CN102565307B - Tester and testing method for variable pressure and variable temperature accelerated corrosion - Google Patents
Tester and testing method for variable pressure and variable temperature accelerated corrosion Download PDFInfo
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- CN102565307B CN102565307B CN201210015023.0A CN201210015023A CN102565307B CN 102565307 B CN102565307 B CN 102565307B CN 201210015023 A CN201210015023 A CN 201210015023A CN 102565307 B CN102565307 B CN 102565307B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a tester and a testing method for variable pressure and variable temperature accelerated corrosion, and aims to provide a tester and a testing method for variable pressure and variable temperature accelerated corrosion, so that a corrosion variation rule of calcium ions is mastered in real time, and effective scientific basis is supplied to reinforced support. The technical scheme is that: the tester comprises an acid-resisting and pressure-resisting container and a tail water device, and is characterized in that: two confining pressure plates are symmetrically arranged in the acid-resisting and pressure-resisting container, so that a closed confining pressure bin is formed; a force transmission rod I and a confining pressure servo are connected to one side of each confining pressure plate, which is away from a test piece; after the test piece is arranged, an axial pressure bin is formed; a water permeation gasket is arranged in the axial pressure bin; a force transmission rod II and an axial pressure server are sequentially connected to one side of the water permeation gasket, which is away from the test piece; the confining pressure bin and the axial pressure bin are respectively connected with a glass container through glass guide tubes; a high pressure pump, a temperature controller and a check valve are arranged on the glass guide tubes respectively; and a pressure gauge is arranged on the axial pressure bin. The tester is suitable for underground engineering such as hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering, traffic, mining and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to test apparatus and test method thereof that a kind of pressure and temperature varying accelerates corrosion, be mainly applicable to the underground workss such as Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering, traffic, mine.
Background technology
Be built in the hypogee of karst Project Areas, as deep cavern etc., on the one hand due to top or the construction of side direction secondary, in transformation process, cause the change of local pressure, on the other hand owing to contacting with corrosive water, and when water body is from earth's surface, and seepage flow approach is shorter again, and its temperature is easy to be subject to ectocine, summer in winter alternately, just formed a kind of external condition of pressure and temperature varying, karst region country rock is owing to contacting with seepage inflow erosion water, the loss of its calcium ion, cause the decay of its mechanical property, cause that country rock is aging.Infiltration water not only weakens the Rock And Soil intensity of (comprising artificial material) gradually by changing composition (being mainly calcium ion), structure and proterties, and finally affect by changing Penetration Signature, seepage configuration and the stress state of Rock And Soil the stability that build Project Areas, thereby also have influence on the normal performance of building function, shorten the service life of building, can directly threaten the safety of people's life and property.General this class engineering construction need to be on active service decades or longer, so, under pressure and temperature varying condition, calcium ion is with under the multiple action such as pressure, temperature and time, variation characteristic there is no effective Quantitative evaluation, and engineering construction Rock And Soil is under this kind of condition, the project durability characteristic after corrosion decades is also unpredictable.Tradition triaxial test instrument is confined to investigate in the engineering mechanics proterties, reasonable design parameter of Rock And Soil mostly, is accelerated on dissolved corrosion test actually rare and be used in alternating temperature transformation.The structure of traditional instrument as illustrated in fig. 1 and 2, is made up of three parts: Part I is main frame 100, comprises compression chamber 101 and vertical stress application system; Part II is confined pressure system 102; Part III is hole pressing system 103.When test, sample is wrapped on the base that rubber membrane is built in compression chamber 101, by confined pressure system 102, sample is applied to uniform pressure; Apply axial stress by transmission rod 104; Measure pore water pressure by hole pressing system 103.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: provide a kind of pressure and temperature varying to accelerate test apparatus and the test method thereof of corrosion for the problem of above-mentioned existence, in Project Areas, carbonate formation under pressure and temperature varying condition, adopt the method for accelerating corrosion, on the one hand by the variation of infiltration water water quality, Dissolution Characteristics and the speed thereof of research Rock And Soil, to grasp in real time the corrosion Changing Pattern of calcium ion, be on the other hand accurately grasp engineering characteristic that karst region building is on active service after the several years according to time variation characteristic, for reinforce support provides more effective scientific basis, and provide foundation and data for follow-up physical mechanics test.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is: pressure and temperature varying accelerates the test apparatus of corrosion, comprise acidproof pressure vessel, and the tail water device being communicated with its water delivering orifice, it is characterized in that: in described acidproof pressure vessel, be arranged symmetrically with two blocks of confined pressure plates that contact and can slide with acidproof pressure vessel inner wall sealing therein, form one for placing the airtight confined pressure storehouse of sample, each confined pressure plate connects successively transmission rod I away from sample one side and is positioned at the confined pressure servomechanism of acidproof pressure vessel outside; After sample places, form above it an airtight axial compression storehouse, arrange a permeable pad in this axial compression storehouse, this permeable pad connects successively transmission rod II away from sample one side and is positioned at the axial compression servomechanism of acidproof pressure vessel outside; Described confined pressure storehouse is connected by grass tube the glass container that test water is housed respectively with axial compression storehouse, and on grass tube, is separately installed with high-pressure pump and temperature controller, and described grass tube and confined pressure storehouse connectivity part are provided for the retaining valve that prevents that in storehouse, water refluxes; Described axial compression storehouse is provided with the tensimeter with its internal communication.
Described tail water device comprises the water output duct being communicated with acidproof pressure vessel water delivering orifice, and is positioned at the tail water collection container of this water output duct water side, and calcium ion detector is housed on described water output duct, and the probe stretching in water output duct is set on this detector.
Described test apparatus also comprises the testing table of a hollow, and described acidproof pressure vessel is positioned over the upper surface of testing table, and tail water device is positioned in the cavity of testing table.
On described grass tube, flow instrument is installed.
Pressure and temperature varying accelerates dissolved corrosion test method, it is characterized in that step is as follows:
A, get acidulous water containing carbonic acid as test water, choose right cylinder core is subjects simultaneously, and obtains test sample with dust and the impurity on distilled water washed samples surface;
B, sample is placed in drying baker and is dried after 24 hours, claim its weight, be denoted as W
1, unit: mg, surface area is denoted as S, unit: cm
2;
C, that step b gained sample is put into confined pressure storehouse is fixing, and injects acidulous water in axial compression storehouse and confined pressure storehouse, and sample is fully contacted with acidulous water, it is applied to axial compression σ simultaneously
1with confined pressure σ
2, σ
3, control its original pressure σ
1=σ
2=σ
3for 10Mpa, acidulous water hydraulic pressure is 10Mpa, and in water temperature and storehouse, confined pressure storehouse, temperature is 10 DEG C; Every 2 hours, axial compression and confined pressure are promoted to 5Mpa, the 5Mpa of acidulous water hydraulic pressure rising simultaneously, in water temperature and storehouse, confined pressure storehouse, temperature raises 2 DEG C, until axial compression and confined pressure rise to 55Mpa, acidulous water hydraulic pressure also rises to 55Mpa, in water temperature and storehouse, confined pressure storehouse, temperature rises to 28 DEG C, and keeps this state 2 hours; Meanwhile, utilize calcium ion detector real-time dynamic monitoring and the concentration M that records calcium ion in tail water, unit: mg/L, and at interval of TDS and the conductivity of within 15 minutes, measuring tail water under different condition;
D, sample is taken out in confined pressure storehouse, and put into drying baker and dry 24 hours, sweep off floating dust, then weigh, show that the weight after corrosion experiment is denoted as W
2, unit: mg;
E, utilize following formula to calculate,
Sample quality corrosion amount Δ W=W
1-W
2unit: mg
Sample average quality erosion rate V=Δ W/20 unit: mg/h
Avg. area of sample erosion rate μ=Δ W/S unit: mg/cm
2
In conjunction with calcium ion concentration M curve over time, taking 2 hours as the time interval, calculate the rate of change of calcium ion M under different confined pressures and different temperatures.
In described steps d, sample is put into before drying baker, first the sample taking out is placed in to the airless environment 2 hours of 25 DEG C of temperature in confined pressure storehouse, make its surperficial moisture evaporation.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention arranges axial compression servomechanism and confined pressure servomechanism, apply axial compression and confined pressure by the transmission rod being attached thereto to sample respectively, karst water contacts completely with sample simultaneously, and participate in physical-chemical reaction, and the pressure and temp of this karst water is adjustable, can simulate more really the corrosion situation of karst region country rock, thereby ensure the reliability of test findings; In tail water conduit, arrange calcium ion dynamic monitoring meter, by the variation of infiltration water water quality, Dissolution Characteristics and the speed thereof of research Rock And Soil, to grasp in real time the corrosion Changing Pattern of calcium ion; Can, according to tail water measurement data, obtain the erosion rate of sample, pass judgment on Rock And Soil or buildings in the stability of drafting in Years Of Service, to determine whether carrying out reinforcement processing to it, for ensureing that engineering stability provides scientific basis simultaneously.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural drawing of test apparatus in background technology of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the vertical view of Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the structural drawing of test apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the vertical view of Fig. 3.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 3, Figure 4, the present embodiment is to be undergone technological transformation and formed by the triaxial test instrument to traditional, concrete structure comprises the testing table 1 of a hollow, be positioned over the acidproof pressure vessel 17 of this testing table upper surface, and being positioned over the tail water device in testing table 1 cavity, this tail water device is communicated with by penetration mode with the water delivering orifice of acidproof pressure vessel 17.In described acidproof pressure vessel 17, be arranged symmetrically with two blocks of confined pressure plates 19 that contact and can slide with acidproof pressure vessel 17 inner wall sealings therein, form one for placing the airtight confined pressure storehouse 10 of sample 7, each confined pressure plate 19 connects successively transmission rod I20 away from sample 7 one sides and is positioned at the confined pressure servomechanism 9 of acidproof pressure vessel 17 outsides; When test, confined pressure servomechanism 9 is worked and by transmission rod I20, power is passed to confined pressure plate 19, realizes and applies confined pressure to sample 7.After placing, sample 7 forms above it an airtight axial compression storehouse 21 (this axial compression storehouse not being communicated with mutually by sample is installed with confined pressure storehouse), in this axial compression storehouse, arrange that a permeable pad 18 (is rigid metal pad, be evenly distributed with Process, on the one hand can transmitter shaft power, on the other hand can be permeable), this permeable pad connects successively transmission rod II 13 away from sample 7 one sides and is positioned at the axial compression servomechanism 8 of acidproof pressure vessel 17 outsides; When test, axial compression servomechanism 8 is worked and by transmission rod II 13, power is passed to permeable pad 18, realizes and applies axial compression to sample 7.Described confined pressure storehouse 10 is connected and test water is housed (for real simulation field condition by grass tube 16 respectively with axial compression storehouse 21, the general acidulous water that contains carbonic acid that adopts, there is aggressivity and corrosivity) glass container 2, and on grass tube 16, be separately installed with high-pressure pump 3 and (there is acid resistance, for to acidulous water pressurization) and temperature controller 5 (there is acid resistance, for controlling the temperature of acidulous water), described grass tube 16 arranges retaining valve 15 with confined pressure storehouse 10 connectivity parts, to prevent that the liquid in confined pressure storehouse 10 from being pushed back grass tube 16, cause the backflow of reaction solution, described axial compression storehouse 21 is provided with the tensimeter 6 with its internal communication, for showing intuitively the pressure of acidulous water.
On described grass tube 16, flow instrument 4 is also installed, can records on the one hand the flow velocity of fluid, also can play on the other hand the effect of monitoring, if flow increases suddenly, should stop test, check the integrality of sample, to prevent the generation of hydraulic fracture.
Described tail water device comprises the water output duct 22 being communicated with acidproof pressure vessel 17 water delivering orifices, and be positioned at the tail water collection container 12 of this water output duct water side, calcium ion detector 11 (for recording current calcium ion content) is housed on described water output duct 22, probe 14 (the acid resistance wire stretching in water output duct 22 is set on this detector, be under the jurisdiction of calcium ion detector), to facilitate, the calcium ion in tail water is carried out to real-time Monitoring on Dynamic Change.
In this example, high-pressure pump 3, flow instrument 4 and temperature controller 5 are arranged on grass tube 16 successively along the water (flow) direction of acidulous water; Acidulous water just becomes the fluid with certain flow rate and pressure after high-pressure pump 3, and high-pressure pump 3 can be set in test different power at any time according to demand, regulates different hydraulic pressure to facilitate; When acidulous water process flow instrument 4, can record the flow velocity of fluid, monitor uninterrupted simultaneously; The high-velocity flow temperature controller 5 of flowing through, can, according to concrete testing requirements, be converted into the fluid with uniform temperature, and temperature controller 5 can regulate easily through the temperature of fluid wherein, constantly regulates temperature variation to facilitate in test; Last acidulous water, in grass tube 16 enters respectively axial compression storehouse 21 and confined pressure storehouse 10, fully contacts with sample 7, then by axial compression servomechanism 8 and confined pressure servomechanism 9, sample is applied to axial compression and confined pressure respectively; In process of the test, acidulous water contacts concurrent raw related physical, chemical reaction with sample 7, participates in reacted solution and flows to tail water collection container 12 through water output duct 22, during this period, implements dynamic monitoring again by the calcium ion detector 11 with probe 14.
Utilize the step that test unit is tested described in the present embodiment as follows:
A, get the carbonic acid that concentration is higher, prepare and obtain test acidulous water according to finite concentration (0.020～0.033mol/L), choose right cylinder core is subjects simultaneously, and cleans its surperficial dust and impurity with distilled water and obtain test sample 7;
B, sample 7 is placed in drying baker (85 DEG C～90 DEG C) and is dried after 24 hours, claim its weight, be denoted as W
1, unit: mg; Surface area is denoted as S, unit: cm
2;
C, that step b gained sample 7 is put into confined pressure storehouse 10 is fixing, and to axial compression storehouse 21 and confined pressure storehouse 10 interior implantation step a gained acidulous water, sample 7 is fully contacted with acidulous water, it is applied to axial compression σ simultaneously
1with confined pressure σ
2, σ
3, control its original pressure σ
1=σ
2=σ
3for 10Mpa, acidulous water hydraulic pressure is 10Mpa, and in water temperature and 10 storehouses, confined pressure storehouse, temperature is 10 DEG C; Every 2 hours, axial compression and confined pressure are promoted to 5Mpa, the 5Mpa of acidulous water hydraulic pressure rising simultaneously, in water temperature and 10 storehouses, confined pressure storehouse, temperature raises 2 DEG C, until axial compression and confined pressure rise to 55Mpa, acidulous water hydraulic pressure also rises to 55Mpa, and in water temperature and 10 storehouses, confined pressure storehouse, temperature rises to 28 DEG C, and keep this state 2 hours, whole process of the test continues 20 hours; Meanwhile, the variation that utilizes calcium ion detector 11 real-time dynamic monitorings and record calcium ion in tail water, is designated as M, unit: mg/L; And at interval of the TDS (total dissolved solid of measuring tail water under different condition for 15 minutes, the mg/L of unit) and conductivity (the μ s/cm of unit), TDS curve, conductivity curve and calcium ion concentration M curve over time over time over time drawn respectively;
D, by sample from the interior taking-up in confined pressure storehouse 10, be placed in the airless environment 2 hours of 25 DEG C of temperature, make its surperficial moisture evaporation, then putting into drying baker (85 DEG C～90 DEG C) dries 24 hours, sweep off floating dust, adopt per mille scales/electronic balance weighing, show that the weight after corrosion experiment is denoted as W
2, unit: mg;
E, ask for other desired parameters according to following formula:
Sample quality corrosion amount Δ W=W
1-W
2unit: mg
In formula: Δ W is corrosion amount, W
1for testing the quality of front sample, W
2for testing the quality of rear sample;
Sample average quality erosion rate V=Δ W/20 unit: mg/h
In formula: V is sample average erosion rate, h is the time, unit hour;
Avg. area of sample erosion rate μ=Δ W/S unit: mg/cm
2;
In conjunction with the calcium ion concentration M curve over time of drawing out, taking 2 hours as the time interval, calculate the rate of change of calcium ion M under different confined pressures, and the rate of change of calcium ion M under different temperatures.
Claims (4)
1. one kind adopts pressure and temperature varying to accelerate the method that dissolved corrosion test instrument is tested, this test apparatus comprises acidproof pressure vessel (17), and the tail water device being communicated with its water delivering orifice, in described acidproof pressure vessel (17), being arranged symmetrically with two contacts with acidproof pressure vessel (17) inner wall sealing, and the confined pressure plate (19) that can slide therein, form one for placing the airtight confined pressure storehouse (10) of sample (7), each confined pressure plate (19) connects successively transmission rod I (20) away from sample (7) one sides and is positioned at the outside confined pressure servomechanism (9) of acidproof pressure vessel (17), after placing, sample (7) forms above it an airtight axial compression storehouse (21), in this axial compression storehouse, arrange a permeable pad (18), this permeable pad connects successively transmission rod II (13) away from sample (7) one sides and is positioned at the outside axial compression servomechanism (8) of acidproof pressure vessel (17), described confined pressure storehouse (10) is connected by grass tube (16) glass container (2) that test water is housed respectively with axial compression storehouse (21), and on grass tube (16), be separately installed with high-pressure pump (3) and temperature controller (5), described grass tube (16) is provided for confined pressure storehouse (10) connectivity part the retaining valve (15) that prevents that in storehouse, water refluxes, described axial compression storehouse (21) is provided with the tensimeter (6) with its internal communication,
Described tail water device comprises the water output duct (22) being communicated with acidproof pressure vessel (17) water delivering orifice, and be positioned at the tail water collection container (12) of this water output duct water side, calcium ion detector (11) is housed on described water output duct (22), the probe (14) stretching in water output duct (22) is set on this detector;
It is characterized in that this method step is as follows:
A, get acidulous water containing carbonic acid as test water, choose right cylinder core is subjects simultaneously, and obtains test sample with dust and the impurity on distilled water washed samples surface;
B, sample is placed in drying baker and is dried after 24 hours, claim its weight, be denoted as
w 1 , unit: mg, surface area is denoted as S, unit: cm
2;
C, that step b gained sample is put into confined pressure storehouse (10) is fixing, and to injection acidulous water in axial compression storehouse (21) and confined pressure storehouse (10), sample is fully contacted with acidulous water, it is applied to axial compression simultaneously
and confined pressure
,
, control its original pressure
=
for 10Mpa, acidulous water hydraulic pressure is 10Mpa, and in water temperature and storehouse, confined pressure storehouse (10), temperature is 10 DEG C; Every 2 hours, axial compression and confined pressure are promoted to 5Mpa, the 5Mpa of acidulous water hydraulic pressure rising simultaneously, in water temperature and storehouse, confined pressure storehouse (10), temperature raises 2 DEG C, until axial compression and confined pressure rise to 55Mpa, acidulous water hydraulic pressure also rises to 55Mpa, and in water temperature and storehouse, confined pressure storehouse (10), temperature rises to 28 DEG C, and keeps this state 2 hours; Meanwhile, utilize calcium ion detector real-time dynamic monitoring and the concentration that records calcium ion in tail water
m, unit: mg/L, and at interval of TDS and the conductivity of within 15 minutes, measuring tail water under different condition;
D, by sample from taking out in confined pressure storehouse (10), and put into drying baker and dry 24 hours, sweep off floating dust, then weigh, show that the weight after corrosion is tested is denoted as
w 2 , unit: mg;
E, utilize following formula to calculate,
Sample quality corrosion amount
△ W=W 1 – W 2 unit: mg
Sample average quality erosion rate
v=
△ W/20unit: mg/h
Avg. area of sample erosion rate
μ=
△ W/s unit: mg/cm
2
In conjunction with calcium ion concentration
mcurve over time, taking 2 hours as the time interval, calculates calcium ion under different confined pressures and different temperatures
mrate of change.
2. test method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in described steps d, sample is put into before drying baker, first, by be placed in the airless environment 2 hours of 25 DEG C of temperature from the sample taking out in confined pressure storehouse (10), made its surperficial moisture evaporation.
3. test method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described test apparatus also comprises the testing table (1) of a hollow, described acidproof pressure vessel (17) is positioned over the upper surface of testing table (1), and tail water device is positioned in the cavity of testing table (1).
4. test method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: flow instrument (4) is installed on described grass tube (16).
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| CN102565307B true CN102565307B (en) | 2014-12-10 |
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| CN109884281B (en) * | 2019-04-12 | 2023-12-01 | 中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所 | Test device for on-line monitoring carbonate corrosion |
| CN110208128B (en) * | 2019-07-08 | 2024-02-20 | 中铁十一局集团第五工程有限公司 | Rock dynamic and static water environment and drying simulation comprehensive test system |
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