CN106442172B - Multiphase flow-stress coupling rock core shear test device and method thereof - Google Patents
Multiphase flow-stress coupling rock core shear test device and method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106442172B CN106442172B CN201610983812.1A CN201610983812A CN106442172B CN 106442172 B CN106442172 B CN 106442172B CN 201610983812 A CN201610983812 A CN 201610983812A CN 106442172 B CN106442172 B CN 106442172B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0025—Shearing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
- G01N2203/023—Pressure
- G01N2203/0232—High pressure
Abstract
The invention discloses a multiphase flow-stress coupling rock core shear test device and a multiphase flow-stress coupling rock core shear test method, and relates to rock mechanical test technology. The device is provided with a left shearing plate (2), a right shearing plate (3), a rubber sleeve (4), soft cement (5), a metal partition plate (6), a bottom plate (7), a displacement sensor (8), an axial displacement bracket (9), a displacement detection rod (10), a fixing clamp (11) and a radial displacement bracket (12). The method comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a rock core; (2) loading a sample; (3) applying confining pressure; (4) vacuumizing; (5) fluid balance; (6) shear testing; (7) and (5) finishing. The invention can complete the shearing test under high normal stress and high osmotic pressure, and has good sealing performance like a conventional triaxial test device; meanwhile, the multiphase fluid can be well controlled by means of the matrix suction force of the water permeable partition plate, and the advantages are not achieved by the conventional rock mass shearing device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a rock mechanics test technology, in particular to a multiphase flow-stress coupling rock core shear test device and a method thereof.
Background
Laboratory tests are one of the main methods for studying the mechanical properties of rock mass. In recent years, research on the mechanical properties of rock mass is developed towards the mechanical properties under complex conditions, such as high temperature, high stress, high osmotic pressure, multiphase fluid and the like. However, each condition needs to be greatly changed, and some of the current test devices even need to be improved from the aspect of basic structure. At present, multiphase flow-stress coupling test devices all have the problems of multiphase flow control and sealing of high-pressure seepage fluid. The current rock mass shear seepage test device mostly adopts a shear box, the shear box is difficult to seal high-pressure fluid, and the current fluid pressure is difficult to reach 10MPa; while the conventional triaxial compression shear test can seal fluid well, the normal stress on the shear plane cannot be adjusted independently. Therefore, a multiphase flow-stress coupling rock core shear test device is needed, the normal stress can be independently changed, and the control of multiphase fluid and the good sealing performance of high-pressure fluid can be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the sealing problem of high-pressure seepage fluid and the control problem of multiphase flow in a rock mass shear test, and provides a multiphase flow-stress coupling rock core shear test device and a method thereof on the basis of a triaxial press confining pressure chamber; the invention can apply constant normal stress to the shear surface of the rock core by means of confining pressure, and the normal stress is always equal to confining pressure; the high-pressure seepage fluid can be well sealed through the shearing plate and the soft cement with special designs, and the volume and the pressure of the fluid injected into the rock sample can be accurately controlled.
The invention is realized in such a way that:
according to the invention, axial pressure and confining pressure are provided for the shearing device by means of the triaxial press; the cutting of the core along the axial center surface can be completed through a specially designed cutting plate; the soft cement and the rubber sleeve with good plasticity can realize good sealing of high-pressure seepage fluid and confining pressure, the soft cement deforms along with shearing extrusion, but the soft cement always completely fills a shearing displacement area (namely an end notch of a shearing plate), so that no redundant dead space exists in the device, the rubber sleeve damage condition and the fluid leakage condition can not occur in the core shearing process, and the fluid volume injected into the core can be conveniently measured; the control of the multiphase fluid of water and gas can be realized by a shaft balancing technology and a dead space-free sealing method.
Specifically:
1. multiphase flow-stress coupling rock core shearing device (device for short)
The device comprises a rock core of a measured object;
the device is provided with a left shearing plate, a right left shearing plate, a rubber sleeve, soft cement, a metal partition plate, a bottom plate, a displacement sensor, an axial displacement bracket, a displacement detection rod, a fixing clamp and a radial displacement bracket;
the positions and the connection relations are as follows:
the left and right ends of the bottom plate are respectively provided with a left axial displacement bracket and a right axial displacement bracket, and the displacement brackets are in hard contact with the bottom plate and can freely move on the bottom plate; 3 radial displacement brackets are uniformly arranged in the middle of the bottom plate and are fixed on the bottom plate through fixing clamps, and the radial displacement brackets can slide along the radial direction but cannot shake along the axial direction;
the rock core is clamped between a left shear plate and a right shear plate which are arranged in a central symmetry manner;
soft cement and a metal partition plate are embedded in the end gaps of the left shearing plate and the right shearing plate; the rubber sleeve wraps the rock core, the soft cement and the metal partition plate and wraps part of the left shearing plate and the right shearing plate;
the thicker ends of the left shearing plate and the right shearing plate are respectively connected with an axial displacement bracket through screws;
the axial displacement bracket on the left side is provided with a displacement sensor, the axial displacement bracket on the right side is provided with a displacement detection rod, and the wide surface of the displacement detection rod is propped against the detection head of the displacement sensor, so that the monitoring of the axial deformation of the rock core is realized;
the upper ends of the 3 radial displacement brackets are respectively fixed with a displacement sensor, and the detection heads of the displacement sensors and the detection heads of the radial displacement brackets respectively prop against one side of the outer wall of the rock core, so that the monitoring of the radial deformation of the rock core is realized.
2. Multiphase flow-stress coupling rock core shear test method (short method)
The method comprises the following steps:
(1) core preparation
The rock to be tested is made into a round cylinder-core meeting the test requirement, and the end face and the side face of the core are polished to be smooth and level, and the integrity of the core is ensured;
(2) sample loading
A polytetrafluoroethylene film is attached to the side surface of the core and then is arranged in the middle of the rubber sleeve, so that friction force between the core and the rubber sleeve is reduced; embedding soft cement and a metal partition plate into end gaps of the left shearing plate and the right shearing plate, and then connecting the soft cement and the metal partition plate with a rubber sleeve; the end parts of the left shearing plate and the right shearing plate are fixed with axial displacement brackets, then the whole shear plate is transversely arranged on a bottom plate provided with 3 radial displacement brackets, displacement sensors are arranged on the left axial displacement bracket and the 3 radial displacement brackets, and a displacement detection rod is arranged on the right axial displacement bracket; placing the device into a confining pressure chamber, and connecting a corresponding displacement sensor and a fluid pipeline;
(3) applying confining pressure
Applying a predetermined confining pressure to the core according to the test requirements;
(4) vacuumizing
Vacuumizing the rock core for 24 hours to keep a certain vacuum degree in the pipeline and the rock core;
(5) fluid balancing
Injecting deionized water into the core through the fluid pipeline of the left shear plate 2, keeping the right side pressure and the left side pressure of the core for 4 hours after the right side pressure and the left side pressure of the core are balanced, and then injecting gas into the core through the fluid pipeline of the right shear plate; balancing for 4 hours after the flow of the gas injection flow pump is zero;
(6) shear test
Each sensor is tested, and then axial stress is applied according to a preset mode to perform a shear test;
(7) finishing
After the test is finished, the test data are stored in time; then unloading pore pressure and then unloading confining pressure; and finally, finishing the experimental equipment.
The invention has the following advantages and positive effects:
1. the device adopts the cylindrical rock core, so that the normal stress on the shearing surface is always consistent with the confining pressure of the confining pressure chamber, constant normal stress boundary conditions are realized, and the normal stress is adjustable, which is not achieved by the shearing box;
2. the device adopts the shaft balancing technology, the gas phase pressure can be higher than the liquid phase pressure by means of the matrix suction force of the water permeable partition plate, and the gas can not enter the liquid phase pipeline through the water permeable partition plate, so that the control of multiphase fluid is realized;
3. the device completely fills the shearing area through the soft cement, the soft cement has good plasticity, and the device has no redundant dead space in the test process, so that the multiphase fluid injected into the rock core is conveniently metered;
4. the device adopts the rock core and the shearing area of the shearing plate is completely filled by soft cement, so that the sealing is convenient, the device can bear larger confining pressure, and the rubber sleeve can not be damaged in the shearing process.
5. The device and the fluid pipeline are made of stainless steel, and the rubber sleeve has certain corrosion resistance and high temperature resistance and acid and alkali resistance, so that the reaction of fluid with certain pH value and rock can be completed, and the seepage-stress-reaction coupling rock core shear test can be realized.
In a word, the invention can complete the shearing test under high normal stress and high osmotic pressure, and has good sealing performance as the conventional triaxial test device; meanwhile, the multiphase fluid can be well controlled by means of the matrix suction force of the water permeable partition plate, and the advantages are not achieved by the conventional rock mass shearing device.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view (front view, longitudinal section) of the structure of the present device;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view (top view, cross section) of the present apparatus;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view A-A of the present device;
FIG. 4 is a section B-B of the present device;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of the base plate 7 and a C-C sectional view thereof;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the fixing card 11.
In the figure:
1-core;
2-a left shearing plate,
2-1 parts of plugs, 2-2 parts of water permeable partition plates, 2-3 parts of sealing rings and 2-4 parts of rubber sleeve sealing rings;
3-right shear plate;
4, rubber sleeve;
5-soft cement;
6-a metal separator;
7-a bottom plate,
8-a displacement sensor;
9-axial (X-direction) displacement support;
10-a displacement detection rod;
11-a fixing clip;
12-radial (Y-direction) displacement support;
a. b-left and right fluid channels.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description is made with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples:
1. overall (L)
As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, the device comprises a core 1 of a measured object;
the device is provided with a left shearing plate 2, a right left shearing plate 3, a rubber sleeve 4, soft cement 5, a metal partition plate 6, a bottom plate 7, a displacement sensor 8, an axial displacement bracket 9, a displacement detection rod 10, a fixing clamp 11 and a radial displacement bracket 12;
the positions and the connection relations are as follows:
the left and right ends of the bottom plate 7 are respectively provided with a left axial displacement bracket 9 and a right axial displacement bracket 9, and the displacement brackets 9 are in hard contact with the bottom plate 7 and can freely move on the bottom plate 7; 3 radial displacement brackets 12 are uniformly arranged in the middle of the bottom plate 7 and are fixed on the bottom plate 7 through fixing clamps 11, and the radial displacement brackets 12 can slide along the radial direction but cannot shake along the axial direction;
the rock core 1 is clamped between a left shear plate 2 and a right shear plate 3 which are arranged in a central symmetry manner;
soft cement 5 and a metal partition plate 6 are embedded in the end gaps of the left and right shearing plates 2 and 3; the rubber sleeve 4 wraps the core 1, the soft cement 5 and the metal partition plate 6 and wraps part of the left and right shearing plates 2 and 3;
the thicker ends of the left and right shearing plates 2, 3 are respectively connected with 1 axial displacement bracket 9 through screws;
the left axial displacement bracket 9 is provided with a displacement sensor 8, the right axial displacement bracket 9 is provided with a displacement detection rod 10, and the wide surface of the displacement detection rod 10 is propped against the detection head of the displacement sensor 8 to realize the monitoring of the axial deformation of the rock core 1;
the upper ends of the 3 radial displacement brackets 12 are respectively fixed with a displacement sensor 8, and the detection heads of the displacement sensors 8 and the detection heads of the radial displacement brackets 12 respectively prop against one side of the outer wall of the rock core 1, so that the monitoring of the radial deformation of the rock core 1 is realized.
2. Functional component
1) Core 1
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, the core 1 is a cylinder made of the rock to be tested and has a flat surface.
2) Left shear plate 2
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the left shear plate 2 is a high-strength stainless steel block body, and is an integral structure formed by sequentially combining a large cylinder, a middle cylinder and a semi-cylinder from left to right; a plug 2-1, a permeable separator 2-2 and a sealing ring 2-3 are sequentially arranged in the left shear plate 2 along the central line, a rubber sleeve sealing ring 2-4 is arranged in the middle of the outer wall of the left shear plate 2, and a left fluid channel a is arranged in the left shear plate 2.
Its function is to transfer the shear force exerted by the axial pressure of the triaxial press on the core 1 and to inject fluid at the end face of the core 1.
* Plug 2-1: is a stainless steel circular plate with threads on the side surface, and has the function of compacting the permeable separator 2-2 through the sealing ring 2-3.
* Water permeable separator 2-2: is a clay plate with high air inlet value commonly used in soil mechanics tests;
the function of the ceramic plate is to allow water to permeate through the ceramic plate under certain gas pressure, and gas cannot pass through the ceramic plate;
the principle is that by means of the axial translation technology of unsaturated soil, as a certain difference exists between the pore air pressure and the pore water pressure in the unsaturated soil, the difference is also called as matrix suction; the pore pressure is always high in pressure, the pore pressure in the soil body is changed, the pore pressure is changed along with the pore pressure, the difference between the pore pressure and the pore pressure is not larger than the matrix suction force of the soil body, and finally, water in the soil body can enter and exit the soil body along with the change of the pore pressure; therefore, by means of the matrix suction force of the clay plate with high air inlet value, water can move through the clay plate and gas cannot pass through the clay plate, the gas pressure is higher than the water pressure, and therefore water or gas can only enter and exit from one end, and control of two-phase fluid is achieved.
* 2-3 of sealing ring and 2-4 of rubber sleeve sealing ring: is a common O-shaped sealing ring.
* Fluid channel a
As shown in fig. 1, the fluid passage a is an L-shaped fine hole bored in the inside of the left shear plate 2;
its function is to inject external fluid through the water permeable barrier 2-2 to the end face of the core 1.
3) Right shear plate 3
As in fig. 1 and 2, the right shear plate 3 and the left shear plate 2 are shaped, and only a rubber sleeve sealing ring and a high-strength stainless steel block body with a right fluid passage b therein are arranged in the middle of the outer wall.
Its function is to transmit the axial pressure of the triaxial press, applying shear forces to the core 1.
* Fluid channel b
As shown in fig. 1, the fluid passage b is an L-shaped fine hole bored in the inside of the right shear plate 3;
its function is to inject external fluid into the end face of the core 1;
4) Rubber sleeve 4
The rubber sleeve 4 is a tubular shell made of trifluoroethylene rubber;
the hydraulic oil isolating the confining pressure chamber exerts normal stress on the rock core and can prevent seepage fluid from channeling into the confining pressure chamber.
5) Soft cement 5
The soft cement 5 is a semi-cylindrical block body which is made of silica gel and is matched with an end notch of the shear plate;
its function is to completely fill the shear displacement region; it can be deformed arbitrarily but has small compressibility after being stressed.
6) Metal separator 6
The metal separator 6 is a semicircular aluminum sheet with water trough lines on the surface, which is matched with the soft cement 5.
Its function is to prevent soft cement 5 from penetrating into core 1, enlarge the area of contact of fluid and core 1 surface.
7) Bottom plate 7
As shown in fig. 1 and 5, the bottom plate 7 is a stainless steel rectangular plate with two hollowed-out grooves;
its function is to support the left and right shear plates 2, 3 and to fix the radial displacement brackets 12, and to make the positions of the radial displacement brackets 12 adjustable.
8) Displacement sensor 8
The displacement sensor 8 is a commonly used high-precision small-range displacement sensor;
its function is to determine the deformation of the core 1 in the axial and radial directions.
9) Axial displacement support 9
As shown in fig. 4, the axial displacement bracket 9 is a nearly Y-shaped metal bracket;
the function of which is to support the transverse left and right shear plates 2, 3 and the core 1 and to transmit the axial displacement of the shear plates to the displacement sensor 8.
10 A) displacement detecting rod 10
Referring to fig. 1, a displacement detecting rod 10 is a metal rod having a large circular surface at one end;
its function is to transmit the displacement of the right shear plate 3 to the displacement sensor 8.
11 Fixing clip 11)
As shown in fig. 6, the fixing card 11 is a semi-rectangular metal card;
its function is to fix the radial displacement bracket 12, not to allow the radial displacement bracket 12 to rock axially, but to allow it to slide freely in the radial direction.
12 Radial displacement bracket 12)
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the radial displacement bracket 12 is a metal framework with a flat and smooth U-shaped bottom;
its function is to fix the displacement sensor 8 and to monitor the radial deformation of the core 1.
3. Principle of operation
The device adopts the cylindrical rock core 1, so that the normal stress on the shearing surface is always equal to confining pressure in the shearing test process, and constant normal stress boundary conditions can be realized; the shearing stress can be concentrated on the shearing surface of the rock core 1 through the shearing plate, so that the shearing moment is reduced, and the eccentric problem during shearing is avoided.
The semi-cylindrical soft cement 5 and the metal partition plate 6 are arranged at the notch of the shear plate, so that the shear displacement area can be completely filled without leaving dead space; in the shearing process, the core 1 continuously extrudes the soft cement 5 and the metal partition plate 6, the soft cement 5 can deform, so that the space of the shearing displacement area is in a completely filled state when reduced, the stress of the soft cement 5 on the core 1 is always equal to the external confining pressure, and the shear stress born by the core 1 is ensured to be calculated.
The water permeable partition plates 2-2 are arranged in the left shear plate 2, and only water can pass through the water permeable partition plates under the limited gas pressure, but the gas cannot pass through the water permeable partition plates, so that the gas and the water with higher water pressure can be injected into the rock core 1 at the same time, and the gas cannot permeate through the water permeable partition plates to flow into the water flow channels, thereby realizing the control of multiphase fluid.
Claims (2)
1. A multiphase flow-stress coupling rock core shear test device comprises a rock core (1) of a tested object;
the method is characterized in that:
the device is provided with a left shearing plate (2), a right shearing plate (3), a rubber sleeve (4), soft cement (5), a metal partition plate (6), a bottom plate (7), a displacement sensor (8), an axial displacement bracket (9), a displacement detection rod (10), a fixing clamp (11) and a radial displacement bracket (12);
the positions and the connection relations are as follows:
the left and right ends of the upper surface of the bottom plate (7) are respectively provided with a left axial displacement bracket (9) and a right axial displacement bracket (9), and the displacement brackets (9) are in hard contact with the bottom plate (7); 3 radial displacement brackets (12) are uniformly arranged in the middle of the bottom plate (7) and are fixed on the bottom plate (7) through fixing clamps (11);
the core (1) is clamped between the left shear plate (2) and the right shear plate (3) which are arranged in a central symmetry manner;
soft cement (5) and a metal partition plate (6) are embedded in the end gaps of the left shearing plate (2) and the right shearing plate (3); the rubber sleeve (4) wraps all the rock core (1), the soft cement (5) and the metal partition plate (6) and wraps part of the left and right shearing plates (2, 3);
the thicker ends of the left shearing plate (2) and the right shearing plate (3) are respectively connected with 1 axial displacement bracket (9) through screws;
the left axial displacement bracket (9) is provided with a displacement sensor (8), the right axial displacement bracket (9) is provided with a displacement detection rod (10), and the wide surface of the displacement detection rod (10) is propped against the detection head of the displacement sensor (8) to realize the monitoring of the axial deformation of the rock core (1);
the upper ends of the 3 radial displacement brackets (12) are respectively fixed with a displacement sensor (8), and the detection heads of the displacement sensors (8) and the detection heads of the radial displacement brackets (12) respectively prop against one side of the outer wall of the rock core (1) to realize the monitoring of the radial deformation of the rock core (1);
the left shearing plate (2) is a high-strength stainless steel block body and is of an integral structure formed by sequentially combining a large cylinder, a middle cylinder and a semi-cylinder from left to right; a plug (2-1), a permeable partition plate (2-2) and a sealing ring (2-3) are sequentially arranged in the left shear plate (2) along the central line, a rubber sleeve sealing ring (2-4) is arranged in the middle of the outer wall of the left shear plate (2), and a left fluid channel (a) is arranged in the left shear plate (2);
the right shearing plate (3) and the left shearing plate (2) are the same in shape, and a rubber sleeve sealing ring and a high-strength stainless steel block body with a right fluid channel (b) are arranged in the middle of the outer wall.
2. A method of shear testing a device according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) core preparation
The rock to be tested is made into a circular cylinder which meets the test requirement, namely a rock core (1), and the end face and the side face of the rock core (1) are polished to be smooth and flat, and the integrity of the rock core (1) is ensured;
(2) sample loading
A polytetrafluoroethylene film is stuck on the side surface of the rock core (1) and then is put in the middle of the rubber sleeve (4) so as to reduce the friction force between the rock core (1) and the rubber sleeve (4); the soft cement (5) and the metal partition plate (6) are embedded in the end gaps of the left shearing plate (2) and the right shearing plate (3) and then are connected with the rubber sleeve (4); the axial displacement brackets (9) are fixed at the end parts of the left shearing plate (2) and the right shearing plate (3), then the whole shear plate is transversely arranged on the bottom plate (7) provided with 3 radial displacement brackets (12), 1 displacement sensor (8) is respectively arranged on the left axial displacement bracket (9) and the 3 radial displacement brackets (12), and the displacement detection rod (10) is arranged on the right axial displacement bracket (9); the device is placed in a confining pressure chamber and is connected with a corresponding displacement sensor (8) and a fluid pipeline;
(3) applying confining pressure
Applying a predetermined confining pressure to the core (1) according to predetermined requirements of the test;
(4) vacuumizing
Vacuumizing the core (1) for 24 hours to keep a certain vacuum degree in the pipeline and the core (1);
(5) fluid balancing
Injecting deionized water into the core (1) through a fluid pipeline of the left shear plate (2), keeping the right side pressure and the left side pressure of the core (1) constant for 4 hours, and then injecting gas into the core (1) through a fluid pipeline of the right shear plate (3); balancing for 4 hours after the flow of the gas injection flow pump is zero;
(6) shear test
Each sensor is tested, and then axial stress is applied according to a preset mode to perform a shear test;
(7) finishing
After the test is finished, the test data are stored in time; then unloading the void pressure and then unloading the confining pressure; and finally, finishing the experimental equipment.
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| CN110044730B (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2021-09-28 | 东北大学 | Rock triaxial direct shearing experimental device and method |
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