CN103776984B - Joint test device and method for expansion and frost heaving of soil body - Google Patents
Joint test device and method for expansion and frost heaving of soil body Download PDFInfo
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- CN103776984B CN103776984B CN201410062316.3A CN201410062316A CN103776984B CN 103776984 B CN103776984 B CN 103776984B CN 201410062316 A CN201410062316 A CN 201410062316A CN 103776984 B CN103776984 B CN 103776984B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a joint test device and method for expansion and frost heaving of a soil body, relates to the field of property tests of the soil bodies, and particularly relates to a device and method for a joint test of expansion rate and frost-heaving ratio of expansive soil, aiming at solving the problem of an inaccurate test aiming at the expansion characteristics of the traditional expansive soil. A sample box in the test device is arranged on a bottom plate of an incubator; a top plate and the bottom plate of an upper surface and a lower surface of the sample box are respectively connected with a low-temperature circulating bath; displacement sensors are arranged above the top plate; the bottom plate is also connected with a water supply device; each sensor is connected with a data collection system. The test method disclosed by the invention comprises the following steps: firstly, calculating zero-load expansion rate of a soil body sample through a change of a reading number of each displacement sensor, and then reducing the temperature of the top plate; freezing the soil body sample; and calculating the frost-heaving ratio of the soil body through the reading numbers of the displacement sensors. The frost-heaving ratio data obtained by the test is closer to that of engineering practice, and cognition on the frost heaving characteristics of the expansive soil is more accurate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to soil mass property field tests, specifically relate to device and the method for testing of a kind of expansivity for swelled ground and frozen-heave factor joint test.
Background technology
Swelled ground is a kind of high-ductility cohesive soil with expansion texture and many fissurities, strong swell-shrink characteristic and strength retrogression's property, is also typical unsaturated soil.Swelled ground distribution range is comparatively wide, and comparatively large to the harm of engineering construction, control is difficulty comparatively.At present, to one of research important research direction having become current Geotechnical Engineering of swelled ground, recent domestic scholar is many to the research of swelled ground, and research focuses mostly in the expansion characteristics of the soil body.
At present, the frost heaving characteristic test carried out for swelled ground both at home and abroad, employing remain the frost heave test method being applicable to common soil, and do not consider the swell increment of the soil body, this just causes the inaccurate of test findings.Inventor once repeatedly carried out test, attempt employing two kinds of methods to contrast, experiment results proved, current swelled ground frost heave test also imperfection, there is relatively large deviation in result of calculation, cause the engineering properties grasp of swelled ground inaccurate, comprehensive, thus engineering design is had a negative impact.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is existingly to test inaccurate problem for swelled ground expansion characteristics to solve, and soil expansion frost heave joint test device and method of testing are provided.
Soil expansion frost heave joint test device of the present invention comprises constant temperature oven, top board low temperature recirculating bath, base plate low temperature recirculating bath, sample box, top board, multiple compensation by thermistor, displacement transducer, water supply installation, data acquisition system (DAS) and main control computer, wherein sample box is plexiglass cylinder, top board low temperature recirculating bath and base plate low temperature recirculating bath is provided with in the bottom of constant temperature oven, sample box is placed on the base plate in constant temperature oven, top board is placed to sample box top and is connected by the outlet of conduit with top board low temperature recirculating bath, base plate bottom sample box is connected by the outlet of conduit with base plate low temperature recirculating bath, at the sidewall of sample box, top board and base plate are all inserted with compensation by thermistor, the top of top board is provided with displacement transducer, the lower surface of base plate connects water supply installation by water pipe, the signal output part of compensation by thermistor and displacement transducer is connected respectively to the signal input part of data acquisition system (DAS), the signal output part of data acquisition system (DAS) connects main control computer.
Soil expansion frost heave joint test method of the present invention follows these steps to realize:
One, will test earth material loads in test box, uses pressing machine that the soil body is compressing, obtains soil body sample;
Two, on base plate, lay permeable stone and filter paper, put into the soil body sample that step one obtains, then put filter paper and permeable stone again at the upper surface of soil body sample, add lid top panel, complete the dress sample of soil body sample;
Three, on the sidewall of sample box, top board and base plate, compensation by thermistor is inserted, installation position displacement sensor above top board, connect top board low-temperature circulating pipeline and base plate low-temperature circulating pipeline, reconnect the water supply installation of base plate, supply water and get rid of bubble in base plate, last connecting circuit completes the assembling of joint test device;
Four, open constant temperature oven, the temperature in setting constant temperature oven is 20 DEG C, and the temperature regulating top board low temperature recirculating bath and base plate low temperature recirculating bath is 20 DEG C, completes initial temperature and regulates;
Five, by water supply installation from bottom to top to water filling in sample box, make the water surface exceed soil body sample 5mm, when displacement transducer stable reading, the initial reading z of recorded bit displacement sensor
0(mm);
Six, the displacement transducer reading z of certain arbitrary time in 24 ~ 48h is recorded
t(mm), calculate without load expansivity by following formula (I);
Wherein δ
ewhen-the time is t without load expansivity (%);
H
0the height (mm) of-soil body sample;
Seven, the temperature in regulating constant incubator is 1 DEG C, and the temperature regulating top board low temperature recirculating bath and base plate low temperature recirculating bath is 1 DEG C, and constant temperature to soil body sample reaches 1 DEG C, completes frost heave initial temperature and regulates;
Eight, top board temperature is adjusted to-15 DEG C, keeps 0.5h, and then top board temperature is adjusted to-2 DEG C, the temperature of soil body sample is declined with the speed of 0.3 DEG C/h, after continuing 72h, records displacement transducer reading z '
t(mm);
Nine, soil body sample is taken out from sample box, measure the depth of freezing H of soil body sample
f(mm), total frost heaving amount △ h=z ' is calculated
t-z
t, then calculate frozen-heave factor by following formula (II), complete soil expansion frost heave joint test;
Wherein η-frozen-heave factor (%);
△ h-total frost heaving amount (mm).
Soil expansion frost heave joint test device of the present invention comprises temperature control system, water charging system, data acquisition system (DAS) and main control computer.Wherein said temperature control system is made up of low temperature recirculating bath, constant temperature oven and temperature controller, case environment needed for testing experiment and top, baseplate temp are provided, adopt soil body sample and top, baseplate temp and case temperature in pin type compensation by thermistor, data collecting instrument monitoring test process to change for temperature monitoring.And DEFORMATION MONITORING SYSTEM adopts the deflection of soil sample in displacement transducer, data collecting instrument monitoring test process.
Utilize soil expansion frost heave joint test device of the present invention and method of testing can consider swelling property and the frost heave of swelled ground simultaneously, comprehensive to the test of swelled ground, after swelled ground reaches maximum swelling amount, carry out frost heave test again simultaneously, the frost heaving characteristic of swelled ground can be obtained more accurately, improve the accuracy rate of test.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of soil expansion frost heave joint test device of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment one: present embodiment soil expansion frost heave joint test device comprises constant temperature oven 1, top board low temperature recirculating bath 11, base plate low temperature recirculating bath 12, sample box 9, top board 6, multiple compensation by thermistor 7, displacement transducer 8, water supply installation 2, data acquisition system (DAS) 3 and main control computer 4, wherein sample box 9 is plexiglass cylinder, top board low temperature recirculating bath 11 and base plate low temperature recirculating bath 12 is provided with in the bottom of constant temperature oven 1, sample box 9 is placed on the base plate 5 in constant temperature oven, top board 6 is placed to sample box 9 top and is connected by the outlet of conduit 61 with top board low temperature recirculating bath, base plate 5 bottom sample box is connected by the outlet of conduit 51 with base plate low temperature recirculating bath 12, at the sidewall of sample box 9, top board 6 and base plate 5 are all inserted with compensation by thermistor 7, the top of top board 6 is provided with displacement transducer 8, the lower surface of base plate 5 connects water supply installation 2 by water pipe 21, compensation by thermistor 7 is connected respectively to the signal input part of data acquisition system (DAS) 3 with the signal output part of displacement transducer 8, the signal output part of data acquisition system (DAS) 3 connects main control computer 4.
Constant temperature oven in present embodiment soil expansion frost heave joint test device is connected with compensation by thermistor, and by temperature controller regulation box environment temperature, the base plate in constant temperature oven is porous disc, in order to be filled in sample box by the water in water supply installation.
Water charging system in present embodiment soil expansion frost heave joint test device is connected with base plate by plastic tube by the water supply installation of constant water level, water level in water supply installation lower than top board and soil sample surface of contact 1cm, should should note the change of water level to carry out moisturizing to water supply installation in time in process of the test.
Embodiment two: present embodiment and embodiment one insert sample box 9 unlike compensation by thermistor 7 along the radial direction of sample box 9.Other device is identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment three: present embodiment and embodiment one or two unlike being inserted with multiple compensation by thermistor 7 on the sidewall of sample box 9, adjacent two compensations by thermistor along sample box 9 axial direction be spaced apart 1cm.Other device is identical with embodiment one or two.
Embodiment four: present embodiment soil expansion frost heave joint test method follows these steps to realize:
One, will test earth material loads in test box, uses pressing machine that the soil body is compressing, obtains soil body sample;
Two, on base plate, lay permeable stone and filter paper, put into the soil body sample that step one obtains, then put filter paper and permeable stone again at the upper surface of soil body sample, add lid top panel, complete the dress sample of soil body sample;
Three, on the sidewall of sample box, top board and base plate, compensation by thermistor is inserted, at the upper surface installation position displacement sensor of top board, connect top board low-temperature circulating pipeline and base plate low-temperature circulating pipeline, reconnect the water supply installation of base plate, supply water and get rid of bubble in base plate, last connecting circuit completes the assembling of joint test device;
Four, open constant temperature oven, the temperature in setting constant temperature oven is 20 DEG C, and the temperature regulating top board low temperature recirculating bath and base plate low temperature recirculating bath is 20 DEG C, completes initial temperature and regulates;
Five, by water supply installation from bottom to top to water filling in sample box, make the water surface exceed soil body sample 5mm, when displacement transducer stable reading, the initial reading z of recorded bit displacement sensor
0(mm);
Six, the displacement transducer reading z of arbitrary time during recording 24 ~ 48h
t(mm), calculate without load expansivity by following formula (I);
Wherein δ
ewhen-the time is t without load expansivity (%);
H
0the height (mm) of-soil body sample;
Seven, the temperature in regulating constant incubator is 1 DEG C, and the temperature regulating top board low temperature recirculating bath and base plate low temperature recirculating bath is 1 DEG C, and constant temperature to soil body sample reaches 1 DEG C, completes frost heave initial temperature and regulates;
Eight, top board temperature is adjusted to-15 DEG C, keeps 0.5h, and then top board temperature is adjusted to-2 DEG C, the temperature of soil body sample is declined with the speed of 0.3 DEG C/h, after continuing 72h, records displacement transducer reading z '
t(mm);
Nine, soil body sample is taken out from sample box, measure the depth of freezing H of soil body sample
f(mm), total frost heaving amount △ h=z ' is calculated
t-z
t, then calculate frozen-heave factor by following formula (II), complete soil expansion frost heave joint test;
Wherein η-frozen-heave factor (%);
△ h-total frost heaving amount (mm).
Displacement transducer stable reading described in present embodiment step 5 to refer to after water filling every 2h displacement sensor reading once, until when twice reading difference is no more than 0.01mm, represent expand stable.
Embodiment five: present embodiment and embodiment four are 1.5g/cm unlike the density of step one soil body sample
3~ 1.7g/cm
3.Other step and parameter identical with embodiment four.
Embodiment one: the method that the present embodiment adopts the soil expansion frost heave joint test device described in embodiment one to carry out joint test follows these steps to realize:
One, 1256g being tested earth material loads in test box, and using pressing machine the soil body to be pressed into height is 10cm, and diameter is the cylindrical of 10cm, obtains soil body sample;
Two, on base plate, lay permeable stone and filter paper, put into the soil body sample that step one obtains, then put filter paper and permeable stone again at the upper surface of soil body sample, add lid top panel, complete the dress sample of soil body sample;
Three, on the sidewall of sample box, top board and base plate, compensation by thermistor is inserted, at the upper surface installation position displacement sensor of top board, connect top board low-temperature circulating pipeline and base plate low-temperature circulating pipeline, reconnect the water supply installation of base plate, supply water and get rid of bubble in base plate, last connecting circuit completes the assembling of joint test device;
Four, open constant temperature oven, the temperature in setting constant temperature oven is 20 DEG C, and the temperature regulating top board low temperature recirculating bath and base plate low temperature recirculating bath is 20 DEG C, completes initial temperature and regulates;
Five, by water supply installation from bottom to top to water filling in sample box, make the water surface exceed soil body sample 5mm, when displacement transducer stable reading, record the initial reading z of now displacement transducer
0=40.04mm;
Six, displacement meter reading z during 43.8h is recorded
t=45.38mm, calculates without load expansivity by following formula (I);
Wherein δ
ewhen-the time is t without load expansivity (%);
H
0the height (mm) of-soil body sample;
Seven, the temperature in regulating constant incubator is 1 DEG C, and the temperature regulating top board low temperature recirculating bath and base plate low temperature recirculating bath is 1 DEG C, and constant temperature to soil body sample reaches 1 DEG C, completes frost heave initial temperature and regulates;
Eight, top board temperature is adjusted to-15 DEG C, keeps 0.5h, and then top board temperature is adjusted to-2 DEG C, the temperature of soil body sample is declined with the speed of 0.3 DEG C/h, after continuing 72h, records displacement meter reading z '
t=52.02mm;
Nine, soil body sample is taken out from sample box, measure the depth of freezing H of soil body sample
f=100mm, calculates total frost heaving amount △ h=z '
t-z
t, then calculate frozen-heave factor by following formula (II), complete soil expansion frost heave joint test;
Wherein η-frozen-heave factor (%);
△ h-total frost heaving amount (mm).
Sample box described in the present embodiment is the organic glass cylinder of external diameter 12cm, height 15cm, wall thickness 1cm.The all sides of organic glass cylinder are provided with the patchhole inserted for pin type compensation by thermistor every 1cm.The structure of roof and floor can provide constant temperature liquid to circulate and external source feed channel make plate surface temperature even.Described data acquisition system (DAS) is Intelligent programmable data acquisition unit, can be connected, realize real-time data acquisition with main control computer, temperature sensor with displacement transducer.The temperature of the soil body sample described in step 7 declines with the speed of 0.3 DEG C/h, and this rate of temperature fall is according to the programmed control of main control computer.The present embodiment step 8 is when the temperature of soil body sample declines with the speed of 0.3 DEG C/h, and the gentle baseplate temp of case is 1 DEG C.
The present embodiment soil sample used is picked up from the north, Fuyu County, Heilongjiang Province and is drawn tender trunk canal 38 km, according to test figure frozen-heave factor η=6.64% that the present invention obtains, can judge according to JGJ118-2011, and adopting test method of the present invention to obtain soil sample is strong swelling soil.As the testing standard GBT50123-1999 by common soil, when other controlled conditions are identical, finally obtaining body frost heaving amount is 4.56mm, frozen-heave factor η=4.56%, judges that soil sample is swelling soil.
But according to on-the-spot field inspection, this section of channel maximum frozen-heave factor in winter is 6.5%.Compare according to measured data and test figure, can draw, the accuracy of test method of the present invention is higher.
Test method of the present invention fully takes into account the special nature of swelled ground, and after soil sample fully satisfies water expansion, carry out frost heave test again, the data obtained is actual closer to engineering, more accurate to the frost heaving characteristic understanding of swelled ground.
Claims (5)
1. soil expansion frost heave joint test device, it is characterized in that this soil expansion frost heave joint test device comprises constant temperature oven (1), top board low temperature recirculating bath (11), base plate low temperature recirculating bath (12), sample box (9), top board (6), multiple compensation by thermistor (7), displacement transducer (8), water supply installation (2), data acquisition system (DAS) (3) and main control computer (4), wherein sample box (9) is plexiglass cylinder, top board low temperature recirculating bath (11) and base plate low temperature recirculating bath (12) is provided with in the bottom of constant temperature oven (1), sample box (9) is placed on the base plate (5) in constant temperature oven (1), top board (6) is placed to sample box (9) top and is connected by the outlet of conduit (61) with top board low temperature recirculating bath (11), base plate (5) bottom sample box is connected by the outlet of conduit (51) with base plate low temperature recirculating bath (12), at the sidewall of sample box (9), top board (6) and base plate (5) are all inserted with compensation by thermistor (7), the top of top board (6) is provided with displacement transducer (8), the lower surface of base plate (5) connects water supply installation (2) by water pipe (21), compensation by thermistor (7) is connected respectively to the signal input part of data acquisition system (DAS) (3) with the signal output part of displacement transducer (8), the signal output part of data acquisition system (DAS) (3) connects main control computer (4).
2. soil expansion frost heave joint test device according to claim 1, is characterized in that compensation by thermistor (7) inserts sample box (9) along the radial direction of sample box (9).
3. soil expansion frost heave joint test device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that on the sidewall of sample box (9), be inserted with multiple compensation by thermistor (7), adjacent two compensations by thermistor along sample box (9) axial direction be spaced apart 1cm.
4. soil expansion frost heave joint test method, is characterized in that soil expansion frost heave joint test method follows these steps to realize:
One, will test earth material loads in test box, uses pressing machine that the soil body is compressing, obtains soil body sample;
Two, on base plate, lay permeable stone and filter paper, put into the soil body sample that step one obtains, then put filter paper and permeable stone again at the upper surface of soil body sample, add lid top panel, complete the dress sample of soil body sample;
Three, on the sidewall of sample box, top board and base plate, compensation by thermistor is inserted, installation position displacement sensor above top board, connect top board low-temperature circulating pipeline and base plate low-temperature circulating pipeline, reconnect the water supply installation of base plate, supply water and get rid of bubble in base plate, last connecting circuit completes the assembling of joint test device;
Four, open constant temperature oven, the temperature in setting constant temperature oven is 20 DEG C, and the temperature regulating top board low temperature recirculating bath and base plate low temperature recirculating bath is 20 DEG C, completes initial temperature and regulates;
Five, by water supply installation from bottom to top to water filling in sample box, make the water surface exceed soil body sample 5mm, when displacement transducer stable reading, the initial reading z of recorded bit displacement sensor
0mm;
Six, displacement transducer reading z sometime in during 24 ~ 48h is recorded
tmm, calculates without load expansivity by following formula (I);
Wherein δ
ewhen-the time is t without load expansivity %;
H
0the height mm of-soil body sample;
Seven, the temperature in regulating constant incubator is 1 DEG C, and the temperature regulating top board low temperature recirculating bath and base plate low temperature recirculating bath is 1 DEG C, and constant temperature to soil body sample reaches 1 DEG C, completes frost heave initial temperature and regulates;
Eight, top board temperature is adjusted to-15 DEG C, keeps 0.5h, and then top board temperature is adjusted to-2 DEG C, the temperature of soil body sample is declined with the speed of 0.3 DEG C/h, after continuing 72h, records displacement transducer reading z
t' mm;
Nine, soil body sample is taken out from sample box, measure the depth of freezing H of soil body sample
fmm, calculates total frost heaving amount Δ h=z
t'-z
t, then calculate frozen-heave factor by following formula (II), complete soil expansion frost heave joint test;
Wherein η-frozen-heave factor %;
Δ h-total frost heaving amount mm.
5. soil expansion frost heave joint test method according to claim 4, is characterized in that the density of step one soil body sample is 1.5g/cm
3~ 1.7g/cm
3.
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| CN101551373B (en) * | 2009-05-25 | 2012-12-26 | 黑龙江省水利科学研究院 | Frozen soil mechanics model test device |
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| CN202486124U (en) * | 2010-09-10 | 2012-10-10 | 香港科技大学 | Comprehensive tester for unsaturated soil controlled by humidity and osmotic suction |
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