CN105277623A - Determination method for rock catastrophe acoustic emission dominant frequency band - Google Patents
Determination method for rock catastrophe acoustic emission dominant frequency band Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a determination method for a rock catastrophe acoustic emission dominant frequency band. The determination method includes the following steps that a cuboid sample is prepared; acoustic emission sensors are pasted to the cuboid sample, and Vaseline is sprayed to the portions between the sensors and the sample; loads are applied to the sample through a rock mechanics tester, and the acoustic emission sensors are used for receiving acoustic emission signals; the received acoustic emission signals are subjected to fast Fourier transformation through an acoustic emission spectral analysis system, and a two-dimensional spectrogram is obtained; acoustic emission waveform signals received by the three types of sensors in the whole process from loading to damage of the sample are selected, all waveforms are subjected to FFT, dominant frequency and dominant frequency amplitude information of the acoustic emission signals at different moments are obtained, and amplitude-dominant frequency relation graphs of the acoustic emission signals under the condition of the three types of sensors are drawn; the amplitude-dominant frequency relation graphs of the acoustic emission signals under the condition of the three types of sensors are contrastively analyzed, the frequency ranges of the acoustic emission signals received by the three types of sensors are observed, and the rock catastrophe acoustic emission monitored dominant frequency band is determined.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to rock catastrophe acoustic emission frequency range field, especially with a kind of to be applicable to the method for acoustic emission advantage frequency range under the employing multi-sensor technology determination rock compressed condition of the rock mechanics experiment of serving into mine engineering relevant.
Background technology
Acoustic emission (AcousticEmission, being called for short AE) technology utilizes in process of rock deformation, the ultrasound information of the Frictional Slipping institute radiation between the generation of internal rupture and the plane of fracture, continuously observe the dynamic evolution of the inner micro rupture of rock material, the micromechanism carry out study of rocks distortion with this, destroying, play an important role in the stability study of rock mass, be widely used in the damage study of the materials such as study of rocks.In the last few years, scholars started to study from the angle of acoustic emission wave analysis of spectrum rock burst genesis mechanism, sought the sufficient and necessary condition of rock burst.Acoustic emission waveform carries the full details such as rock stress, structure, physico-mechanical properties, analyzes spectral information and better can understand rock failure mechanism of rock mechanism and destroy omen.At present, there is predicament about the research of Acoustic Emission of Rock spectrum signature, show as certain rock that we are difficult to accurately determine the response frequency range of recording geometry (mainly sensor) itself, suitable calibrate AE sensor cannot be selected.It is cognitive that the basic reason that the problems referred to above occur is that advantage (being suitable for) frequency range to rock failure process acoustic emission monitor(ing) lacks, therefore, explore Acoustic Emission of Rock primary band and seem particularly important, determine that the acoustic emission signal of which frequency range more can disclose the rupture process of (embodiment) rock, obtain the suitable frequency range of rock failure process acoustic emission monitor(ing).Generally, the acoustic emission frequency range of material of rock and soil is roughly at 1kHz ~ 500kHz, but under different lithology and different experimental conditions, the acoustic emission frequency of rock is not quite similar.And the calibrate AE sensor mostly being single resonance frequency used in the acoustic emission monitor(ing) test of our current rock, and rule of thumb judge often, the a certain frequency range of any selection is used for the calibrate AE sensor of Non-Destructive Testing, be directly used in blindly and acoustic emission monitor(ing) is carried out to rock, scientific and reasonable not.Therefore need badly and provide a kind of novel rock catastrophe acoustic emission advantage frequency range defining method, therefore applicant is exactly in this case, develops a kind of method based on multi-sensor technology determination rock catastrophe acoustic emission advantage frequency range.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, object of the present invention aims to provide a kind of method based on multi-sensor technology determination rock catastrophe acoustic emission advantage frequency range, to disclose the acoustic emission advantage frequency range feature of rock Catastrophe Process, obtain the suitable frequency range of rock failure process acoustic emission monitor(ing) further.
For this reason, the present invention is by the following technical solutions: a kind of rock catastrophe acoustic emission advantage frequency range defining method, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
1) the standard rectangular parallelepiped sample of different lithology is prepared;
2) three kinds of dissimilar calibrate AE sensors are attached on the rectangular parallelepiped sample prepared, between sensor and sample, are coated with vaseline, strengthen coupling therebetween, reduce the decay of acoustic emission signal;
3) utilize rock mechanics experiment machine to sample imposed load, utilize three kinds of dissimilar calibrate AE sensors to receive the acoustic emission signal of specimen broke overall process generation simultaneously;
4) utilizing acoustic emission spectrum analytic system, carrying out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to receiving acoustic emission signal, obtain 2-d spectrum figure; The frequency that in 2-d spectrum figure, maximum amplitude is corresponding is the dominant frequency of this acoustic emission signal; Maximum amplitude is basic frequency of signal amplitude for this reason;
5) select sample from being loaded into the acoustic emission waveform signal destroying whole process three types sensor and receive, FFT conversion is carried out to all waveforms, obtain not acoustic emission signal dominant frequency and dominant frequency amplitude information in the same time, draw acoustic emission signal amplitude-dominant frequency graph of a relation under three types sensor condition;
6) acoustic emission signal amplitude-dominant frequency graph of a relation under comparative analysis three types sensor condition, observes three types sensor and receives acoustic emission signal frequency range, determine this rocks catastrophe acoustic emission monitor(ing) advantage frequency range.
As to technique scheme supplement and perfect, the present invention also comprises following technical characteristic.
Three kinds of described rectangular parallelepiped samples are respectively grouan, marble and pelitic siltstone.
Rectangular parallelepiped specimen size is the standard rectangular parallelepiped of 50mm × 50mm × 100mm, and sample both ends of the surface irregularity degree error is less than 0.05mm, is less than 0.3mm along height two opposite side error in lengths.
Described rock mechanics experiment machine TAW-3000 microcomputer controlled electro-hydraulic servo rock mechanics experiment machine.
The model of three types calibrate AE sensor is respectively R6 α, Nano30 and WD type sensor, and its frequency of operation is 35kHz ~ 100kHz, 125kHz ~ 750kHz and 100kHz ~ 1000kHz.
Use the present invention can reach following beneficial effect: the present invention utilizes multiband sensors coupled information to be definition base, ensure that the science solved.Invention removes the subjective judgement of user, by the acoustic emission advantage frequency range feature of multi-sensor technology determination rock Catastrophe Process, disclose the suitable frequency range of rock failure process acoustic emission monitor(ing), for Acoustic Emission of Rock monitoring selects suitable sensor to provide scientific basis.The present invention can determine Acoustic Emission of Rock advantage frequency range quickly and accurately, simply efficiently, is easy to apply.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is process flow diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the location drawing of calibrate AE sensor under Uniaxial Compression in the present invention;
Fig. 3 is experimental field figure under Uniaxial Compression in the present invention;
Fig. 4 is that in the present invention, a certain acoustic emission signal dominant frequency leaching process figure, Fig. 4 (a) are original acoustic emission waveform signal graph, and Fig. 4 (b), for carry out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to waveform signal, obtains the 2-d spectrum figure of this signal;
Fig. 5 is the graph of relation of grouan dominant frequency and amplitude under Uniaxial Compression in the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the graph of relation of pelitic siltstone dominant frequency and amplitude under Uniaxial Compression in the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the graph of relation of marble dominant frequency and amplitude under Uniaxial Compression in the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail.
As shown in Fig. 1-Fig. 7, a kind of rock catastrophe acoustic emission advantage frequency range defining method based on multi-sensor technology of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
Step S1: the standard rectangular parallelepiped sample of preparation different lithology, selects rock sample, and is prepared into the standard rectangular parallelepiped sample of 50mm × 50mm × 100mm.
Step S2: as shown in Figure 2, places sample, fixed sound emission sensor.
Rock sample is arranged on the sample bench 1 of pressing machine, in the middle part of rectangular parallelepiped sample 2, three dissimilar calibrate AE sensors are installed, the model of three types sensor is respectively R6 α 3, WD4 and Nano305 type sensor, its frequency of operation is 35kHz ~ 100kHz, 125kHz ~ 750kHz and 100kHz ~ 1000kHz.Between sensor and sample, coat vaseline 6 during test, both enhancings coupling, reduce the decay of acoustic emission signal.
Step S3: as shown in Figure 3.Adopt pressing machine to carry out uniaxial loading to test specimen, utilize R6 α, Nano30 and WD three types calibrate AE sensor gathers rock sample and to break the acoustic emission signal of overall process.
The loading system adopted in test is TAW – 3000 servo rock mechanics experiment machine, uniaxial loading adopts and axially waits displacement-control mode to load, for ensureing that sample contacts completely with loading surface, the contact noise produced when contacting is avoided to affect acoustic emission monitor(ing) result, first be preloaded into 1.5kN, be loaded on destruction with the speed of 0.2mm/min subsequently.Acoustic emission system real-time synchronization is adopted to monitor the rupture process of sample in process of the test, the PCI – 2 type multiple channel acousto launch monitor system that acoustic emission adopts American Physical acoustics company PAC to produce.
Step S4: as shown in Figure 4, utilizes the acoustic emission spectrum analytic system of independent research, extracts the dominant frequency of acoustic emission signal.For certain acoustic emission waveform, acoustic emission signal dominant frequency leaching process is described.Utilize the acoustic emission spectrum analytic system of independent research, extract original acoustic emission waveform signal, as shown in Fig. 4 (a).Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is carried out to waveform signal, obtains 2-d spectrum figure, as shown in Fig. 4 (b).Definition dominant frequency is the frequency in 2-d spectrum figure corresponding to maximum amplitude.Observe this waveform 2-d spectrum figure, this acoustic emission signal dominant frequency known is 37.11kHz.
Step S5: utilize step S4 method, carries out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to all acoustic emission signals that rock failure mechanism of rock process three types sensor receives respectively, draws acoustic emission signal amplitude-dominant frequency graph of a relation under three kinds of sensor condition.
Select sample from being loaded into the acoustic emission waveform signal destroying whole process three types sensor and receive, FFT conversion is carried out to all waveforms, obtain not acoustic emission signal dominant frequency and dominant frequency amplitude information in the same time, draw acoustic emission signal amplitude-dominant frequency graph of a relation under three types sensor condition.
Step S6: acoustic emission signal amplitude-dominant frequency graph of a relation under comparative analysis three types sensor condition, observes its frequency range feature, determines this type of rock failure process acoustic emission monitor(ing) advantage frequency range.
For obtaining better effect, following embodiment is tested.
Embodiment 1:
The present embodiment is the acoustic emission advantage frequency range adopting multi-sensor technology determination grouan under Uniaxial Compression, now carries out following operation:
(1) Laizhou, Shandong mining area grouan is processed, be prepared into the standard rectangular parallelepiped sample of 50mm × 50mm × 100mm.
(2) as shown in Figure 2, rock sample is arranged on the sample bench of pressing machine, in the middle part of this rock sample 1, three dissimilar calibrate AE sensors are installed, the model of three types sensor is respectively R6 α 2, WD3 and Nano304 type sensor, its frequency of operation is 35kHz ~ 100kHz, 125kHz ~ 750kHz and 100kHz ~ 1000kHz.Between sensor and sample, coat vaseline 5 during test, both enhancings coupling, reduce the decay of acoustic emission signal.
(3) as shown in Figure 3, adopt pressing machine to carry out uniaxial loading to test specimen, be first preloaded into 1.5kN, be loaded on destruction with the speed of 0.2mm/min subsequently.Adopt acoustic emission system real-time synchronization to monitor the rupture process of sample in process of the test, utilize R6 α, Nano30 and WD three types calibrate AE sensor gathers rock sample and to break the acoustic emission signal of overall process.The loading system adopted in test is that Chaoyang, Changchun test apparatus company limited produces TAW – 3000 servo rock mechanics experiment machine, the PCI – 2 type multiple channel acousto launch monitor system that acoustic emission adopts American Physical acoustics company PAC to produce.
(4) as shown in Figure 4, selecting sample from being loaded into the acoustic emission waveform signal destroying whole process three types sensor and receive, FFT conversion being carried out to all waveforms, obtains not acoustic emission signal dominant frequency and dominant frequency amplitude information in the same time.
(5) the acoustic emission signal amplitude-dominant frequency graph of a relation under grouan three types sensor condition as shown in Figure 5, is drawn.
(6) grouan acoustic emission signal amplitude-dominant frequency graph of a relation under comparative analysis three types sensor condition, observes its frequency range feature, and can obtain grouan rupture process acoustic emission monitor(ing) advantage frequency range is 0.49kHz ~ 100kHz.
Embodiment 2:
The present embodiment is the acoustic emission advantage frequency range adopting multi-sensor technology determination pelitic siltstone under Uniaxial Compression, now carries out following operation:
(1) mining area, Ganzhou pelitic siltstone is processed, be prepared into the standard rectangular parallelepiped sample of 50mm × 50mm × 100mm.
(2) as shown in Figure 2, rock sample is arranged on the sample bench of pressing machine, in the middle part of this rock sample 1, three dissimilar calibrate AE sensors are installed, the model of three types sensor is respectively R6 α 2, WD3 and Nano304 type sensor, its frequency of operation is 35kHz ~ 100kHz, 125kHz ~ 750kHz and 100kHz ~ 1000kHz.Between sensor and sample, coat vaseline 5 during test, both enhancings coupling, reduce the decay of acoustic emission signal.
(3) as shown in Figure 3, adopt pressing machine to carry out uniaxial loading to test specimen, be first preloaded into 1.5kN, be loaded on destruction with the speed of 0.2mm/min subsequently.Adopt acoustic emission system real-time synchronization to monitor the rupture process of sample in process of the test, utilize R6 α, Nano30 and WD three types calibrate AE sensor gathers rock sample and to break the acoustic emission signal of overall process.The loading system adopted in test is that Chaoyang, Changchun test apparatus company limited produces TAW – 3000 servo rock mechanics experiment machine, the PCI – 2 type multiple channel acousto launch monitor system that acoustic emission adopts American Physical acoustics company PAC to produce.
(4) as shown in Figure 4, selecting sample from being loaded into the acoustic emission waveform signal destroying whole process three types sensor and receive, FFT conversion being carried out to all waveforms, obtains not acoustic emission signal dominant frequency and dominant frequency amplitude information in the same time.
(5) as shown in Figure 6, acoustic emission signal amplitude-dominant frequency graph of a relation under drafting pelitic siltstone three types sensor condition.
(6) pelitic siltstone acoustic emission signal amplitude-dominant frequency graph of a relation under comparative analysis three types sensor condition, observes its frequency range feature, and can obtain pelitic siltstone rupture process acoustic emission monitor(ing) advantage frequency range is 0.49kHz ~ 65kHz.
Embodiment 3:
The present embodiment is the acoustic emission advantage frequency range adopting multi-sensor technology determination marble under Uniaxial Compression, now carries out following operation:
(1) Laizhou, Shandong mining area marble is processed, be prepared into the standard rectangular parallelepiped sample of 50mm × 50mm × 100mm.
(2) as shown in Figure 2, rock sample is arranged on the sample bench of pressing machine, in the middle part of this rock sample 1, three dissimilar calibrate AE sensors are installed, the model of three types sensor is respectively R6 α 2, WD3 and Nano304 type sensor, its frequency of operation is 35kHz ~ 100kHz, 125kHz ~ 750kHz and 100kHz ~ 1000kHz.Between sensor and sample, coat vaseline 5 during test, both enhancings coupling, reduce the decay of acoustic emission signal.
(3) as shown in Figure 3, adopt pressing machine to carry out uniaxial loading to test specimen, be first preloaded into 1.5kN, be loaded on destruction with the speed of 0.2mm/min subsequently.Adopt acoustic emission system real-time synchronization to monitor the rupture process of sample in process of the test, utilize R6 α, Nano30 and WD three types calibrate AE sensor gathers rock sample and to break the acoustic emission signal of overall process.The loading system adopted in test is that Chaoyang, Changchun test apparatus company limited produces TAW – 3000 servo rock mechanics experiment machine, the PCI – 2 type multiple channel acousto launch monitor system that acoustic emission adopts American Physical acoustics company PAC to produce.
(4) as shown in Figure 4, selecting sample from being loaded into the acoustic emission waveform signal destroying whole process three types sensor and receive, FFT conversion being carried out to all waveforms, obtains not acoustic emission signal dominant frequency and dominant frequency amplitude information in the same time.
(5) the acoustic emission signal amplitude-dominant frequency graph of a relation under three types sensor condition as shown in Figure 7, is drawn.
(6) marble acoustic emission signal amplitude-dominant frequency graph of a relation under comparative analysis three types sensor condition, observes its frequency range feature, and can obtain marble rupture process acoustic emission monitor(ing) advantage frequency range is 0.49kHz ~ 65kHz.
More than show and describe ultimate principle of the present invention and principal character and advantage of the present invention.The technician of the industry should understand; the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; what describe in above-described embodiment and instructions just illustrates principle of the present invention; without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; the present invention also has various changes and modifications, and these changes and improvements all fall in the claimed scope of the invention.Application claims protection domain is defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.
Claims (5)
1. a rock catastrophe acoustic emission advantage frequency range defining method, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
1) the standard rectangular parallelepiped sample of different lithology, is prepared;
2), by three kinds of dissimilar calibrate AE sensors be attached on the rectangular parallelepiped sample prepared, between sensor and sample, be coated with vaseline;
3), utilize rock mechanics experiment machine to sample imposed load, utilize three kinds of dissimilar calibrate AE sensors to receive the acoustic emission signal of specimen broke overall process generation simultaneously;
4), utilizing acoustic emission spectrum analytic system, carrying out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to receiving acoustic emission signal, obtain 2-d spectrum figure; The frequency that in 2-d spectrum figure, maximum amplitude is corresponding is the dominant frequency of this acoustic emission signal; Maximum amplitude is basic frequency of signal amplitude for this reason;
5), select sample from being loaded into the acoustic emission waveform signal destroying whole process three types sensor and receive, FFT conversion is carried out to all waveforms, obtain not acoustic emission signal dominant frequency and dominant frequency amplitude information in the same time, draw acoustic emission signal amplitude-dominant frequency graph of a relation under three types sensor condition;
6), acoustic emission signal amplitude-dominant frequency graph of a relation under comparative analysis three types sensor condition, observe three types sensor and receive acoustic emission signal frequency range, determine this rocks catastrophe acoustic emission monitor(ing) advantage frequency range.
2. a kind of rock catastrophe acoustic emission advantage frequency range defining method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, three kinds of described rectangular parallelepiped samples are respectively grouan, marble and pelitic siltstone.
3. a kind of rock catastrophe acoustic emission advantage frequency range defining method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, rectangular parallelepiped specimen size is the standard rectangular parallelepiped of 50mm × 50mm × 100mm, and sample both ends of the surface irregularity degree error is less than 0.05mm, is less than 0.3mm along height two opposite side error in lengths.
4. a kind of rock catastrophe acoustic emission advantage frequency range defining method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described rock mechanics experiment machine TAW-3000 microcomputer controlled electro-hydraulic servo rock mechanics experiment machine.
5. a kind of rock catastrophe acoustic emission advantage frequency range defining method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the model of three types calibrate AE sensor is respectively R6 α, Nano30 and WD type sensor, its frequency of operation is 35kHz ~ 100kHz, 125kHz ~ 750kHz and 100kHz ~ 1000kHz.
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