CN108444848B - Multi-parameter test device for fracture process of gas-containing coal rock under dynamic-static coupling - Google Patents
Multi-parameter test device for fracture process of gas-containing coal rock under dynamic-static coupling Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及动-静载荷含瓦斯或水煤岩破坏测试装置技术领域，特别涉及一种动-静耦合作用下含瓦斯煤岩破裂过程多参量试验装置。The invention relates to the technical field of dynamic-static load gas or water-containing coal and rock failure testing devices, and in particular to a multi-parameter testing device for the gas-containing coal and rock fracture process under dynamic-static coupling.
背景技术Background technique
近年来煤炭工业正式进入深部开采阶段，受深部“三高一扰动”作用，冲击地压和煤与瓦斯突出事故规模、发生频率呈现出明显的上升趋势，尤其是兼具冲击地压和煤与瓦斯突出特征的复合动力灾害事故时有发生，而深入分析灾害表征就是深部处于高应力、瓦斯压力环境下的煤体受人类工程扰动诱发的失稳现象。积极开展高应力、瓦斯压力环境下煤体冲击载荷破坏试验，明确受载破坏特征，探索煤体固-气耦合作用力学机制，揭示冲击-突出复合灾害本质，理清受载过程中声发射、电荷信号时空演化规律，提出基于声发射与电荷感应前兆信息的深部煤体失稳综合判定方法对改善深部矿井生产环境，实现深部煤炭资源安全高效开采具有重要的科学意义和工程价值。In recent years, the coal industry has officially entered the stage of deep mining. Affected by the deep "three highs and one disturbance", the scale and frequency of rockburst and coal and gas outburst accidents have shown an obvious upward trend, especially those involving both rockburst and coal and gas outbursts. Composite dynamic disaster accidents with gas outburst characteristics occur from time to time, and an in-depth analysis of the disaster is characterized by the instability phenomenon induced by human engineering disturbances in deep coal bodies under high stress and gas pressure environments. Actively carry out impact load damage tests on coal under high stress and gas pressure environments to clarify the damage characteristics under load, explore the mechanical mechanism of solid-gas coupling in coal, reveal the nature of impact-outburst composite disasters, and clarify the acoustic emission, Based on the spatiotemporal evolution rules of charge signals, a comprehensive judgment method for deep coal instability based on acoustic emission and charge induction precursor information is proposed, which has important scientific significance and engineering value for improving the production environment of deep mines and realizing safe and efficient mining of deep coal resources.
目前关于煤、岩体冲击载荷作用下的力学行试验装置相对较少，现有的研究主要利用SHBP装置但实验过程复杂，而且在能满足开展不同围压、孔隙流压煤体冲击载荷破坏试验的同时还能对整个受载破坏过程中煤岩损伤演化、声发射、电荷信号实时监测的装置至今仍未见报道。深部冲击-突出复合灾害的孕育发生机制与前兆信号识别、判定方法的建立不仅需要从理论上深入探讨，同时还需要重点开展相应的物理试验研究，因此研制一种操作方便、适用性强，可采集并记录含瓦斯或水煤体在高围压、冲击载荷作用下破坏过程产生的声发射、电荷感应信号的试验装置是十分必要的。At present, there are relatively few mechanical testing devices under the impact load of coal and rock mass. Existing research mainly uses SHBP devices, but the experimental process is complicated, and it can meet the requirements of carrying out impact load damage tests of coal mass with different confining pressures and pore flow pressures. At the same time, a device that can monitor the damage evolution, acoustic emission, and charge signals of coal and rock in real time during the entire load-induced damage process has not yet been reported. The development mechanism of deep impact-outburst composite disasters and the establishment of precursor signal identification and judgment methods not only require in-depth theoretical discussions, but also focus on corresponding physical experimental research. Therefore, developing a method that is easy to operate, has strong applicability, and can It is very necessary to collect and record the acoustic emission and charge induction signals generated by the destruction process of coal containing gas or water under high confining pressure and impact load.
综合现场实测和理论分析，为了使试验装置尽可能真实的反映深部煤体的不同应力状态和工程扰动冲击载荷应力环境，更加充分的采集伴随受载破坏过程产生的声发射与电荷信号，发明装置满足以下必要条件：①可开展静力学加载，对煤岩体施加高孔隙流压、轴压和围压以模拟原始受载状态；②可提对煤体供动力学加载，使冲击试验开展简单、方便可行；③具有视窗能观测到整个受载破坏过程；④有合理的采集探头布设方法，具备信号高速采集功能，对声发射与电荷信号充分采集、记录并储存。Based on on-site measurements and theoretical analysis, in order to make the test device reflect the different stress states of deep coal masses and the engineering disturbance impact load stress environment as truly as possible, and to more fully collect the acoustic emission and charge signals generated along with the load-induced damage process, the device was invented. The following necessary conditions are met: ① static loading can be carried out, and high pore flow pressure, axial pressure and confining pressure can be applied to the coal and rock mass to simulate the original loading state; ② dynamic loading can be provided for the coal body, making the impact test simple , Convenient and feasible; ③ It has a window to observe the entire load damage process; ④ It has a reasonable collection probe layout method, has high-speed signal collection function, and fully collects, records and stores acoustic emission and charge signals.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了解决现有技术存在的问题，本发明提供了一种动-静耦合作用下含瓦斯煤岩破裂过程多参量试验装置，试验装置结构简单、操作方便、参数准确，可在煤岩上施加不同围压、孔隙流压，并具有简单的操作方法对煤体施加冲击载荷，同时可获取破坏过程产生的应力、应变、孔隙流压变化，实时监测并获取煤岩破坏表面裂隙演化特征、声发射与电荷信号时空演化规律，为探索深部冲击-突出复合灾害孕育发展过程，建立基于声发射-电荷信号的深部煤体失稳综合判定方法提供理论依据和工程指导。In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a multi-parameter test device for the fracture process of gas-containing coal rock under the action of dynamic-static coupling. The test device has a simple structure, easy operation, and accurate parameters. It can apply different confinements on the coal rock. Pressure and pore flow pressure, and has a simple operation method to apply impact load to the coal body. At the same time, the changes in stress, strain, and pore flow pressure generated during the destruction process can be obtained, and real-time monitoring and acquisition of the evolution characteristics of cracks on the coal rock failure surface, acoustic emission and The spatiotemporal evolution law of charge signals provides theoretical basis and engineering guidance for exploring the development process of deep impact-outburst composite disasters and establishing a comprehensive judgment method for deep coal mass instability based on acoustic emission-charge signals.
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：In order to achieve the above objects, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
本发明提供了一种动-静耦合作用下含瓦斯煤岩破裂过程多参量试验装置，包括耐压腔体、孔隙流压系统、围压和液压传动系统；The invention provides a multi-parameter test device for the fracture process of gas-containing coal and rock under the action of dynamic-static coupling, including a pressure-resistant cavity, a pore flow pressure system, a confining pressure and a hydraulic transmission system;
所述耐压腔体内设置有上压头和下压头，所述上压头和所述下压头中间设置煤岩试样，所述耐压腔体的上部设有第一开口，所述第一开口与法兰盖连接，所述法兰盖的顶部与第一圆筒形连接件的底部连接，所述第一圆筒形连接件的顶部与动载液压油缸的外壳连接，所述第一圆筒形连接件内设有动载压杆，所述动载压杆的一端穿过法兰盖与上压头连接，另一端穿过第一圆筒形连接件与动载液压油缸的活塞同轴连接，所述耐压腔体的下部设有第二开口，所述第二开口与法兰盘连接，所述法兰盘设有多个流体密闭传输孔，所述法兰盘底部与第二圆筒形连接件的顶部连接，所述第二圆筒形连接件的底部与静载液压油缸外壳的顶部连接，所述静载液压油缸外壳的底部固设于底座上，所述第二圆筒形连接件内设有静载压杆，所述静载压杆的一端穿过法兰盘与所述下压头连接，另一端与应力传感器的顶部同轴连接，所述应力传感器的底部与静载液压油缸的活塞连接，所述耐压腔体下部的两侧分别与一个举升油缸的顶部连接，所述举升油缸的底部固设于所述底座上，所述耐压腔体中部沿周向设置有多个耐压视窗和多个电极座，所述煤岩试样表面固设有声发射探头，所述声发射探头的数据线经所述流体密闭传输孔导出，并与采集仪连接，所述耐压腔体与所述煤岩试样之间的间隙设置有微电感应极片；An upper pressure head and a lower pressure head are provided in the pressure-resistant cavity. A coal rock sample is provided between the upper pressure head and the lower pressure head. A first opening is provided at the upper part of the pressure-resistant cavity. The first opening is connected to the flange cover, the top of the flange cover is connected to the bottom of the first cylindrical connector, the top of the first cylindrical connector is connected to the shell of the dynamic load hydraulic cylinder, the A dynamically loaded pressure rod is provided in the first cylindrical connector. One end of the dynamically loaded pressure rod passes through the flange cover and is connected to the upper pressure head, and the other end passes through the first cylindrical connector and is connected to the dynamically loaded hydraulic cylinder. The piston is coaxially connected, the lower part of the pressure-resistant cavity is provided with a second opening, the second opening is connected to the flange, the flange is provided with a plurality of fluid-tight transmission holes, the flange The bottom is connected to the top of the second cylindrical connector, and the bottom of the second cylindrical connector is connected to the top of the static load hydraulic cylinder shell. The bottom of the static load hydraulic cylinder shell is fixed on the base, so A static load pressure rod is provided in the second cylindrical connector. One end of the static load pressure rod passes through the flange and is connected to the lower pressure head, and the other end is coaxially connected to the top of the stress sensor. The bottom of the stress sensor is connected to the piston of the static load hydraulic cylinder. Both sides of the lower part of the pressure-resistant cavity are respectively connected to the top of a lifting cylinder. The bottom of the lifting cylinder is fixed on the base. There are multiple pressure-resistant windows and multiple electrode holders in the middle part of the pressure-resistant cavity along the circumferential direction. An acoustic emission probe is fixed on the surface of the coal and rock sample, and the data line of the acoustic emission probe is exported through the fluid-tight transmission hole. , and connected to the collection instrument, a microelectric induction pole piece is provided in the gap between the pressure-resistant cavity and the coal rock sample;
所述孔隙流压系统包括第一外部气源、调压阀、压力表和流量计，所述压力表通过管线与所述调压阀连接，同时所述调压阀通过管线与所述第一外部气源连接，所述上压头设置有孔隙流压入口，所述孔隙流压入口通过管线与一个流体密闭传输孔靠近耐压腔体的一端连接，同时所述流体密闭传输孔的另一端通过管线与所述压力表连接，所述下压头设置有孔隙流压出口，所述孔隙流压出口通过管线与另一个流体密闭传输孔靠近所述耐压腔体的一端连接，同时所述流体密闭传输孔的另一端通过管线与所述流量计连接；The pore flow pressure system includes a first external air source, a pressure regulating valve, a pressure gauge and a flow meter. The pressure gauge is connected to the pressure regulating valve through a pipeline, and the pressure regulating valve is connected to the first pressure regulating valve through a pipeline. External air source connection, the upper pressure head is provided with a pore flow pressure inlet, the pore flow pressure inlet is connected to one end of a fluid-tight transmission hole close to the pressure-resistant cavity through a pipeline, and at the same time, the other end of the fluid-tight transmission hole It is connected to the pressure gauge through a pipeline, and the lower pressure head is provided with a pore flow pressure outlet. The pore flow pressure outlet is connected to one end of another fluid-tight transmission hole close to the pressure-resistant cavity through a pipeline. The other end of the fluid-tight transmission hole is connected to the flow meter through a pipeline;
所述围压由外界气源提供，第二外界气源通过流体密闭传输孔充入至所述耐压腔体；The confining pressure is provided by an external air source, and a second external air source is filled into the pressure-resistant cavity through a fluid-tight transmission hole;
所述液压传动系统包括油箱、动载荷油路、静载荷油路和举升油缸加卸载油路，所述油箱设置有电机泵，所述电机泵为所述动载荷油路、静载荷油路和举升油缸加卸载油路提供动力源，所述动载荷油路包括两个囊式蓄能器、第一压力变送器、电磁阀和比例阀，所述比例阀与动载液压油缸连接，所述静载荷油路的伺服阀与所述静载液压油缸连接，所述举升油缸加卸载油路与所述举升油缸连接。The hydraulic transmission system includes a fuel tank, a dynamic load oil circuit, a static load oil circuit and a lifting cylinder loading and unloading oil circuit. The oil tank is provided with a motor pump, and the motor pump is the dynamic load oil circuit and the static load oil circuit. and the lifting cylinder loading and unloading oil circuit to provide power source. The dynamic load oil circuit includes two bladder accumulators, a first pressure transmitter, a solenoid valve and a proportional valve. The proportional valve is connected to the dynamic load hydraulic cylinder. , the servo valve of the static load oil circuit is connected to the static load hydraulic cylinder, and the loading and unloading oil circuit of the lifting cylinder is connected to the lifting cylinder.
所述煤岩试样外部包裹有热塑套。The coal and rock sample is wrapped with a thermoplastic sleeve.
所述耐压腔体与所述法兰盘之间的间隙通过橡胶密封圈密封，所述法兰盘上设有螺纹孔，所述法兰盘与所述耐压腔体螺纹连接。The gap between the pressure-resistant cavity and the flange is sealed by a rubber sealing ring. The flange is provided with a threaded hole, and the flange is threadedly connected to the pressure-resistant cavity.
所述上压头与所述动载压杆连接的一端设置第一圆形凹槽，所述动载压杆插接到所述第一圆形凹槽中，所述静载压杆与所述下压头连接的一端设置第二圆形凹槽，所述下压头插接到所述第二圆形凹槽中。A first circular groove is provided at one end of the upper pressure head connected to the dynamic load pressure rod. The dynamic load pressure rod is inserted into the first circular groove. The static load pressure rod is connected to the static load pressure rod. A second circular groove is provided at one end connected to the lower pressure head, and the lower pressure head is inserted into the second circular groove.
所述上压头和所述下压头分别与所述煤岩试样连接的一端的截面同时为方形或者圆形。The cross-sections of one end of the upper indenter and the lower indenter connected to the coal and rock sample are both square or circular.
所述第二圆筒形连接件的一侧设有镂空滑槽，所述静载压杆与梢杆垂直连接，所述梢杆通过所述镂空滑槽与光栅传感器滑动连接。A hollow chute is provided on one side of the second cylindrical connector, the static load pressure rod is vertically connected to the tip rod, and the tip rod is slidingly connected to the grating sensor through the hollow chute.
所述耐压视窗为2个，所述电极座为4个。There are two voltage-resistant windows and four electrode holders.
所述声发射探头为6-12个。The number of acoustic emission probes is 6-12.
本发明中一种动-静耦合作用下含瓦斯煤岩破裂过程多参量试验装置的有益效果是：可更真实的模拟地下煤岩受载应力状态和人类采矿活动诱发的冲击扰动，观测煤岩受载破坏过程，同时对含瓦斯或水煤岩的环境压力、孔隙流压和冲击载荷三者共同作用下破坏过程中的应力、轴向应变、瓦斯或水压力及破坏过程中的声发射、电荷信号时空演化规律进行监测，明确应力环境、孔隙流压与冲击载荷对煤岩破坏的影响与联系，建立三种载荷对煤岩试件力学行为演化与失稳的耦合作用机制，揭示深部矿井含瓦斯或水煤岩破坏本源机理，为煤岩体动力灾害防治提供可靠的试验基础。The beneficial effects of the multi-parameter test device for the fracture process of gas-containing coal rock under the action of dynamic-static coupling in the present invention are: it can more realistically simulate the load stress state of underground coal rock and the impact disturbance induced by human mining activities, and observe the coal rock During the load failure process, the stress, axial strain, gas or water pressure and acoustic emission during the failure process are affected by the environmental pressure, pore flow pressure and impact load of the gas- or water-containing coal rock at the same time. Monitor the spatiotemporal evolution of charge signals to clarify the influence and connection of stress environment, pore flow pressure and impact load on coal and rock damage, establish the coupling mechanism of three loads on the mechanical behavior evolution and instability of coal and rock specimens, and reveal the deep mine The original mechanism of damage to coal and rock containing gas or water provides a reliable experimental basis for the prevention and control of coal and rock mass dynamic disasters.
附图说明Description of the drawings
图1是本发明提供的动-静耦合作用下含瓦斯煤岩破裂过程多参量试验装置的主视图；Figure 1 is a front view of the multi-parameter testing device for the fracture process of gas-containing coal rock under dynamic-static coupling provided by the present invention;
图2是本发明提供的带有视窗的耐压腔体俯视图；Figure 2 is a top view of the pressure-resistant cavity with a window provided by the present invention;
图3是本发明提供的法兰盘的剖视图；Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the flange provided by the present invention;
图4是本发明提供的法兰盘的俯视图；Figure 4 is a top view of the flange provided by the present invention;
图5是本发明提供的液压传动系统的示意图。Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic transmission system provided by the present invention.
其中，in,
1-耐压腔体，2-法兰盖，3-法兰盘，4-动载液压油缸，5-第一圆筒形连接件，6-动载压杆，7-煤岩试样，8-上压头，9-下压头，10-耐压视窗，11-电极座，12-静载压杆，13-第二圆筒形连接件，14-举升油缸，15-应力传感器，16-静载液压油缸，17-底座，18-微电感应极片，19-流体密闭传输孔，20-油箱，21-动载荷油路，22-静载荷油路，23-举升油缸加卸载油路。1-Pressure chamber, 2-Flange cover, 3-Flange plate, 4-Dynamic load hydraulic cylinder, 5-First cylindrical connector, 6-Dynamic load pressure rod, 7-Coal and rock sample, 8-Upper pressure head, 9-Lower pressure head, 10-Pressure window, 11-Electrode holder, 12-Static load pressure rod, 13-Second cylindrical connector, 14-Lifting cylinder, 15-Stress sensor , 16-static load hydraulic cylinder, 17-base, 18-microelectric induction pole piece, 19-fluid sealed transmission hole, 20-fuel tank, 21-dynamic load oil circuit, 22-static load oil circuit, 23-lift cylinder Loading and unloading oil lines.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了解决现有技术存在的问题，如图1至图5所示，本发明提供了一种动-静耦合作用下含瓦斯煤岩破裂过程多参量试验装置，包括耐压腔体1、孔隙流压系统和液压传动系统，本实施例中，耐压腔体1为铸钢材质的圆柱形结构，并且具有高气密性，优选为40Cr钢；In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art, as shown in Figures 1 to 5, the present invention provides a multi-parameter test device for the fracture process of gas-containing coal rock under dynamic-static coupling, including a pressure-resistant cavity 1, a pore flow pressure system and hydraulic transmission system. In this embodiment, the pressure-resistant cavity 1 is a cylindrical structure made of cast steel and has high air tightness, preferably 40Cr steel;
耐压腔体1内设置有上压头8和下压头9，上压头8和下压头9中间设置煤岩试样7，煤岩试样7外部包裹有热塑套，煤岩试样7的上部和下部分别与上压头8和下压头9连接的连接处用密封环压紧，上压头8和下压头9分别与煤岩试样7连接的一端的截面同时为方形或者圆形，本实施例中，上压头8和下压头9均由高强度钢制成，上压头8为圆台形，下压头9为圆柱形，煤岩试样7固定于上压头8和下压头9的端面间，通过外部包裹的热塑套与耐压腔体1内部压力环境隔绝，上压头8和下压头9分别与煤岩试样7连接的一端的截面同时为50×50mm的方形或者直径为50mm的圆形，可实现不同尺寸的含瓦斯煤岩试样7三轴条件下的冲击载荷试验；The pressure-resistant cavity 1 is provided with an upper pressure head 8 and a lower pressure head 9. A coal and rock sample 7 is provided between the upper and lower pressure heads 8 and 9. The coal and rock sample 7 is wrapped with a thermoplastic sleeve. The upper and lower parts of the sample 7 are connected to the upper and lower pressure heads 8 and 9 respectively with sealing rings. The cross-sections of one end of the upper and lower pressure heads 8 and 9 respectively connected to the coal and rock sample 7 are simultaneously Square or circular. In this embodiment, the upper indenter 8 and the lower indenter 9 are both made of high-strength steel. The upper indenter 8 is in the shape of a truncated cone, and the lower indenter 9 is in the shape of a cylinder. The coal and rock sample 7 is fixed on The end faces of the upper pressure head 8 and the lower pressure head 9 are isolated from the internal pressure environment of the pressure chamber 1 by an externally wrapped thermoplastic sleeve. The upper pressure head 8 and the lower pressure head 9 are connected to one end of the coal and rock sample 7 respectively. The cross-section is 50×50mm square or 50mm diameter circular, which can realize the impact load test of gas-containing coal and rock samples of different sizes under triaxial conditions;
耐压腔体1的上部设有第一开口，第一开口与法兰盖2连接，法兰盖2的顶部与第一圆筒形连接件5的底部连接，第一圆筒形连接件5的顶部与动载液压油缸4的外壳连接，法兰盖2、第一圆筒形连接件5和动载液压油缸4的外壳之间通过高强度螺栓连接，充分保证各部件连接处的强度和稳定性，第一圆筒形连接件5内设有动载压杆6，动载压杆6的一端穿过法兰盖2与上压头8连接，另一端穿过第一圆筒形连接件5与动载液压油缸4的活塞同轴连接，动载压杆6在第一圆筒形连接件5内运动，上压头8与动载压杆6连接的一端设置第一圆形凹槽，动载压杆6插接到第一圆形凹槽中，耐压腔体1的下部设有第二开口，第二开口与法兰盘3连接，耐压腔体1与法兰盘3之间的间隙通过橡胶密封圈密封，法兰盘3上设有螺纹孔，法兰盘3与耐压腔体1螺纹连接，本实施例中，耐压腔体1与法兰盘3之间的间隙为微小间隙，法兰盘3为钢质密闭多通道法兰盘，橡胶密封圈为O型橡胶密封圈，充分保证耐压腔体1的稳定性与整个试验装置的安全性；The upper part of the pressure-resistant cavity 1 is provided with a first opening. The first opening is connected to the flange cover 2. The top of the flange cover 2 is connected to the bottom of the first cylindrical connector 5. The first cylindrical connector 5 The top of the hydraulic cylinder 4 is connected to the shell of the dynamically loaded hydraulic cylinder 4. The flange cover 2, the first cylindrical connector 5 and the shell of the dynamically loaded hydraulic cylinder 4 are connected through high-strength bolts to fully ensure the strength and strength of the joints of each component. Stability, the first cylindrical connector 5 is equipped with a dynamic load pressure rod 6, one end of the dynamic load pressure rod 6 passes through the flange cover 2 and is connected to the upper pressure head 8, and the other end passes through the first cylindrical connection The component 5 is coaxially connected to the piston of the dynamically loaded hydraulic cylinder 4. The dynamically loaded pressure rod 6 moves within the first cylindrical connector 5. The upper pressure head 8 is connected to the dynamically loaded pressure rod 6 at one end. groove, the dynamic load pressure rod 6 is inserted into the first circular groove, the lower part of the pressure-resistant cavity 1 is provided with a second opening, the second opening is connected to the flange 3, and the pressure-resistant cavity 1 is connected to the flange The gap between 3 is sealed by a rubber sealing ring. The flange 3 is provided with a threaded hole. The flange 3 is threadedly connected to the pressure-resistant cavity 1. In this embodiment, the pressure-resistant cavity 1 and the flange 3 The gap between them is a tiny gap, the flange 3 is a steel sealed multi-channel flange, and the rubber sealing ring is an O-type rubber sealing ring, which fully ensures the stability of the pressure chamber 1 and the safety of the entire test device;
法兰盘3设有多个流体密闭传输孔19，通过流体密闭传输孔19将外部施加的孔隙流压和腔体内部围压充入耐压腔体1中，并将声发射探头的导线导入到耐压腔体1中，法兰盘3底部与第二圆筒形连接件13的顶部连接，本实施例中，法兰盘3底部与第二圆筒形连接件13的顶部采用高强度螺栓固定连接，第二圆筒形连接件13的底部与静载液压油缸16外壳的顶部连接，静载液压油缸16外壳的底部固设于底座17上，法兰盘3、第二圆筒形连接件13和静载液压油缸16的外壳之间通过高强度螺栓连接，充分保证各部件连接处的强度和稳定性，第二圆筒形连接件13内设有静载压杆12，静载压杆12的材质为钢质，静载压杆12的一端穿过法兰盘3与下压头9连接，另一端与应力传感器15的顶部同轴连接，静载压杆12与下压头9连接的一端设置第二圆形凹槽，下压头9插接到第二圆形凹槽中，应力传感器15的底部与静载液压油缸16的活塞连接，本实施例中，应力传感器15为轮辐式应力传感器，应力传感器15的底部与静载液压油缸16的活塞同轴连接，静载液压油缸16提供400kN的载荷，静载液压油缸16推动应力传感器15运动，进而推动静载压杆12在第二圆筒形连接件13内部往复运动以达到加、卸载荷的目的，应力传感器15用以监测加、卸载荷过程中的应力变化；The flange 3 is provided with a plurality of fluid-tight transmission holes 19. The externally applied pore flow pressure and the internal confining pressure of the cavity are filled into the pressure-resistant cavity 1 through the fluid-tight transmission holes 19, and the wires of the acoustic emission probe are introduced. In the pressure-resistant cavity 1, the bottom of the flange 3 is connected to the top of the second cylindrical connector 13. In this embodiment, the bottom of the flange 3 and the top of the second cylindrical connector 13 are made of high-strength Bolt fixed connection, the bottom of the second cylindrical connector 13 is connected to the top of the shell of the static load hydraulic cylinder 16, the bottom of the shell of the static load hydraulic cylinder 16 is fixed on the base 17, the flange 3, the second cylindrical The connecting piece 13 and the shell of the static load hydraulic cylinder 16 are connected through high-strength bolts to fully ensure the strength and stability of the connection of each component. The second cylindrical connecting piece 13 is provided with a static load pressure rod 12, which is used for static load. The material of the pressure rod 12 is steel. One end of the static load pressure rod 12 passes through the flange 3 and is connected to the lower pressure head 9. The other end is coaxially connected to the top of the stress sensor 15. The static load pressure rod 12 is connected to the lower pressure head. A second circular groove is provided at one end of the connection 9, and the lower pressure head 9 is inserted into the second circular groove. The bottom of the stress sensor 15 is connected to the piston of the static load hydraulic cylinder 16. In this embodiment, the stress sensor 15 It is a spoke-type stress sensor. The bottom of the stress sensor 15 is coaxially connected to the piston of the static load hydraulic cylinder 16. The static load hydraulic cylinder 16 provides a load of 400kN. The static load hydraulic cylinder 16 drives the stress sensor 15 to move, thereby pushing the static load pressure rod. 12 reciprocates inside the second cylindrical connector 13 to achieve the purpose of loading and unloading, and the stress sensor 15 is used to monitor stress changes during the loading and unloading process;
耐压腔体1下部的两侧分别与一个举升油缸14的顶部连接，在耐压腔体1下部两侧留设有螺纹孔，耐压腔体1与下部的两个举升油缸14螺纹连接，两个举升油缸14以耐压腔体1的轴线为对称轴对称设置，举升油缸14用以自动升降耐压腔体1，举升油缸14的底部固设于底座17上，本实施例中，利用举升油缸14实现机械化地开启或闭合耐压腔体1，耐压腔体1闭合后，耐压腔体1与法兰盘3紧密连接，并利用12个高强度螺栓穿过螺纹孔固定校核耐压腔体1，保证耐压腔体1的压力稳定与试验装置的安全；Both sides of the lower part of the pressure-resistant chamber 1 are connected to the top of a lifting cylinder 14 respectively. Threaded holes are provided on both sides of the lower part of the pressure-resistant chamber 1. The pressure-resistant chamber 1 is threaded with the two lower lifting cylinders 14. Connected, the two lifting cylinders 14 are arranged symmetrically with the axis of the pressure chamber 1 as the axis. The lifting cylinder 14 is used to automatically lift and lower the pressure chamber 1. The bottom of the lifting cylinder 14 is fixed on the base 17. This In the embodiment, the lifting cylinder 14 is used to mechanically open or close the pressure-resistant chamber 1. After the pressure-resistant chamber 1 is closed, the pressure-resistant chamber 1 is tightly connected to the flange 3, and 12 high-strength bolts are used to pass through it. Fix and check the pressure-resistant cavity 1 through the threaded hole to ensure the pressure stability of the pressure-resistant cavity 1 and the safety of the test device;
耐压腔体1中部沿周向设置有多个耐压视窗10和多个电极座11，耐压视窗10为2个，电极座11为4个，耐压视窗10为耐压钴玻璃视窗，煤岩试样7表面固设有声发射探头，煤岩试样7表面利用耦合剂固定有声发射探头，声发射探头为6-12个，声发射探头的数据线经流体密闭传输孔19导出，并与采集仪连接，耐压腔体1与煤岩试样7之间的间隙设置有微电感应极片18。本实施例中，电极座为电荷感应电极座，极座中有铜制极杆，极杆腔体内部连接微电感应极片18，极杆腔体外与屏蔽线相连，主要用于传递微电感应极片18产生的微电信号同时又保证腔体内压力稳定；微电感应极片18，为镍合金微电感应极片，是镍合金制成的圆形片状金属构件，利用电荷感应原理，监测煤岩试样7破坏过程中产生的微电异常，微电异常引起微电感应极片18产生感应电荷；声发射探头采集的信号经流体密闭传输孔19与外界密封联通，将相应的信号传输至信号前置放大器、采集仪和电脑进行信号储存与后续处理。The middle part of the pressure-resistant cavity 1 is provided with multiple pressure-resistant windows 10 and multiple electrode holders 11 along the circumferential direction. There are two pressure-resistant windows 10 and four electrode holders 11 . The pressure-resistant windows 10 are pressure-resistant cobalt glass windows. Acoustic emission probes are fixed on the surface of the coal and rock sample 7, and acoustic emission probes are fixed on the surface of the coal and rock sample 7 using a coupling agent. There are 6-12 acoustic emission probes. The data lines of the acoustic emission probes are exported through the fluid-tight transmission hole 19, and Connected to the collecting instrument, a microelectric induction pole piece 18 is provided in the gap between the pressure chamber 1 and the coal and rock sample 7 . In this embodiment, the electrode holder is a charge induction electrode holder, and there is a copper pole in the pole holder. The inside of the pole cavity is connected to the microelectric induction pole piece 18, and the outside of the pole cavity is connected to a shielded wire, which is mainly used to transmit microelectricity. The microelectric signal generated by the induction pole piece 18 also ensures the stability of the pressure in the cavity; the microelectric induction pole piece 18 is a nickel alloy microelectric induction pole piece, which is a circular sheet metal component made of nickel alloy and utilizes the principle of charge induction. , monitoring the microelectric anomalies generated during the destruction of the coal and rock sample 7. The microelectric anomalies cause the microelectric induction pole piece 18 to generate an induced charge; the signal collected by the acoustic emission probe is sealed and communicated with the outside world through the fluid-tight transmission hole 19, and the corresponding The signal is transmitted to the signal preamplifier, acquisition instrument and computer for signal storage and subsequent processing.
孔隙流压系统包括第一外部气源、调压阀、压力表和流量计，压力表通过管线与调压阀连接，同时调压阀通过管线与第一外部气源连接，本实施例中，压力表为高精度数字压力表，外部气源提供孔隙流压气体，利用调压阀控制压力大小并由高精密数字压力表显示，法兰盘3的流体密闭传输孔19将外部施加的孔隙流压、围压导入耐压腔体1中，同时也作为导线孔将外界电源传入耐压腔体1内部，上压头8设置有孔隙流压入口，孔隙流压入口通过管线与一个流体密闭传输孔19靠近耐压腔体1的一端连接，同时流体密闭传输孔19的另一端通过管线与压力表连接，下压头9设置有孔隙流压出口，孔隙流压出口通过管线与另一个流体密闭传输孔19靠近耐压腔体1的一端连接，同时流体密闭传输孔19的另一端通过管线与流量计连接，通过流量计监测受载过程中孔隙压力变化，本实施例中的管线均为不锈钢管线，孔隙流压入口和孔隙流压出口为钢质材质，通过孔隙流压入口、孔隙流压出口和管线对煤岩试样7施加孔隙流压；The pore flow pressure system includes a first external air source, a pressure regulating valve, a pressure gauge and a flow meter. The pressure gauge is connected to the pressure regulating valve through a pipeline, and the pressure regulating valve is connected to the first external air source through a pipeline. In this embodiment, The pressure gauge is a high-precision digital pressure gauge. An external air source provides pore flow pressure gas. A pressure regulating valve is used to control the pressure and the pressure is displayed by a high-precision digital pressure gauge. The fluid-tight transmission hole 19 of the flange 3 transmits the externally applied pore flow pressure. The pressure and confining pressure are introduced into the pressure-resistant cavity 1, and it also serves as a conductor hole to transmit external power into the pressure-resistant cavity 1. The upper pressure head 8 is provided with a pore flow pressure inlet, and the pore flow pressure inlet is sealed with a fluid through a pipeline. The transmission hole 19 is connected at one end close to the pressure-resistant cavity 1, while the other end of the fluid-tight transmission hole 19 is connected to the pressure gauge through a pipeline. The lower pressure head 9 is provided with a pore flow pressure outlet, and the pore flow pressure outlet is connected to another fluid through a pipeline. One end of the sealed transmission hole 19 is connected close to the pressure-resistant cavity 1. At the same time, the other end of the fluid-sealed transmission hole 19 is connected to a flow meter through a pipeline. The change of pore pressure during the loading process is monitored through the flow meter. The pipelines in this embodiment are all The stainless steel pipeline, the pore flow pressure inlet and the pore flow pressure outlet are made of steel, and the pore flow pressure is applied to the coal and rock sample 7 through the pore flow pressure inlet, the pore flow pressure outlet and the pipeline;
围压由外界气源提供，第二外界气源通过流体密闭传输孔19充入至所述耐压腔体，并达到所设定值，气压最大压力12MPa；The confining pressure is provided by an external air source, and the second external air source is filled into the pressure-resistant cavity through the fluid-tight transmission hole 19, and reaches the set value, with a maximum air pressure of 12MPa;
液压传动系统包括油箱20、动载荷油路21、静载荷油路22和举升油缸加卸载油路23，各个油路间相互独立，均由相应的程序电气化控制，利用程序实现电气化模块控制加、卸载试验，油箱20设置有电机泵，电机泵为动载荷油路21、静载荷油路22和举升油缸加卸载油路23提供动力源，动载荷油路21包括两个囊式蓄能器、第一压力变送器、电磁阀和比例阀，比例阀与动载液压油缸4连接，静载荷油路22的伺服阀与静载液压油缸16连接，举升油缸加卸载油路23与举升油缸14连接，本实施例中，动载荷油路21为试验装置提供轴向动态载荷，动载荷油路21中串联多个蓄能装置，通过比例阀将液压油泵入蓄能装置并达到设定值，利用大流量电磁阀门控制液压油充入动载液压油缸4达到冲击加载的目的，静载荷油路22为试验装置提供轴向静力学载荷，通过程序设定电器化控制的伺服阀，并利用伺服阀将液压油泵入或泵出静载液压油缸16，以达到对试件加、卸载的目的，举升油缸加卸载油路23中设置有同步平衡阀，控制两个举升油缸14，使它们的升降速度具有显著的同步性。The hydraulic transmission system includes a fuel tank 20, a dynamic load oil circuit 21, a static load oil circuit 22 and a lifting cylinder loading and unloading oil circuit 23. Each oil circuit is independent of each other and is controlled by corresponding program electrification. The program is used to realize electrification module control and processing. , unloading test, the oil tank 20 is equipped with a motor pump. The motor pump provides power source for the dynamic load oil circuit 21, the static load oil circuit 22 and the lifting cylinder loading and unloading oil circuit 23. The dynamic load oil circuit 21 includes two bladder energy storage transmitter, first pressure transmitter, solenoid valve and proportional valve. The proportional valve is connected to the dynamic load hydraulic cylinder 4, the servo valve of the static load oil circuit 22 is connected to the static load hydraulic cylinder 16, and the loading and unloading oil circuit 23 of the lifting cylinder is connected to The lifting cylinder 14 is connected. In this embodiment, the dynamic load oil circuit 21 provides axial dynamic load for the test device. Multiple energy storage devices are connected in series in the dynamic load oil circuit 21. The hydraulic oil is pumped into the energy storage device through the proportional valve and reaches Set value, use a large flow electromagnetic valve to control the hydraulic oil to be charged into the dynamic load hydraulic cylinder 4 to achieve the purpose of impact loading, the static load oil circuit 22 provides axial static load for the test device, and the electrically controlled servo valve is set through the program , and use the servo valve to pump hydraulic oil into or out of the static load hydraulic cylinder 16 to achieve the purpose of loading and unloading the specimen. A synchronous balance valve is provided in the lifting cylinder loading and unloading oil circuit 23 to control the two lifting cylinders. 14, so that their lifting speeds have significant synchronization.
第二圆筒形连接件13的一侧设有镂空滑槽，静载压杆12与梢杆垂直连接，梢杆通过镂空滑槽与光栅传感器滑动连接，本实施例中，梢杆为钢质梢杆，光栅传感器为高精度光栅传感器，通过光栅传感器监测静载压杆12的运动与载荷情况。A hollow chute is provided on one side of the second cylindrical connector 13. The static load pressure rod 12 is vertically connected to the tip rod. The tip rod is slidingly connected to the grating sensor through the hollow chute. In this embodiment, the tip rod is made of steel. The tip rod and grating sensor are high-precision grating sensors, and the motion and load conditions of the static load pressure rod 12 are monitored through the grating sensor.
下面说明本发明的一次使用过程：The following describes the one-time use process of the present invention:
试验准备阶段：首先根据试验煤岩试样7形状选择相应的上压头8和下压头9，将煤岩试样7两端分别用胶带固定于上压头8和下压头9上并利用热塑套包裹好，将下压头9安置于静载压杆12上，分别将不锈钢管线一端连接于上压头的钢质孔隙流压入口，并将管线在试样周围缠绕两圈防止加载过程中管线的长度不够而断裂，后将另一端连于下法兰盘的流体密闭传输孔19上，该流体密闭传输孔19远离耐压腔体1的一端连接压力表、稳压阀、气源或水压源，选取另一根不锈钢管线的一端连接于下压头上的孔隙流压出口并同样将不锈钢管线绕试样缠绕两圈，将另一端连于法兰盘的另一流体密闭传输孔19，该流体密闭传输孔19远离耐压腔体1的一端连接流量计，按实验要求选择相应数量的声发射探头，将声发射探头利用耦合胶水固定在煤体表面，按声发射定位监测方法排布，将声发射探头数据线通过位于法兰盘上的流体密闭传输孔19引出并连接外部采集仪器，同时将电极座11连接采集仪，调试各信号，开启程序，启动举升油缸加卸载油路23控制举升油缸14下降使耐压腔体1与法兰盘3闭合并校紧螺栓，启动静载荷油路22利用静载液压油缸16对试件施加初始预载荷，向腔体内部冲入气体围压至目标值，随后经由流体密闭传输孔19对煤岩试样7施加孔隙流压环境至压力稳定并保持流体充入，将高速摄像机架设于一个耐压视窗10外部，将光源架设于另一个耐压视窗10外部。Test preparation stage: first select the corresponding upper indenter 8 and lower indenter 9 according to the shape of the test coal and rock sample 7, fix both ends of the coal and rock sample 7 on the upper indenter 8 and lower indenter 9 respectively with tape and Wrap it with a thermoplastic sleeve, place the lower pressure head 9 on the static load pressure rod 12, connect one end of the stainless steel pipeline to the steel pore flow pressure inlet of the upper pressure head, and wrap the pipeline twice around the sample to prevent loading. During the process, the length of the pipeline was insufficient and it broke. Finally, the other end was connected to the fluid-tight transmission hole 19 of the lower flange. The end of the fluid-tight transmission hole 19 away from the pressure-resistant cavity 1 was connected to the pressure gauge, pressure stabilizing valve, and gas. source or water pressure source, select one end of another stainless steel pipe to connect to the pore flow pressure outlet on the lower pressure head, and similarly wind the stainless steel pipe around the sample twice, and connect the other end to the other fluid seal of the flange. Transmission hole 19. One end of the fluid-tight transmission hole 19 away from the pressure-resistant cavity 1 is connected to the flow meter. Select a corresponding number of acoustic emission probes according to the experimental requirements. Fix the acoustic emission probes on the surface of the coal body using coupling glue, and position according to the acoustic emission To arrange the monitoring method, lead the acoustic emission probe data line through the fluid-tight transmission hole 19 on the flange and connect it to the external acquisition instrument. At the same time, connect the electrode base 11 to the acquisition instrument, debug each signal, start the program, and start the lifting cylinder. The loading and unloading oil circuit 23 controls the lowering of the lifting cylinder 14 to close the pressure chamber 1 and the flange 3 and tighten the bolts. The static load oil circuit 22 is started and the static load hydraulic cylinder 16 is used to apply an initial preload to the specimen, and the pressure is applied to the cavity. The gas confining pressure is rushed into the body to the target value, and then a pore flow pressure environment is applied to the coal and rock sample 7 through the fluid-tight transmission hole 19 until the pressure is stable and the fluid is kept filled. A high-speed camera is installed outside a pressure-resistant window 10. The light source is installed outside another pressure-resistant window 10.
试验阶段：将应力传感器15清零，设定轴向加载路径，并相应的加载速率至设定轴压，同时声发射采集系统、电荷监测系统清零调整相应参数，各设备调整好后同时开启压力机、流体压力监测设备、摄像机、声发射采集系统、电荷监测系统采集各参量变化，设定冲击载荷速率开启动载荷油路21蓄能，当蓄能达额定工作状态时，开启上部动载液压油缸4对煤岩试样7施加动力学载荷冲击直至测试煤岩试样7失去承载能力停止采集、储存试验结果。Test phase: Clear the stress sensor 15, set the axial loading path, and set the corresponding loading rate to the set axial pressure. At the same time, the acoustic emission acquisition system and the charge monitoring system are reset and the corresponding parameters are cleared. After each equipment is adjusted, they are turned on at the same time. The press, fluid pressure monitoring equipment, camera, acoustic emission acquisition system, and charge monitoring system collect the changes in parameters, set the impact load rate and start the load oil circuit 21 to store energy. When the energy storage reaches the rated working state, the upper dynamic load is turned on. The hydraulic cylinder 4 exerts a dynamic load impact on the coal and rock sample 7 until the tested coal and rock sample 7 loses its bearing capacity and stops collecting and storing test results.
试验后处理：各参数储存结束后，先卸去孔隙流体压力，随后分别卸去围压和轴向压力，开启举升油缸14打开耐压腔体1，取出测试煤岩试样7。Post-test processing: After the storage of each parameter, first remove the pore fluid pressure, then remove the confining pressure and axial pressure respectively, open the lifting cylinder 14, open the pressure chamber 1, and take out the test coal and rock sample 7.
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection of the present invention. within the range.
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