CN106950115B - The full-hole core hydrofracturing ultrasonic detection method of axial stress independent loads - Google Patents
The full-hole core hydrofracturing ultrasonic detection method of axial stress independent loads Download PDFInfo
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- CN106950115B CN106950115B CN201710281236.0A CN201710281236A CN106950115B CN 106950115 B CN106950115 B CN 106950115B CN 201710281236 A CN201710281236 A CN 201710281236A CN 106950115 B CN106950115 B CN 106950115B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0658—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using acoustic or ultrasonic detectors
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Abstract
The present invention relates to full-hole core hydrofracturing ultrasonic detection method under the conditions of a kind of axial stress independent loads, axial loading system is designed as two semi-cylindrical anvils, and two sets of independent axial loads can be provided on rock core end face.Axial loading system provides pressure by hydraulic pump, via controllable valve, the semicircle anvil transmitting of two into clamper is hydraulic respectively, the semicircle anvil is movable part, can generate displacement in the axial direction, two sets of axial stresses can be generated in the rock core in clamper.Receiving transducer occurs equipped with ultrasonic wave on anvil end face, after rock core stress deformation is stablized, fracturing fluid is injected in Xiang Yanxin centre bore, generates the crack of certain form, crack extends generally direction and expanded range and can be detected with ultrasonic technology.The present invention is a kind of suitable for studying the evaluation method of hydraulic fracture and intrinsic fracture propagation law under complicated field stress state, and design is scientific and reasonable for this method, and evaluation method is accurate, creativeness with higher.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Oil and Natural Gas Engineering fields, are related to the laboratory experiment evaluation of exploitation of oil-gas field technology, especially
It is a kind of full-hole core hydrofracturing ultrasonic detection method of axial stress independent loads.
Background technique
Conventional hydraulic fracturing simulated experiment principle is to depress in confining pressure and axis, injects pipeline into rock core by fracturing fluid
Inject fracturing fluid, while external sensor monitors load stress and pump pressure, record under the conditions of different triaxial stress tests pump pressure with
The curve of time, to study the relationship of triaxial stress Yu hydraulic fracturing fracture pressure.
Conventional method can only provide a set of axis pressure load on end face, and practical geological state is under the disturbance of intrinsic fracture,
Crustal stress is not necessarily worth, and actual formation rock stress may be the situation of the complexity such as distortion, shearing, therefore passes
Uniting technical method can only be under the single stress of simulation rock, can not simulation rock distortion or shearing stress.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention in place of overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of the complete straight of axial stress independent loads
Diameter rock core hydrofracturing ultrasonic wave detecting system and its evaluation method, to measure full-hole core hydraulic pressure under triaxial state of stress
The parameters,acoustic of hydraulic fracture during fracturing.
The technical proposal for solving the technical problem of the invention is:
A kind of full-hole core hydrofracturing ultrasonic detection method of axial stress independent loads, in same rock core end face
Upper to apply two sets or more different load, the numerical value and ratio of every set load and individually adjust, every set load is and ultrasonic probe
Connection detects the extension situation of hydraulic fracture in the full diameter range of rock core by ultrasonic probe.
The detection system for realizing the detection method includes core holding unit, ultrasonic wave detecting system, hydraulic loaded G system
And pressure break liquid injection system, the hydraulic loaded G system include that two sets of axis press loading device, a set of confining pressure loading device
And hydraulic pump, hydraulic pump are separately connected two sets of axis pressure loading devices, a set of confining pressure loading device, the axis pressure loading device is
A pair of semicircular anvil, is respectively symmetrically mounted on the top surface and bottom surface of core holding unit interior cylindrical rock core half portion；Two sets of axis pressures
Loading device be able to cover the end face of entire rock core, fluted in the wheat flour that anvil is contacted with rock core, and ultrasound is embedded in groove
Probe.
A kind of full-hole core hydrofracturing ultrasonic detection method of axial stress independent loads, it is characterised in that: tool
Steps are as follows for body:
(1) aperture is drilled through in rock core end face, is inserted into fracturing fluid injection pipe and fixation, the ultrasonic wave on the anvil end face of bottom
Core holding unit is packed at probe after daubing coupling agent, is reloaded into rock core；
(2) top anvil is packed into rock core folder by the appropriate daubing coupling agent at the ultrasonic probe on the anvil end face of top
Holder, it is ensured that the fracturing fluid injection pipeline being fixed in rock core can pass through top anvil central aperture；
(3) hydraulic, air pressure pipeline and ultrasonic wave transmitting are connected, receives cable and fracturing fluid injection pipeline；
(4) controllable valve is operated, loads a small amount of axis pressure at rock core both ends, then open air pressure pipeline, sonic probe is in air pressure
Effect is lower can be with the further good coupling in rock core end face, and then load confining pressure is to setting pressure, last operation valve, loading axis pressure
To setting load, rock core 1 hour is stood, to rock core fully deformed；
(5) open ultrasonic wave transmitting receive system, adjustment oscillograph is until apparent signature waveform can be shown, then opens
Dynamic constant-flux pump, is pumped into fracturing fluid into rock core with constant flow rate, after rock core is pressed off, extra fracturing fluid can be by bottom anvil
The aperture in centre flows out；
(6) curve that record triaxial stress changes over time, directly rupture of the reading rock core under the condition of triaxial stress
Pressure, while according to record horizontal, longitudinal wave velocity and amplitude of wave form in different time points oscillograph, water in different time sections is described
Power crack is from forming up to completely through the process of rock core.
The advantages and positive effects of the present invention are:
1, the present invention is not directly to make single axial load compared with conventional full-hole core Hydraulic Fracturing Experiment
For rock core end face, but two semicircle anvils with independent hydraulically controlled feed path are used, realized in same rock core end face
Two sets of different load of upper application, and the numerical value of two sets of load, ratio can be adjusted arbitrarily, and having filled up the prior art cannot achieve
The blank of core axis pressure independent loads.
2, the present invention each semicircle anvil end be mounted with ultrasonic excitation receiving transducer, amount to four ultrasonic waves
Excitation receive dual-purpose probe, while guaranteeing that acoustic beam covers entire full-hole core, and guarantee acoustic beam Relatively centralized, meet
The needs of lateral resolution.
3, this experimental system and evaluation method introduce rock core physical experiments method, from stress loading mode and crack
Detection method these two aspects extends traditional triaxial stress hydraulic fracturing simulated experiment, can not only realize the mean value of rock core end face
Load, additionally it is possible to which two sets of independent axis pressure loads, state of the simulation rock under the conditions of by shearing force or distortion power are provided.
4, this experimental system and evaluation method can be realized fracture and more sent out by freestanding axis pressure loading method
Educate the simulation of stress transfer mode in stratum.
5, the present invention is a kind of full-hole core hydrofracturing ultrasonic wave detecting system of axial stress independent loads and comments
Valence method, design is scientific and reasonable for the system, and evaluation method is accurate, creativeness with higher.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is this system catenation principle figure；
Fig. 2 is the control area schematic diagram of four probes after load；
Fig. 3 is the sound width data of coaxial 1 detection of pressure load probe；
Fig. 4 is the sound width data of coaxial 2 detection of pressure load probe；
Fig. 5 is the sound width data of coaxial 3 detection of pressure load probe；
Fig. 6 is the sound width data of coaxial 4 detection of pressure load probe；
Fig. 7 is the sound width data of 1 detection of independent axes pressure load probe；
Fig. 8 is the sound width data of 2 detection of independent axes pressure load probe；
Fig. 9 is the sound width data of 3 detection of independent axes pressure load probe；
Figure 10 is the sound width data of 4 detection of independent axes pressure load probe.
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawing and by specific embodiment, and following embodiment is descriptive
, it is not restrictive, this does not limit the scope of protection of the present invention.
A kind of full-hole core hydrofracturing ultrasonic wave detecting system of axial stress independent loads, including core holding unit
3, ultrasonic wave detecting system, hydraulic loaded G system and pressure break liquid injection system.
The ultrasonic wave detecting system includes computer 1, oscillograph 2, ultrasonic signal cable 11 and ultrasonic probe 10, meter
Calculation machine connects oscillograph, and oscillograph passes through four ultrasonic probes of ultrasonic cable connection.
The pressure break liquid injection system includes constant-flux pump 5 and fracturing fluid injection pipe 12, and constant-flux pump connects fracturing fluid injection
Pipe, fracturing fluid injection pipe are inserted into rock core from the end face center of rock core.
The hydraulic loaded G system includes that two sets of axis press loading device, a set of confining pressure loading device and hydraulic pump 4, liquid
Press pump is separately connected two sets of axis pressure loading devices, and a set of confining pressure loading device, the confining pressure loading device is to clamp in rock core
The external cylindrical surface of device is set with packing element 6, and packing element connects hydraulic pump by hydraulic valve 8 and hydraulic line 7, and the axis presses loading device
It is a pair of semicircular anvil 9, is respectively symmetrically mounted on the top surface and bottom surface of core holding unit interior cylindrical rock core half portion；Two sets of axis
Pressure loading device be able to cover the end face of entire rock core.Anvil connects hydraulic pump by hydraulic valve and hydraulic line.In each pressure
The face contacted on anvil with rock core is formed with a groove, and ultrasonic probe is embedded in groove.
By simulation condition of triaxial stress, constant-flux pump 5 injects pipeline by fracturing fluid and conveys fracturing fluid into rock core this system
And crack, ultrasonic probe 10 detects crackle, is transferred to oscillograph 2 by signal cable 11, is finally transmitted to and its phase
Connect computer 1 and record data, the liquid of pressure break rock core is finally released by blow-down pipe 13.
The innovation of the invention consists in that:
1, two sets of axis pressure loading devices can generate two sets of different axis pressures on same rock core end face, and two sets of axis press numerical value
And ratio can be adjusted arbitrarily.When loading axis pressure, by operating hydraulic valve, ipsilateral upper and lower two anvils 9 are under hydraulic action
A small amount of relative displacements are generated, certain load is applied to rock core, later by operation hydraulic valve, hydraulic pump and the other side can be connected to
Upper and lower two anvils, generate another set of axial load on another side end face of rock core.
2, fluted, embedded ultrasonic probe 10 is processed on 9 end face of anvil, the ultrasonic probe is that excitation reception is dual-purpose
Probe, and can excite receive shear wave and longitudinal wave, the switching of wave mode can be realized by the software kit installed on operation computer.
Because using two ultrasonic probes 10 on same end face, it both ensure that ultrasonic acoustic beam to the transverse direction on core diameter direction
Covering, and can guarantee single acoustic beam Relatively centralized to improve lateral resolution, there is important meaning to the monitoring that hydraulic fracture is formed
Justice.The ultrasonic probe is not simultaneously in excitation and reception pattern, can not emit shear wave and longitudinal wave simultaneously.
The tooling that the present invention uses is the conventional equipment of this field, therefore does not specifically describe its structure.
A kind of full-hole core hydrofracturing ultrasonic wave detecting system test method of axial stress independent loads is specific
Steps are as follows:
1, according to diameter 10cm, the dimensions machining experiment rock core of 10~15cm of length drills through straight on core intersection
The liquid injection hole of diameter 0.7cm is subsequently mounted liquid injection pipe and is fixed.
2, the ultrasonic probe 4 on 9 end face of anvil is smeared into appropriate water base couplant, and bottom anvil is mounted on rock core folder
3 bottom of holder, is subsequently filled into rock core.
3, installation top anvil, connects hydraulic line and ultrasonic signal cable.
4, hydraulic to anvil with hydraulic pump transmitting, a small amount of axial load is applied to rock core, makes anvil end face and rock core end face
Further coupling, designing load confining pressure and axis pressure, stablize 1 hour waiting rock core fully deformed later.
5, open Chao Shengjifa receiving transducer 10, controlled and switched by computer 1 two groups of probes horizontal P wave emission and
It receives, observation oscilloscope upper ripple deformation, adjusts waveform phase and amplitude is shown, read the horizontal longitudinal wave velocity and vibration of two groups of probes
Width, and record data.
Fig. 3~Figure 10 reflects the relationship that each probe involves ultrasonic amplitude and stress in range.When stress increases
By force, ultrasonic velocity and amplitude increase with stress and are increased, but if when rock core intensity deficiency or naturally occurring internal flaw, just
Rupture can be generated under condition of high ground stress, the velocity of sound and sonic wave amplitude all can at this time, hence it is evident that decline.
When coaxial load, as seen in figures 3-6, the stress that four probe faces are loaded is identical, wherein probe 1 and probe 2 are anti-
It has reflected ultrasonic amplitude to fall after rising with increasing for stress, has illustrated to break inside rock core in stress loading to 20MPa or so
It splits, hinders the propagation of sound wave；3 and 4 sides of probe, magnitudes of acoustic waves increase to stablize with stress and rise, therefore illustrate to destroy and only collect
In pop one's head in 1,2 sides.
When independent loads, two lateral stresses are different, and probe 1,2 and probe 3,4 are reflected respectively under different stress conditions, rock
The integrity degree of the heart.It is lower from the stress that can be seen that 1,2 sides of probe in Fig. 7-10, it is only loaded into 15MPa and is just no longer promoted.
In 3,4 sides of popping one's head in, when stress loading to 20MPa or so, magnitudes of acoustic waves is substantially reduced, and is illustrated in high stress side,
It is destroyed inside rock core.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of full-hole core hydrofracturing ultrasonic detection method of axial stress independent loads, it is characterised in that: same
Apply two sets of different load on one rock core end face, the numerical value and ratio of every set load individually adjusts, every set load with ultrasound
Wave probe connection detects the extension situation of hydraulic fracture in the full diameter range of rock core by ultrasonic probe, and then more accurate
Ground judgement destroys the region concentrated, and realizes that the detection system of the detection method includes core holding unit, ultrasonic wave detecting system, liquid
Pressure load G system and pressure break liquid injection system, the hydraulic loaded G system includes that two sets of axis press loading device, a set of
Confining pressure loading device and hydraulic pump, hydraulic pump are separately connected two sets of axis pressure loading devices, a set of confining pressure loading device, the axis
Pressure loading device is a pair of semicircular anvil, is respectively symmetrically mounted on the top surface and bottom of core holding unit interior cylindrical rock core half portion
Face；Two sets of axis pressure loading devices be able to cover the end face of entire rock core, fluted in the wheat flour that anvil is contacted with rock core, in groove
Interior embedded ultrasonic probe.
2. the full-hole core hydrofracturing ultrasonic detection method of axial stress independent loads according to claim 1,
It is characterized by: specific step is as follows:
(1) aperture is drilled through in rock core end face, is inserted into fracturing fluid injection pipe and fixation, the ultrasonic probe on the anvil end face of bottom
It is packed into core holding unit after place's daubing coupling agent, is reloaded into rock core；
(2) top anvil is packed into core holding unit by the appropriate daubing coupling agent at the ultrasonic probe on the anvil end face of top,
Top anvil central aperture can be passed through by ensuring to be fixed on the fracturing fluid injection pipeline in rock core；
(3) hydraulic, air pressure pipeline and ultrasonic wave transmitting are connected, receives cable and fracturing fluid injection pipeline；
(4) controllable valve is operated, loads a small amount of axis pressure at rock core both ends, then open air pressure pipeline, sonic probe is in gas pressure
Under can with the further good coupling in rock core end face, then load confining pressure to pressure is set, last operation valve, loading axis, which is depressed into, to be set
Determine load, rock core 1 hour is stood, to rock core fully deformed；
(5) open ultrasonic wave transmitting receive system, adjustment oscillograph is until apparent signature waveform can be shown, then starts flat
Stream pump, is pumped into fracturing fluid into rock core with constant flow rate, after rock core is pressed off, extra fracturing fluid can be by bottom anvil center
The aperture at position flows out；
(6) curve that record triaxial stress changes over time, directly fracture pressure of the reading rock core under the condition of triaxial stress,
Simultaneously according to record horizontal, longitudinal wave velocity and amplitude of wave form in different time points oscillograph, describes waterpower in different time sections and split
Seam is from forming up to completely through the process of rock core.
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| CN107991164B (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2019-08-20 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of sea bed gas hydrate rock core sound wave type plane strain instrument device |
| CN107830960B (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2018-10-30 | 中国地质科学院地质力学研究所 | A kind of hydrofracturing packer device |
| CN109459318A (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2019-03-12 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of active and passive real-time sonic test approved sample device and method of rock failure mechanism of rock process |
| CN109883816B (en) * | 2019-04-08 | 2021-04-13 | 大连理工大学 | Device suitable for sound wave triaxial test and implementation method thereof |
| CN113075044A (en) * | 2021-03-23 | 2021-07-06 | 扬州华宝石油仪器有限公司 | Full-diameter core fracturing slit evaluation instrument |
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| CN102735547A (en) * | 2012-07-05 | 2012-10-17 | 重庆大学 | Coal-rock hydraulic fracturing testing method under true triaxial state |
| CN204807547U (en) * | 2015-06-18 | 2015-11-25 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Real triaxial shear box of stress seepage flow coupling |
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