CN103776984A - Joint test device and method for expansion and frost heaving of soil body - Google Patents

Joint test device and method for expansion and frost heaving of soil body Download PDF

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CN103776984A
CN103776984A CN201410062316.3A CN201410062316A CN103776984A CN 103776984 A CN103776984 A CN 103776984A CN 201410062316 A CN201410062316 A CN 201410062316A CN 103776984 A CN103776984 A CN 103776984A
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temperature
base plate
soil body
sample
top board
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CN103776984B (en
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徐丽丽
张滨
刘丽佳
李兆宇
孙景路
曲祥民
陶琦
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HEILONGJIANG PROV WATER CONSERVANCY SCIENCE INST
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HEILONGJIANG PROV WATER CONSERVANCY SCIENCE INST
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Abstract

The invention discloses a joint test device and method for expansion and frost heaving of a soil body, relates to the field of property tests of the soil bodies, and particularly relates to a device and method for a joint test of expansion rate and frost-heaving ratio of expansive soil, aiming at solving the problem of an inaccurate test aiming at the expansion characteristics of the traditional expansive soil. A sample box in the test device is arranged on a bottom plate of an incubator; a top plate and the bottom plate of an upper surface and a lower surface of the sample box are respectively connected with a low-temperature circulating bath; displacement sensors are arranged above the top plate; the bottom plate is also connected with a water supply device; each sensor is connected with a data collection system. The test method disclosed by the invention comprises the following steps: firstly, calculating zero-load expansion rate of a soil body sample through a change of a reading number of each displacement sensor, and then reducing the temperature of the top plate; freezing the soil body sample; and calculating the frost-heaving ratio of the soil body through the reading numbers of the displacement sensors. The frost-heaving ratio data obtained by the test is closer to that of engineering practice, and cognition on the frost heaving characteristics of the expansive soil is more accurate.

Description

Soil expansion frost heave joint test device and method of testing
Technical field
The present invention relates to soil mass property field tests, specifically relate to device and the method for testing of a kind of expansivity for swelled ground and frozen-heave factor joint test.
Background technology
Swelled ground is a kind of high-ductility cohesive soil with expansion texture and many fissurities, strong swell-shrink characteristic and strength retrogression's property, is also typical unsaturated soil.Swelled ground distribution range is wider, larger to the harm of engineering construction, and control is difficulty comparatively.At present, the research of swelled ground has been become to one of important research direction of current Geotechnical Engineering, recent domestic scholar is many to the research of swelled ground, and research focuses mostly on aspect the expansion characteristics of the soil body.
At present, the frost heaving characteristic test of carrying out for swelled ground both at home and abroad, employing remain the frost heave test method that is applicable to common soil, and do not consider the swell increment of the soil body, this just causes the inaccurate of test findings.Inventor once repeatedly carried out test, attempt adopting two kinds of methods to contrast, experiment results proved, the current test of swelled ground frost heave imperfection, there is relatively large deviation in result of calculation, cause the engineering properties of swelled ground to be grasped inaccurate, not comprehensive, thereby engineering design is had a negative impact.
Summary of the invention
To the object of the invention is existingly to test inaccurate problem for swelled ground expansion characteristics in order solving, and soil expansion frost heave joint test device and method of testing to be provided.
Soil expansion frost heave joint test device of the present invention comprises constant temperature oven, top board low temperature recirculating bath, base plate low temperature recirculating bath, sample box, top board, multiple compensations by thermistor, displacement transducer, water supply installation, data acquisition system (DAS) and main control computer, wherein sample box is organic glass cylinder, be provided with top board low temperature recirculating bath and base plate low temperature recirculating bath in the bottom of constant temperature oven, sample box is placed on the base plate in constant temperature oven, top board is placed to sample box top and is connected with the outlet of top board low temperature recirculating bath by conduit, the base plate of sample box bottom is connected with the outlet of base plate low temperature recirculating bath by conduit, at the sidewall of sample box, on top board and base plate, be all inserted with compensation by thermistor, the top of top board is provided with displacement transducer, the lower surface of base plate connects water supply installation by water pipe, the signal output part of compensation by thermistor and displacement transducer is connected respectively to the signal input part of data acquisition system (DAS), the signal output part of data acquisition system (DAS) connects main control computer.
Soil expansion frost heave joint test method of the present invention follows these steps to realize:
One, test earth material is packed in test box, working pressure machine is compressing by the soil body, obtains soil body sample;
Two, on base plate, lay permeable stone and filter paper, put into the soil body sample that step 1 obtains, then put again filter paper and permeable stone at the upper surface of soil body sample, add lid top panel, complete the dress sample of soil body sample;
Three, on sidewall, top board and the base plate of sample box, insert compensation by thermistor, installation position displacement sensor above top board, connect top board low-temperature circulating pipeline and base plate low-temperature circulating pipeline, reconnect the water supply installation of base plate, supply water and get rid of bubble in base plate, last connecting circuit completes the assembling of joint test device;
Four, open constant temperature oven, the temperature of setting in constant temperature oven is 20 ℃, and regulating the temperature of top board low temperature recirculating bath and base plate low temperature recirculating bath is 20 ℃, completes initial temperature and regulates;
Five, by water supply installation from bottom to top to water filling in sample box, make the water surface exceed soil body sample 5mm, in the time of displacement transducer stable reading, the initial reading z of recorded bit displacement sensor 0(mm);
Six, the displacement transducer reading z of certain arbitrary time in record 24~48h t(mm), calculate without load expansivity by following formula (I);
δ e = z t - z 0 h 0 × 100 - - - ( I )
Wherein δ ewhen-the time is t without load expansivity (%);
H 0the height (mm) of-soil body sample;
Seven, the temperature in regulating constant incubator is 1 ℃, and regulating the temperature of top board low temperature recirculating bath and base plate low temperature recirculating bath is 1 ℃, and constant temperature to soil body sample reaches 1 ℃, completes frost heave initial temperature and regulates;
Eight, top board temperature is adjusted to-15 ℃, keeps 0.5h, and then top board temperature is adjusted to-2 ℃, the temperature of soil body sample is declined with the speed of 0.3 ℃/h, continue to record displacement transducer reading z ' after 72h t(mm);
Nine, soil body sample is taken out from sample box, measure the depth of freezing H of soil body sample f(mm), calculate total frost heaving amount △ h=z ' t-z t, then calculate frozen-heave factor by following formula (II), complete soil expansion frost heave joint test;
η = Δh H f × 100 - - - ( II )
Wherein η-frozen-heave factor (%);
△ h-total frost heaving amount (mm).
Soil expansion frost heave joint test device of the present invention comprises temperature control system, water charging system, data acquisition system (DAS) and main control computer.Wherein said temperature control system is made up of low temperature recirculating bath, constant temperature oven and temperature controller, the interior environment of the required case of testing experiment and top, baseplate temp are provided, adopt soil body sample and top, baseplate temp and the variation of case temperature in pin type compensation by thermistor, data collecting instrument monitoring test process for temperature monitoring.And DEFORMATION MONITORING SYSTEM adopts the deflection of soil sample in displacement transducer, data collecting instrument monitoring test process.
Utilize soil expansion frost heave joint test device of the present invention and method of testing can consider swelling property and the frost heave of swelled ground simultaneously, test to swelled ground is comprehensive, after reaching maximum swelling amount, swelled ground carries out again frost heave test simultaneously, can obtain more accurately the frost heaving characteristic of swelled ground, improve the accuracy rate of test.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of soil expansion frost heave joint test device of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment one: present embodiment soil expansion frost heave joint test device comprises constant temperature oven 1, top board low temperature recirculating bath 11, base plate low temperature recirculating bath 12, sample box 9, top board 6, multiple compensations by thermistor 7, displacement transducer 8, water supply installation 2, data acquisition system (DAS) 3 and main control computer 4, wherein sample box 9 is organic glass cylinder, be provided with top board low temperature recirculating bath 11 and base plate low temperature recirculating bath 12 in the bottom of constant temperature oven 1, sample box 9 is placed on the base plate 5 in constant temperature oven, top board 6 is placed to sample box 9 tops and is connected with the outlet of top board low temperature recirculating bath by conduit 61, the base plate 5 of sample box bottom is connected with the outlet of base plate low temperature recirculating bath 12 by conduit 51, at the sidewall of sample box 9, on top board 6 and base plate 5, be all inserted with compensation by thermistor 7, the top of top board 6 is provided with displacement transducer 8, the lower surface of base plate 5 connects water supply installation 2 by water pipe 21, the signal output part of compensation by thermistor 7 and displacement transducer 8 is connected respectively to the signal input part of data acquisition system (DAS) 3, the signal output part of data acquisition system (DAS) 3 connects main control computer 4.
Constant temperature oven in present embodiment soil expansion frost heave joint test device is connected with compensation by thermistor, and by environment temperature in temperature controller regulation box, the base plate in constant temperature oven is porous disc, in order to the water in water supply installation is filled in sample box.
Water charging system in present embodiment soil expansion frost heave joint test device is connected with base plate by plastic tube by the water supply installation of constant water level, water level in water supply installation should be lower than top board and soil sample surface of contact 1cm, should notice that the variation of water level is to carry out moisturizing to water supply installation in time in process of the test.
Embodiment two: what present embodiment was different from embodiment one is that compensation by thermistor 7 inserts sample box 9 along the radial direction of sample box 9.Other device is identical with embodiment one.
Embodiment three: what present embodiment was different from embodiment one or two is to be inserted with multiple compensations by thermistor 7 on the sidewall of sample box 9, adjacent two compensations by thermistor are along the 1cm that is spaced apart of the axial direction of sample box 9.Other device is identical with embodiment one or two.
Embodiment four: present embodiment soil expansion frost heave joint test method follows these steps to realize:
One, test earth material is packed in test box, working pressure machine is compressing by the soil body, obtains soil body sample;
Two, on base plate, lay permeable stone and filter paper, put into the soil body sample that step 1 obtains, then put again filter paper and permeable stone at the upper surface of soil body sample, add lid top panel, complete the dress sample of soil body sample;
Three, on sidewall, top board and the base plate of sample box, insert compensation by thermistor, at the upper surface installation position of top board displacement sensor, connect top board low-temperature circulating pipeline and base plate low-temperature circulating pipeline, reconnect the water supply installation of base plate, supply water and get rid of bubble in base plate, last connecting circuit completes the assembling of joint test device;
Four, open constant temperature oven, the temperature of setting in constant temperature oven is 20 ℃, and regulating the temperature of top board low temperature recirculating bath and base plate low temperature recirculating bath is 20 ℃, completes initial temperature and regulates;
Five, by water supply installation from bottom to top to water filling in sample box, make the water surface exceed soil body sample 5mm, in the time of displacement transducer stable reading, the initial reading z of recorded bit displacement sensor 0(mm);
Six, the displacement transducer reading z of arbitrary time during record 24~48h t(mm), calculate without load expansivity by following formula (I);
δ e = z t - z 0 h 0 × 100 - - - ( I )
Wherein δ ewhen-the time is t without load expansivity (%);
H 0the height (mm) of-soil body sample;
Seven, the temperature in regulating constant incubator is 1 ℃, and regulating the temperature of top board low temperature recirculating bath and base plate low temperature recirculating bath is 1 ℃, and constant temperature to soil body sample reaches 1 ℃, completes frost heave initial temperature and regulates;
Eight, top board temperature is adjusted to-15 ℃, keeps 0.5h, and then top board temperature is adjusted to-2 ℃, the temperature of soil body sample is declined with the speed of 0.3 ℃/h, continue to record displacement transducer reading z ' after 72h t(mm);
Nine, soil body sample is taken out from sample box, measure the depth of freezing H of soil body sample f(mm), calculate total frost heaving amount △ h=z ' t-z t, then calculate frozen-heave factor by following formula (II), complete soil expansion frost heave joint test;
η = Δh H f × 100 - - - ( II )
Wherein η-frozen-heave factor (%);
△ h-total frost heaving amount (mm).
Displacement transducer stable reading described in present embodiment step 5 refers to after water filling every 2h displacement sensor reading once, until twice reading difference while being no more than 0.01mm, represents to expand stable.
Embodiment five: the density of what present embodiment was different from embodiment four is step 1 soil body sample is 1.5g/cm 3~1.7g/cm 3.Other step and parameter are identical with embodiment four.
Embodiment mono-: the method that the present embodiment adopts the soil expansion frost heave joint test device described in embodiment one to carry out joint test follows these steps to realize:
One, 1256g is tested to earth material and pack in test box, it is 10cm that working pressure machine is pressed into high by the soil body, and what diameter was 10cm is cylindrical, obtains soil body sample;
Two, on base plate, lay permeable stone and filter paper, put into the soil body sample that step 1 obtains, then put again filter paper and permeable stone at the upper surface of soil body sample, add lid top panel, complete the dress sample of soil body sample;
Three, on sidewall, top board and the base plate of sample box, insert compensation by thermistor, at the upper surface installation position of top board displacement sensor, connect top board low-temperature circulating pipeline and base plate low-temperature circulating pipeline, reconnect the water supply installation of base plate, supply water and get rid of bubble in base plate, last connecting circuit completes the assembling of joint test device;
Four, open constant temperature oven, the temperature of setting in constant temperature oven is 20 ℃, and regulating the temperature of top board low temperature recirculating bath and base plate low temperature recirculating bath is 20 ℃, completes initial temperature and regulates;
Five, by water supply installation from bottom to top to water filling in sample box, make the water surface exceed soil body sample 5mm, in the time of displacement transducer stable reading, record the now initial reading z of displacement transducer 0=40.04mm;
Six, the displacement meter reading z while recording 43.8h t=45.38mm, calculates without load expansivity by following formula (I);
δ e = z t - z 0 h 0 × 100 - - - ( I )
Wherein δ ewhen-the time is t without load expansivity (%);
H 0the height (mm) of-soil body sample;
Seven, the temperature in regulating constant incubator is 1 ℃, and regulating the temperature of top board low temperature recirculating bath and base plate low temperature recirculating bath is 1 ℃, and constant temperature to soil body sample reaches 1 ℃, completes frost heave initial temperature and regulates;
Eight, top board temperature is adjusted to-15 ℃, keeps 0.5h, and then top board temperature is adjusted to-2 ℃, the temperature of soil body sample is declined with the speed of 0.3 ℃/h, continue to record displacement meter reading z ' after 72h t=52.02mm;
Nine, soil body sample is taken out from sample box, measure the depth of freezing H of soil body sample f=100mm, calculates total frost heaving amount △ h=z ' t-z t, then calculate frozen-heave factor by following formula (II), complete soil expansion frost heave joint test;
η = Δh H f × 100 - - - ( II )
Wherein η-frozen-heave factor (%);
△ h-total frost heaving amount (mm).
Sample box described in the present embodiment is the organic glass cylinder of external diameter 12cm, height 15cm, wall thickness 1cm.The all sides of organic glass cylinder are provided with the patchhole inserting for pin type compensation by thermistor every 1cm.The structure of roof and floor can provide the circulation of constant temperature liquid and extraneous water recharging passage and make plate surface temperature even.Described data acquisition system (DAS) is Intelligent programmable data acquisition unit, can be connected with main control computer, temperature sensor and displacement transducer, realizes real-time data acquisition.The temperature of the soil body sample described in step 7 declines with the speed of 0.3 ℃/h, and this rate of temperature fall is according to the programmed control of main control computer.The present embodiment step 8 is in the time that the temperature of soil body sample declines with the speed of 0.3 ℃/h, and the gentle baseplate temp of case is 1 ℃.
The present embodiment soil sample used is picked up from the north, Fuyu County, Heilongjiang Province and is drawn tender trunk canal 38 kms, and test figure frozen-heave factor η=6.64% obtaining according to the present invention, can judge according to JGJ118-2011, and adopting test method of the present invention to obtain soil sample is strong swelling soil.As pressed the testing standard GBT50123-1999 of common soil, in the situation that other controlled conditions are identical, finally obtaining body frost heaving amount is 4.56mm, and frozen-heave factor η=4.56% judges that soil sample is swelling soil.
But according to on-the-spot field inspection, this section of channel maximum frozen-heave factor in winter is 6.5%.Compare according to measured data and test figure, can draw, the accuracy of test method of the present invention is higher.
Test method of the present invention fully takes into account the special nature of swelled ground, after soil sample is fully satisfied water expansion, carries out frost heave test again, and the data obtained is approaches engineering reality more, more accurate to the frost heaving characteristic understanding of swelled ground.

Claims (5)

1. soil expansion frost heave joint test device, it is characterized in that this soil expansion frost heave joint test device comprises constant temperature oven (1), top board low temperature recirculating bath (11), base plate low temperature recirculating bath (12), sample box (9), top board (6), multiple compensations by thermistor (7), displacement transducer (8), water supply installation (2), data acquisition system (DAS) (3) and main control computer (4), wherein sample box (9) is organic glass cylinder, be provided with top board low temperature recirculating bath (11) and base plate low temperature recirculating bath (12) in the bottom of constant temperature oven (1), sample box (9) is placed on the base plate (5) in constant temperature oven (1), top board (6) is placed to sample box (9) top and is connected with the outlet of top board low temperature recirculating bath (11) by conduit (61), the base plate (5) of sample box bottom is connected with the outlet of base plate low temperature recirculating bath (12) by conduit (51), at the sidewall of sample box (9), on top board (6) and base plate (5), be all inserted with compensation by thermistor (7), the top of top board (6) is provided with displacement transducer (8), the lower surface of base plate (5) connects water supply installation (2) by water pipe (21), the signal output part of compensation by thermistor (7) and displacement transducer (8) is connected respectively to the signal input part of data acquisition system (DAS) (3), the signal output part of data acquisition system (DAS) (3) connects main control computer (4).
2. soil expansion frost heave joint test device according to claim 1, is characterized in that compensation by thermistor (7) inserts sample box (9) along the radial direction of sample box (9).
3. soil expansion frost heave joint test device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that being inserted with multiple compensations by thermistor (7) on the sidewall of sample box (9), adjacent two compensations by thermistor are along the 1cm that is spaced apart of the axial direction of sample box (9).
4. soil expansion frost heave joint test method, is characterized in that soil expansion frost heave joint test method follows these steps to realize:
One, test earth material is packed in test box, working pressure machine is compressing by the soil body, obtains soil body sample;
Two, on base plate, lay permeable stone and filter paper, put into the soil body sample that step 1 obtains, then put again filter paper and permeable stone at the upper surface of soil body sample, add lid top panel, complete the dress sample of soil body sample;
Three, on sidewall, top board and the base plate of sample box, insert compensation by thermistor, installation position displacement sensor above top board, connect top board low-temperature circulating pipeline and base plate low-temperature circulating pipeline, reconnect the water supply installation of base plate, supply water and get rid of bubble in base plate, last connecting circuit completes the assembling of joint test device;
Four, open constant temperature oven, the temperature of setting in constant temperature oven is 20 ℃, and regulating the temperature of top board low temperature recirculating bath and base plate low temperature recirculating bath is 20 ℃, completes initial temperature and regulates;
Five, by water supply installation from bottom to top to water filling in sample box, make the water surface exceed soil body sample 5mm, in the time of displacement transducer stable reading, the initial reading z of recorded bit displacement sensor 0(mm);
Six, displacement transducer reading z sometime in during record 24~48h t(mm), calculate without load expansivity by following formula (I);
δ e = z t - z 0 h 0 × 100 - - - ( I )
Wherein δ ewhen-the time is t without load expansivity (%);
H 0the height (mm) of-soil body sample;
Seven, the temperature in regulating constant incubator is 1 ℃, and regulating the temperature of top board low temperature recirculating bath and base plate low temperature recirculating bath is 1 ℃, and constant temperature to soil body sample reaches 1 ℃, completes frost heave initial temperature and regulates;
Eight, top board temperature is adjusted to-15 ℃, keeps 0.5h, and then top board temperature is adjusted to-2 ℃, the temperature of soil body sample is declined with the speed of 0.3 ℃/h, continue to record displacement transducer reading z ' after 72h t(mm);
Nine, soil body sample is taken out from sample box, measure the depth of freezing H of soil body sample f(mm), calculate total frost heaving amount △ h=z ' t-z t, then calculate frozen-heave factor by following formula (II), complete soil expansion frost heave joint test;
η = Δh H f × 100 - - - ( II )
Wherein η-frozen-heave factor (%);
△ h-total frost heaving amount (mm).
5. soil expansion frost heave joint test method according to claim 1, the density that it is characterized in that step 1 soil body sample is 1.5g/cm 3~1.7g/cm 3.
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