CN102706728B - Multifunctional unsaturated soil triaxial test device capable of circularly applying suction and method thereof - Google Patents
Multifunctional unsaturated soil triaxial test device capable of circularly applying suction and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102706728B CN102706728B CN201210158293.7A CN201210158293A CN102706728B CN 102706728 B CN102706728 B CN 102706728B CN 201210158293 A CN201210158293 A CN 201210158293A CN 102706728 B CN102706728 B CN 102706728B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multifunctional unsaturated soil triaxial test device capable of circularly applying suction and a method of the device, relating to the field of soil tests. The test device is an improvement of the conventional saturated soil triaxial test device, a confining pressure unit, an axial force applying unit and an axial displacement measuring unit are kept, and a suction applying unit, a temperature control unit, two pressure chambers, a differential pressure transducer, a reference tube and a data acquisition unit are provided. The test method comprises the following steps: at first, placing a saturated remolded soil sample or an undisturbed soil sample into a triaxial pressure chamber, and applying the suction in the pressure chamber so as to enter into an unsaturated stage; and then carrying out a shear test on the unsaturated soil by applying confining pressure so as to obtain deformation curves under different suctions and confining pressures and intensity parameters of the unsaturated soil. The multifunctional unsaturated soil triaxial test device capable of circularly applying the suction and the method are suitable for moisture removal and absorption, solidification, un-drained shear and drained shear tests of the unsaturated soil under different temperatures, and the intensity tests under different hydraulic powder paths are realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to soil test field, relate in particular to a kind of multifunctional circulation and apply unsaturated soil Triaxial tester and the method thereof of suction.
Background technology
In vast arid and semi-arid lands, major part is all unsaturated soil; And a large amount of geologic hazards is relevant with unsaturated soil.Because experimental technique and the theoretical level of unsaturated soil can not show a candle to saturated soil maturation, in order to simplify, present analysis problems normally adopts saturated soil theory.Along with researchist is more and more deep to the understanding of unsaturated soil, adopt the theoretical solution of unsaturated soil problems more reasonable.The essential distinction of unsaturated soil and saturated soil is that saturated soil has stress history dependence, and unsaturated soil is not only relevant with stress history, and relevant with hydraulics history.Different from saturated soil, unsaturated soil is three-phase porous medium, comprises solid phase, gas phase and liquid phase.Due to the existence of gas phase, the pore water pressure in unsaturated soil is normally born.
Due to unsaturated soil than saturated soil many gas phase, therefore many stress variable, i.e. a suction.Suction is that surface and the interior liquid and gas of hole of inside soil body solid phase interact and produce, and can make the strength and stiffness of the soil body increase.Therefore the theory of saturated soil and experimental technique are also inapplicable, have often underestimated the safety coefficient of the soil body.Meanwhile, owing to there being the effect of capillary hysteresis, for same matric suction, the intensity of passing through respectively dehumidification and the moisture absorption soil body is afterwards not identical, also relevant with saturation degree, and relevant with drying and watering cycle history.
In the time analyzing the unsaturated soil disaster problem of rainfall induced landslide and so on, the intensity index of the soil body is one of most important parameter.And these parameters are relevant with suction, therefore suction is to need the problem that will solve badly to the contribution of intensity.The earth surface cracks that the evaporation relevant with unsaturated soil simultaneously causes and the migration of the pollutant of refuse landfill and temperature have substantial connection, the native water state of unsaturated soil is also relevant with temperature, and there be limited evidence currently of has research to relate to mechanics and the hydraulic properties of unsaturated soil under test different temperatures.Different native water states can cause different intensive parameters, therefore, in the time analyzing this type of unsaturated soil problem, are necessary to study the impact of temperature.Contrary with unsaturated soil, the measuring accuracy of the indoor triaxial test of saturated soil and controllability have obtained generally acknowledging of domestic and international rock-soil mechanics field.
For the testing equipment of unsaturated soil, researchist both domestic and external has carried out a large amount of research at present.To unsaturation soil suction control technology, major part realizes by axle translation technology.Axle translation be by hole press be increased on the occasion of, simultaneously also increase air pressure, apply the matric suction of setting by the difference of the two.But while being generalized to presence states, the hole in unsaturated soil is pressed and is all born, and this technology is just no longer applicable.No longer need to apply atmospheric pressure, when the negative hole pressure condition of true reappearance soil sample at the scene time, can apply suction is a difficult problem in unsaturated soil research.And existing method is soil sample bottom discharge, or the draining together with bottom of soil sample top, equilibration time is very long, and degree of accuracy is not high.Study simultaneously under different temperatures, test the test unit of unsaturated soil behavior neither be a lot.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is just to overcome prior art existent defect and deficiency, the unsaturated soil Triaxial tester and the method thereof that provide a kind of multifunctional circulation to apply suction.
This test unit is simple in structure, easy to use, can accurately reflect mechanics and the hydraulic properties of unsaturated soil under different temperatures.
This test method is mainly to adopt dialysis to reach needed suction, and press close to on-the-spot virtual condition in the negative hole in soil sample, and carry out the test under different temperatures in conjunction with temperature control unit.Around desorption is wet to adopt soil sample, has shortened the time of unsaturated soil balance.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
This test unit is the improvement to existing " saturated soil triaxial test equipment ", retain confined pressure unit, axle power applying unit and axial displacement measuring unit wherein, be provided with suction applying unit, temperature control unit, two pressure chamber, differential pressure pick-up, reference pipe and data acquisition unit.
This test method is: first saturated remoulded sample or undisturbed soil sample are placed in to triaxial cell, apply suction in pressure chamber, make it enter the unsaturation stage; Then apply confined pressure unsaturated soil is carried out to shear test, obtain deformation curve and intensive parameter thereof under different suction and different confined pressure.Suction can circulation change, thereby can obtain the strength characteristic in different waterpower path; Can obtain mechanical property and the hydraulic properties of unsaturated soil under different temperatures by temperature control unit simultaneously; And wherein the negative hole pressure condition of unsaturated soil approaches on-the-spot former bit pattern.
One, multifunctional circulation applies the unsaturated soil Triaxial tester (abbreviation test unit) of suction
This test unit comprises confined pressure unit, axle power applying unit and axial displacement measuring unit, is provided with suction applying unit, temperature control unit, two pressure chamber, differential pressure pick-up, reference pipe and data acquisition unit.
Its annexation is:
Suction applying unit, confined pressure unit, axle power applying unit and temperature control unit are connected with two pressure chambers respectively, soil sample are applied to suction, confined pressure, axle power and the temperature of setting;
Differential pressure pick-up is connected with two pressure chambers respectively with axial displacement measuring unit, and differential pressure pick-up is connected with reference pipe, and the volume change in soil sample test process and axial displacement are measured in real time;
Data acquisition unit is connected with confined pressure unit, axle power applying unit and temperature control unit respectively, controls the confined pressure, axle power and the temperature value that apply;
Suction applying unit is connected with data acquisition unit, and the quality difference that records inflow and outflow solution to suck or discharge in inverse soil sample the quality of water, judges whether corresponding this one-level suction soil sample reaches equilibrium state simultaneously;
Differential pressure pick-up is connected with data acquisition unit respectively with axial displacement measuring unit, in process of the test, volume change and axial displacement is carried out to Real-time Collection.
The principle of work of this test unit:
Adopt dialysis to apply required suction, its principle is to utilize the dialysis power of PEG solution.Because the moisture of the unsaturation soil sample of the barrier effect of the PEG solution of variable concentrations by semi-permeable diaphragm to film opposite side produces the osmotic suctions of different sizes, and soil sample moisture is in change procedure, only having the matric suction of RETENTION BY SOILS and the osmotic suction of solution to reach balance to moisture, soil sample moisture just can remain unchanged.Therefore adopting the PEG solution dialysis soil sample of variable concentrations also just to reach applies and the object of controlled suction soil sample.
Apply respectively confined pressure, suction by confined pressure unit and suction applying unit, realize the Real-time Collection of data by data acquisition unit, carry out the desorption wet test under the different confined pressures of unsaturated soil;
Regulate temperature by temperature control unit, carry out hydraulics test and the mechanical test of unsaturated soil under different temperatures;
Connect chamber and reference pipe in two pressure chambers by differential pressure pick-up, in the time of undrained shear, the liquid level of the solution in the volume change Hui Shishuan pressure chamber of soil sample raises or reduces, by with the variation that reflects soil sample volume with reference to the pressure reduction of pipe, by with data acquisition unit be connected to come Real-time Collection;
Be connected with the top of two pressure chambers by shaft position sensor, carry out Real-time Collection by data acquisition unit;
Whole process implementation the real-time monitoring to unsaturation soil sample mechanics and hydraulics behavior under different temperatures, suction and confined pressure condition, and test the difference of unsaturated soil intensity under different hydraulicss path.
Two, to apply this test method of unsaturated soil triaxial test method (abbreviation test method) of suction be the unsaturated soil Triaxial tester that multifunctional circulation based on above-mentioned applies suction to multifunctional circulation, comprises the following steps:
1. the installation of soil sample
Adopt static pressure method to make three axle soil sample (cylindrical soil samples by the dry density of setting and water percentage soil sample, be called for short soil sample), soil sample is vacuumized saturated, then waterproof base plate is put on pressure chamber's base, soil sample is packed in semi-permeable diaphragm, compacting is to get rid of the air in film slightly, be arranged on together with waterproof base plate on pressure chamber's base, be placed with waterproof cover plate on the top of soil sample, and then the two ends up and down of semi-permeable diaphragm (two ends up and down of soil sample are longer than at the upper and lower two ends of semi-permeable diaphragm) are tightened respectively on the waterproof base plate and waterproof cover plate on pressure chamber's base with elastic string,
2. adopt dialysis to apply needed suction
Be filled with certain density PEG solution to chamber in two pressure chambers, the corresponding specific suction of each concentration, makes position a little on the lower, top that solution reaches interior chamber, then in mistress, injects certain lightweight oil, make lightweight oil enter interior chamber, reach the concordant contact of two Room liquid levels;
3. test
The native water characteristic curve of unsaturated soil under a, test different temperatures;
B, test the native water characteristic curve of unsaturated soil under different confined pressures;
C, carry out the consolidation test of unsaturated soil under different suction;
D, the three axle drainings of carrying out unsaturated soil under different suction and different confined pressure and undrained shear test;
E, carry out the strength test of unsaturated soil under different waterpower path.
The present invention has the following advantages and good effect:
1. confined pressure unit, suction applying unit and temperature control unit are controlled, can add in advance the value of setting;
2. desorption wet test, consolidation test, undrained shear test and the draining shear test of unsaturated soil be can carry out respectively same soil sample, and unsaturated soil mechanical property under different temperatures and the simultaneous determination of hydraulic properties realized;
3. can accurately measure and control volume change and axial displacement in suction, confined pressure, temperature and the process of the test of unsaturation soil sample;
4. do not adopt axle translation technology, can reproduce the negative hole pressure condition of unsaturated soil under presence states;
5. can realize soil sample circulation desorption wet, carry out the strength test of unsaturated soil under different hydraulics history;
6. realize the Real-Time Monitoring of all test figures and automatically gather, not needing artificial reading on duty;
7. this device to test principle is directly perceived, simple in structure, precision is high, good stability, without heavy equipment, easy operating, convenient disassembly and cheap, installation testing personnel are not had to very high technical requirement.
The present invention is applicable to that desorption under unsaturated soil different temperatures is wet, fixed, undrained shear and draining shear test, and can realize the strength test under different waterpower path.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the block diagram of this test unit;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of this test unit;
Fig. 3 is data acquisition unit block diagram;
Fig. 4 is the workflow diagram of computing machine.
In figure:
0-soil sample;
1-suction applying unit,
1.1-semi-permeable diaphragm, the PEG(polyglycol of 1.2-variable concentrations) solution,
1.3-normal flow pump;
2-confined pressure unit,
2.1-pressure controller, 2.2-lightweight oil, 2.3-tensimeter,
2.4-confined pressure valve;
3-axle power applying unit,
3.1-lifting table, 3.2 handwheels,
3.3-axially dynamometer, 3.4-testing machine;
4-temperature control unit,
4.1-resistance wire, 4.2-compressor, 4.3-temperature controller;
5-bis-pressure chambers,
Chamber in 5.1-, 5.2-mistress, 5.3-confined pressure duct,
5.4-suction duct, 5.5-exhaust passage, 5.6-base,
The waterproof base plate of 5.7-, the waterproof cover plate of 5.8-;
6-differential pressure pick-up;
7-is with reference to pipe;
8-axial displacement measuring unit,
8.1-axial displacement dial gauge, 8.2 displacement surveymeters;
9-data acquisition unit,
9.1-confined pressure sensor, 9.2-flow sensor, 9.3-axial force sensor,
9.4-temperature sensor, 9.5-shaft position sensor, 9.6-data collecting instrument,
9.7-computing machine.
Embodiment
Describe in detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples:
One, test unit
1, overall
As Fig. 1, this test unit comprises confined pressure unit 2, axle power applying unit 3 and axial displacement measuring unit 8;
Be provided with suction applying unit 1, temperature control unit 4, two pressure chamber 5, differential pressure pick-up 6, reference pipe 7 and data acquisition unit 9;
Its annexation is:
Suction applying unit 1, confined pressure unit 2, axle power applying unit 3 and temperature control unit 4 are connected with two pressure chambers 5 respectively, soil sample 0 are applied to suction, confined pressure, axle power and the temperature of setting;
Differential pressure pick-up 6 is connected with two pressure chambers 5 respectively with axial displacement measuring unit 8, and differential pressure pick-up 6 is connected with reference pipe 7, and volume change and axial displacement in soil sample 0 process of the test are measured in real time;
Data acquisition unit 9 is connected with confined pressure unit 2, axle power applying unit 3 and temperature control unit 4 respectively, controls the confined pressure, axle power and the temperature value that apply;
Suction applying unit 1 is connected with data acquisition unit 9, and the quality difference that records inflow and outflow solution to suck or discharge in inverse soil sample 0 quality of water, judges whether corresponding this one-level suction soil sample 0 reaches equilibrium state simultaneously;
Differential pressure pick-up 6 is connected with data acquisition unit 9 respectively with axial displacement measuring unit 8, in process of the test, volume change and axial displacement is carried out to Real-time Collection.
2, functional block
1) suction applying unit 1
As Fig. 2, suction applying unit 1 comprises the PEG(polyglycol of semi-permeable diaphragm 1.1, variable concentrations) solution 1.2 and normal flow pump 1.3;
Its annexation is:
Semi-permeable diaphragm 1.1 wraps up soil sample 0, be filled with certain density PEG solution 1.2 to chamber 5.1 in two pressure chambers, corresponding suction is provided, normal flow pump 1.3 is connected with Nei Shi5.1 both sides, two pressure chamber, one side circulation provides the PEG solution 1.2 of constant flow rate, opposite side flows out solution and records its mass change, for showing that soil sample 0 absorbs or discharge the quality of water;
Normal flow pump 1.3 is connected with data acquisition unit 9 by signal transmssion line.
The principle of work of suction applying unit 1 is:
Adopt dialysis to apply suction, at a certain temperature, the PEG solution 1.2 of every kind of concentration has a corresponding suction value.Semi-permeable diaphragm 1.1 is that one can only see through micromolecular material, and the effect of semi-permeable diaphragm 1.1 is exactly to separate PEG solution 1.2 and test soil sample 0, and hydrone can pass through, and the PEG molecule of macromolecule cannot pass through.Suction during due to original state in soil sample 0 is different with the suction in chamber in pressure chamber 5.1, in order to reach balance, starts dehumidification or moisture absorption in soil sample 0, until reach balance.When soil sample 0 is no longer when water outlet, the suction in suction and the PEG solution 1.2 in soil sample 0 reaches balance, thereby has realized applying of suction.In order to ensure dialysis effect, the PEG solution 1.2 in pressure chamber in chamber 5.1 is by the successively supply of normal flow pump 1.3.Semi-permeable diaphragm 1.1 can adopt bag filter, if its specification is MWCO value 3500, represents that molecular weight cannot be through being held back by this kind of bag filter higher than 3500 macromolecular compound.The abbreviation that PEG solution 1.2 is polyethylene glycol, should adopt PEG6000 solution.When different temperatures, on the concentration of this type of PEG solution 1.2 and the rating curve of suction, can check in the suction value of corresponding variable concentrations.Soil sample 0 adopts periphery draining or water suction, reaches the required time of balance short, has greatly saved the time of whole test.
The function of suction applying unit 1 is:
Soil sample 0 is applied to the suction of setting, can reproduce the negative hole pressure condition of unsaturated soil under on-the-spot original position state, carry out the triaxial test of unsaturated soil under given suction, and measure soil sample 0 and absorb or discharge the quality of water by normal flow pump 1.3, can measure the volume change of triaxial test simultaneously.
2) confined pressure unit 2
Described confined pressure unit 2(is a functional unit of existing " saturated soil triaxial test equipment ") comprise pressure controller 2.1, lightweight oil 2.2, tensimeter 2.3 and confined pressure valve 2.4;
Its annexation is:
In the mistress of pressure chamber 5.2, be full of lightweight oil 2.2, pressure controller 2.1, confined pressure valve 2.4 and lightweight oil 2.2 are communicated with successively, are provided with tensimeter 2.3 on pressure controller 2.1.
The principle of work of confined pressure unit 2 is:
Pressure controller 2.1 exerts pressure to produce the confined pressure of setting to lightweight oil 2.2, confined pressure valve 2.4 and tensimeter 2.3 are used for respectively setting and showing the numerical value of confined pressure, and tensimeter 2.3 is connected with data acquisition unit 9 by signal transmssion line, controls and monitors.
The function of confined pressure unit 2 is:
Soil sample 0 is applied to required confined pressure, carry out wet, the fixed and shear test of the desorption of unsaturated soil under different confined pressures.
3) axle power applying unit 3
Axle power applying unit 3(is a functional unit of existing " saturated soil triaxial test equipment ") comprise lifting table 3.1, handwheel 3.2, axially dynamometer 3.3 and testing machine 3.4;
Its annexation is:
From top to bottom, testing machine 3.4, lifting table 3.1, two pressure chamber 5 and axial dynamometer 3.3 are connected successively, apply axle power to soil sample 0;
On testing machine 3.4, be provided with handwheel 3.2, play unloading effect.
The principle of work of axle power applying unit 3 is:
It is strain control formula that axle power applies, and rises with certain speed drive lifting table 3.1 by testing machine 3.4, and the axial strain of soil sample 0 is increasing always, and realization applies soil sample 0 axial force, until soil sample 0 is destroyed.The axle power value that obtains applying by axial dynamometer 3.3, and by being connected and carrying out Real-time Collection with data acquisition unit 9.
The function of axle power applying unit 3 is:
Soil sample 0 is applied to axle power, carry out three axle draining shearings and undrained shear test under different confined pressures, temperature and suction condition.
Lifting table 3.1, handwheel 3.2, axial dynamometer 3.3 and testing machine 3.4 are general part.
4) temperature control unit 4
Temperature control unit 4 is a kind of general air conditioner structures, comprises resistance wire 4.1, compressor 4.2 and temperature controller 4.3;
Its annexation is:
Resistance wire 4.1 is built in the two mistress of pressure chamber 5.2 inwalls, and compressor 4.2 is communicated with two mistress of pressure chamber 5.2 by flexible pipe, and temperature controller 4.3 is connected with resistance wire 4.1 and compressor 4.2 respectively, controls temperature.
The principle of work of temperature control unit 4 is:
Set the temperature that will reach by temperature controller 4.3, if the temperature in solution heats liquid than the low built-in resistance wire 4.1 that feeds back to of setting value, lower the temperature if the temperature in solution feeds back to compressor 4.2 than setting value height, and keep temperature constant.
The function of temperature control unit 4 is:
Can set needed temperature, and keep constant temperature.
5) two pressure chambers 5
Two pressure chambers 5 comprise interior chamber 5.1, mistress 5.2, confined pressure duct 5.3, two suction ducts 5.4, exhaust passage 5.5, base 5.6, waterproof base plate 5.7 and waterproof cover plates 5.8;
Its annexation is:
Interior chamber 5.1 and mistress 5.2 are arranged on respectively on base 5.6, and the upper end open of interior chamber 5.1 is communicated with mistress 5.2;
Confined pressure duct 5.3 is arranged on the base 5.6 being communicated with mistress 5.2, is used for applying confined pressure;
One termination in two suction ducts 5.4 is arranged on the base 5.6 being communicated with interior chamber 5.1, another termination in two suction ducts 5.4 is communicated with normal flow pump 1.3, is used for circulation-supplied PEG solution 1.2 and measure the volume change in variation and the triaxial test process of moisture in soil sample 0;
Exhaust passage 5.5 is arranged on the top of two pressure chambers 5, is used for getting rid of indoor air.
The principle of work of two pressure chambers 5 is:
In interior chamber 5.1, inject PEG solution 1.2, for applying the suction of soil sample 0; In mistress 5.2, inject lightweight oil 2.2 for applying the confined pressure of soil sample 0, soil sample 0 is placed on interior chamber base 5.6; In two pressure chambers 5, interior chamber 5.1 and mistress's 5.2 pressure equate, offset the distortion of interior chamber 5.1, thereby more can accurately measure soil sample 0(unsaturated soil) volume change; Top in interior chamber 5.1 is provided with scale mark, for controlling the maximum height of injecting solution.
The function of two pressure chambers 5 is:
Place soil sample 0, realize wet, the fixed and shear test of the desorption of soil sample 0 under different temperatures and different confined pressure.
6) differential pressure pick-up 6
Differential pressure pick-up 6 is a kind of general parts.
Yu Nei chamber, one end 5.1 is connected, and the other end is connected with reference pipe 7.At soil sample 0(unsaturated soil) undrained shear time, because can making the liquid level of the PEG solution 1.2 in interior chamber 5.1, soil sample 0 volume change changes, with with reference to pipe, the pressure differential in 7 can produce corresponding variation, by this pressure differential soil sample 0(unsaturated soil in test that can convert) volume change.By being connected with data acquisition unit 9, can become by Real-Time Monitoring body simultaneously.
7) with reference to pipe 7
Glass tubes that are full of PEG solution 1.2 with reference to pipe 7, the liquid level constant of PEG solution 1.2, therefore pressure is also constant, has played the effect of a reference.The lightweight oil that has thin layer on liquid level, avoids evaporating.Interior chamber 5.1, by being connected with differential pressure pick-up 6, can obtain interior chamber 5.1 and the pressure differential with reference to pipe 7.
8) axial displacement measuring unit 8
Axial displacement measuring unit 8(is a functional unit of existing " saturated soil triaxial test equipment ") comprise axial displacement dial gauge 8.1 and displacement surveymeter 8.2;
Its annexation is:
Offset table 8.1 is connected with data acquisition unit 9 by signal transmssion line, and displacement surveymeter 8.2 contacts with 5 tops, two pressure chamber.
The function of axial displacement measuring unit 8 is:
The axial displacement can Real-Time Monitoring unsaturated soil desorption occurring in wet, fixed and shear test process.
9) data acquisition unit 9
As shown in Figure 3, data acquisition unit 9 comprises confined pressure sensor 9.1, flow sensor 9.2, axial force sensor 9.3, temperature sensor 9.4, shaft position sensor 9.5, data collecting instrument 9.6 and computing machine 9.7;
Its annexation is:
On data collecting instrument 9.6, have six passages to be connected with confined pressure sensor 9.1, flow sensor 9.2, axial force sensor 9.3, temperature sensor 9.4, shaft position sensor 9.5 and differential pressure pick-up 6 respectively, data collecting instrument 9.6 is connected with computing machine 9.7;
Confined pressure sensor 9.1 is arranged on tensimeter 2.3;
Flow sensor 9.2 is arranged in normal flow pump 1.3;
Axial force sensor 9.3 is arranged on axial dynamometer 3.3;
Temperature sensor 9.4 is arranged on temperature controller 4.3;
Shaft position sensor 9.5 is arranged on dial gauge 8.1;
Be connected with data collecting instrument 9.6 by signal transmssion line respectively.
The function of data acquisition unit 9 is:
Control and measure confined pressure, the temperature in two pressure chambers 5 by confined pressure sensor 9.1, temperature sensor 9.4; Can draw respectively by axial force sensor 9.3, shaft position sensor 9.5 axial force and the axial displacement that soil sample 0 is real-time; The quality of water can be obtained absorbing or discharging in soil sample 0 by flow sensor 9.2, and the volume change of triaxial test can be obtained simultaneously; Can obtain the volume change of unsaturated soil in undrained shear process by differential pressure pick-up 6.
(1) confined pressure sensor 9.1
Confined pressure sensor 9.1 is a kind of general parts, selects Senex to produce, pressure limit: 0～1Mpa, precision: 0.1%FS.Its function is: the confined pressure of measuring loading 0.
(2) flow sensor 9.2
Flow sensor 9.2 is a kind of general parts, selects Ponolflow-VA, measurement range :-5m/s～6.5m/s, resolution: lmm/s, precision: 0.5%.Its function is: flow velocity, instantaneous delivery and the integrated flux of measuring solution.
(3) axial force sensor 9.3
Axial force sensor 9.3 is a kind of general parts, selects KAP-S type pull pressure sensor, and specification is: 5N～50kN.Its function is: the axle power of measuring soil sample 0.
(4) temperature sensor 9.4
Temperature sensor 9.4 is a kind of general parts, select Pt100 type platinum resistance (Beijing,
).Its function is: measure soil sample 0 temperature of solution around.
(5) differential pressure pick-up 6
Differential pressure pick-up 6 is a kind of general parts, selects Senex to produce, pressure limit: 0～1Mpa, precision: 0.1%FS.Its function is: measure chamber and the pressure reduction with reference to pipe in two pressure chambers, thereby can obtain the volume change value in soil sample 0 process of the test.
(6) shaft position sensor 9.5
Shaft position sensor 9.5 is a kind of general parts, selects ZKL-W type displacement transducer (LVDT), range 0～800mm, and diameter is
its function is: the axial deformation of measuring soil sample 0 in process of the test.
(7) data collecting instrument 9.6
Data collecting instrument 9.6 is a kind of general parts, the TSW-3 that selects Nanjing to produce.
(8) computing machine 9.7
The hardware configuration of computing machine 9.7 is: Intel (R) Celeron (R) CPU 420@1.6GHZ; 512MB internal memory.
Its acquisition software adopts the Si Mingte data acquisition software SUPY1.0 of Si Mingte company exploitation.Data can be set, and are accurate to 0.1, can show in real time curve data.
As Fig. 4, its workflow is:
1. start acquisition software A;
2. setting data storing path B;
3. set acquisition interval time C;
4. turn-on data acquisition channel D;
5. input soil sample physical parameter E;
6. data zero clearing F;
7. start to test G.
Two, test method
The present embodiment is taking silt as example, and the process of the unsaturated soil triaxial test that uses the present invention to circulate to apply suction is:
1. the installation of soil sample
Adopt static pressure method to make the cylindrical soil sample of three axle soil sample 0(by the dry density of setting and water percentage soil sample 0, be called for short soil sample), soil sample 0 is vacuumized saturated, weigh the quality after saturated, draw saturation moisture content and porosity.Then waterproof base plate 5.7 is put on pressure chamber's base 5.6, soil sample 0 is packed in semi-permeable diaphragm 1.1, compacting is to get rid of the air in film slightly, be arranged on pressure chamber's base 5.6 together with waterproof base plate 5.7, be placed with waterproof cover plate 5.8 on the top of soil sample 0, and then with elastic string, the upper and lower two ends of semi-permeable diaphragm 5.1(semi-permeable diaphragm be longer than to the two ends up and down of soil sample) two ends up and down tighten respectively on the waterproof base plate 5.7 and waterproof cover plate 5.8 on pressure chamber's base 5.6;
2. adopt dialysis to apply needed suction
In past two pressure chambers, chamber 5.1 is filled with certain density PEG solution 1.2, the corresponding specific suction of each concentration, make position a little on the lower, top that solution 1.2 reaches interior chamber 5.1, then in mistress 5.2, inject certain lightweight oil 2.2, make lightweight oil 2.2 enter interior chamber, two Room liquid levels are combined;
3. test:
The native water characteristic curve of unsaturated soil under a, test different temperatures
Set needed temperature by temperature control unit 4.At different temperature, carry out the desorption wet test of soil sample 0.Every kind of temperature is all to having the concentration of PEG solution and the calibration curve of suction.Corresponding to the every one-level suction value setting, prepare the solution 1.2 of respective concentration.A suction duct 5.4 of 5 bottoms, two pressure chamber is opened, adopt normal flow pump 1.3 that solution 1.2 is full of to two pressure chambers 5.After solution 1.2 is full of, open two suction ducts 5.4, solution is constantly supplied in one end that normal flow pump 1.3 is connected with interior chamber 5.1, and the other end constantly flows out.And discharge can Real-Time Monitoring, so just can obtain discharging in soil sample 0 quality of water.In the time that discharge is constant, this grade of suction reaches balance, and logical oversaturated water cut can obtain water cut or the saturation degree of corresponding this one-level suction.Then the solution in two pressure chambers 5 is discharged, adopt above-mentioned same method to inject the solution 1.2 of next stage suction institute corresponding concentration.So repeatedly, test can not only obtain main drainage curve and main sucting wet curve, can also obtain the sweep trace of the inside simultaneously.Due to soil sample 0 periphery draining or water suction, required equilibration time is short, can save like this time of whole test.
By temperature control unit 4, set next stage temperature, repeat above-mentioned process of the test, can obtain native water characteristic relation complete under different temperatures.
B, test the native water characteristic curve of unsaturated soil under different confined pressures
Corresponding to the every one-level suction value setting, the solution 1.2 of preparation respective concentration.A suction duct 5.4 of 5 bottoms, two pressure chamber is opened, adopt normal flow pump 1.3 that solution is injected to chamber 5.1 in two pressure chambers.When reaching the maximum scale line of interior chamber 5.1, stop injecting.Then the exhaust passage at 5 tops, two pressure chamber is opened, in pressure chamber 5, fill lightweight oil 2.2.Lightweight oil 2.2 and solution 1.2 have individual surface of contact at maximum scale line place.By confined pressure unit 2, pressure chamber 5 is applied the confined pressure setting.Two suction ducts 5.4 in chamber 5.1 in opening, normal flow pump 1.3 is constantly supplied solution with one end that interior chamber 5.1 is connected, and the other end constantly flows out.And discharge can Real-Time Monitoring, so just can obtain discharging or absorbing in soil sample 0 quality of water.In the time that discharge is constant, this grade of suction reaches balance, and logical oversaturated water cut can obtain water cut or the saturation degree of corresponding this one-level suction.Then the solution 1.2 in two pressure chambers 5 and lightweight oil 2.2 are discharged, adopt above-mentioned same method to carry out the test of next stage suction.So repeatedly, test can not only obtain main drainage curve and main sucting wet curve, can also obtain the sweep trace of the inside simultaneously.Due to soil sample 0 periphery draining or water suction, required equilibration time is short, can save like this time of whole test.
By confined pressure unit 2, set next stage confined pressure, repeat above-mentioned process of the test, can obtain native water characteristic relation complete under different confined pressures.
In conjunction with the desorption wet test of unsaturated soil under different temperatures above, can control confined pressure and temperature simultaneously, obtain the complete native water characteristic curve of unsaturated soil under different temperatures and different confined pressure.
C, carry out the consolidation test of unsaturated soil under different suction
With the similar suction setting that applies of b test, after isoequilibrium, start to apply confined pressure.Normal flow pump 1.3 is supplied the solution 1.2 of respective concentration always, keeps solution 1.2 on maximum scale line, to contact with lightweight oil 2.2 always.Can obtain the variation of soil sample 0 volume by the fluctuations in discharge of normal flow pump 1.3 opposite sides of Real-Time Monitoring.
Then apply next stage confined pressure, repeat process above, also can do the test of unloading resilience simultaneously.The isotropic compression test of unsaturated soil under like this can controlled different suction.
Can also change temperature by temperature control unit 4, obtain the compression test under different temperatures simultaneously.
D, the three axle drainings of carrying out unsaturated soil under different suction and different confined pressure and undrained shear test
Adopt previously described method to apply needed confined pressure and suction, carry out three axle draining and disdrainage tests of unsaturated soil.
Three not drainings of axle of unsaturated soil are cut soon: when soil sample 0 is in the time that confined pressure and suction reach balance, axial displacement surveymeter 8.2 contacts with two pressure chambers 5,8.1 zero clearings of displacement dial gauge.Starting characteristics test machine 3.4, lifting table 3.1 rises, and under different confined pressures, soil sample 0 is carried out to undrained quick shear test.Shear strain rate is selected according to different soil properties, can be with reference to normal triaxial.Chamber 5.1 and the pressure differential with reference to pipe 7 in measuring by differential pressure pick-up 6, the body that can obtain soil sample 0 becomes.By data acquisition unit 9 can Real-time Collection axle power, axial displacement and body become.
Three axle draining shear tests of unsaturated soil: when soil sample 0 is in the time that confined pressure and suction reach balance, axial displacement surveymeter 8.2 contacts with two pressure chambers 5,8.1 zero clearings of displacement dial gauge.Starting characteristics test machine 3.4, lifting table 3.1 rises, and under different confined pressures, soil sample 0 is carried out to draining shear test.Shear strain rate is selected according to different soil properties, can be with reference to normal triaxial.Chamber 5.1 and the pressure differential with reference to pipe 7 in measuring by differential pressure pick-up 6, the body that can obtain soil sample 0 becomes.By data acquisition unit 9 can Real-time Collection axle power, axial displacement and body become.
As described above, can carry out the test under different temperatures.
E, carry out the strength test of unsaturated soil under different waterpower path
Different with saturated soil, the character of unsaturated soil is not only relevant with stress history, but also relevant with hydraulics history.For same suction, reach the hydraulics path difference of this suction, also can cause different mechanical properties.Such as, process dehumidification and moisture absorption path reach the suction value of setting respectively, and under two kinds of paths, the intensity of unsaturated soil is different with deformation characteristic.Therefore this device can carry out repeatedly the wet cyclic test of desorption, obtains the intensive parameter under different waterpower path, for the development of unsaturated soil subject later provides some experimental basis.
Claims (5)
1. a multi-functional unsaturated soil Triaxial tester that applies suction, comprises confined pressure unit (2), axle power applying unit (3) and axial displacement measuring unit (8);
It is characterized in that:
Be provided with suction applying unit (1), temperature control unit (4), two pressure chamber (5), differential pressure pick-up (6), reference pipe (7) and data acquisition unit (9);
Its annexation is:
Suction applying unit (1), confined pressure unit (2), axle power applying unit (3) and temperature control unit (4) are connected with two pressure chambers (5) respectively, soil sample (0) are applied to suction, confined pressure, axle power and the temperature of setting;
Differential pressure pick-up (6) is connected with two pressure chambers (5) respectively with axial displacement measuring unit (8), and differential pressure pick-up (6) is connected with reference pipe (7), and volume change and axial displacement in soil sample (0) process of the test are measured in real time;
Data acquisition unit (9) is connected with confined pressure unit (2), axle power applying unit (3) and temperature control unit (4) respectively, controls the confined pressure, axle power and the temperature value that apply;
Suction applying unit (1) is connected with data acquisition unit (9), and the quality difference that records inflow and outflow solution to suck or discharge in inverse soil sample (0) quality of water, judges whether corresponding this one-level suction soil sample (0) reaches equilibrium state simultaneously;
Differential pressure pick-up (6) is connected with data acquisition unit (9) respectively with axial displacement measuring unit (8), in process of the test, volume change and axial displacement is carried out to Real-time Collection;
Described suction applying unit (1) comprises PEG solution (1.2) and the normal flow pump (1.3) of semi-permeable diaphragm (1.1), variable concentrations;
Semi-permeable diaphragm (1.1) parcel soil sample (0), be filled with certain density PEG solution (1.2) to chamber (5.1) in two pressure chambers, corresponding suction is provided, normal flow pump (1.3) is connected with both sides, chamber (5.1) in two pressure chambers, one side circulation provides the PEG solution (1.2) of constant flow rate, opposite side flows out solution and records its mass change, for showing that soil sample (0) absorbs or discharge the quality of water;
Normal flow pump (1.3) is connected with data acquisition unit (9) by signal transmssion line;
Described two pressure chambers (5) comprise interior chamber (5.1), mistress (5.2), confined pressure duct (5.3), two suction ducts (5.4), exhaust passage (5.5), base (5.6), waterproof base plate (5.7) and waterproof cover plate (5.8);
It is upper that interior chamber (5.1) and mistress (5.2) are arranged on respectively base (5.6), and the upper end open of interior chamber (5.1), is communicated with mistress (5.2);
It is upper that confined pressure duct (5.3) is arranged on the base (5.6) being communicated with mistress (5.2), is used for applying confined pressure;
One termination in two suction ducts (5.4) is arranged on the base (5.6) being communicated with interior chamber (5.1), another termination in two suction ducts (5.4) is communicated with normal flow pump (1.3), the volume change being used in variation and the triaxial test process of circulation-supplied PEG solution (1.2) and the middle moisture of measurement soil sample (0);
Exhaust passage (5.5) is arranged on the top of two pressure chambers (5), is used for getting rid of the air of two pressure chambers (5).
2. by a kind of multi-functional unsaturated soil Triaxial tester that applies suction claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Described temperature control unit (4) is a kind of general air conditioner structure, comprises resistance wire (4.1), compressor (4.2) and temperature controller (4.3);
Resistance wire (4.1) is built in the two mistress of pressure chamber (5.2) inwalls, and compressor (4.2) is communicated with two mistress of pressure chamber (5.2) by flexible pipe, and temperature controller (4.3) is connected with resistance wire (4.1) and compressor (4.2) respectively, controls temperature.
3. by a kind of multi-functional unsaturated soil Triaxial tester that applies suction claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Described data acquisition unit (9) comprises confined pressure sensor (9.1), flow sensor (9.2), axial force sensor (9.3), temperature sensor (9.4), shaft position sensor (9.5), data collecting instrument (9.6) and computing machine (9.7);
On data collecting instrument (9.6), have six input channels to be connected with confined pressure sensor (9.1), flow sensor (9.2), axial force sensor (9.3), temperature sensor (9.4), shaft position sensor (9.5) and differential pressure pick-up (6) respectively, the output terminal of data collecting instrument (9.6) is connected with computing machine (9.7);
Confined pressure sensor (9.1) is arranged on tensimeter (2.3);
Flow sensor (9.2) is arranged in normal flow pump (1.3);
Axial force sensor (9.3) is arranged on axial dynamometer (3.3);
Temperature sensor (9.4) is arranged on temperature controller (4.3);
Shaft position sensor (9.5) is arranged on dial gauge (8.1).
4. by a kind of multi-functional unsaturated soil Triaxial tester that applies suction claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that:
Its acquisition software of described computing machine (9.7) adopts the Si Mingte data acquisition software SUPY1.0 of Si Mingte company exploitation, and its workflow is:
1. start acquisition software (A);
2. setting data storing path (B);
3. set the acquisition interval time (C);
4. turn-on data acquisition channel (D);
5. input soil sample physical parameter (E);
6. data zero clearing (F);
7. start test (G).
5. based on by the test method of a kind of multi-functional unsaturated soil Triaxial tester that applies suction claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that this test method comprises the following steps:
1. the installation of soil sample
Adopt static pressure method to make three axle soil samples by the dry density of setting and water percentage soil sample, soil sample is vacuumized saturated, then waterproof base plate is put on two pressure chambers base, soil sample is packed in semi-permeable diaphragm, compacting is to get rid of the air in film slightly, be arranged on together with waterproof base plate on two pressure chambers base, be placed with waterproof cover plate on the top of soil sample, and then the two ends up and down of semi-permeable diaphragm tightened respectively on the waterproof base plate and waterproof cover plate on two pressure chambers base with elastic string;
2. adopt dialysis to apply needed suction
Be filled with certain density PEG solution to chamber in two pressure chambers, the corresponding specific suction of each concentration, makes position a little on the lower, top that solution reaches interior chamber, then in mistress, injects lightweight oil, makes lightweight oil enter interior chamber, reaches the concordant contact of two Room liquid levels;
3. test
The native water characteristic curve of unsaturated soil under a, test different temperatures;
B, test the native water characteristic curve of unsaturated soil under different confined pressures;
C, carry out the consolidation test of unsaturated soil under different suction;
D, the three axle drainings of carrying out unsaturated soil under different suction and different confined pressure and undrained shear test;
E, carry out the strength test of unsaturated soil under different waterpower path.
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