CN113790853A - Comprehensive test platform for dynamic sealing performance of gas storage cap rock - Google Patents
Comprehensive test platform for dynamic sealing performance of gas storage cap rock Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
- G01M3/24—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point using infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic vibrations
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/26—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/32—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N2203/0003—Steady
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/001—Impulsive
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
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- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
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- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
- G01N2203/0067—Fracture or rupture
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- G01N2203/0075—Strain-stress relations or elastic constants
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- G01N2203/0222—Temperature
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N2203/023—Pressure
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
- G01N2203/023—Pressure
- G01N2203/0234—Low pressure; Vacuum
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- G01N2203/0236—Other environments
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
- G01N2203/0244—Tests performed "in situ" or after "in situ" use
- G01N2203/0246—Special simulation of "in situ" conditions, scale models or dummies
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0256—Triaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along three normal axes of the specimen
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0676—Force, weight, load, energy, speed or acceleration
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of geological engineering, and particularly relates to a comprehensive test platform for the dynamic sealing property of gas storage cap rock. The platform has a temperature and confining pressure loading system and a vacuumizing and saturation system, can realize the simulation of temperature, confining pressure and formation water under the formation condition, can adopt a stress control technology to realize the simulation of stress alternation during the injection-production alternation of a gas storage reservoir, and can adopt an advanced flowmeter or an optical fiber type sensor to acquire the permeability or breakthrough pressure data in real time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of geological engineering, and particularly relates to a comprehensive test platform for dynamic sealing performance of gas storage cover rock.
Background
Underground gas storage is a key link of the natural gas industry chain and an important component of a pipeline conveying system. The underground gas storage is harsh in construction conditions, has the characteristics of high flow, strong injection, strong mining and high-strength service, and is especially important in the safety of long-term operation, so that the cover layer is required to have good dynamic sealing performance under the action of long-term alternating load. Under the action of long-term alternating load, the mechanical properties and capillary sealing capacity of rock undergo a significant and complex change process. At present, the understanding of the dynamic evolution mechanism of the sealing property parameters (permeability, breakthrough pressure and the like) of the cover layer caused by long-term alternating injection and production is not clear, and the main expression is as follows: on one hand, the evaluation criterion of mechanical closure of the cover under the action of long-term alternating load is not clear, and particularly the recognition of fatigue failure conditions of the cover, irreversible deformation behaviors, failure mechanisms, constitutive relations and the like is insufficient; on the other hand, the mechanism of the evolution of the long-term alternating load on the pore structure and permeability of the rock cover is not clear, and the research degree of the influence of the fatigue mechanical effect on the closure of the capillary of the cover is very low. Therefore, the gas storage cover layer multi-period alternating stress dynamic sealing evolution characteristic test under the stratum conditions (the stratum temperature, the stratum pressure and the underground water environment) has important reference value for solving the problems of engineering sealing performance and safety and stability of the oil and gas underground storage. However, the prior art is still lack of the comprehensive test platform.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings in the prior art, the present invention provides a comprehensive dynamic tightness test platform for a gas storage cap layer, which has a temperature and confining pressure loading system and a vacuum pumping and saturation system, and can realize the simulation of temperature, confining pressure and formation water under formation conditions, on one hand, the stress control technology can be adopted to realize the simulation of stress alternation during injection and production alternation of the gas storage, and on the other hand, an advanced flowmeter or an optical fiber sensor can be adopted to acquire permeability or breakthrough pressure data in real time.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a comprehensive test platform for dynamic sealing performance of gas storage cap rock is formed by connecting a triaxial alternating mechanical control system, a temperature loading system, a gas pressurization system, a rock core saturation loading system, a seepage outlet monitoring system, an acoustic detection system and a data acquisition and display system through a high-pressure connecting pipeline, a valve and a circuit system.
The triaxial alternating mechanical control system consists of a triaxial rigid reaction frame, a self-balancing pressure chamber, a pressure chamber opening and closing oil cylinder, a pressure chamber annular cabin door, an axial confining direction control system, an axial pressure loading cylinder, a displacement sensor, an axial load force sensor, a confining pressure liquid storage tank, a liquid feeding pump, a confining pressure loading pump, a high-pressure circulating pump, a pressure sensor, a temperature measuring sensor, an axial strain sensor and a radial strain sensor;
the axial direction-enclosing control system is connected with the pressure chamber opening and closing oil cylinder and the axial pressure loading cylinder through circuits, can realize the loading of complex stress paths including alternating stress and is used for simulating the complex stress paths of the stratum during the injection and production alternation of the gas storage; the self-balancing pressure chamber is controlled to be opened and closed by a pressure chamber opening and closing oil cylinder, so that the loading, taking out and confining pressure loading and maintaining of a sample are realized; the axial pressure loading cylinder is connected with the self-balancing pressure chamber through a pipeline to realize the loading of axial pressure, and the axial load force sensor displays the magnitude of the axial force in real time through a data acquisition system; the displacement sensor displays the displacement in real time through a data acquisition system; the axial strain sensor and the radial strain sensor are arranged on the sample and connected with the pressure chamber data acquisition channel to realize the acquisition of axial and radial strain data in the loading process; the confining pressure liquid storage tank, the liquid adding pump, the confining pressure loading pump and the high-pressure circulating pump are connected with the self-balancing pressure chamber through pipelines, so that high-temperature and high-pressure hydraulic oil in the pressure chamber can be injected and confined pressure loaded, and the pressure sensor displays the size of the confining pressure in real time through the data acquisition system and is used for simulating the actual confining pressure of the stratum;
after the annular cabin door of the pressure chamber is lifted and closed, the self-balancing pressure chamber forms a closed cavity, so that injection of confining pressure liquid and loading and maintaining of confining pressure can be realized; the triaxial alternating mechanics control system provides counter force through a triaxial rigid reaction frame;
the temperature loading system consists of a temperature loading device, a temperature control system and a temperature control sensor, wherein the temperature control sensor and the temperature control system are connected with the temperature loading device through a circuit to realize the heating of the confining pressure liquid and can circulate to the pressure chamber through the high-pressure circulating pump; the temperature control sensor can acquire and record the temperature in the pressure chamber in real time, is used for simulating the formation temperature and is used for loading and maintaining the formation temperature;
the gas pressurization system consists of a gas cylinder, a pressure regulating valve, an air compressor and a gas booster pump;
the core saturation loading system consists of an evacuation system, a first saturated liquid storage tank, a second saturated liquid storage tank and an injection pump; the vacuumizing system and the saturated liquid storage tanks can realize the saturation of the sample after vacuumizing in the triaxial chamber, and the two saturated liquid storage tanks can reduce the inconvenience caused by saturated liquid replacement;
the injection pump is respectively communicated with the first saturated liquid storage tank and the second saturated liquid storage tank through high-pressure connecting pipelines provided with pressure regulating valves; the first saturated liquid storage tank, the second saturated liquid storage tank, the evacuation system, the air compressor, the gas booster pump and the gas cylinder are communicated with the self-balancing pressure chamber;
the gas cylinder, the pressure regulating valve, the air compressor and the gas booster pump are connected through a high-pressure pipeline, and are connected with the evacuation system, the injection pump, the first saturated liquid storage tank and the second saturated liquid storage tank to the inlet end of the pressure chamber; the evacuation system is used for vacuumizing a pipeline at the inlet end and evacuating and saturating the core in the pressure chamber; the saturated liquid is prepared according to a stratum saturated medium and is used for simulating a stratum fluid environment;
the seepage outlet monitoring system consists of a bubble monitor, a gas-liquid separator, a conical flask, an electronic balance and a gas flowmeter; the conical flask and the electronic balance are positioned below the gas-liquid separator, the gas flowmeter is arranged at the top of the gas-liquid separator, and the bubble monitor is arranged on the communicating pipe; the bubble monitor can acquire the escaping time and the corresponding pressure of the first bubble in real time, the gas flowmeter can monitor the real-time flow rate and the accumulated flow of the gas during gas permeability measurement, and the gas-liquid separator, the conical flask and the electronic balance can realize the flow of the liquid during liquid permeability measurement; the outlet end of the pressure chamber is connected with a bubble monitor, a gas-liquid separator, a conical flask, an electronic balance and a gas flowmeter; the bubble monitor is internally provided with a signal receiver which can receive a signal sent by the correlation type optical fiber sensor after detecting the bubbles; the saturated liquid displaced from the outlet end and the escaped gas are separated by a gas-liquid separator, a conical flask is used for containing the separated liquid, an electronic balance below the conical flask is used for measuring the mass of the saturated liquid, and a gas flowmeter is used for monitoring the real-time flow rate and the accumulated flow rate of the separated gas; when the sample is not saturated, gas or liquid can be injected into the inlet end through a gas pressurization system or an injection pump and a saturated liquid storage tank, and the gas or liquid flow is detected at the outlet end through a gas flowmeter or a gas-liquid separator, a conical flask and an electronic balance, so that the gas detection or liquid detection permeability of the sample is tested;
the acoustic detection system consists of an acoustic wave detection system and an acoustic emission testing system, wherein an acoustic emission probe of the acoustic emission testing system is attached to the surface of the sample through a coupling agent; the sound wave detection system is embedded in the pressure heads at the two ends and is contacted with the sample through the coupling agent, so that the longitudinal and transverse wave speeds before and during the test can be acquired in real time; the probe of the multi-channel acoustic emission testing system is attached to the surface of a sample through a coupling agent, and parameters such as acoustic emission events, ringing counts, energy accumulation counts and the like in the testing process can be collected in real time;
the data acquisition and display system consists of a computer with a built-in data acquisition program, a display and a printer; the acquisition interface of the data acquisition display system is respectively connected to the outlet ends of a temperature measurement sensor, an axial strain sensor, a radial strain sensor, an axial surrounding control system, an axial load force sensor, a displacement sensor, a bubble monitor, a gas flowmeter, a pressure sensor, a temperature control sensor and an acoustic detection system, and the data acquisition system is connected to the output end of each sensor through a plurality of data acquisition interfaces so as to realize data acquisition of confining pressure, axial pressure, stress, strain, acoustic parameters, temperature, gas or liquid pressure at the inlet end, breakthrough time, breakthrough pressure, gas flow and flow rate.
Furthermore, the comprehensive test platform takes a triaxial mechanical test platform as a main frame, and is provided with a high-pressure gas injection system, a high-pressure liquid injection system, a high-pressure circulating heating system, a breakthrough pressure test system, a gas/liquid permeability test system, a vacuum pumping system, a software test system, an acoustic emission test system, an acoustic wave test system, other auxiliary systems and the like, so that a set of multifunctional, multipurpose and multi-physical-field rock test detection platform is formed. The method can simulate the three-axis stress alternating mechanical behavior of the cover layer caused by alternating injection and production of the gas storage under the stratum condition in a laboratory, can further carry out joint measurement of the sealing parameters (permeability and breakthrough pressure), realizes comprehensive test of the temperature-alternating mechanics-dynamic sealing of the cover layer, and can provide a data basis for evaluation of the dynamic sealing of the cover layer under the multi-period alternating stress of the gas storage.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: firstly, the main body of the three-shaft press adopts a door type integral casting structure, so that the space occupied by a test instrument is greatly reduced; an axial sensor interface and a radial sensor interface are reserved in the pressure chamber, so that errors caused by pasting of a strain gauge and leading wires are avoided; an acoustic emission interface is reserved in the pressure chamber, and acoustic probes are embedded in the pressure heads at two ends, so that acoustic parameters before and during the test can be measured in real time. Secondly, this test platform is furnished with evacuation pump and two saturated liquid storage tanks, can realize directly saturating the rock core in the pressure chamber to can pour into different saturated liquid into according to different experimental requirements, make experimental convenient and fast more. Thirdly, an advanced bubble monitor is adopted, bubbles can be detected at the first time, and breakthrough pressure at the corresponding moment is recorded; and the advanced gas flowmeter is adopted, so that the flow rate and the accumulated flow of the gas at the outlet end can be recorded in real time. Most importantly, the test platform couples the gas breakthrough pressure test and the gas-liquid permeability test of the sample with the triaxial mechanical test of the sample, and the test of in-situ physical property parameters of the sample under the condition of alternating triaxial stress truly evaluates the dynamic sealing property of the cover layer.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a three-axis press of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view a-a of the tri-axial press of fig. 2.
Detailed Description
Example one
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the comprehensive test platform for the dynamic sealing performance of the gas storage cap rock is formed by connecting a triaxial alternating mechanical control system, a temperature loading system, a gas pressurization system, a rock core saturation loading system, a seepage outlet monitoring system, an acoustic detection system and a data acquisition and display system through a high-pressure connecting pipeline, a valve and a circuit system.
The triaxial alternating mechanical control system consists of a triaxial rigid reaction frame 5, a self-balancing pressure chamber 6, a pressure chamber opening and closing oil cylinder 1, a pressure chamber annular cabin door 36, an axial confining direction control system 7, an axial pressure loading cylinder 11, a displacement sensor 12, an axial load force sensor 8, a confining pressure liquid storage tank 19, a liquid feeding pump 20, a confining pressure loading pump 21, a high-pressure circulating pump 18, a pressure sensor 22, a temperature measuring sensor 2, an axial strain sensor 3, a radial strain sensor 4, a self-balancing piston 34 and an oil receiving disc 38;
the axial direction-enclosing control system 7 is connected with the pressure chamber opening and closing oil cylinder 1 and the axial pressure loading cylinder 11 through circuits, so that loading of complex stress paths including alternating stress can be realized, and the complex stress paths of the stratum during injection and production alternation of the gas storage can be simulated; the self-balancing pressure chamber 6 is controlled to be opened and closed by the pressure chamber opening and closing oil cylinder 1, so that the loading, the taking out and the confining pressure loading and maintaining of a sample are realized; the axial pressure loading cylinder 11 is connected with the self-balancing pressure chamber 6 through a pipeline to realize the loading of axial pressure, and the axial load force sensor 8 displays the magnitude of the axial force in real time through a data acquisition system; the displacement sensor 12 displays the displacement in real time through a data acquisition system; the axial strain sensor 3 and the radial strain sensor 4 are arranged on the sample and connected with the pressure chamber data acquisition channel to realize the acquisition of axial and radial strain data in the loading process; the confining pressure liquid storage tank 19, the liquid adding pump 20, the confining pressure loading pump 21 and the high-pressure circulating pump 18 are connected with the self-balancing pressure chamber 6 through pipelines, so that the injection and confining pressure loading of high-temperature and high-pressure resistant hydraulic oil of the pressure chamber can be realized, and the pressure sensor 22 displays the confining pressure in real time through a data acquisition system so as to simulate the actual confining pressure of a stratum;
after the pressure chamber annular cabin door 36 is lifted and closed, the self-balancing pressure chamber 6 forms a closed cavity, so that injection of confining pressure liquid and loading and maintaining of confining pressure can be realized; the triaxial alternating mechanics control system provides counter force through a triaxial rigid reaction frame;
the axial strain sensor and the radial strain sensor are arranged on the sample and connected with the pressure chamber data acquisition channel to realize the acquisition of axial and radial strain data in the loading process;
the confining pressure liquid storage tank, the liquid adding pump, the confining pressure loading pump and the high-pressure circulating pump are connected with the pressure chamber through pipelines, so that the injection and confining pressure loading of high-temperature and high-pressure resistant hydraulic oil in the pressure chamber can be realized, and the pressure sensor can display the confining pressure in real time through the data acquisition system and is used for simulating the actual confining pressure of the stratum;
the temperature loading system consists of a temperature loading device 24, a temperature control system 23 and a temperature control sensor 25, wherein the temperature control sensor 25 and the temperature control system 23 are connected with the temperature loading device 24 through a circuit to realize the heating of confining pressure liquid, and can circulate to the pressure chamber through a high-pressure circulating pump; the temperature control sensor 25 can collect and record the temperature in the pressure chamber in real time, is used for simulating the formation temperature and is used for loading and maintaining the formation temperature;
the gas pressurization system consists of a gas cylinder 33, a pressure regulating valve 32, an air compressor and a gas booster pump 31;
the core saturation loading system consists of an evacuation system 30, a first saturated liquid storage tank 27, a second saturated liquid storage tank 28 and an injection pump 29; the evacuation system 30 and the saturated liquid storage tanks can realize the saturation of the sample after the vacuum pumping in the three-axis chamber, and the two saturated liquid storage tanks can reduce the inconvenience brought by saturated liquid;
the injection pump 29 is respectively communicated with the first saturated liquid storage tank 27 and the second saturated liquid storage tank 28 through high-pressure connecting pipelines provided with pressure regulating valves 32; the first saturated liquid storage tank 27, the second saturated liquid storage tank 28, the evacuation system 30, the air compressor and gas booster pump 31 and the gas cylinder 33 are communicated with the self-balancing pressure chamber 6;
the gas bottle 33, the pressure regulating valve 32, the air compressor and the gas booster pump 31 are connected through high-pressure pipelines and are connected with the evacuation system 30, the injection pump 29, the first saturated liquid storage tank 27 and the second saturated liquid storage tank 28 to the inlet end of the pressure chamber; the evacuation system 30 is used for vacuumizing the inlet end pipeline and for evacuating and saturating the core in the pressure chamber; the saturated liquid is prepared according to a stratum saturated medium and is used for simulating a stratum fluid environment;
the seepage outlet monitoring system consists of a bubble monitor 13, a gas-liquid separator 15, a conical flask 16, an electronic balance 17 and a gas flowmeter 14; the conical flask 16 and the electronic balance 17 are positioned below the gas-liquid separator 15, the gas flowmeter 14 is arranged at the top of the gas-liquid separator 15, and the bubble monitor 13 is arranged on the communicating pipe; the bubble monitor 13 can acquire the escape time and the corresponding pressure of the first bubble in real time, the gas flowmeter 14 can monitor the real-time flow rate and the accumulated flow rate of the gas during gas permeability measurement, and the gas-liquid separator 15, the conical flask 16 and the electronic balance 17 can realize the flow rate of the liquid during liquid permeability measurement; the outlet end of the pressure chamber is connected with a bubble monitor, a gas-liquid separator, a conical flask, an electronic balance and a gas flowmeter; the bubble monitor is internally provided with a signal receiver which can receive a signal sent by the correlation type optical fiber sensor after detecting the bubbles; the saturated liquid displaced from the outlet end and the escaped gas are separated by a gas-liquid separator, a conical flask is used for containing the separated liquid, an electronic balance below the conical flask is used for measuring the mass of the saturated liquid, and a gas flowmeter is used for monitoring the real-time flow rate and the accumulated flow rate of the separated gas; when the sample is not saturated, gas or liquid can be injected into the inlet end through a gas pressurization system or an injection pump and a saturated liquid storage tank, and the gas or liquid flow is detected at the outlet end through a gas flowmeter or a gas-liquid separator, a conical flask and an electronic balance, so that the gas detection or liquid detection permeability of the sample is tested;
the acoustic detection system consists of an acoustic wave detection system and an acoustic emission testing system 26, wherein an acoustic emission probe 10 of the acoustic emission testing system is attached to the surface of a sample through a coupling agent; the sound wave detection system is embedded in the pressure heads at the two ends and is contacted with the sample through the coupling agent, so that the longitudinal and transverse wave speeds before and during the test can be acquired in real time; the probe of the multi-channel acoustic emission testing system is attached to the surface of a sample through a coupling agent, and parameters such as acoustic emission events, ringing counts, energy accumulation counts and the like in the testing process can be collected in real time;
the data acquisition and display system consists of a computer with a built-in data acquisition program, a display and a printer; the acquisition interface of the data acquisition display system is respectively connected to the temperature measurement sensor 2, the axial strain sensor 3, the radial strain sensor 4, the axial direction surrounding control system 7, the axial load force sensor 8, the displacement sensor 12, the bubble monitor 13, the gas flowmeter 14, the pressure sensor 22, the temperature control sensor 25 and the outlet end of the acoustic detection system, the data acquisition system is connected to the output end of each sensor through a plurality of data acquisition interfaces, so as to realize the data acquisition of confining pressure, axial pressure, stress, strain, acoustic parameters, temperature, the gas or liquid pressure at the inlet end, breakthrough time, breakthrough pressure, gas flow and flow speed.
Example two
As shown in fig. 1, the testing method of the comprehensive testing platform for the dynamic tightness of the gas storage cap layer comprises the following steps:
(1) after a sample is wrapped by an oil-proof heat-shrinkable tube 9, an axial strain sensor 3, a radial strain sensor 4 and an acoustic emission probe 10 are loaded, a self-balancing pressure chamber 6 is placed, and a data lead is inserted into a multi-channel data acquisition interface 37; a small axial load is applied to the sample through the axial direction surrounding control system 7, the axial loading cylinder 11 and the axial force sensor 8 so as to fix the sample;
(2) the annular cabin door 36 of the pressure chamber is closed through the opening and closing oil cylinder 1 of the pressure chamber, the safety pin 35 of the pressure chamber is inserted, and confining pressure loading is carried out through the axial confining pressure control system 7, the confining pressure liquid storage tank 19, the liquid adding pump 20, the confining pressure loading pump 21 and the pressure sensor 22;
(3) temperature loading is carried out through the temperature measuring sensor 2, the high-pressure circulating pump 18, the temperature control system 23, the temperature loading device 24 and the temperature control sensor 25, and the temperature under the stratum is simulated;
(4) after the sample is vacuumized by the evacuation system 30, the evacuation system 30 is closed, the injection pump 29 and the first saturated liquid storage tank 27 or the second saturated liquid storage tank 28 are started, and the sample is saturated with formation water or non-sensitive fluid (such as kerosene);
(5) and loading a multi-cycle alternating load on the cover layer sample by an axial surrounding control system 7, an axial load force sensor 8, an axial pressure loading cylinder 11 and a displacement sensor 12 to simulate the alternating stress in the injection and production process of the gas storage. The axial strain sensor 3, the radial strain sensor 4 and the axial load force sensor 8 can acquire stress strain data and the like in the alternating stress loading process of the sample;
(6) after one or more alternating stress periods are finished, the load state is kept through the axial direction surrounding control system 7; the gas pressure system 31, the pressure regulating valve 32 and the gas bottle 33 are used for carrying out gas breakthrough pressure test on the sample, and the bubble monitor 13 can record the time of first bubble emergence and the corresponding inlet end gas pressure in real time;
(7) repeating the steps (4) to (5), and realizing dynamic breakthrough pressure integrated combined measurement under the condition of multi-period alternating stress of the cover layer sample;
(8) when the saturation in the step (4) is not carried out, the integrated joint measurement of the dynamic permeability can be realized;
(9) after one or more alternating stress periods are finished, the load state is kept through the axial direction surrounding control system 7; the gas measuring permeability of the cover layer sample can be measured in real time through the gas pressurization system 31, the pressure regulating valve 32, the gas bottle 33 and the gas flowmeter 14; the liquid measuring permeability of the cover layer sample can be measured in real time through the injection pump 29, the first saturated liquid storage tank 27 or the second saturated liquid storage tank 28, the gas flow meter 14, the gas-liquid separator 15, the conical flask 16 and the electronic balance 17;
(10) and (5) repeating the step (5) and the step (9), so that the integrated joint measurement of the gas measurement permeability or the liquid measurement permeability of the cover layer sample under the condition of multi-period alternating stress can be realized.
The above is a comprehensive test process for dynamic sealing of cap layer. The comprehensive test platform for the dynamic sealing performance of the cover layer is mainly used for researching the dynamic sealing performance test of the influence of multi-period alternating stress under the stratum condition. And the three-axis mechanical test and reservoir immiscible two-phase fluid displacement under conventional or complex stress paths of various rocks can be completed.
Claims (2)
1. The utility model provides a comprehensive test platform of gas storage storehouse cap rock dynamic seal nature which characterized in that: the comprehensive test platform is formed by connecting a triaxial alternating mechanical control system, a temperature loading system, a gas pressurization system, a rock core saturation loading system, a seepage outlet monitoring system, an acoustic detection system and a data acquisition and display system through a high-pressure connecting pipeline, a valve and a circuit system.
2. The triaxial alternating mechanical control system consists of a triaxial rigid reaction frame (5), a self-balancing pressure chamber (6), a pressure chamber opening and closing oil cylinder (1), a pressure chamber annular cabin door (36), an axial confining direction control system (7), an axial pressure loading cylinder (11), a displacement sensor (12), an axial load force sensor (8), a confining pressure liquid storage tank (19), a liquid feeding pump (20), a confining pressure loading pump (21), a high-pressure circulating pump (18), a pressure sensor (22), a temperature measuring sensor (2), an axial strain sensor (3) and a radial strain sensor (4);
the axial direction-enclosing control system (7) is connected with the pressure chamber opening and closing oil cylinder (1) and the axial pressure loading cylinder (11) through a circuit; the self-balancing pressure chamber (6) is controlled to be opened and closed by the pressure chamber opening and closing oil cylinder (1) to realize the loading, taking out and confining pressure loading and maintaining of a sample; the axial pressure loading cylinder (11) is connected with the self-balancing pressure chamber (6) through a pipeline to realize the loading of axial pressure, and the axial load force sensor (8) displays the magnitude of the axial force in real time through a data acquisition system; the displacement sensor (12) displays the displacement in real time through a data acquisition system; the axial strain sensor (3) and the radial strain sensor (4) are arranged on the sample and connected with the pressure chamber data acquisition channel to realize the acquisition of axial and radial strain data in the loading process; the confining pressure liquid storage tank (19), the liquid adding pump (20), the confining pressure loading pump (21) and the high-pressure circulating pump (18) are connected with the self-balancing pressure chamber (6) through pipelines, so that the injection and confining pressure loading of high-temperature and high-pressure resistant hydraulic oil of the pressure chamber can be realized, and the pressure sensor (22) displays the confining pressure in real time through a data acquisition system so as to simulate the actual confining pressure of a stratum;
after the annular cabin door (36) of the pressure chamber is lifted and closed, the self-balancing pressure chamber (6) forms a closed cavity, so that injection of confining pressure liquid and loading and maintaining of confining pressure can be realized;
the temperature loading system consists of a temperature loading device (24), a temperature control system (23) and a temperature control sensor (25), wherein the temperature control sensor (25) and the temperature control system (23) are connected with the temperature loading device (24) through a circuit to realize the heating of confining pressure liquid, and can circulate to the pressure chamber through a high-pressure circulating pump; the temperature control sensor (25) can collect and record the temperature in the pressure chamber in real time, is used for simulating the formation temperature and is used for loading and maintaining the formation temperature;
the gas pressurization system consists of a gas cylinder (33), a pressure regulating valve (32), an air compressor and a gas booster pump (31);
the core saturation loading system consists of an evacuation system (30), a first saturated liquid storage tank (27), a second saturated liquid storage tank (28) and an injection pump (29); the evacuation system (30) and the saturated liquid storage tank can realize the saturation of the sample after the sample is vacuumized in the three-axis chamber;
the injection pump (29) is respectively communicated with the first saturated liquid storage tank (27) and the second saturated liquid storage tank (28) through high-pressure connecting pipelines provided with pressure regulating valves (32); a first saturated liquid storage tank (27), a second saturated liquid storage tank (28), an evacuation system (30), an air compressor, a gas booster pump (31) and a gas cylinder (33) are communicated with the self-balancing pressure chamber (6);
the gas cylinder (33), the pressure regulating valve (32), the air compressor and the gas booster pump (31) are connected through a high-pressure pipeline, and are connected with the evacuation system (30), the injection pump (29), the first saturated liquid storage tank (27) and the second saturated liquid storage tank (28) to the inlet end of the pressure chamber; the evacuation system (30) is used for vacuumizing the inlet end pipeline and evacuating and saturating the core in the pressure chamber; the saturated liquid is prepared according to a stratum saturated medium and is used for simulating a stratum fluid environment;
the seepage outlet monitoring system consists of a bubble monitor (13), a gas-liquid separator (15), a conical flask (16), an electronic balance (17) and a gas flowmeter (14); the conical flask (16) and the electronic balance (17) are positioned below the gas-liquid separator (15), the gas flowmeter (14) is arranged at the top of the gas-liquid separator (15), and the bubble monitor (13) is arranged on the communicating pipe; the bubble monitor (13) can collect the escaping time and the corresponding pressure of the first bubble in real time, the gas flowmeter (14) can monitor the real-time flow rate and the accumulated flow rate of the gas during gas permeability measurement, and the gas-liquid separator (15), the conical flask (16) and the electronic balance (17) can realize the flow rate of the liquid during liquid permeability measurement;
the acoustic detection system consists of an acoustic detection system and an acoustic emission testing system (26), wherein an acoustic emission probe (10) of the system is attached to the surface of the sample through a coupling agent; longitudinal and transverse wave speeds before and during the test can be collected in real time;
the data acquisition and display system consists of a computer with a built-in data acquisition program, a display and a printer; the acquisition interface of the data acquisition display system is respectively connected to a temperature measurement sensor (2), an axial strain sensor (3), a radial strain sensor (4), an axial surrounding control system (7), an axial load force sensor (8), a displacement sensor (12), a bubble monitor (13), a gas flowmeter (14), a pressure sensor (22), a temperature control sensor (25) and the outlet end of an acoustic detection system, so as to realize data acquisition of confining pressure, axial pressure, stress, strain, acoustic parameters, temperature, gas or liquid pressure at the inlet end, breakthrough time, breakthrough pressure, gas flow and flow rate.
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