CN204789158U - Triaxial test device of many field couplings of unsaturated soil - Google Patents
Triaxial test device of many field couplings of unsaturated soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN204789158U CN204789158U CN201520505811.7U CN201520505811U CN204789158U CN 204789158 U CN204789158 U CN 204789158U CN 201520505811 U CN201520505811 U CN 201520505811U CN 204789158 U CN204789158 U CN 204789158U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a triaxial test device of many field couplings of unsaturated soil relates to the soil test field under the environmental load. This test device is: be provided with the soil sample in the triaxial cell, the confined pressure is applyed / is personally experienced sth. Part of the body and becomes that monitor cell, axle power apply the unit, matrix suction is applyed unit, temperature control unit, chemical solution circulation infiltration unit and axial displacement measuring unit and is connected with the triaxial cell respectively / communicates, the data acquisition unit is applyed with the confined pressure respectively / is personally experienced sth. Part of the body and becomes that monitor cell, axle power apply the unit, matrix suction is applyed unit, temperature control unit (5), chemical solution circulation infiltration unit and axial displacement measuring unit and is connected. The utility model is suitable for an unsaturated soil takes off moisture absorption, consolidation, undrained shear and drainage shear test under different chemical actions, different temperatures, realize the jointly survey of unsaturated soil's temperature, water conservancy, mechanics and chemical coupling action.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to the soil test field under environmental load, particularly relates to a kind of Triaxial tester of unsaturated soil multi-scenarios method.
The unsaturated soil multi-scenarios method that the utility model relates to refers to the temperature of unsaturated soil, waterpower, mechanics and chemical coupling effect, the mechanics under the chemical load actions such as the salt solusion of unsaturated soil under variable concentrations, weak acid and weak base and hydraulic experiment can be realized, and the impact of temperature can be considered.Relate to nuke rubbish and seal the temperature of bentonitic clay under long service, waterpower, mechanics and chemical coupling effect in process up for safekeeping, and change the concentration of pore solution and the change of component caused due to natural conditions, and then change the intensity of the soil body and deformation characteristic etc.
Background technology
Under environmental load (as power effect, seepage flow, temperature and electrochemical conditions change etc.) effect, soil body mesoporosity solution is except content can change, its concentration and component also can change, interaction force between pore water pressure and soil particle is changed, thus causes the soil body to occur complicated chemistry and Coupling with Mechanics effect.Such as in refuse landfill, due to the migration of various solute, the concentration of pore solution and component are changed, and then change the structure, strength and deformation characteristic etc. of the soil body, very easily cause the sedimentation of landfill yard or cave in.In Nuclear Waste Repository operation process, near field electrochemical conditions is very complicated.Under diffusion kernel radiation heat and subsurface wastewater infiltration system effect, bentonitic clay suffers long-term drying and watering cycle, causes ground water chemistry concentration repeatedly to change, thus causes the change of the critical natures such as infiltration and mechanical stability.Therefore, when analyzing the Important Project problem such as Surrounding Nuclear Waste Repositories disposal, Polluted Soil landfill, rainfall induced landslide, earth surface cracks, one of crucial problem is how effectively to describe the impact of the temperature of unsaturated soil, waterpower, mechanics and chemical coupling behavior.
At present, the research of temperature, waterpower, mechanics and chemical coupling behavior is mainly carried out both at home and abroad for saturated soil, and when relating to unsaturated soil, the research of this respect is less, mainly because comparatively difficulty is implemented in the test of unsaturated soil at temperature and chemical load, and lack comparatively ripe testing equipment.At present about the testing equipment of unsaturated soil, mainly for matric suction control technology, and body change measuring technique is developed, and cannot complete the mechanics of the unsaturated soil under temperature and chemical load action and the mensuration of waterpower behavior.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is just the shortcoming and defect overcoming prior art existence, provides a kind of Triaxial tester of unsaturated soil multi-scenarios method.
The purpose of this utility model is achieved in that
One, the Triaxial tester (abbreviation test unit) of unsaturated soil multi-scenarios method
This pilot system comprises triaxial cell, confined pressure applying/body becomes monitoring means, axle power applying unit, matric suction applying unit, temperature control unit, chemical solution circulation permeation unit, axial displacement measuring unit and data acquisition unit;
Its annexation is:
Triaxial pressure indoor are provided with soil sample;
Confined pressure applying/body change monitoring means, axle power applying unit, matric suction applying unit, temperature control unit, chemical solution circulation permeation unit are connected with triaxial cell respectively with axial displacement measuring unit/are communicated with, and realize every load soil sample being applied to setting;
Data acquisition unit applies with confined pressure respectively/and body becomes monitoring means, axle power applying unit, matric suction applying unit, temperature control unit, chemical solution circulation permeation unit and axial displacement measuring unit and is connected, and realizes the collection of every data.
The principle of work of this test unit:
Chemical solution circulation permeation unit, adopts seepage pressure/fixing fabric structure device and hole pressure/fixing fabric structure device to be placed in the two ends up and down of soil sample respectively, can control the penetration and replacement process of chemical solution in soil sample respectively by flow and pressure; When adopting flow control, chemical solution is with certain flow by soil sample, and in seepage pressure/fixing fabric structure device and hole this process of osmosis of pressure/fixing fabric structure device record, the pressure at the upper and lower two ends of soil sample changes; When adopting Stress control, namely control the pressure gradient at the upper and lower two ends of soil sample, chemical solution passes through soil sample under this pressure gradient, and the flow in Real-Time Monitoring process of osmosis; Hole pressure/fixing fabric structure the device wherein applying pore water pressure in the hole pressure/fixing fabric structure device of soil sample lower end and matric suction unit shares one.
Apply the confined pressure required for soil sample by confined pressure applying/body change monitoring means, and monitor the volume change situation of soil sample in process of the test, realized the Real-time Collection of data by data acquisition unit; This unit adopts confined pressure/fixing fabric structure device to be connected with the triaxial cell of soil sample, by applying pressure to the water in triaxial cell, thus realize confined pressure soil sample being applied to setting, and monitoring water inflow and outflow in controller in process of the test, thus inverse goes out the volume change of soil sample.
Regulate temperature by temperature control unit, carry out the chemical test of unsaturated soil under different temperatures, hydraulics test and mechanical test;
Be connected with the bottom of triaxial cell by axle power applying unit, axle power is applied to soil sample; This unit adopts strain controlling, and that is soil sample is sheared under the axial displacement loading velocity of setting, measures the axial force in loading procedure by axial dynamometer;
Controlled the matric suction of soil sample by matric suction applying unit, matric suction refers to the difference of soil sample mesoporosity atmospheric pressure and pore water pressure; Hole air pressure adopts air compressor machine to provide, and applies, utilize gas pressure regulator to carry out Stress control on soil sample top; Pore water pressure just refers to the pore water back-pressure of soil sample, is to adopt hole pressure/fixing fabric structure device to apply in soil sample bottom; Be connected with pottery clay plates bottom soil sample, be connected with hole pressure/fixing fabric structure device below pottery clay plates; Pottery clay plates is permeable air-locked, and therefore passing hole pressure/fixing fabric structure device applies pressure to the water in pottery clay plates thus realizes applying pore water back-pressure to soil sample.Wherein in the hole pressure/fixing fabric structure device of soil sample lower end and chemical solution circulation permeation unit, the hole pressure/fixing fabric structure device of soil sample lower end shares one;
Be connected with the top of triaxial cell by shaft position sensor, carried out the Real-time Collection of soil sample axial displacement in process of the test by data acquisition unit;
The real-time control of whole process implementation temperature, waterpower, mechanics and chemical load and measurement, the control of these four kinds effects is separate, can apply separately, also can apply simultaneously, therefore achieve the temperature to unsaturated soil, waterpower, mechanics and chemical coupling behavior various characteristics test.
Two, using method
This using method is the Triaxial tester based on above-mentioned unsaturated soil multi-scenarios method, comprises the following steps:
1. the preparation of soil sample and installation
Soil sample can adopt undisturbed or reinvent sample, is undertaken saturated by the pottery clay plates on triaxial cell's base.Then the soil sample prepared is inserted in rubber membrane, compacting is to get rid of the air in film slightly, be placed on saturated pottery clay plates together, the two ends up and down of rubber membrane (two ends up and down of soil sample are longer than at the upper and lower two ends of rubber membrane) are then tightened on the base of triaxial cell with on porous plate with elastic string by soil sample top placing porous plate respectively;
2. chemical solution is prepared
According to testing requirements, according to required concentration and component preparation chemical solution (comprising various salt solusion, weak acid, weak base etc.); Start the seepage pressure/fixing fabric structure device of chemical solution circulation permeation unit by chemical solution injecting controller;
3. test
The soil-water characteristic curve of unsaturated soil under a, mensuration different chemical solution, different temperatures, different confined pressure and axial compression;
B, the three axle drainings measuring unsaturated soil under different chemical solution, different temperatures, different substrates suction and confined pressure and undrained shear test;
C, mensuration chemical solution circulation change and the lower mechanics of unsaturated soil of temperature cycles change and the change of hydraulic characteristic;
Under d, different stress and matric suction effect, unsaturated soil is to sensitivity analysis that is chemical and temperature.
The utility model has the following advantages and good effect:
1. chemistry loads, temperature loads, mechanics and hydraulics load and can individually control, and the test routine according to setting is tested, and applies separately or applies simultaneously;
2. chemical solution circulation permeation unit, can make solution in soil sample, realize uniformly penetrating and distribution, and can load respectively by the mode controlling flow and pressure;
3. the desorption wet test of unsaturated soil, consolidation test, undrained shear test and drained shear test can be carried out respectively to same soil sample, and the simultaneous determination of the unsaturated soils theory character realized under different temperatures and different chemical effect and hydraulic properties;
4. the volume change of soil sample in process of the test and axial displacement can be measured by accurate measurement;
5. realize the Real-Time Monitoring of all test figures and automatically gather, not needing artificial reading on duty;
6. directly perceived, the structure of this device to test principle simple, without heavy equipment, cheap; And precision is high, good stability, be easy to operation, convenient disassembly, very high technical requirement is not had to installation testing personnel.
The utility model is applicable to that the desorption of unsaturated soil under different chemical effect, different temperatures is wet, consolidation, undrained shear and drained shear test, realize the simultaneous determination of the temperature of unsaturated soil, waterpower, mechanics and chemical coupling behavior.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the block diagram of this test unit;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of this test unit;
Fig. 3 is the vertical view of the base 1.6 of triaxial cell 1;
Fig. 4 is data acquisition unit block diagram.
In figure:
0-soil sample;
1-triaxial cell,
1.1-pressure chamber outer cover, 1.2-exhaust passage, 1.3-confined pressure duct,
1.4-chemical solution duct, 1.5-pottery clay plates, 1.6-base,
1.7-hole pore road, 1.8-pore water duct, 1.9-porous plate;
2-confined pressure applying/body becomes monitoring means,
2.1-confined pressure/fixing fabric structure device, 2.2-confined pressure valve;
3-axle power applying unit,
3.1-lifting table, 3.2-handwheel,
3.3-axial dynamometer, 3.4-testing machine;
4-matric suction applying unit,
4.1-gas pressure regulator, 4.2-air compressor machine, 4.3-hole air valve,
4.4-hole pressure/fixing fabric structure device, 4.5-pore water valve;
5-temperature control unit,
5.1-resistance wire, the cryostat of 5.2-cryogenic thermostat, 5.3-cryostat liquid circulation copper pipe,
5.4-temperature controller;
6-chemical solution circulation permeation unit,
6.1-seepage pressure/fixing fabric structure device, 6.2-chemical solution valve;
7-axial displacement measuring unit,
7.1-axial displacement dial gauge, 7.2-displacement surveymeter;
8-data acquisition unit,
8.1-confined pressure sensor, 8.2-flow sensor, 8.3-chemical solution pressure sensor,
8.4-chemical solution flow sensor, 8.5-axial force sensor, 8.6-pore air pressure sensor,
8.7-pore water pressure sensor, 8.8-pore water flow sensor, 8.9-temperature sensor,
8.10-shaft position sensor, 8.11-data collecting instrument, 8.12-computing machine.
Embodiment
Describe in detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples:
One, test unit
1, overall
As Fig. 1,2, this test unit comprises triaxial cell 1, confined pressure applying/body becomes monitoring means 2, axle power applying unit 3, matric suction applying unit 4, temperature control unit 5, chemical solution circulation permeation unit 6, axial displacement measuring unit 7 and data acquisition unit 8;
Its annexation is:
Soil sample 0 is provided with in triaxial cell 1;
Confined pressure applying/body change monitoring means 2, axle power applying unit 3, matric suction applying unit 4, temperature control unit 5, chemical solution circulation permeation unit 6 are connected with triaxial cell 1 respectively with axial displacement measuring unit 7/are communicated with, and realize every load soil sample 0 being applied to setting;
Particularly, confined pressure applying/body becomes monitoring means 2 and is connected with triaxial cell 1, soil sample 0 is applied to the confined pressure of setting, and the volume change of the real time measure soil sample 0;
Axle power applying unit 3 is connected with triaxial cell 1, soil sample 0 is applied to the axle power of setting;
Matric suction applying unit 4 is connected with triaxial cell 1, soil sample 0 is applied to the matric suction (setting pore air pressure and pore water pressure respectively) of setting, and record in soil sample the flow sucking or discharge solution, judge whether this grade matrix suction soil sample corresponding reaches equilibrium state simultaneously;
Temperature control unit 5 is connected with triaxial cell 1, soil sample 0 is applied to the temperature of setting;
Chemical solution circulation permeation unit 6 is connected with triaxial cell 1, soil sample 0 is applied to the chemical load of setting, and the change of the real time measure chemical infiltrates flow in process or the change of pressure;
Axial displacement measuring unit 7 is connected with triaxial cell 1, measures in real time the axial displacement in soil sample 0 process of the test;
Data acquisition unit 8 applies with confined pressure respectively/and body becomes monitoring means 2, axle power applying unit 3, matric suction applying unit 4, temperature control unit 5, chemical solution circulation permeation unit 6 and axial displacement measuring unit 7 and is connected, and realizes the collection of every data:
Particularly, data acquisition unit 8 and confined pressure applying/body become monitoring means 2 and are connected, and gather the confined pressure in soil sample 0 process of the test, and the volume change of Real-Time Monitoring soil sample 0;
Data acquisition unit 8 is connected with axle power applying unit 3, gathers the axle power in soil sample 0 process of the test;
Data acquisition unit 8 is connected with matric suction applying unit 4, gather the matric suction (gathering pore air pressure and pore water pressure respectively) in soil sample 0 process of the test, and the flow of Real-Time Monitoring soil sample 0 inflow and outflow solution, judge whether this grade matrix suction soil sample 0 corresponding reaches equilibrium state, calculates the water cut of soil sample 0 under this grade matrix suction simultaneously;
Data acquisition unit 8 is connected with temperature control unit 5, gathers the temperature in soil sample 0 process of the test;
Data acquisition unit 8 is connected with chemical solution circulation permeation unit 6, gathers the chemical load in soil sample 0 process of the test, the change of Real-Time Monitoring chemical infiltrates flow in process or the change of pressure;
Data acquisition unit 8 is connected with axial displacement measuring unit 7, gathers the axial displacement in soil sample 0 process of the test.
2, functional block
0) soil sample 0
Soil sample 0 adopts undisturbed or reinvents sample; Standard size for triaxial test soil sample: diameter 39.1cm is highly 8cm.
1) triaxial cell 1
As Fig. 1,2,3, described triaxial cell 1 comprises pressure chamber's outer cover 1.1, exhaust passage 1.2, confined pressure duct 1.3, chemical solution duct 1.4, pottery clay plates 1.5, base 1.6, hole pore road 1.7, pore water duct 1.8 and porous plate 1.9;
Its annexation is:
Pressure chamber's outer cover 1.1 is arranged on base 1.6, and pottery clay plates 1.5 is placed in the middle part of base 1.6, is placed with soil sample 0 on the top of pottery clay plates 1.5, and exhaust passage 1.2 is arranged on pressure chamber's outer cover 1.1 top, is used for the air of pressure release indoor;
Confined pressure duct 1.3 is arranged on (Fig. 3 upper left) on the edge of base 1.6, is used for applying confined pressure;
Chemical solution duct 1.4 is arranged on (under Fig. 3) on the edge of base 1.6, is connected with the porous plate 1.9 on soil sample 0 top, and the circulation for chemical solution is permeated;
Hole pore road 1.7 is arranged on (Fig. 3 upper right) on the edge of base 1.6, is connected with the porous plate 1.9 on soil sample 0 top, is used for applying air pressure to soil sample 0;
Pore water duct 1.8 to be arranged in base 1.6 in the heart (Fig. 3 center), and in the below of pottery clay plates 1.5, a function applies pore water pressure to soil sample 0, and another function is used to circulation infiltration soil sample 0 being carried out to chemical solution.
The function of triaxial cell 1 is:
Place soil sample 0, realize the test determination of soil sample 0 at Duo Chang (temperature, waterpower, mechanics and chemistry) coupled characteristic.
The principle of work of triaxial cell 1 is:
Soil sample 0 is placed on pottery clay plates 1.5, in triaxial cell 1, fills water, open exhaust passage 1.2 and be exhausted; Then the applying of pressure realization to soil sample 0 confined pressure is applied to water, and pass through the inflow and outflow of water in triaxial cell 1, and then the volume change of inverse soil sample 0 in process of the test.
2) confined pressure applying/body becomes monitoring means 2
As Fig. 1,2, described confined pressure applying/body becomes monitoring means 2 and comprises confined pressure/fixing fabric structure device 2.1 and confined pressure valve 2.2;
Its annexation is:
Confined pressure/fixing fabric structure device 2.1 is connected with confined pressure valve 2.2, and confined pressure valve 2.2 is connected with the confined pressure duct 1.3 of triaxial cell 1;
Confined pressure/fixing fabric structure device 2.1 is connected with data acquisition unit 8 by signal transmssion line, becomes gather the confined pressure of soil sample 0 in process of the test and body.
Confined pressure/fixing fabric structure device 2.1 is a kind of general parts, i.e. a kind of general hydraulic pressure source and volume changing measurement mechanism, and select GDS company to produce, model is: ELDPC;
Pressure limit: 0 ~ 1Mpa, pressure precision: 0.25%, pressure resolution: 1kPa;
Volume range: 0 ~ 200cc, volume accuracy: 0.4%, volume resolution: 1mm
3(0.001cc).
The function that confined pressure applying/body becomes monitoring means 2 is:
Required confined pressure is applied to soil sample 0, carries out the every test of unsaturated soil under different confined pressure, and the volume change of soil sample 0 in Real-Time Monitoring process of the test.
The principle of work that confined pressure applying/body becomes monitoring means 2 is:
Confined pressure/fixing fabric structure device 2.1 applies confined pressure according to the pressure of setting to the water in triaxial cell 1, and confined pressure valve 2.2 is used for controlling the inflow of water in triaxial cell 1 and confined pressure/fixing fabric structure device 2.1 and outflow; In process of the test, the flow of confined pressure/fixing fabric structure device 2.1 real time record water, and then the volume change calculating soil sample 0.
3) axle power applying unit 3
As Fig. 2, described axle power applying unit 3 comprises lifting table 3.1, handwheel 3.2, axial dynamometer 3.3 and testing machine 3.4;
Its annexation is:
From top to bottom, testing machine 3.4, lifting table 3.1, triaxial cell 1 are connected successively with axial dynamometer 3.3, apply axle power to soil sample 0;
Testing machine 3.4 is provided with handwheel 3.2, plays unloading effect;
Axial dynamometer 3.3 is connected with data acquisition unit 8 by signal transmssion line, gathers the axle power of soil sample 0 in process of the test;
Lifting table 3.1, handwheel 3.2, axial dynamometer 3.3 and testing machine 3.4 are general part.
The function of axle power applying unit 3 is:
Axle power is applied to soil sample 0, carries out three axle draining shearings under different chemical load, temperature, confined pressure and matric suction effect and undrained shear test.
The principle of work of axle power applying unit 3 is:
It is strain controlling formula that axle power applies, and drive lifting table 3.1 to rise by testing machine 3.4 with certain speed, the axial strain of soil sample 0 is increasing always, realizes the applying to soil sample 0 axial force, until soil sample 0 is destroyed; Obtained the axle force value applied by axial dynamometer 3.3, and by being connected with data acquisition unit 8, Real-time Collection is carried out to axle power.
4) matric suction applying unit 4
As Fig. 1,2, described matric suction applying unit 4 comprises gas pressure regulator 4.1, air compressor machine 4.2, hole air valve 4.3, hole pressure/fixing fabric structure device 4.4 and pore water valve 4.5;
Its annexation is:
Air compressor machine 4.2, gas pressure regulator 4.1 are connected successively with hole air valve 4.3, and hole air valve 4.3 is connected with the hole pore road 1.7 of triaxial cell 1, applies pore air pressure to soil sample 0;
Hole pressure/fixing fabric structure device 4.4 is connected with pore water valve 4.5, pore water valve 4.5 is connected with the pore water duct 1.8 of triaxial cell 1, pore water pressure is applied to soil sample 0, and monitor in soil sample 0 flow sucking or discharge pore solution simultaneously, and then draw the situation of change of soil sample 0 water cut;
Gas pressure regulator 4.1 is connected with data acquisition unit 8 by signal transmssion line with hole pressure/fixing fabric structure device 4.3, to the collection of pore air pressure, pore water pressure and the change of moisture content in soil sample 0 process of the test.
Hole pressure/fixing fabric structure device 4.4 is a kind of general parts, i.e. a kind of general hydraulic pressure source and volume change (stream
Amount) measurement mechanism; Select GDS company to produce, model is: ELDPC;
Pressure limit: 0 ~ 1Mpa, pressure precision: 0.25%, pressure resolution: 1kPa;
Volume range: 0 ~ 200cc, volume accuracy: 0.4%, volume resolution: 1mm
3(0.001cc).
The function of matric suction applying unit 4 is:
Soil sample 0 is applied to the matric suction of setting, carry out the triaxial test of unsaturated soil under given matric suction, and the quality that soil sample 0 sucked or discharged pore solution measured by passing hole pressure/fixing fabric structure device 4.4, and then inverse goes out soil sample 0 water cut corresponding under this grade matrix suction.
The principle of work of matric suction applying unit 4 is:
The matric suction of soil sample 0 refers to the difference of pore air pressure and pore water pressure, and this matric suction applying unit 4 by controlling the numerical value of pore air pressure and pore water pressure respectively, thus reaches and applies specific matric suction to soil sample 0; Pore air pressure applies on the top of soil sample 0, and pore water pressure applies in the bottom of soil sample 0; Under given matric suction effect, pore solution in soil sample 0 sucks or flows out in hole pressure/fixing fabric structure device 4.4 by pottery clay plates 1.5, hole this inflow of pressure/fixing fabric structure device 4.4 real time record or discharge, and then calculate the water cut of soil sample 0 under the matric suction of this setting.
5) temperature control unit 5
As Fig. 1,2, described temperature control unit 5 comprises resistance wire 5.1, cryogenic thermostat cryostat 5.2, cryostat liquid circulation copper pipe 5.3 and temperature controller 5.4;
Its annexation is:
Resistance wire 5.1 and cryostat liquid circulation copper pipe 5.3 are placed on the inwall of triaxial cell's outer cover 1.1 respectively, cryogenic thermostat cryostat 5.2 is connected with cryostat liquid circulation copper pipe 5.3, resistance wire 5.1 is connected with temperature controller 5.4 respectively with cryogenic thermostat cryostat 5.2, control temperature;
Temperature controller 5.4 is connected with data acquisition unit 8 by signal transmssion line, gathers the temperature of soil sample 0 in process of the test.
The function of temperature control unit 5 is:
Temperature required for setting, and keep constant temperature.
The principle of work of temperature control unit 5 is:
Carry out temperature control by the water in temperature control unit 5 pairs of triaxial cells 1, thus realize controlling the temperature of soil sample; The temperature that will reach is set by temperature controller 5.3, if the temperature of water is lower than setting value, the water fed back in built-in resistance wire 5.1 pairs of triaxial cells 1 heats, if the temperature of water is than setting value height, feeds back to cryogenic thermostat cryostat 5.2 and lower the temperature, and keep temperature constant.
6) chemical solution circulation permeation unit 6
As Fig. 1,2, described chemical solution circulation permeation unit 6 comprises seepage pressure/fixing fabric structure device 6.1 and chemical solution valve 6.2;
Its annexation is:
Seepage pressure/fixing fabric structure device 6.1 is connected with chemical solution valve 6.2, and chemical solution valve 6.2 is connected with the chemical solution duct 1.4 in triaxial cell 1;
Seepage pressure/fixing fabric structure device 6.1 is connected with data acquisition unit 8 by signal transmssion line, gathers the seepage pressure in soil sample 0 process of the test and flow.
Seepage pressure/fixing fabric structure device 6.1 is a kind of general parts, i.e. a kind of general hydraulic pressure source and volume change (flow) measurement mechanism, and select GDS company to produce, model is: ELDPC;
Pressure limit: 0 ~ 1Mpa, pressure precision: 0.25%, pressure resolution: 1kPa;
Volume range: 0 ~ 200cc, volume accuracy: 0.4%, volume resolution: 1mm
3(0.001cc).
The function of chemical solution circulation permeation unit 6 is:
Chemical load is applied to soil sample 0, namely the chemical solution of variable concentrations and component with certain speed or pressure permeation in soil sample 0, and original for soil sample 0 pore solution is cemented out, the desorption realizing soil sample 0 soil sample 0 under different chemical load, condition of different temperatures is wet, consolidation and shear test.
The principle of work of chemical solution circulation permeation unit 6 is:
Chemical solution circulation permeation unit 6 shares a hole with matric suction applying unit 4 and presses/fixing fabric structure device 4.4, the flow be used at the bottom of soil sample 0 applying pore water pressure or setting pore solution; The chemical solution prepared is full of in the seepage pressure/fixing fabric structure device 6.1 of chemical solution circulation permeation unit 6, set pressure or flow, open chemical solution valve 6.2, chemical solution penetrates into soil sample 0 according to the pressure of setting or flow from the top of soil sample 0; Open the pore water valve 4.5 of matric suction applying unit 4, then the original pore solution of soil sample 0 is out replaced, flow in the hole pressure/fixing fabric structure device 4.4 of matric suction applying unit 4; Repeat said process 3 times, the pore solution that soil sampling 0 flows out carries out chemical analysis, if composition is identical with the composition of chemical solution in seepage pressure/fixing fabric structure device 6.1, then completes replacement process; When adopting Stress control, this chemical solution circulation permeation unit 6 records the flow of chemical solution inflow/outflow soil sample 0; When adopting flow control, the pressure at record soil sample about 0 two ends.
7) axial displacement measuring unit 7
As Fig. 1,2, described axial displacement measuring unit 7 comprises axial displacement dial gauge 7.1 and displacement surveymeter 7.2;
Its annexation is:
Axial displacement dial gauge 7.1 is connected with the top of displacement surveymeter 7.2, displacement surveymeter 7.2 and triaxial cell 1 upper contact, axial displacement dial gauge 7.1 is connected with data acquisition unit 8 by signal transmssion line, gathers the axial displacement in soil sample 0 process of the test.
The function of axial displacement measuring unit 7 is:
Can soil sample 0 occurs in Real-Time Monitoring unsaturated soil testing process axial displacement.
8) data acquisition unit 8
As Fig. 1,2,4, described data acquisition unit 8 comprises confined pressure sensor 8.1, flow sensor 8.2, chemical solution pressure sensor 8.3, chemical solution flow sensor 8.4, axial force sensor 8.5, pore air pressure sensor 8.6, pore water pressure sensor 8.7, pore water flow sensor 8.8, temperature sensor 8.9, shaft position sensor 8.10, data collecting instrument 8.11 and computing machine 8.12;
Its annexation is:
Data collecting instrument 8.11 has 10 passages be connected with shaft position sensor 8.10 with confined pressure sensor 8.1, flow sensor 8.2, chemical solution pressure sensor 8.3, chemical solution flow sensor 8.4, axial force sensor 8.5, pore air pressure sensor 8.6, pore water pressure sensor 8.7, pore water flow sensor 8.8, temperature sensor 8.9 respectively, data collecting instrument 8.11 is connected with computing machine 8.12;
Confined pressure sensor 8.1 and flow sensor 8.2 are arranged at confined pressure applying/body and become on the confined pressure/fixing fabric structure device 2.1 of monitoring means 2;
Chemical solution pressure sensor 8.3 and chemical solution flow sensor 8.4 are arranged on the seepage pressure/fixing fabric structure device 6.1 of chemical solution circulation permeation unit 6;
Axial force sensor 8.5 is arranged on axial dynamometer 3.3;
Pore air pressure sensor 8.6 is arranged on gas pressure regulator 4.1;
Pore water pressure sensor 8.7 and pore water flow sensor 8.8 are arranged on the hole pressure/fixing fabric structure device 4.3 of matric suction applying unit 4;
Temperature sensor 8.9 is arranged on temperature controller 5.4;
Shaft position sensor 8.10 is arranged on axial displacement dial gauge 7.1;
The function of data acquisition unit 8 is:
Measured the flow of the water of confined pressure in triaxial cell 1 and inflow/outflow triaxial cell 1 by confined pressure sensor 8.1 and flow sensor 8.2, and then draw the volume change of soil sample 0;
Pressure through the chemical solution of soil sample 0 and flow is measured by chemical solution pressure sensor 8.3 and chemical solution flow sensor 8.4;
The axial force that soil sample 0 is real-time and axial displacement is drawn respectively by axial force sensor 8.5 and shaft position sensor 8.10;
The flow of the pore solution of the pore air pressure of soil sample 0, pore water pressure and turnover soil sample is measured by pore air pressure sensor 8.6, pore water pressure sensor 8.7 and pore water flow sensor 8.8;
The temperature in triaxial cell 1 is measured by temperature sensor 8.9.
(1) confined pressure sensor 8.1
Confined pressure sensor 8.1 is a kind of general parts, selects Senex company to produce, pressure limit: 0 ~ 1Mpa, precision: 0.1%.
Its function is: the confined pressure measuring soil sample 0.
(2) flow sensor 8.2
Flow sensor 8.2 is a kind of general parts, selects Ponolflow-VA, measurement range: 0 ~ 250ml, precision: 0.5%.
Its function is: inflow and the discharge of measuring water in triaxial cell 0, thus obtains the volume change in soil sample 0 process of the test.
(3) chemical solution pressure sensor 8.3
Chemical solution pressure sensor 8.3 is a kind of general parts, selects Senex company to produce, pressure limit: 0 ~ 1Mpa, precision: 0.1%.
Its function is: the pressure measuring soil sample 0 upper end chemical solution.
(4) chemical solution flow sensor 8.4
Chemical solution flow sensor 8.4 is a kind of general parts, selects Ponolflow-VA, measurement range: 0 ~ 250ml, precision: 0.5%.
Its function is: measure the flow velocity of soil sample 0 upper end solution, instantaneous delivery and integrated flux.
(5) axial force sensor 8.5
Axial force sensor 8.5 is a kind of general parts, and select KAP-S type pull pressure sensor, specification is: 5N ~ 50kN, and precision is: 0.5%.
Its function is: the axle power measuring soil sample 0.
(6) pore air pressure sensor 8.6
Pore air pressure sensor 8.6 is a kind of general parts, selects Senex company to produce, pressure limit: 0 ~ 2Mpa, precision: 0.1%.
Its function is: the pore air pressure measuring soil sample 0.
(7) pore water pressure sensor 8.7
Pore water pressure sensor 8.7 is a kind of general parts, selects Senex company to produce, pressure limit: 0 ~ 1Mpa, precision: 0.1%.
Its function is: the pressure measuring soil sample 0 lower end pore solution.
(8) pore water flow sensor 8.8
Pore water flow sensor 8.8 is a kind of general parts, selects Ponolflow-VA, measurement range: 0 ~ 250ml, precision: 0.5%.
Its function is: measure the flow velocity of soil sample 0 lower end solution, instantaneous delivery and integrated flux.
(9) temperature sensor 8.9
Temperature sensor 8.9 is a kind of general parts, selects Pt100 type platinum resistance (Beijing, Pt100/ φ 3), measurement range :-40 ~ 150 DEG C, precision: 0.5 DEG C.
Its function is: the temperature measuring soil sample 0.
(10) shaft position sensor 8.10
Shaft position sensor 8.10 is a kind of general parts, selects ZKL-W type displacement transducer (LVDT), range 0 ~ 800mm, and diameter is φ 8, and precision is 0.1%.
Its function is: the axial deformation of measuring soil sample 0 in process of the test.
(11) data collecting instrument 8.11
Data collecting instrument 8.11 is a kind of general parts, selects the TSW-3 that Nanjing produces.
Its function is: connecting sensor gathers data.
(12) computing machine 8.12
The hardware configuration of computing machine 8.12 is: Inteli3-4160CPU3.6GHZ; 4GB internal memory.
Its function is: export the data gathered.
two, using method
The present embodiment is for clay, and chemical solution adopts the NaCl solution of 0.1mol/L, and the process using the utility model to carry out the temperature of unsaturated soil, waterpower, mechanics and chemical coupling triaxial test is:
1. the preparation of soil sample and installation
Soil sample 0 can adopt undisturbed or reinvent sample, the standard size for triaxial test soil sample: diameter 39.1cm, is highly 8cm; Pottery clay plates 1.5 on triaxial cell 1 base 1.6 and pipeline are carried out saturated; Then the soil sample 0 prepared is inserted in rubber membrane, compacting is to get rid of the air in film slightly, be placed on saturated pottery clay plates 1.5 together, the two ends up and down of rubber membrane (two ends up and down of soil sample are longer than at the upper and lower two ends of rubber membrane) are then tightened on the base 1.6 of triaxial cell with on porous plate 1.9 with elastic string by soil sample 0 top placing porous plate 1.9 respectively; Then be fixed on base 1.6 by pressure chamber's outer cover 1.1, in triaxial cell 1, water filling is until be full of, and period opens vent 1.2 and gets rid of indoor air.When water is full of triaxial cell completely, close vent 1.2;
2. chemical solution is prepared
According to testing requirements, adopting distilled water and analyzing pure NaCl compound concentration is the NaCl solution of 0.1mol/l; Start the seepage pressure/fixing fabric structure device 6.1 of chemical solution circulation permeation unit 6 by chemical solution injecting controller;
3. test
The soil-water characteristic curve of unsaturated soil under a, mensuration different chemical solution, different temperatures, different confined pressure and axial compression
Start chemical solution circulation permeation unit 6, open chemical solution valve 6.2, start seepage pressure/fixing fabric structure device 6.1 and the chemical solution in controller is injected in soil sample 0 by the pressure set or flow value; Then open the pore water valve 4.5 of matric suction applying unit 4, actuating hole pressure/fixing fabric structure device 4.4, the pore solution in the soil sample 0 displaced by chemical solution flow in the hole pressure/fixing fabric structure device 4.4 of matric suction applying unit 4; Repeat said process 3 times, then get the chemical solution flowing out soil sample and carry out water analysis, when concentration is 0.1mol/l, namely think that the replacement process of chemical solution completes, then close chemical solution circulation permeation unit 6;
Required temperature is set, by confined pressure applying/body becomes monitoring means 2, axle power applying unit 3 applies setting confined pressure and axial compression by temperature control unit 5; Hole pressure/fixing fabric structure the device 4.4 of matric suction applying unit 4 is arranged required pore water pressure force value, then starts gas pressure regulator 4.1 and apply required pore air pressure value; Pore solution in soil sample 0 flows out in hole pressure/fixing fabric structure device 4.4 under the influence of air pressure, when discharge is constant, namely think under this grade matrix suction (pore air pressure deducts pore water pressure) effect, soil sample 0 reaches equilibrium state, is obtained the water cut of this grade matrix suction corresponding by the initial water content of soil sample 0 and discharge; Then apply next stage air pressure, repeat above-mentioned test, draw the dehumidification soil-water characteristic curve of unsaturated soil.When the matric suction of soil sample 0 is larger, reduce air pressure step by step, then soil sample 0 sucks chemical solution from hole pressure/fixing fabric structure device 4.4, draws moisture absorption soil-water characteristic curve; Repeat above-mentioned desorption wet test, then obtain the sweep trace in soil-water characteristic curve hysteresis circle.This equipment obtains the body change of soil sample 0 in whole process of the test by confined pressure applying/body change monitoring means 2 simultaneously;
Monitoring means 2 and axle power applying unit 3 is become by chemical solution circulation permeation unit 6, temperature control unit 5, confined pressure applying/body, set the chemical load of next stage, temperature, confined pressure and axial compression, repeat above-mentioned process of the test, draw the soil-water characteristic curve that soil sample 0 is complete under chemistry, temperature and Coupling with Mechanics effect.
B, the three axle drainings measuring unsaturated soil under different chemical solution, different temperatures, different substrates suction and confined pressure and undrained shear test
First similar with a test chemical load applying setting, after waiting chemical solution to replace, applies confined pressure and the temperature of setting; Then apply the matric suction set, when soil sample 0 is after this matric suction is issued to equilibrium state, carry out three axle draining and disdrainage tests of unsaturated soil;
Three axle not drainings of unsaturated soil are cut soon: when soil sample 0 reaches balance in confined pressure and matric suction, and axial displacement surveymeter 7.2 and triaxial cell 1 upper contact, displacement dial gauge 7.1 resets.Close pore water valve 4.5, then soil sample 0 not draining.Starting characteristics test machine 3.4, lifting table 3.1 rises, and carries out undrained quick shear test to soil sample 0; Shear strain rate, according to the setting of different soil properties, can refer to normal triaxial.Become monitoring means 2 by confined pressure applying/body and obtain the volume change of soil sample 0 in process of the test, measured the situation of change of process of the test Pore Pressure by the pore water pressure sensor 8.7 on the hole pressure/fixing fabric structure device 4.4 of matric suction applying unit 4; Become and pore water pressure by data acquisition unit 8 Real-time Collection axle power, axial displacement, body.Then apply next stage confined pressure, repeat process above, obtain the undrained shear strength curve of unsaturated soil under 4 confined pressures;
Three axle drained shear test of unsaturated soil: when soil sample 0 is issued to balance in the confined pressure set and matric suction effect, axial displacement surveymeter 7.2 and triaxial cell 1 upper contact, displacement dial gauge 7.1 resets.Starting characteristics test machine 3.4, lifting table 3.1 rises, and carries out drained shear test to soil sample 0.Shear strain rate, according to the setting of different soil properties, can refer to normal triaxial.Become monitoring means 2 by confined pressure applying/body and obtain the volume change of soil sample 0 in process of the test, measured suction and the discharge of soil sample 0 inner pore solution in process of the test by the pore water flow sensor 8.8 on the hole pressure/fixing fabric structure device 4.4 of matric suction applying unit 4; Become and the flow of soil sample 0 inner pore solution by data acquisition unit 8 Real-time Collection axle power, axial displacement, body; Then apply next stage confined pressure, repeat process above, obtain the draining shearing strength curve of unsaturated soil under 4 confined pressures;
By chemical solution circulation permeation unit 6, temperature control unit 5, matric suction applying unit 4, chemical load, temperature, the matric suction of setting next stage, repeat above-mentioned process of the test, obtain distortion and the strength characteristic of unsaturated soil under chemistry, temperature and hydraulic coupling action.
C, mensuration chemical solution circulation change and the lower mechanics of unsaturated soil of temperature cycles change and the change of hydraulic characteristic
Similar a test and b test, and at a constant temperature, soil sample 0 experiences the circulation change of chemical solution, then carries out soil-water characteristic curve test and triaxial shear test, measure the affecting laws of chemical load to unsaturated soils theory and hydraulic characteristic;
Similar a test and b test, and under constant chemical load action, soil sample 0 experiences the circulation change of temperature, then carries out soil-water characteristic curve test and triaxial shear test, measure the affecting laws of temperature to unsaturated soils theory and hydraulic characteristic;
Because temperature control unit 5 and chemical solution circulation permeation unit 6 can independently control, under therefore can realizing temperature and chemical load alternating action, the mechanics of unsaturated soil and the situation of change of hydraulic characteristic.
Chemosensitivity assays under d, different stress and matric suction effect
Similar a test and b test, soil sample 0, after the stress and matric suction load path of experience setting, applies chemical load, is then carrying out triaxial shear test, draw the Changing Pattern of intensity chemical action under different stress and matric suction effect.
This unit temp, waterpower, mechanics and chemical load all can independently control and apply, therefore can the above-mentioned four kinds of loads of combination in any, carry out the test of unsaturated soil temperature, waterpower, mechanics and chemical coupling behavioral trait.
Claims (9)
1. a Triaxial tester for unsaturated soil multi-scenarios method, is characterized in that:
Comprise triaxial cell (1), confined pressure applying/body becomes monitoring means (2), axle power applying unit (3), matric suction applying unit (4), temperature control unit (5), chemical solution circulation permeation unit (6), axial displacement measuring unit (7) and data acquisition unit (8);
Its annexation is:
Soil sample (0) is provided with in triaxial cell (1);
Confined pressure applying/body change monitoring means (2), axle power applying unit (3), matric suction applying unit (4), temperature control unit (5), chemical solution circulation permeation unit (6) are connected/are communicated with triaxial cell (1) with axial displacement measuring unit (7) respectively;
Data acquisition unit (8) applies with confined pressure respectively/and body becomes monitoring means (2), axle power applying unit (3), matric suction applying unit (4), temperature control unit (5), chemical solution circulation permeation unit (6) and axial displacement measuring unit (7) and is connected.
2., by the Triaxial tester of unsaturated soil multi-scenarios method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Described triaxial cell (1) comprises pressure chamber's outer cover (1.1), exhaust passage (1.2), confined pressure duct (1.3), chemical solution duct (1.4), pottery clay plates (1.5), base (1.6), hole pore road (1.7), pore water duct (1.8) and porous plate (1.9);
Its annexation is:
Pressure chamber's outer cover (1.1) is arranged on base (1.6), and pottery clay plates (1.5) is placed on base (1.6) middle part, and be placed with soil sample (0) on the top of pottery clay plates (1.5), exhaust passage (1.2) are arranged on pressure chamber's outer cover (1.1) top;
Confined pressure duct (1.3) is arranged on the edge of base (1.6);
Chemical solution duct (1.4) is arranged on the edge of base (1.6), is connected with the porous plate (1.9) on soil sample (0) top;
Hole pore road (1.7) is arranged on the edge of base (1.6), is connected with the porous plate (1.9) on soil sample (0) top;
Pore water duct (1.8) to be arranged in base (1.6) in the heart.
3., by the Triaxial tester of unsaturated soil multi-scenarios method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Described confined pressure applying/body becomes monitoring means (2) and comprises confined pressure/fixing fabric structure device (2.1) and confined pressure valve (2.2);
Its annexation is:
Confined pressure/fixing fabric structure device (2.1) is connected with confined pressure valve (2.2), and confined pressure valve (2.2) is connected with the confined pressure duct (1.3) of triaxial cell (1);
Confined pressure/fixing fabric structure device (2.1) is connected with data acquisition unit (8) by signal transmssion line.
4., by the Triaxial tester of unsaturated soil multi-scenarios method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Described axle power applying unit (3) comprises lifting table (3.1), handwheel (3.2), axial dynamometer (3.3) and testing machine (3.4);
Its annexation is:
From top to bottom, testing machine (3.4), lifting table (3.1), triaxial cell (1) are connected successively with axial dynamometer (3.3);
Testing machine (3.4) is provided with handwheel (3.2);
Axial dynamometer (3.3) is connected with data acquisition unit (8) by signal transmssion line.
5., by the Triaxial tester of unsaturated soil multi-scenarios method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Described matric suction applying unit (4) comprises gas pressure regulator (4.1), air compressor machine (4.2), hole air valve (4.3), hole pressure/fixing fabric structure device (4.4) and pore water valve (4.5);
Its annexation is:
Air compressor machine (4.2), gas pressure regulator (4.1) are connected successively with hole air valve (4.3), and hole air valve (4.3) is connected with the hole pore road (1.7) of triaxial cell (1);
Hole pressure/fixing fabric structure device (4.4) is connected with pore water valve (4.5), and pore water valve (4.5) is connected with the pore water duct (1.8) of triaxial cell (1);
Gas pressure regulator (4.1) is connected with data acquisition unit (8) by signal transmssion line with hole pressure/fixing fabric structure device (4.3).
6., by the Triaxial tester of unsaturated soil multi-scenarios method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Described temperature control unit (5) comprises resistance wire (5.1), cryogenic thermostat cryostat (5.2), cryostat liquid circulation copper pipe (5.3) and temperature controller (5.4);
Its annexation is:
Resistance wire (5.1) and cryostat liquid circulation copper pipe (5.3) are placed on the inwall of triaxial cell's outer cover (1.1) respectively, cryogenic thermostat cryostat (5.2) is connected with cryostat liquid circulation copper pipe (5.3), and resistance wire (5.1) is connected with temperature controller (5.4) respectively with cryogenic thermostat cryostat (5.2);
Temperature controller (5.4) is connected with data acquisition unit (8) by signal transmssion line.
7., by the Triaxial tester of unsaturated soil multi-scenarios method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Described chemical solution circulation permeation unit (6) comprises seepage pressure/fixing fabric structure device (6.1) and chemical solution valve (6.2);
Its annexation is:
Seepage pressure/fixing fabric structure device (6.1) is connected with chemical solution valve (6.2), and chemical solution valve (6.2) is connected with the chemical solution duct (1.4) in triaxial cell (1);
Seepage pressure/fixing fabric structure device (6.1) is connected with data acquisition unit (8) by signal transmssion line.
8., by the Triaxial tester of unsaturated soil multi-scenarios method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Described axial displacement measuring unit (7) comprises axial displacement dial gauge (7.1) and displacement surveymeter (7.2);
Its annexation is:
Axial displacement dial gauge (7.1) is connected with the top of displacement surveymeter (7.2), and displacement surveymeter (7.2) and triaxial cell (1) upper contact, axial displacement dial gauge (7.1) is connected with data acquisition unit (8) by signal transmssion line.
9., by the Triaxial tester of unsaturated soil multi-scenarios method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Described data acquisition unit (8) comprises confined pressure sensor (8.1), flow sensor (8.2), chemical solution pressure sensor (8.3), chemical solution flow sensor (8.4), axial force sensor (8.5), pore air pressure sensor (8.6), pore water pressure sensor (8.7), pore water flow sensor (8.8), temperature sensor (8.9), shaft position sensor (8.10), data collecting instrument (8.11) and computing machine (8.12);
Its annexation is:
Data collecting instrument (8.11) has 10 passages be connected with shaft position sensor (8.10) with confined pressure sensor (8.1), flow sensor (8.2), chemical solution pressure sensor (8.3), chemical solution flow sensor (8.4), axial force sensor (8.5), pore air pressure sensor (8.6), pore water pressure sensor (8.7), pore water flow sensor (8.8), temperature sensor (8.9) respectively, data collecting instrument (8.11) is connected with computing machine (8.12);
Confined pressure sensor (8.1) and flow sensor (8.2) are arranged at confined pressure applying/body and become on the confined pressure/fixing fabric structure device (2.1) of monitoring means (2);
Chemical solution pressure sensor (8.3) and chemical solution flow sensor (8.4) are arranged on the seepage pressure/fixing fabric structure device (6.1) of chemical solution circulation permeation unit (6);
Axial force sensor (8.5) is arranged on axial dynamometer (3.3);
Pore air pressure sensor (8.6) is arranged on gas pressure regulator (4.1);
Pore water pressure sensor (8.7) and pore water flow sensor (8.8) are arranged on hole pressure/fixing fabric structure device (4.3) of matric suction applying unit (4);
Temperature sensor (8.9) is arranged on temperature controller (5.4);
Shaft position sensor (8.10) is arranged on axial displacement dial gauge (7.1).
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