CN106950115A - The full-hole core hydrofracturing ultrasonic detection method of axial stress independent loads - Google Patents
The full-hole core hydrofracturing ultrasonic detection method of axial stress independent loads Download PDFInfo
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- CN106950115A CN106950115A CN201710281236.0A CN201710281236A CN106950115A CN 106950115 A CN106950115 A CN 106950115A CN 201710281236 A CN201710281236 A CN 201710281236A CN 106950115 A CN106950115 A CN 106950115A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0658—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using acoustic or ultrasonic detectors
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Abstract
The present invention relates to full-hole core hydrofracturing ultrasonic detection method under the conditions of a kind of axial stress independent loads, its axial loading system is designed as two semi-cylindrical anvils, and two sets of independent axial loads can be provided on rock core end face.Axial loading system provides pressure by hydraulic pump, via the semicircle anvil transmission hydraulic pressure of two of controllable valve respectively into clamper, the semicircle anvil is movable part, and displacement can be produced in the axial direction, and two sets of axial stresses are produced in rock core that can be in clamper.Occur receiving transducers equipped with ultrasonic wave on anvil end face, after rock core stress deformation is stable, fracturing fluid is injected into rock core centre bore, produce the crack of certain form, crack extends generally direction and expanded range and can detected with ultrasonic technology.The present invention is a kind of evaluation method for being applied to hydraulic fracture and intrinsic fracture propagation law under research complicated field stress state, and rationally, evaluation method is accurate, with higher creativeness for this method design science.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Oil and Natural Gas Engineering field, it is related to the laboratory experiment evaluation of exploitation of oil-gas field technology, especially
It is a kind of full-hole core hydrofracturing ultrasonic detection method of axial stress independent loads.
Background technology
Conventional hydraulic fracturing simulated experiment principle is to be depressed in confined pressure and axle, and pipeline is injected into rock core by fracturing fluid
Inject fracturing fluid, while external sensor monitors load stress and pump pressure, record under the conditions of different triaxial stress tests pump pressure with
The curve of time, the relation to study triaxial stress and hydraulic fracturing fracture pressure.
Conventional method can only provide a set of axle pressure loading on end face, and actual geological state is under the disturbance of intrinsic fracture,
Crustal stress is not necessarily worth, and actual formation rock stress is probably the complicated situation such as distortion, shearing, therefore passes
Uniting technical method can only be under the single stress of simulation rock, it is impossible to which simulation rock is distorted or shearing stress.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art part, there is provided a kind of the complete straight of axial stress independent loads
Footpath rock core hydrofracturing ultrasonic wave detecting system and its evaluation method, to determine full-hole core hydraulic pressure under triaxial state of stress
The parameters,acoustic of hydraulic fracture during fracturing.
The technical proposal for solving the technical problem of the invention is：
The full-hole core hydrofracturing ultrasonic detection method of a kind of axial stress independent loads, in same rock core end face
More than two sets different load of upper application, often the numerical value and ratio of set load individually adjust, often set load is and ultrasonic probe
Connection, the extension situation of hydraulic fracture in the full diameter range of rock core is detected by ultrasonic probe.
Realizing the detecting system of the detection method includes core holding unit, ultrasonic wave detecting system, hydraulic loaded G system
And pressure break liquid injection system, described hydraulic loaded G system includes two sets axles and presses loading devices, a set of confined pressure loading device
And hydraulic pump, hydraulic pump connects two sets of axles pressure loading devices, a set of confined pressure loading device respectively, and described axle pressure loading device is
A pair of semicircular anvils, the respectively symmetrically top surface installed in core holding unit interior cylindrical rock core half portion and bottom surface；Two sets of axle pressures
Loading device be able to cover the end face of whole rock core, and the face contacted in anvil with rock core is formed with groove, and ultrasound is embedded in groove
Probe.
A kind of full-hole core hydrofracturing ultrasonic detection method of axial stress independent loads, it is characterised in that：Tool
Body step is as follows：
(1) aperture is drilled through in rock core end face, inserts fracturing fluid ascending pipe and fixation, the ultrasonic wave on the anvil end face of bottom
Load core holding unit at probe after daubing coupling agent, be reloaded into rock core；
(2) appropriate daubing coupling agent at the ultrasonic probe on the anvil end face of top, loads rock core folder by top anvil
Holder, it is ensured that the fracturing fluid injection pipeline being fixed in rock core can pass through top anvil central aperture；
(3) connection hydraulic pressure, air pressure pipeline and ultrasonic wave transmitting, reception cable and fracturing fluid injection pipeline；
(4) controllable valve is operated, a small amount of axle pressure is loaded at rock core two ends, then opens air pressure pipeline, sonic probe is in air pressure
Effect is lower then to load confined pressure to setting pressure, last operation valve, loading axis pressure with the further good coupling of rock core end face
To setting load, rock core 1 hour is stood, treats that rock core is fully deformed；
(5) open ultrasonic wave transmitting reception system, adjustment oscillograph is until obvious signature waveform can be shown, then opens
Dynamic constant-flux pump, is pumped into fracturing fluid into rock core, after rock core is pressed off, unnecessary fracturing fluid can be by bottom anvil with constant flow rate
The aperture outflow in centre；
(6) curve that record triaxial stress is changed over time, directly reads rupture of the rock core under the condition of triaxial stress
Pressure, while according to the record of horizontal, longitudinal wave velocity and amplitude of wave form in different time points oscillograph, describing water in different time sections
Power crack is from forming up to completely through the process of rock core.
Advantages and positive effects of the present invention are：
1st, the present invention is not directly to make single axial load compared with conventional full-hole core Hydraulic Fracturing Experiment
For rock core end face, but two semicircle anvils with independent hydraulically controlled feed path are used, realized in same rock core end face
Two sets of different load of upper application, and the numerical value of two sets of load, ratio can adjust arbitrarily, and having filled up prior art can not realize
Core axis presses the blank of independent loads.
2nd, the present invention be mounted with each semicircle anvil end ultrasonic excitation receiving transducer, altogether four ultrasonic waves
Excite receive dual-purpose probe, while ensureing that acoustic beam covers whole full-hole core, ensure acoustic beam Relatively centralized, satisfaction again
The need for lateral resolution.
3rd, this experimental system and evaluation method introduce rock core physical experiments method, from stress loading mode and crack
Detection method these two aspects extends traditional triaxial stress hydraulic fracturing simulated experiment, can not only realize the average of rock core end face
Loading, additionally it is possible to provide two sets of independent axle pressure loadings, simulation rock is by the state under the conditions of shearing force or distortion power.
4th, this experimental system and evaluation method press load mode by freestanding axle, can realize that fracture is more sent out
Educate the simulation of stress transfer mode in stratum.
5th, the present invention is a kind of full-hole core hydrofracturing ultrasonic wave detecting system of axial stress independent loads and commented
Valency method, the system design is scientific and reasonable, and evaluation method is accurate, with higher creativeness.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the system catenation principle figure；
Fig. 2 is four after the loading control area schematic diagrames popped one's head in；
Fig. 3 loads the sound width data of the detection of probe 1 for coaxial pressure；
Fig. 4 loads the sound width data of the detection of probe 2 for coaxial pressure；
Fig. 5 loads the sound width data of the detection of probe 3 for coaxial pressure；
Fig. 6 loads the sound width data of the detection of probe 4 for coaxial pressure；
Fig. 7 is the sound width data that independent axes press the detection of loading probe 1；
Fig. 8 is the sound width data that independent axes press the detection of loading probe 2；
Fig. 9 is the sound width data that independent axes press the detection of loading probe 3；
Figure 10 is the sound width data that independent axes press the detection of loading probe 4.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the invention will be further described by specific embodiment, following examples are descriptive
, it is not limited, it is impossible to which protection scope of the present invention is limited with this.
A kind of full-hole core hydrofracturing ultrasonic wave detecting system of axial stress independent loads, including core holding unit
3rd, ultrasonic wave detecting system, hydraulic loaded G system and pressure break liquid injection system.
Described ultrasonic wave detecting system includes computer 1, oscillograph 2, ultrasonic signal cable 11 and ultrasonic probe 10, meter
Calculation machine connects oscillograph, and oscillograph passes through ultrasonic four ultrasonic probes of cable connection.
Described pressure break liquid injection system includes constant-flux pump 5 and fracturing fluid ascending pipe 12, constant-flux pump connection fracturing fluid injection
Pipe, fracturing fluid ascending pipe is inserted into rock core from the end face center of rock core.
Described hydraulic loaded G system includes two sets of axle pressure loading devices, a set of confined pressure loading device and hydraulic pump 4, liquid
Press pump connects two sets of axle pressure loading devices respectively, and a set of confined pressure loading device, described confined pressure loading device is in rock core clamping
The external cylindrical surface suit packing element 6 of device, packing element connects hydraulic pump, described axle pressure loading device by hydraulic valve 8 and hydraulic line 7
It is a pair of semicircular anvils 9, the respectively symmetrically top surface installed in core holding unit interior cylindrical rock core half portion and bottom surface；Two sets of axles
Pressure loading device be able to cover the end face of whole rock core.Anvil connects hydraulic pump by hydraulic valve and hydraulic line.In each pressure
The face contacted on anvil with rock core is formed with a groove, and ultrasonic probe is embedded in groove.
The system is by simulation condition of triaxial stress, and constant-flux pump 5 injects pipeline by fracturing fluid and fracturing fluid is conveyed into rock core
And crack, ultrasonic probe 10 detects crackle, and oscillograph 2 is transferred to by signal cable 11, is finally transmitted to and its phase
Connect computer 1 and record data, the liquid of pressure break rock core is finally released by blow-down pipe 13.
The present invention innovative point be：
1st, two sets of axle pressure loading devices can produce two sets of different axle pressures, and two sets of axle pressure numerical value on same rock core end face
And ratio can be adjusted arbitrarily.When loading axis is pressed, by operating hydraulic valve, upper and lower two anvils 9 of homonymy are under hydraulic action
A small amount of relative displacements are produced, certain load is applied to rock core, afterwards by operating hydraulic valve, hydraulic pump and opposite side can be connected
Upper and lower two anvils, produce another set of axial load on another side end face of rock core.
2nd, process fluted on the end face of anvil 9, embed ultrasonic probe 10, the ultrasonic probe is that Ji Fa receptions are dual-purpose
Probe, and can excite receive shear wave and compressional wave, the switching of wave mode can be realized by the software kit installed on operation computer.
Because using two ultrasonic probes 10 on same end face, therefore both ensure that ultrasonic acoustic beam to the transverse direction on core diameter direction
Covering, can guarantee that single acoustic beam Relatively centralized to improve lateral resolution again, have important meaning to the monitoring of hydraulic fracture formation
Justice.The ultrasonic probe, which is not simultaneously in, to be excited and reception pattern, and shear wave and compressional wave can not be launched simultaneously.
The frock that the present invention is used is the conventional equipment of this area, therefore does not specifically describe its structure.
A kind of full-hole core hydrofracturing ultrasonic wave detecting system method of testing of axial stress independent loads, its is specific
Step is as follows：
1st, according to diameter 10cm, 10~15cm of length dimensions machining experiment rock core is drilled through straight on core intersection
Footpath 0.7cm liquid injection hole, is subsequently mounted liquid injection pipe and is fixed.
2nd, the ultrasonic probe 4 on the end face of anvil 9 is smeared into appropriate water base couplant, and bottom anvil is pressed from both sides installed in rock core
The bottom of holder 3, is subsequently filled into rock core.
The 3rd, top anvil, connection hydraulic line and ultrasonic signal cable are installed.
4th, hydraulic pressure is transmitted to anvil with hydraulic pump, a small amount of axial load is applied to rock core, makes anvil end face and rock core end face
Further coupling, designing load confined pressure and axle pressure, stablize and wait within 1 hour rock core fully to deform afterwards.
5th, Chao Shengjifa receiving transducers 10 are opened, controlled and switched by computer 1 two groups of probes horizontal P wave emission and
Receive, observation oscilloscope upper ripple deformation, adjustment waveform phase and amplitude shows, the horizontal longitudinal wave velocity of two groups of probes of reading and shake
Width, and record data.
Fig. 3~Figure 10 reflects the relation of each the pop one's head in ultrasonic amplitude in the range of involving and stress.When stress increases
By force, ultrasonic velocity and amplitude are raised and increased with stress, but if rock core intensity is not enough or during naturally occurring internal flaw, just
Rupture can be produced under condition of high ground stress, now the velocity of sound and sonic wave amplitude all can, hence it is evident that decline.
During coaxial loading, as seen in figures 3-6, the stress that four probe faces are loaded is identical, wherein probe 1 and probe 2 are anti-
Ultrasonic amplitude is reflected to fall after rising with increasing for stress, has illustrated to break inside rock core in stress loading to 20MPa or so
Split, hinder the propagation of sound wave；3 and 4 sides of probe, magnitudes of acoustic waves increases stable rising with stress, therefore explanation is destroyed and only collected
In pop one's head in 1,2 sides.
During independent loads, two lateral stresses are different, and probe 1,2 and probe 3,4 are reflected under different stress conditions respectively, rock
The integrity degree of the heart.As can be seen that the stress of 1,2 sides of probe is relatively low from Fig. 7-10, only it is loaded into 15MPa and is just no longer lifted.
In 3,4 sides of popping one's head in, when stress loading to 20MPa or so, there is obvious reduction in magnitudes of acoustic waves, illustrates in high stress side,
Destroyed inside rock core.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of full-hole core hydrofracturing ultrasonic detection method of axial stress independent loads, it is characterised in that：Same
On one rock core end face apply more than two sets different load, often set load numerical value and ratio individually adjust, often set load with
Ultrasonic probe is connected, and the extension situation of hydraulic fracture in the full diameter range of rock core is detected by ultrasonic probe, and then more
The region that destruction is concentrated is judged exactly.
2. the full-hole core hydrofracturing ultrasonic detection method of axial stress independent loads according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that：Realizing the detecting system of the detection method includes core holding unit, ultrasonic wave detecting system, hydraulic loaded lotus system
System and pressure break liquid injection system, described hydraulic loaded G system include two sets of axle pressure loading devices, a set of confined pressure loading dress
Put and hydraulic pump, hydraulic pump connects two sets of axle pressure loading devices, a set of confined pressure loading device, described axle pressure loading device respectively
It is a pair of semicircular anvils, the respectively symmetrically top surface installed in core holding unit interior cylindrical rock core half portion and bottom surface；Two sets of axles
Pressure loading device be able to cover the end face of whole rock core, and the face contacted in anvil with rock core is formed with groove, be embedded in groove super
Sonic probe.
3. the full-hole core hydrofracturing ultrasonic detection method of axial stress independent loads according to claim 2,
It is characterized in that：Comprise the following steps that：
(1) aperture is drilled through in rock core end face, inserts fracturing fluid ascending pipe and fixation, the ultrasonic probe on the anvil end face of bottom
Load core holding unit after place's daubing coupling agent, be reloaded into rock core；
(2) appropriate daubing coupling agent at the ultrasonic probe on the anvil end face of top, loads core holding unit by top anvil,
Top anvil central aperture can be passed through by ensuring to be fixed on the injection pipeline of the fracturing fluid in rock core；
(3) connection hydraulic pressure, air pressure pipeline and ultrasonic wave transmitting, reception cable and fracturing fluid injection pipeline；
(4) controllable valve is operated, a small amount of axle pressure is loaded at rock core two ends, then opens air pressure pipeline, sonic probe is in gas pressure
Under can be with the further good coupling of rock core end face, then loading confined pressure is to setting pressure, last operation valve, and loading axis, which is depressed into, to be set
Determine load, stand rock core 1 hour, treat that rock core is fully deformed；
(5) open ultrasonic wave transmitting reception system, adjustment oscillograph is until obvious signature waveform can be shown, then starts flat
Pump is flowed, fracturing fluid is pumped into rock core with constant flow rate, after rock core is pressed off, unnecessary fracturing fluid can be by bottom anvil center
The aperture outflow at position；
(6) curve that record triaxial stress is changed over time, directly reads fracture pressure of the rock core under the condition of triaxial stress,
Simultaneously according to the record of horizontal, longitudinal wave velocity and amplitude of wave form in different time points oscillograph, waterpower is split in description different time sections
Seam is from forming up to completely through the process of rock core.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107830960A (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2018-03-23 | 中国地质科学院地质力学研究所 | A kind of hydrofracturing packer device |
| CN107991164A (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2018-05-04 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of sea bed gas hydrate rock core sound wave type plane strain instrument device |
| CN109374742A (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2019-02-22 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Evaluation system for carbonate formation rock sound mechanical response characteristic |
| CN109459318A (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2019-03-12 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of active and passive real-time sonic test approved sample device and method of rock failure mechanism of rock process |
| CN109883816A (en) * | 2019-04-08 | 2019-06-14 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of device and its implementation method suitable for sound wave triaxial test |
| CN113075044A (en) * | 2021-03-23 | 2021-07-06 | 扬州华宝石油仪器有限公司 | Full-diameter core fracturing slit evaluation instrument |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109374742A (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2019-02-22 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Evaluation system for carbonate formation rock sound mechanical response characteristic |
| CN107991164A (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2018-05-04 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of sea bed gas hydrate rock core sound wave type plane strain instrument device |
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| CN109883816B (en) * | 2019-04-08 | 2021-04-13 | 大连理工大学 | Device suitable for sound wave triaxial test and implementation method thereof |
| CN113075044A (en) * | 2021-03-23 | 2021-07-06 | 扬州华宝石油仪器有限公司 | Full-diameter core fracturing slit evaluation instrument |
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