underground water on the diving evaporation, the relation between the diving evaporation and the buried depth of the underground water, the mineralization of the underground water and the evaporation intensity is as follows:
in the formula (3), h is the buried depth of the underground water, C is the mineralization degree of the underground water, ET 0 The water surface evaporation intensity is that omega is an index of mineralization degree of underground water, and mu is water supply degree; η and β are indices of water surface evaporation intensity and groundwater burial depth, respectively, C 0 The mineralization degree of the underground water influences the critical value of diving evaporation, when C is more than C 0 Mineralization has an effect on the diving evaporation, when C < C 0 Mineralization has no effect on diving evaporation;
and obtaining diving evaporation data according to the diving evaporation model, and transmitting the diving evaporation data to the terminal equipment for inquiry.
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| CN109374468B (en) * | 2018-08-30 | 2022-02-11 | 北京农业智能装备技术研究中心 | Greenhouse water surface evaporation amount measuring device, irrigation system and method |
| CN110376338A (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2019-10-25 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | One kind needing the integrated on-Line Monitor Device of water consumption for evapotranspiration of farm land and crops |
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