CN105203411A - Slit shear-seepage coupling test system of triaxial cell and test method - Google Patents
Slit shear-seepage coupling test system of triaxial cell and test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105203411A CN105203411A CN201510746904.3A CN201510746904A CN105203411A CN 105203411 A CN105203411 A CN 105203411A CN 201510746904 A CN201510746904 A CN 201510746904A CN 105203411 A CN105203411 A CN 105203411A
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- shear
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- seepage
- hydraulic valve
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- 230000001808 coupling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000005859 coupling reactions Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000011901 water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 methods Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 230000003204 osmotic Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920000591 gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000006073 displacement reactions Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010720 hydraulic oils Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003921 oils Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 210000004027 cells Anatomy 0.000 description 40
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagrams Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001131 transforming Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000002706 Plastids Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000001138 Tears Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon dioxide Chemical compound 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Abstract
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Seepage of Rock Masses-stress coupling technical field, particularly a kind of crack shearing-seepage coupling test system and test method being applicable to triaxial cell.
Background technology
The exploitation of China's High Head Pumped Storage Power Station, shale gas, underground water-seal oil depot, Development of Geothermal Resources, carbon dioxide sequestration and height put the large-scale engineering construction such as Surrounding Nuclear Waste Repositories disposal, and under all generally relating to complex environment, crack rock water-couple of force closes this key scientific problems.Therefore, the correct Penetration Signature describing crack and crack rock is the key link of carrying out water-Li coupling analysis, is again the difficult point place that water-couple of force closes research field.
The long-term geology transformation effect of crack rock experience, comprises the crack of numerous different scales and feature, and composes the anisotropically plastid be stored in certain physical environment.Because sillar is comparatively hard and perviousness is lower, the distortion of rock mass mainly occurs in crack, and crack and connected network thereof are the main thoroughfares of rock mass Groundwater movement.On the one hand, crack subjects the distortion such as extruding, shearing under complex stress effect, causes its surface to be opened, contacts, weares and teares or close, thus changing its geometric properties and seepage flow fluidised form, and affecting its seepage characteristic further; On the other hand, the water pressure of fracture seepage and generation thereof will cause the reduction of crack effective stress and intensity, and then affects the mechanical property of crack rock, thus makes the stability of rock mass engineering project depend on the seepage characteristic in crack to a great extent.Therefore, the flowing of fluid in crack has the feature such as non-linear and scale effect significantly, and there is the coupling of complexity with Environmental effect and rock mass deformation.
The research of rock cranny shear-seepage shop experiment is for disclosing the seepage characteristic in crack and Penetration Signature mechanism of Evolution under load action thereof, foundation verify that the theoretical model that Penetration Signature develops has irreplaceable effect.At present, Chinese scholars have developed a large amount of crack shear-seepage coupling test devices, but crack stress-seepage coupling tests the flow event that need realize under effect of stress, thus very harsh to the requirement of test condition and boundary condition.But crack shear-seepage coupling test device ubiquity water sealing effect seepage pressure that is undesirable, that apply traditional is at present difficult to meet high pressure and paddles the problem that non linear fluid flow through porous medium test under the requirement (groundwater pressure reaches 1000m) of rock mass engineering project and Complicated Loads condition is difficult to realize.The reason of the problems referred to above is caused to be: crack shear-seepage coupling test device traditional is at present all adopt the transformation of rock shearing testing machine to form, this testing machine critical piece is rectangular parallelepiped shear box, crack sample is placed in this shear box, shear box both sides adopt the rubber bag tank being full of hydraulic oil to carry out water shutoff, in shear test process, there is certain relative displacement in upper box and the lower box of shear box, now be difficult to the sealing effectiveness ensureing shear box both sides, thus cause the water sealing effect of this crack shear-seepage coupling test device undesirable; Just because of the sealing effectiveness of shear box both sides is not good, and osmotic pressure is once higher, and both sides, crack just more easily seepage occur, thus causes this crack shear-seepage coupling test device to be difficult to seepage pressure to be applied to high value; And non-linear seepage tests can only under high osmotic pressure just there will be, the sealing effectiveness of shear box both sides is not good causes this crack shear-seepage coupling test device to be difficult to realize non linear fluid flow through porous medium test under Complicated Loads condition further.
Summary of the invention
Fundamental purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of crack shearing-seepage coupling test system being applicable to triaxial cell, the water sealing effect applying that is undesirable, Thief zone pressure being intended to solve traditional shear-seepage test unit existence is difficult to the problem realized and under Complicated Loads condition, non linear fluid flow through porous medium test is difficult to realization, and gives the test method of aforementioned system.
Be applicable to a crack shearing-seepage coupling test system for triaxial cell, comprise crack shear, rock mechanical property device, seepage pressure servomechanism installation, flow measurement device and data acquisition processing device;
Described crack shear comprise for place crack sample on put crack shear and underlying crack shear and water shutoff gum cover and water shutoff hoop; Put crack shear on described and be positioned over sample upper surface, crack, described underlying crack shear is positioned over sample lower surface, crack; Put on described, underlying crack shear and crack sample be cylindrical; Put on described, underlying crack shear structure is identical, being connected primarily of rigidity shear pad, L-type flexible shear pad, circular permeable steel disc, semicircle permeable steel disc successively order is formed; Described crack sample, on put crack shear and underlying crack shear and overlap encapsulation by plastic sealing water, and be fixed between pressure piston and base by water shutoff hoop;
Described rock mechanical property device, described seepage pressure servomechanism installation, described flow measurement device are connected with described crack shear respectively;
Described rock mechanical property device, described seepage pressure servomechanism installation, described flow measurement device are also connected with described data acquisition processing device respectively.
At the above-mentioned crack shearing-seepage coupling test system for triaxial cell, described rock mechanical property device comprises the first hydraulic valve, the second hydraulic valve, the 4th hydraulic valve, the 5th hydraulic valve, axial compression servo high-precision hydraulic pump, confined pressure servo high-precision hydraulic pump, axial compression sensor, confined pressure sensor, lifting jack, pressure piston, triaxial cell, base, fluid recovery container; Described axial compression servo high-precision hydraulic pump, axial compression sensor, the 4th hydraulic valve, lifting jack are linked in sequence successively, and described confined pressure servo high-precision hydraulic pump, confined pressure sensor, the 5th hydraulic valve are linked in sequence successively; Upper end, triaxial cell is connected with lifting jack by pressure piston, and left end is connected with the 5th hydraulic valve, and right-hand member is connected with fluid recovery container by the second hydraulic valve respectively by the first hydraulic valve, lower end; Base bottom triaxial cell is connected with shear; Axial compression servo high-precision hydraulic pump, axial compression sensor, confined pressure servo high-precision hydraulic pump, confined pressure sensor are also connected with data acquisition processing device respectively.
At the above-mentioned crack shearing-seepage coupling test system for triaxial cell, described seepage pressure servomechanism installation comprises water supply steel cylinder, water valve, osmotic pressure servo high-precision hydraulic pump, the 6th hydraulic valve, seepage pressure sensor, infiltration inlet pipeline and infiltration outlet conduit; Described water supply steel cylinder, water valve, osmotic pressure servo high-precision hydraulic pump, the 6th hydraulic valve, seepage pressure sensor, infiltration inlet pipeline successively order are connected; Be connected with underlying crack shear after being connected with seepage pressure sensor before described infiltration inlet pipeline, infiltration outlet conduit before with on put crack shear is connected after be connected with flow measurement device, permeate outlet conduit pass through crack sample with permeate inlet pipeline be connected; Osmotic pressure servo high-precision hydraulic pump, seepage pressure sensor are also connected with data acquisition processing device respectively.
At the above-mentioned crack shearing-seepage coupling test system for triaxial cell, it is characterized in that: put crack shear on described and be connected with pressure piston lower end, the permeable steel disc of circle putting crack shear on described is connected with lifting jack by pressure piston, and the permeable steel disc of circle putting crack shear on described is also connected with infiltration outlet conduit; Described underlying crack shear is connected with base upper end, and the permeable steel disc of circle of described underlying crack shear is connected with base, and the permeable steel disc of circle of described underlying crack shear is also connected with infiltration inlet pipeline; Put the permeable steel disc of semicircle of crack shear on described to be connected by the crack sample be positioned between the two with the permeable steel disc of semicircle of underlying crack shear.
At the above-mentioned crack shearing-seepage coupling test system for triaxial cell, it is characterized in that: described flow measurement device comprises the 3rd hydraulic valve and High Precision Automatic electronics balance; Described 3rd hydraulic valve is connected with infiltration outlet conduit, is connected with High Precision Automatic electronics balance down, High Precision Automatic electronics balance is connected with data acquisition processing device.
At the above-mentioned crack shearing-seepage coupling test system for triaxial cell, described data acquisition processing device comprises computer acquisition and disposal system.
Be applicable to a test method for the crack shear-seepage coupling test decorum of triaxial cell, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
Step 1, sampling dress sample: drill through key rock sample, adopts and improves Brazilian split the law and generate crack, by placement crack, sample end, the crack shear prepared, and puts into water shutoff gum cover and fills sample;
Step 2, triaxial chamber is oil-filled: after dress sample completes, close triaxial chamber, then the 5th hydraulic valve and the first hydraulic valve is opened successively, to triaxial cell's topping up force feed, to drive the air inside triaxial cell, hydraulic oil forms circulation by pipeline, illustrate that triaxial cell is full of, now close the first hydraulic valve;
Step 3, Mechanical loading: triaxial cell oil-filled full after, by confined pressure servo high-precision hydraulic pump, indoor for triaxial pressure pressure is applied to prospective method to force value, then open axial compression servo high-precision hydraulic pump and apply hydraulic pressure to the cylinder inside lifting jack, then by pressure piston, shear pressure value is applied to crack sample; Shear pressure loads can select displacement, axial strain rate, normal pressure gradient and varying stress gradient four kinds of modes to control, in order to carry out the Seepage Experiment in shear history, first adopt axial strain rate to control to apply shear displacemant to setting value when shear pressure loads, now in order to safeguard that shear displacemant is constant in this value, the load mode changing Chang Weiyi into loads, and corresponding shear pressure is by axial compression sensor Real-time Collection;
Step 4, fluid permeability; Specifically comprise following sub-step:
Step 4.1, sample saturation history: open the 3rd hydraulic valve and the 6th hydraulic valve successively, then by osmotic pressure servo high-precision hydraulic pump, adopts the saturated crack of distilled water, saturated object mainly drives the air in space, crack, and infiltrates the sillar around crack;
Step 4.2, permeability test: after sample is saturated, step applies osmotic pressure, after every grade of homeo-osmosis, is measured and record the flow in crack by High Precision Automatic electronics balance and data acquisition system (DAS), and under carrying out different hydraulic gradient, fracture seepage is tested;
Step 5, repeats step 3, keeps normal pressure value constant, applies shear displacemant to next stage setting value, and then repetition step 4 carries out the Seepage Experiment under current shear displacemant value; In normal direction and shear pressure overall process, by the current normal pressure of data acquisition system (DAS) real-time survey record crack sample, shear pressure value, normal direction, detrusion value, and the osmotic pressure value of survey record fluid permeability experiment and respective streams value; Data handling system draws out corresponding shear stress-shear displacemant, Normal Displacement-shear displacemant, permeability-shear displacemant, seepage flow nonlinear factor-shear displacemant, critical Reynolds number-shear displacemant curve, and carries out storing and showing; Repeat step 4 to step 5, until shear history terminates;
Step 6, sample is torn in release open: by closing the 4th hydraulic valve and the 5th hydraulic valve after computer acquisition and disposal system removal shear pressure, normal pressure to pipeline residual value, open the second hydraulic valve and the first hydraulic valve successively, the first hydraulic valve and the second hydraulic valve is closed successively after hydraulic oil emptying, open dismounting crack, triaxial cell sample, test complete.
The present invention compared with prior art, has the following advantages:
1. the present invention can complete the shear-seepage coupling test of rock fracture under different Normal stress condition, and process of the test is simple to operate, reliable results, and intuitively can show result;
2. what the present invention adopted is cylindrical crack sample, perfectly degree of laminating is had between crack sidewall and water shutoff gum cover, be placed in sealing triaxial chamber in sample sidewall and plastic sealing water be enclosed within any contact point place, any shear displacemant under all subject higher, stable confined pressure effect, even if under Thief zone hydraulic pressure and shear action, also can not there is seepage in current, thus under making the applying of Thief zone pressure and Complicated Loads condition, non linear fluid flow through porous medium test is carried out smoothly;
3. present invention achieves the shearing seepage flow in triaxial chamber, thus drastically increase accuracy of data acquisition and the synchronism of crack shear-seepage coupling test.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing 1 is applicable to the crack shearing-seepage coupling test system schematic diagram of triaxial cell for the present invention.
Accompanying drawing 2 is crack of the present invention shear schematic diagram;
Accompanying drawing 3 is A-A cross-sectional schematic in Fig. 2;
Accompanying drawing 4 is B-B cross-sectional schematic in Fig. 2;
Accompanying drawing 5 is C-C cross-sectional schematic in Fig. 2;
Accompanying drawing 6 is D-D cross-sectional schematic in Fig. 2.
In figure: 1 is lifting jack, 2 is rigidity shear pad, 3 is circular permeable steel disc, 4 is the first hydraulic valve, 5 is crack sample, 6 is L-type flexible shear pad, 7 is water shutoff gum cover, 8 is triaxial cell, 9 is water shutoff hoop, 10 is support, 11 is normal direction cyclic deformation meter, 12 is semicircle permeable steel disc, 13 is seepage pressure sensor, 14 is the second hydraulic valve, 15 is fluid recovery container, 16 is the 3rd hydraulic valve, 17 is High Precision Automatic electronics balance, 18 is axial compression servo high-precision hydraulic pump, 19 is the 4th hydraulic valve, 20 is axial compression sensor, 21 is confined pressure servo high-precision hydraulic pump, 22 is the 5th hydraulic valve, 23 is confined pressure sensor, 24 is water valve, 25 is water supply steel cylinder, 26 is osmotic pressure servo high-precision hydraulic pump, 27 is the 6th hydraulic valve, 28 is computer acquisition and disposal system, 29 is pressure piston, 30 is base, 31 is infiltration inlet pipeline, 32 is infiltration outlet conduit.
Embodiment
In order to the explanation the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearly understood, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further detailed.
Be applicable to a crack shearing-seepage coupling test system for triaxial cell, comprise crack shear, rock mechanical property device, seepage pressure servomechanism installation, flow measurement device and data acquisition processing device;
Described crack shear comprise for place crack sample 5 on put crack shear and underlying crack shear and water shutoff gum cover 7 and water shutoff hoop 9; Put crack shear on described and be positioned over crack sample 5 upper surface, described underlying crack shear is positioned over crack sample 5 lower surface; Put on described, underlying crack shear and crack sample 5 be cylindrical; Put on described, underlying crack shear structure is identical, being connected primarily of rigidity shear pad 2, L-type flexible shear pad 6, circular permeable steel disc 3, semicircle permeable steel disc 12 successively order is formed; Described crack sample 5, on put crack shear and underlying crack shear is encapsulated by water shutoff gum cover 7, and be fixed between pressure piston 29 and base 30 by water shutoff hoop 9;
Described rock mechanical property device, described seepage pressure servomechanism installation, described flow measurement device are connected with described crack shear respectively;
Described rock mechanical property device, described seepage pressure servomechanism installation, described flow measurement device are also connected with described data acquisition processing device respectively.
At the above-mentioned crack shearing-seepage coupling test system for triaxial cell, described rock mechanical property device comprises the first hydraulic valve 4, second hydraulic valve 14, the 4th hydraulic valve 19, the 5th hydraulic valve 22, axial compression servo high-precision hydraulic pump 18, confined pressure servo high-precision hydraulic pump 21, axial compression sensor 20, confined pressure sensor 23, lifting jack 1, pressure piston 29, triaxial cell 8, base 30, fluid recovery container 15; Described axial compression servo high-precision hydraulic pump 18, axial compression sensor 20, the 4th hydraulic valve 19, lifting jack 1 are linked in sequence successively, and described confined pressure servo high-precision hydraulic pump 21, confined pressure sensor 23, the 5th hydraulic valve 22 are linked in sequence successively; Upper end, triaxial cell 8 is connected with lifting jack 1 by pressure piston 29, and left end is connected with the 5th hydraulic valve 22, and right-hand member is connected with fluid recovery container 15 by the second hydraulic valve 14 respectively by the first hydraulic valve 4, lower end; Base 30 bottom triaxial cell 8 is connected with shear; Axial compression servo high-precision hydraulic pump 18, axial compression sensor 21, confined pressure servo high-precision hydraulic pump 20, confined pressure sensor 23 are also connected with data acquisition processing device respectively.
At the above-mentioned crack shearing-seepage coupling test system for triaxial cell, described seepage pressure servomechanism installation comprises water supply steel cylinder 25, water valve 24, osmotic pressure servo high-precision hydraulic pump the 26, the 6th hydraulic valve 27, seepage pressure sensor 13, infiltration inlet pipeline 31 and infiltration outlet conduit 32; Described water supply steel cylinder 25, water valve 24, osmotic pressure servo high-precision hydraulic pump the 26, the 6th hydraulic valve 27, seepage pressure sensor 13, infiltration inlet pipeline 31 successively order are connected; Be connected with underlying crack shear after being connected with seepage pressure sensor 13 before described infiltration inlet pipeline 31, before infiltration outlet conduit 32 with on put after crack shear is connected and be connected with flow measurement device, permeate outlet conduit 32 by crack sample 5 with permeate inlet pipeline 31 and be connected; Osmotic pressure servo high-precision hydraulic pump 26, seepage pressure sensor 13 are also connected with data acquisition processing device respectively.
At the above-mentioned crack shearing-seepage coupling test system for triaxial cell, it is characterized in that: put crack shear on described and be connected with pressure piston 29 lower end, the permeable steel disc 12 of circle putting crack shear on described is connected with lifting jack 1 by pressure piston 29, and the permeable steel disc 12 of circle putting crack shear on described is also connected with infiltration outlet conduit 32; Described underlying crack shear is connected with base 30 upper end, and the permeable steel disc 12 of circle of described underlying crack shear is connected with base 30, and the permeable steel disc of circle of described underlying crack shear is also connected with infiltration inlet pipeline 31; Put the permeable steel disc of semicircle of crack shear on described to be connected by the crack sample 5 be positioned between the two with the permeable steel disc of semicircle of underlying crack shear.
At the above-mentioned crack shearing-seepage coupling test system for triaxial cell, it is characterized in that: described flow measurement device comprises the 3rd hydraulic valve 16 and High Precision Automatic electronics balance 17; Described 3rd hydraulic valve 16 is connected with infiltration outlet conduit 32, is connected with High Precision Automatic electronics balance 17 down, High Precision Automatic electronics balance 17 is connected with data acquisition processing device.
At the above-mentioned crack shearing-seepage coupling test system for triaxial cell, described data acquisition processing device comprises computer acquisition and disposal system 28.
Particularly, pilot system of the present invention, comprises crack shear, rock mechanical property device, seepage pressure servomechanism installation, flow measurement device and data acquisition processing device.Described crack shear is made up of rigidity shear pad 2, L-type flexible shear pad 6, circular permeable steel disc 3, semicircle permeable steel disc 12, by respectively placing a pair crack shear at the upper and lower end face of crack sample 5, rigidity shear pad 2 and the greatest differences of L-type flexible shear pad 6 in rigidity is utilized to change axial stress into shear stress, the maximum shear displacemant providing 5mm; Rock mechanical property device can apply 0 ~ 60MPa normal pressure around crack sample 5, seepage pressure servomechanism installation can provide the water pressure of 0.1 ~ 30MPa, flow measurement device can realize water flow high precision (0.01g) continuous coverage, shear stress, the normal stress of data acquisition processing device energy Real-time Collection crack sample 5, cut displacement, Normal Displacement, the flow value of entrance point seepage pressure and endpiece, and draw the curves such as shear stress-shear displacemant, Normal Displacement-shear displacemant, permeability-shear displacemant, carry out storing and showing.Each system is described in detail as follows:
1, crack shear
Crack shear is made up of rigidity shear pad 2, L-type flexible shear pad 6, circular permeable steel disc 3, semicircle permeable steel disc 12, water shutoff hoop 9 and water shutoff gum cover 7, by respectively placing a pair crack shear at the upper and lower end face of crack sample 5, rigidity shear pad 2 and the greatest differences of L-type flexible shear pad 6 in rigidity is utilized to change axial stress into shear stress, the maximum shear displacemant providing maximum 5mm.Described crack shear is placed in triaxial cell 8, and L-type flexible shear pad 6, rigidity shear pad 2, semicircle permeable steel disc 12 successively order are connected, and at outer wrap water shutoff gum cover 7; By water shutoff hoop 9, by put circular permeable steel disc and be connected with lifting jack 1 by pressure piston 29, the permeable steel disc of underlying circle is connected with triaxial cell 8 base 30; On put, the permeable steel disc of underlying circle with infiltration outlet conduit 32, permeate inlet pipeline 31 and be connected respectively; On put, the permeable steel disc of underlying semicircle is connected by the middle crack sample 5 placed.Compared to the rectangular parallelepiped sample that traditional shear-seepage test unit adopts, what the present invention adopted is cylindrical crack sample, therefore has better degree of laminating between crack sidewall and water shutoff gum cover.Cylindrical crack sample is placed in and is full of in the sealing triaxial chamber of hydraulic oil, all subject higher, stable confined pressure effect under making crack sample sidewall and plastic sealing water be enclosed within any contact point place, any shear displacemant, thus effectively ensure that the water sealing effect in process of the test.
2, rock mechanical property device
Rock mechanical property device can realize hydrostatic compression, triaxial compressions overall process and add complicated stress environment process such as unloading circulation etc., easy to operate, automaticity is high, and pressure process is carried out completely under the control of the computer.Described rock mechanical property device is made up of axial compression, confined pressure servo module and triaxial cell 8, axially can apply 0 ~ 375MPa bias voltage at rock sample, side direction applies 0 ~ 60MPa confined pressure, and control accuracy of exerting pressure is 0.01MPa, and keeping stable in two months, error is no more than 1%.
Described rock mechanical property device comprises the first hydraulic valve 4, second hydraulic valve 14, the 4th hydraulic valve 19, the 5th hydraulic valve 22, axial compression servo high-precision hydraulic pump 18, confined pressure servo high-precision hydraulic pump 21, axial compression sensor 20, confined pressure sensor 23, lifting jack 1, pressure piston 29, triaxial cell 8, base 30, support 10, fluid recovery container 15.Described axial compression servo high-precision hydraulic pump 18, axial compression sensor 20, the 4th hydraulic valve 19, lifting jack 1 are linked in sequence successively, and described confined pressure servo high-precision hydraulic pump 21, confined pressure sensor 23, the 5th hydraulic valve 22 are linked in sequence successively; Upper end, triaxial cell 8 is connected with lifting jack 1 by pressure piston 29, base 30 is connected with crack shear, left end is connected with the 5th hydraulic valve 22, and right-hand member is connected with fluid recovery container 15 by the second hydraulic valve 14 respectively by the first hydraulic valve 4, lower end; Axial compression servo high-precision hydraulic pump 18, axial compression sensor 20, confined pressure servo high-precision hydraulic pump 21, confined pressure sensor 23 are connected with data acquisition processing device again respectively.
3, seepage pressure servomechanism installation
Seepage pressure servomechanism installation is made up of the steel cylinder 25 that supplies water, water valve 24, osmotic pressure servo high-precision hydraulic pump the 26, the 6th hydraulic valve 27, seepage pressure sensor 13, infiltration inlet pipeline 31 and infiltration outlet conduit 32, can provide the seepage water pressure of 0.1 ~ 30MPa, the applying of seepage pressure can select normal flow, normal pressure gradient, pressure changeable gradient and sinusoidal wave four kinds of modes to control.Described water supply steel cylinder 25, water valve 24, osmotic pressure servo high-precision hydraulic pump the 26, the 6th hydraulic valve 27, seepage pressure sensor 13, infiltration inlet pipeline 31 successively order are connected, and infiltration outlet conduit 32 is connected with infiltration inlet pipeline 31 by crack sample 5, is connected with flow measurement device.
4, flow measurement device
Flow measurement device comprises the 3rd hydraulic valve 16 and High Precision Automatic electronics balance 17, water flow high precision (0.01g) continuous coverage can be realized, described 3rd hydraulic valve 16 is connected with infiltration outlet conduit 32, be connected with High Precision Automatic electronics balance 17 down, High Precision Automatic electronics balance 17 is connected with data acquisition processing device.
5, data acquisition processing device
Data acquisition processing device comprises press-cutting stress, normal stress, seepage pressure data acquisition processing device, distortion detrusion, normal deformation data acquisition processing device and flow collection disposal system.Shear stress, the normal stress of data acquisition processing device energy Real-time Collection crack sample 5, cut displacement, Normal Displacement, the flow value of entrance point seepage pressure and endpiece, and draw the curves such as shear stress-shear displacemant, Normal Displacement-shear displacemant, permeability-shear displacemant, carry out storing and showing.Described detrusion is measured by axial LVDT, and normal deformation is measured by normal direction cyclic deformation meter 11.
Test method of the present invention, its embodiment is as follows:
Step 1, sampling dress sample.Drill through standard rock sample, adopts and improves Brazilian split the law generation crack.Shear is placed in crack sample 5 end for preparing, and puts into special water shutoff gum cover 7 and fill sample.
Step 2, triaxial chamber is oil-filled.After dress sample completes, close triaxial chamber, then opens the 5th hydraulic valve 22 and the first hydraulic valve 4 successively, to triaxial cell 8 topping up force feed, to drive the air inside triaxial cell 8.Hydraulic oil forms circulation by pipeline, illustrates that triaxial cell 8 is full of, now closes the first hydraulic valve 4.
Step 3, Mechanical loading.Triaxial cell oil-filled full after, by confined pressure servo high-precision hydraulic pump 21, pressure in triaxial cell 8 is applied to prospective method to force value.Then open axial compression servo high-precision hydraulic pump 18 and apply hydraulic pressure to the cylinder inside lifting jack 1, then by pressure piston 29, shear pressure value is applied to crack sample 5.Shear pressure loads can select displacement, axial strain rate, normal pressure gradient and varying stress gradient four kinds of modes to control, in order to carry out the Seepage Experiment in shear history, first adopt axial strain rate to control to apply shear displacemant to setting value when shear pressure loads, now in order to safeguard that shear displacemant is constant in this value, the load mode changing Chang Weiyi into loads, and corresponding shear pressure is by axial compression sensor 20 Real-time Collection.
Step 4, fluid permeability.Sample saturation history: open the 3rd hydraulic valve 16 and the 6th hydraulic valve 27 successively, then by osmotic pressure servo high-precision hydraulic pump 26, adopts the saturated crack of distilled water of low discharge (1ml/min).Saturated object mainly drives the air in space, crack, and infiltrates the sillar around crack.Permeability test: after sample is saturated, step applies osmotic pressure, after every grade of homeo-osmosis, is measured and record the flow in crack by High Precision Automatic electronics balance 17 and data acquisition system (DAS), and under carrying out different hydraulic gradient, fracture seepage is tested.
Step 5, repeats step 3, keeps normal pressure value constant, applies shear displacemant to next stage setting value, and then repetition step 4 carries out the Seepage Experiment under current shear displacemant value.In normal direction and shear pressure overall process, by the current normal pressure of data acquisition system (DAS) real-time survey record crack sample, shear pressure value, normal direction, detrusion value, and the osmotic pressure value of survey record fluid permeability experiment and respective streams value; Data handling system draw out cut accordingly cut answer power ?shear displacemant, ?shear displacemant is moved in normal direction position, ooze rate ?shear displacemant, seepage flow non-thread property coefficient ?shear displacemant, critical thunder promise number ?shear displacemant curve, and carry out storing and showing.Repeat above-mentioned steps, until shear history terminates.
Step 6, sample is torn in release open.By closing the 4th hydraulic valve 19 and the 5th hydraulic valve 22 after computer acquisition and disposal system 28 removal shear pressure, normal pressure to pipeline residual value.Open the second hydraulic valve 14 and the first hydraulic valve 4 successively, close the first hydraulic valve 4 and the second hydraulic valve 14 after hydraulic oil emptying successively, open triaxial cell 8 and remove crack sample 5, test complete.
Specific embodiment described herein is only to the explanation for example of the present invention's spirit.Those skilled in the art can make various amendment or supplement or adopt similar mode to substitute to described specific embodiment, but can't depart from spirit of the present invention or surmount the scope that appended claims defines.
Claims (7)
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| CN109187217B (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2019-09-10 | 北京交通大学 | The construction method of muddy water splitting crack extension model in a kind of cohesive soil stratum |
| CN109187217A (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2019-01-11 | 北京交通大学 | The construction method of muddy water splitting crack extension model in a kind of cohesive soil stratum |
| WO2020215346A1 (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2020-10-29 | 东北大学 | Rock triaxial direct shear test apparatus and method |
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