CN110426336A - A kind of subgrade soils Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity measuring system and its relevant measurement method - Google Patents
A kind of subgrade soils Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity measuring system and its relevant measurement method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110426336A CN110426336A CN201910754175.4A CN201910754175A CN110426336A CN 110426336 A CN110426336 A CN 110426336A CN 201910754175 A CN201910754175 A CN 201910754175A CN 110426336 A CN110426336 A CN 110426336A
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- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- HPNSNYBUADCFDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromafenozide Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C(=O)N(NC(=O)C=2C(=C3CCCOC3=CC=2)C)C(C)(C)C)=C1 HPNSNYBUADCFDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 49
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
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Abstract
The present invention relates to field of road, more particularly to a kind of subgrade soils Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity measuring system and its relevant measurement method.The present invention provides a kind of subgrade soils Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity measuring system, including sample storing apparatus and water supply device, the sample storing apparatus includes sample receiving member, temperature measuring device and matric suction measuring device are additionally provided in the sample accommodating chamber, it further include being detachably connected between the top cover and sample receiving member for covering top cover open on the sample receiving member；The sample receiving member further includes air guide channel, intake tunnel and drainage channel.Subgrade soils Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity measuring system provided by the present invention and its corresponding measurement method have the characteristics that function integrate, operate it is convenient, control it is accurate, dynamic data can be acquired in real time in test overall process, and measurement accuracy is greatly improved by internal check, realize the automatic measurement for changing lower Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity to Water Content Tests in Soil Samples.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of road, more particularly to a kind of subgrade soils Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity measuring system and its
Relevant measurement method.
Background technique
In road engineering, underground water is permeated by the capillarity of native intergranular pore into upper layer soil matrix, and underground water rises
In addition precipitation infiltration and the migration of film water will lead to moisture content fluctuation in soil matrix, the decline of soil body dry density, often bring subgrade strength
The problems such as decaying, deformation instability, freeze thawing frost boiling, endanger the safety and stability of traffic infrastructure with it is long-acting durable.Infiltration coefficient is
Characterization subgrade soils resist the important indicator that moisture transition act on and maintain strength and stability, and " highway earthwork test rule " is to full
Have proposed corresponding test method with the gas permeability measurement of soil sample, but in practical projects, subgrade soils be often in it is dry or
Middle wet condition, Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity are the emphasis that should be paid close attention to.Currently, in relation to scholar and scientific research institution to the non-of subgrade soils
Saturation permeability coefficient had had developed corresponding measuring device already, but existing test method and device have following pass urgently to be resolved
Key problem: (1) original state of soil sample, such as moisture content, compactness, void ratio in sample preparation are difficult to control accurately；
(2) soil sample size is smaller, is affected by soil variability and Length contraction；(3) structure is complicated, cumbersome, passes through meat
Eye observational record test data, the accuracy of test result more rely on the qualification of operator；(4) it can only obtain specific
The Water Content Tests in Soil Samples and infiltration coefficient at moment are unable to get infiltration coefficient in test whole process and advise with the variation of moisture content or saturation degree
Rule.
Summary of the invention
In view of the foregoing deficiencies of prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of subgrade soils unsaturation infiltrations is
Number measuring system and its relevant measurement method, for solving the problems of the prior art.
In order to achieve the above objects and other related objects, one aspect of the present invention provides a kind of subgrade soils Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity
Measuring system, including sample storing apparatus and water supply device, the sample storing apparatus include sample receiving member, and the sample holds
Part of receiving includes the sample accommodating chamber of upper opening, and the bottom of the sample accommodating chamber is equipped with multi-hole buffer layer, the sample accommodating chamber
In be additionally provided with temperature measuring device and matric suction measuring device, further include for covering top open on the sample receiving member
Lid, is detachably connected between the top cover and sample receiving member；
The sample receiving member further includes air guide channel, intake tunnel and drainage channel, and the water supply device passes through water inlet
Channel is connected to multi-hole buffer layer, and the multi-hole buffer layer also passes through drainage channel and is connected to outside, the sample accommodating chamber
Top is connected to by air guide channel with outside.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the multi-hole buffer layer includes permeable rock layer and filter paper layer, the filter paper layer
It is covered in permeable rock layer surface.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the side wall of the sample receiving member is equipped with detection device accommodating chamber, described
Temperature measuring device and matric suction measuring device are located in detection device accommodating chamber.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the detection device accommodating chamber runs through the side wall of the sample receiving member, institute
Temperature measuring device and matric suction measuring device is stated to fit closely with detection device accommodating chamber.
In some embodiments of the present invention, including three or more matric suction measuring devices, the matric suction measurement
Device is staggeredly uniformly distributed on the extending direction of sample accommodating chamber, it is preferred that on the extending direction of sample accommodating chamber, matrix
5~10cm is divided between suction measurement device.
In some embodiments of the present invention, it is detachably connected between the top cover and sample receiving member by fixing piece,
The fixing piece is preferably extending direction and the consistent fixed link of sample receiving member extending direction, one end of the fixed link and examination
Sample receiving member is fixedly connected, and the other end is detachably connected with top cover, is more preferably threadedly coupled.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the intake tunnel and/or drainage channel are equipped with volume control device.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the height of the sample accommodating chamber is 20~40cm, volume 1570cm3~
12560cm3, infiltration coefficient >=10 of permeable rock layer-3Cm/s, infiltration coefficient >=10 of filter paper layer-3Cm/s, the sample accommodating chamber
Preferably cylindrical, the diameter of cylindrical cross-section is 10~20cm.
It further include data acquisition device in some embodiments of the present invention, the data acquisition device and temperature measure
Device is connected with matric suction measuring device signal.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a kind of method of subgrade soils Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity measurement, uses the subgrade soils
Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity measuring system, comprising:
A) sample is filled in sample accommodating chamber；
B) water body is introduced into sample accommodating chamber by intake tunnel；
C temperature parameter, the matric suction parameter of sample) are obtained；
D) the matric suction parameter according to provided by step C) obtains the volumetric water content of sample, according to volumetric water content
Variable quantity obtain sample amount of seepage；
E) the amount of seepage of the sample according to provided by step D) obtains the seepage velocity of sample；
F) the matric suction parameter according to provided by step C) obtains the pressure head of sample；
G) the pressure head according to provided by step F) obtains the hydraulic slope of sample；
H) the seepage velocity and step G of the sample according to provided by step E)) provided by sample hydraulic slope, obtain
The subgrade soils Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the step A) in, in sample accommodating chamber, the height of sample is 20~
40cm, diameter are 10~20cm, and size and the sample accommodating chamber of the sample match；
In some embodiments of the present invention, the step C) in, monitoring to the matric suction measuring device in top layer
Stable reading.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is shown as overall structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is shown as sample storing apparatus structural schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is shown as 1 sample of embodiment of the present invention filling schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is shown as 1 experimental result schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.
Component label instructions
1 sample storing apparatus
11 sample receiving members
111 sample accommodating chambers
112 multi-hole buffer layers
1121 permeable rock layers
1122 filter paper layers
113 detection device accommodating chambers
114 air guide channels
115 intake tunnels
116 drainage channels
117 volume control devices
12 temperature measuring devices
13 matric suction measuring devices
14 top covers
15 fixing pieces
2 water supply devices
21 liquid level height measuring devices
22 water body conveying devices
3 data acquisition devices
4 compression bars
Specific embodiment
In order to be more clear goal of the invention of the invention, technical solution and advantageous effects, with reference to embodiments
The present invention will be described in further detail.It should be understood that embodiment described in this specification is just for the sake of explanation
The present invention is not intended to limit the present invention.
It please refers to Fig.1 to Fig.4.It should be clear that this specification structure depicted in this specification institute accompanying drawings, ratio, size etc., only to
Cooperate the revealed content of specification, so that those skilled in the art understands and reads, being not intended to limit the invention can be real
The qualifications applied, therefore do not have technical essential meaning, the tune of the modification of any structure, the change of proportionate relationship or size
It is whole, in the case where not influencing the effect of present invention can be generated and the purpose that can reach, it should all still fall in disclosed skill
Art content obtains in the range of capable of covering.Meanwhile in this specification it is cited as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", " centre " and
The term of " one " etc. is merely convenient to being illustrated for narration, rather than to limit the scope of the invention, relativeness
It is altered or modified, under the content of no substantial changes in technology, when being also considered as the enforceable scope of the present invention.
First aspect present invention provides a kind of subgrade soils Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity measuring system, as shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 2, institute
Stating subgrade soils Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity measuring system may include sample storing apparatus 1 and water supply device 2, and the sample accommodates dress
Setting 1 includes sample receiving member 11, and the sample receiving member 11 includes the sample accommodating chamber 111 of upper opening, the sample accommodating chamber
111 bottom is equipped with multi-hole buffer layer 112, is additionally provided with temperature measuring device 12 and matric suction in the sample accommodating chamber 111
Measuring device 13 further includes for covering top cover 14 open on the sample receiving member 11, and the top cover 14 is accommodated with sample
It is detachably connected between part 11；The sample receiving member 11 further includes air guide channel 114, intake tunnel 115 and drainage channel
116, the water supply device is connected to by intake tunnel 115 with multi-hole buffer layer 112, and the multi-hole buffer layer 112 also passes through row
Aquaporin 116 is connected to outside, and the top of the sample accommodating chamber 111 is connected to by air guide channel 114 with outside.The road
Base soil Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity measuring system can be used for carrying out the measurement of subgrade soils Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity, in use, can be with
Sample is filled in sample accommodating chamber, is then introduced into the water body in water supply device 2 in sample accommodating chamber by intake tunnel, and
The temperature parameter of sample, matric suction parameter can be obtained by temperature measuring device 12 and matric suction measuring device 13, and
Variation of the monitoring parameter relative to the time can be respectively into one according to provided matric suction parameter and matric suction parameter
Step obtains the hydraulic slope of the volumetric water content of sample, the seepage velocity of sample, the pressure head of sample, sample, and can be into
One step obtains the subgrade soils Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity according to the seepage velocity of sample and the hydraulic slope of sample.
In subgrade soils Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity measuring system provided by the present invention, the multi-hole buffer layer 112 is usually used
In equably conveying water body to sample bottom, multi-hole buffer layer 112 usually has certain infiltration coefficient, can be with sample bottom
Portion comes into full contact with, and the usual relative smooth of contact surface, to guarantee that excessive deformation will not occur on the whole for sample bottom.In the present invention
In one specific embodiment, the multi-hole buffer layer 112 may include permeable rock layer 1121 and filter paper layer 1122, the filter paper layer
1122 can be covered in 1121 surface of permeable rock layer, and the bottom of sample is contacted with filter paper layer 1122, and the thickness of permeable rock layer can be with
For 1~1.5cm, infiltration coefficient >=10 of permeable rock layer-3Cm/s, infiltration coefficient >=10 of filter paper layer-3cm/s。
It usually may include multiple matric suctions in subgrade soils Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity measuring system provided by the present invention
Measuring device 13 preferably may include three or more, four or more, five or more or more matric suction measuring devices 13,
The matric suction measuring device 13 is staggeredly uniformly distributed on the extending direction of sample accommodating chamber 111, so as to fully
Monitor the Parameters variation of sample each section.In a specific embodiment of the invention, the temperature measuring device 12 and matric suction
Measuring device 13 is respectively positioned on the side wall of sample accommodating chamber 111, and the quantity of matric suction measuring device 13 is five or more, is being tried
On the extending direction of sample accommodating chamber 111 (that is, short transverse of sample storing apparatus 1), between matric suction measuring device 13
Between be divided into 5~10cm.
In subgrade soils Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity measuring system provided by the present invention, it can be set in the sample receiving member 11
There is detection device accommodating chamber 113, the temperature measuring device 12 and matric suction measuring device 13 can be located at detection device and hold
It receives in chamber 113.The position of the detection device accommodating chamber 113 and quantity are usually measured with temperature measuring device 12 and matric suction
The position that device 13 needs to be arranged is corresponding.In same detection device accommodating chamber 113, it can be equipped with a measuring device, it can also
To be equipped with multiple measuring devices simultaneously.In a specific embodiment of the invention, the detection device accommodating chamber 113 runs through the examination
The side wall of sample receiving member 11, the temperature measuring device 12 and matric suction measuring device 13 and detection device accommodating chamber 113 are tight
Closely connected conjunction, so as to be convenient for the installation and use of measuring device.In another specific embodiment of the present invention, the detection device
Accommodating chamber 113 includes first device accommodating chamber for accommodating temperature measuring device 12 and for accommodating matric suction measurement dress
Set 13 second device accommodating chamber.
In subgrade soils Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity measuring system provided by the present invention, the top cover 14 and sample receiving member 11
Between be detachably connected by fixing piece 15, the fixing piece may be typically located at outside sample accommodating chamber 111.Have in the present invention one
In body embodiment, the fixing piece 15 is extending direction and the consistent fixed link of 11 extending direction of sample receiving member, one end with
(the sample receiving member 11 preferably may include pedestal to sample receiving member 11, and one end of fixing piece 15 can be with the fixed company of pedestal
Connect), the other end is detachably connected with top cover 14, is more preferably threadedly coupled, for example, can be equipped with spiral shell on the side wall of fixed link
Line, the outer diameter of top cover 14 are typically larger than the outer diameter of the lateral wall of sample receiving member 11, so as in pair at the edge of top cover 14
Answer the screw hole that setting is matched with screw thread on position.It may include multiple fixing pieces 15 in another specific embodiment of the present invention,
The multiple fixing piece 15 is uniformly circumferentially distributed around sample receiving member 11.
In subgrade soils Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity measuring system provided by the present invention, the sample receiving member 11 may include
Pedestal, can be equipped with the test specimen tube holding tank of upper opening on the pedestal, the diameter of the cross section of test specimen tube holding tank usually with
The outer diameter of sample receiving member 11 matches, so as to which the bottom of sample receiving member 11 is protruded into test specimen tube holding tank, and it is real
Show the outer wall of sample receiving member 11 and the close suit of test specimen tube holding tank inner wall, is also further provided in test specimen tube holding tank more
Hole buffer layer holding tank, the diameter of the cross section of multi-hole buffer layer holding tank are usually matched with the internal diameter of sample receiving member 11,
So as to match with the inner space of sample receiving member 11, cylindrical sample accommodating chamber is collectively formed in the two.In this hair
In a bright specific embodiment, the height of the sample accommodating chamber 111 can be 20~40cm, and volume can be 1570cm3~
12560cm3, the sample accommodating chamber 111 is preferably cylindrical, and the diameter of cylindrical cross-section can be 10~20cm.
In subgrade soils Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity measuring system provided by the present invention, the intake tunnel 115 and/or draining
Channel 116 is equipped with volume control device 117, described so as to be opened and closed or adjust the flow of water body in channel when needed
Flow regulator usually can be valve etc..In a specific embodiment of the invention, the intake tunnel and drainage channel can
To be located in pedestal.
In subgrade soils Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity measuring system provided by the present invention, in the water supply device 2, the water of water body
Flat height is higher than sample receiving member on the whole, so as to which water body is introduced into sample accommodating chamber by gravity.The water supply dress
Liquid level height measuring device 21 can be usually equipped with by setting on 2, described so as to acquire the variable quantity of water body in water supply device 2
Liquid level height measuring device 21 can be liquidometer etc..The water supply device 2 can also be in fluid communication with water body conveying device 22,
So as to supplement the water in water supply device 2 by water body conveying device 22, the water body conveying device 22 can be water pump
Deng.
It can also include data acquisition device 3 in subgrade soils Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity measuring system provided by the present invention,
The data acquisition device 3 can be connect with temperature measuring device 12 and 13 signal of matric suction measuring device, for connecing
The temperature data and matric suction data for the sample that shrinkage temperature measuring device 12 and the acquisition of matric suction measuring device 13 obtain.Institute
Stating data acquisition device 3 can also connect with 21 signal of liquid level height measuring device, for receiving liquid level elevation carrection dress
Set the water body variable quantity in the water supply device 2 of 21 acquisitions acquisition.The data that the data acquisition device 3 can also obtain acquisition
(for example, temperature data and matric suction data etc.) converts, to calculate the subgrade soils Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity for obtaining sample,
The data acquisition device 3 specifically can be the devices such as computer, single-chip microcontroller.
It can also include display device in subgrade soils Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity measuring system provided by the present invention, it is described
Display device is usually connect with 3 signal of data acquisition device, so as to the data for exporting needed for showing.The display dress
It sets and specifically can be the devices such as display.
Second aspect of the present invention provides a kind of measurement method of subgrade soils Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity, and described through the invention
Subgrade soils Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity measuring system provided by one side measures, comprising:
A) sample is filled in sample accommodating chamber；
B) water body is introduced into sample accommodating chamber by intake tunnel；
C temperature parameter, the matric suction parameter of sample) are obtained；
D) the matric suction parameter according to provided by step C) obtains the volumetric water content of sample, according to volumetric water content
Variable quantity obtain sample amount of seepage；
E) the amount of seepage of the sample according to provided by step D) obtains the seepage velocity of sample；
F) the matric suction parameter according to provided by step C) obtains the pressure head of sample；
G) the pressure head according to provided by step F) obtains hydraulic slope；
H) the seepage velocity and step G of the sample according to provided by step E)) provided by hydraulic slope, obtain the road
Base soil Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity.
The measurement method of subgrade soils Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity provided by the present invention may include: in sample accommodating chamber
Sample is filled, the sample usually can be various types of soil samples etc., and the height of gained sample can be 20~40cm, diameter
It can be 10~20cm, size and the sample accommodating chamber of the sample match, and usually have certain compactness.This field
Technical staff may be selected suitable method and fill sample in sample accommodating chamber, and it is, for example, possible to use the devices such as compression bar.
The measurement method of subgrade soils Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity provided by the present invention may include: that water body is passed through water inlet
Channel is introduced into sample accommodating chamber.In water supply device, the level height of water body is higher than sample receiving member on the whole, so as to logical
It crosses gravity water body is introduced into sample accommodating chamber.
The measurement method of subgrade soils Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity provided by the present invention may include: the temperature for obtaining sample
Parameter, matric suction parameter.The temperature parameter of sample, matric suction parameter can pass through temperature measuring device 12 and matric suction
Measuring device 13 is monitored.Usually, during the whole test process, it needs at least to monitor to the matric suction in top layer
Measuring device stable reading.
The measurement method of subgrade soils Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity provided by the present invention, may include: to be mentioned according to step C)
The matric suction parameter of confession, obtains the volumetric water content of sample, and the infiltration water of sample is obtained according to the variable quantity of volumetric water content
Amount.For specific sample, the volumetric water content of matric suction parameter and sample is normally present fixed relationship, is surveying
Before amount, standard specimen experiment can be first passed through and obtain matric suction-volumetric water content corresponding relationship on native water characteristic curve.At this
It invents in a specific embodiment, specifically can wrap by matric suction parameter in the method for calculating the volumetric water content for obtaining sample
It includes: calculating the amount of seepage Q/A for obtaining sample according to formula 3:
In formula, △ w is the variable quantity of volumetric water content, and L is specimen height (cm), and h is the perpendicular of this layer of position to sample bottom
Straight distance (cm)；
The measurement method of subgrade soils Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity provided by the present invention, may include: to be mentioned according to step D)
The amount of seepage of the sample of confession obtains the seepage velocity of sample.In a specific embodiment of the invention, pass through volumetric water content meter
The method for calculating the seepage velocity for obtaining sample can specifically include: the seepage velocity v for obtaining sample is calculated according to formula 2:
In formula, Q is amount of seepage (L) of certain layer of position soil sample in time t, and A is the cross-sectional area (cm of sample2), v is to seep
Saturating speed (cm/s), t are the time (s)；
The measurement method of subgrade soils Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity provided by the present invention, may include: to be mentioned according to step C)
The matric suction parameter of confession, obtains the pressure head of sample.In a specific embodiment of the invention, pass through matric suction parameter meter
Calculating the method for obtaining the pressure head of sample can specifically include: the pressure head for obtaining sample is calculated according to formula 4:
hp=-uw/γw=S/ γw(formula 4)
In formula, hpFor pressure head (cm)；S is matric suction (kPa)；uwFor pore water pressure (kPa)；γwFor the weight of water
Spend (N/cm3), the severe of water is the density * acceleration of gravity of water.
The measurement method of subgrade soils Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity provided by the present invention, may include: to be mentioned according to step F)
The pressure head of confession obtains hydraulic slope.In a specific embodiment of the invention, the water for obtaining sample is calculated by pressure head
The method of power gradient can specifically include: the hydraulic slope for obtaining sample is calculated according to formula 6:
J=dH/dh=dhp/ dh+1 (formula 6)
In formula, J is hydraulic slope, and H is gross head (cm), hpFor pressure head (cm).
The measurement method of subgrade soils Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity provided by the present invention, may include: to be mentioned according to step E)
The seepage velocity and step G of the sample of confession) provided by hydraulic slope, obtain the subgrade soils Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity.At this
It invents in a specific embodiment, is calculated according to formula 1 and obtain subgrade soils Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity
V=kJ (formula 1)
In formula, k is infiltration coefficient (cm/s), and v is seepage velocity (cm/s), and J is hydraulic slope.
The measurement method of subgrade soils Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity provided by the present invention can also include: the temperature according to sample
Spend parameter and step H) provided by Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity, obtain the Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity under normal temperature.In the present invention
In one specific embodiment, the Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity obtained under normal temperature is calculated according to formula 7
In formula: k20For the Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity (cm/s) under normal temperature (20 DEG C)；η is the power that test temperature is lauched
Coefficient of viscosity (kPas)；η20The power coefficient of viscosity (kPas) being lauched for normal temperature (20 DEG C).η/η20It can consult " public
Road earthwork test rule ".
As described above, subgrade soils Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity measuring system provided by the present invention and its corresponding measurement method
Have the characteristics that function integrates, operates that convenient, control is accurate, dynamic data can be acquired in real time in test overall process, and passed through
Inside, which is checked, greatly improves measurement accuracy, realizes the automatic measurement for changing lower Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity to Water Content Tests in Soil Samples.This
Invention sufficiently agrees with Practical Project background, can be Risk assessment on engineering, the moisture seepage flow of roadbed filling in the case of humidity transition
The development law prediction etc. for acting on lower road disease provides necessary technical support.
Illustrate embodiments of the present invention below by way of specific specific example, those skilled in the art can be by this specification
Other advantages and efficacy of the present invention can be easily understood for disclosed content.The present invention can also pass through in addition different specific realities
The mode of applying is embodied or practiced, the various details in this specification can also based on different viewpoints and application, without departing from
Various modifications or alterations are carried out under spirit of the invention.
Embodiment 1
Using subgrade soils Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity measuring device provided by the present invention and test method, south jiangxi flower hilllock is measured
The Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity of rock residual soil, and compared with the test result of matric suction triaxial apparatus, the base in the present embodiment
The 28-WF4005 type that matter suction triaxial apparatus is produced using Controls company, Italy, and in accordance with its operating instruction.
(1) the test specimen tube height used in the present embodiment is 30cm, internal diameter 10cm, and pedestal, sleeve, compression bar etc. are therewith
Mating, base thickness is 2~3cm, and the test specimen tube holding tank of upper opening and tight with the outer wall of test specimen tube bottom is equipped among pedestal
Close suit, be also further provided in test specimen tube holding tank multi-hole buffer layer holding tank (be highly 1.5cm, internal diameter 10cm),
Shape is consistent with test specimen tube inner wall shape, and cylindrical sample accommodating chamber is collectively formed in the two, is additionally provided with intake tunnel in pedestal
And drainage channel, it is communicated respectively with multi-hole buffer layer holding tank.The material of the components such as test specimen tube, pedestal, sleeve, compression bar, top cover
It is stainless steel.(i.e. the bottom of sample accommodating chamber) places permeable stone in multi-hole buffer layer holding tank, covers equidimension on permeable stone
Filter paper, filter paper come into full contact with sample, and the infiltration coefficient of permeable stone and filter paper is 2.5 × 10-3cm/s.The test specimen tube shares 5
A matric suction sensor access port and 1 temperature sensor access port, the matric suction sensor are the production of Han Qin company
HQTS type, distance of the access port away from test specimen tube bottom is respectively 5/10/15/20/25cm, and the temperature sensor is that wonderful sunrise is public
The T10S-B type of production is taken charge of, distance of the access port away from test specimen tube bottom is 15cm.
(2) 4314.36g soil sample is weighed, divides 12 layers to be uniformly packed into the test specimen tube and be successively compacted by push rod, on push rod
Portion's disk is smooth, and lower part round bar size is matched with the test specimen tube and the sleeve diameter, round bar and both inner wall fit closely,
Smooth contact smooth unimpededly compacted samples and does not have soil particle and oozes out from gap under press machine effect；Have on round bar
Scale, convenient for the real thickness of the every lamination of control soil sample.After sample fills up in test specimen tube, the sample of upper opening is accommodated by top cover
Chamber lid is closed, and has the gas-guide tube of connection sample and atmosphere at top cap central, has screw insertion and nut at the outer ring of top cover, with pedestal
On screw rod cooperation, be fastened on top cover on test specimen tube.
(3) the subgrade soils Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity measuring device is assembled, water body is introduced into multi-hole buffer layer to drain
Signal sampler and operating system are opened and debugged to air in conduit and permeable stone, and temperature sensor, matric suction are sensed
Device accesses the sensor access port of the test specimen tube, carries out sealing antiseepage, and the sealing antiseepage of test specimen tube each section can pass through company
Connect the antiseepage work that screw rod, water proof rubber ring, lubricating oil, vaseline, silicone grease of top cover and pedestal etc. carries out mechanism.
(4) water supply device is connect with intake tunnel, opens the valve of the valve of intake tunnel and tube wall drainage channel, opens
Beginning permeability test, water body its level height in water supply device are higher than sample receiving member on the whole, will so as to pass through gravity
Water body is introduced into sample accommodating chamber, recorded in real time by signal sampler and operating system temperature during test, matric suction,
The variation of water level.
(5) after the matric suction sensor reading of top layer is stablized, off-test.
It is as follows that calculation method handles Data Processing Method:
(6) infiltration coefficient of the sample under different saturation is calculated according to Darcy's law (formula 1):
V=kJ (formula 1)
In formula: k is infiltration coefficient (cm/s)；V is seepage velocity (cm/s), is calculated by formula 2~3；J is hydraulic slope, is pressed
Formula 4~6 calculates.
In formula: Q is amount of seepage (L) of certain layer of position soil sample in time t；A is the cross-sectional area (cm of sample2)；V is to seep
Saturating speed (cm/s)；T is the time (s).
By matric suction sensor, matric suction variation of each layer position soil sample in time t is obtained, according to native water characteristic
Volumetric water content variation of matric suction-volumetric water content corresponding relationship to get each layer position soil sample in time t on curve,
Thus fitting obtains the volumetric water content change curve at sample bottom to top in time t.
Experimental rig and penetration theory according to the present invention are apparent from, and in time t, pass through certain layer of position soil sample on unit area
Amount of seepage Q/A be are as follows: the volumetric water content change curve is from the envelope size at the top of this layer of position to sample, that is, from the layer
Position to the volumetric water content variable quantity at the top of sample integral (formula 3).It, can be by sample bottom in time t during test
Change of moisture content to top integrates and (does so the distribution situation that can know moisture in device), and according to water in the identical period
The water volume in water tank variation that position measures, check test result.
In formula: △ w is the variable quantity of volumetric water content；L is specimen height (cm)；H is the perpendicular of this layer of position to sample bottom
Straight distance (cm), not marking unit is dimensionless.
In view of infiltration experiment device of the invention is communicated with the atmosphere, device air pressure inside is equal to atmospheric pressure, therefore matrix
Suction is negative pore water pressure, and the ratio between pore water pressure and the severe of water are pressure head (formula 4).Therefore it is passed by matric suction
Under sensor available different moments, the pressure head of different layers position soil sample.
hp=-uw/γw=S/ γw(formula 4)
In formula: hpFor pressure head (cm)；S is matric suction (kPa)；uwFor pore water pressure (kPa)；γwFor the weight of water
Spend (N/cm3), the severe of water is the density * acceleration of gravity of water.
Any time layer gross head of position soil sample is calculated by formula 5.
H=hv+hp+ h (formula 5)
In formula: H is gross head (cm)；hvFor velocity head (cm).
In view of the flow velocity of water in unsaturated soil permeability test is minimum, velocity head can be ignored.Any time layer position soil
The hydraulic slope J of sample is calculated by formula 6.
J=dH/dh=dhp/ dh+1 (formula 6)
(7) test temperature is obtained by temperature sensor, is calculated by formula 7 to obtain the unsaturation infiltration system under normal temperature
Number.
In formula: k20For the Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity (cm/s) under normal temperature (20 DEG C)；η is the power that test temperature is lauched
Coefficient of viscosity (kPas)；η20The power coefficient of viscosity (kPas) being lauched for normal temperature (20 DEG C).η/η20It can consult " public
Road earthwork test rule ".
(8) it sets up under synchronization, infiltration coefficient-matric suction corresponding relationship that matric suction sensor measures,
That is, the relationship of infiltration coefficient-volumetric water content (saturation degree), it thus obtains Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity and is advised with the variation of saturation degree
Rule.It is apparent from by permeability test process, sample is gradually saturated from bottom to top, therefore different layers position matric suction sensor measures
Test data and changing trend show as temporal hysteresis quality and rule on consistency, accordingly mutually examine can substantially mention
The measurement accuracy of elevated formation level soil Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity.
It is compared with the result of matric suction triaxial apparatus, test result is as shown in Figure 4.5 matric suction sensors are surveyed
Infiltration coefficient-matric suction the curve obtained is very identical, relative error < 1.9%, and is consistent with triaxial apparatus result, the goodness of fit
Coefficient of determination is up to 94.7%.
In addition, being based on subgrade soils Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity measuring device provided by the present invention and test method in embodiment
Used time 22.75h, conventional substrate suction triaxial apparatus permeability test used time 36.5h are tested, shortens test period 37.7%, and obtain 5
Group test data, can further improve the accuracy of data by mutually verifying offer test accuracy.
In conclusion the present invention effectively overcomes various shortcoming in the prior art and has high industrial utilization value.
The above-described embodiments merely illustrate the principles and effects of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention.It is any ripe
The personage for knowing this technology all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, carries out modifications and changes to above-described embodiment.Cause
This, institute is complete without departing from the spirit and technical ideas disclosed in the present invention by those of ordinary skill in the art such as
At all equivalent modifications or change, should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of subgrade soils Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity measuring system, which is characterized in that including sample storing apparatus (1) and the dress that supplies water
It sets (2), the sample storing apparatus (1) includes sample receiving member (11), and the sample receiving member (11) includes the examination of upper opening
The bottom of sample accommodating chamber (111), the sample accommodating chamber (111) is equipped with multi-hole buffer layer (112), the sample accommodating chamber
(111) it is additionally provided with temperature measuring device (12) and matric suction measuring device (13) in, further includes holding for covering the sample
It receives open top cover (14) on part (11), is detachably connected between the top cover (14) and sample receiving member (11)；
The sample receiving member (11) further includes air guide channel (114), intake tunnel (115) and drainage channel (116), the confession
Water installations are connected to by intake tunnel (115) with multi-hole buffer layer (112), and the multi-hole buffer layer (112) is also logical by draining
Road (116) is connected to outside, and the top of the sample accommodating chamber (111) is connected to by air guide channel (114) with outside.
2. subgrade soils Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity measuring system as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the multi-hole buffer layer
It (112) include permeable rock layer (1121) and filter paper layer (1122), the filter paper layer (1122) is covered in permeable rock layer (1121) table
Face；
And/or the side wall of the sample receiving member (11) is equipped with detection device accommodating chamber (113), the temperature measuring device
(12) it is located in detection device accommodating chamber (113) with matric suction measuring device (13).
3. subgrade soils Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity measuring system as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the detection device is held
Receive chamber (113) run through the side wall of the sample receiving member (11), the temperature measuring device (12) and matric suction measuring device
(13) it is fitted closely with detection device accommodating chamber (113).
4. subgrade soils Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity measuring system as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that including three or more bases
Matter suction measurement device (13), the matric suction measuring device (13) are interlocked on the extending direction of sample accommodating chamber (111)
It is uniformly distributed, it is preferred that the interval on the extending direction of sample accommodating chamber (111), between matric suction measuring device (13)
For 5~10cm.
5. subgrade soils Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity measuring system as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the top cover (14) with
It is detachably connected between sample receiving member (11) by fixing piece (15), the fixing piece (15) is preferably extending direction and sample
One end of the consistent fixed link of receiving member (11) extending direction, the fixed link is fixedly connected with sample receiving member (11), another
End is detachably connected with top cover (14), is more preferably threadedly coupled.
6. subgrade soils Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity measuring system as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the intake tunnel
(115) and/or drainage channel (116) is equipped with volume control device (117).
7. subgrade soils Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity measuring system as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the sample accommodating chamber
(111) height is 20~40cm, volume 1570cm3~12560cm3, infiltration coefficient >=10 of permeable rock layer-3Cm/s, filter
Infiltration coefficient >=10 of paper layer-3Cm/s, the sample accommodating chamber (111) is preferably cylindrical, and the diameter of cylindrical cross-section is 10
~20cm.
8. subgrade soils Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity measuring system as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that further include data acquisition
Device (3), the data acquisition device (3) connect with temperature measuring device (12) and matric suction measuring device (13) signal.
9. a kind of subgrade soils Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity measuring system by as described in claim 1~8 any claim into
The method of row subgrade soils Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity measurement, comprising:
A) sample is filled in sample accommodating chamber；
B) water body is introduced into sample accommodating chamber by intake tunnel；
C temperature parameter, the matric suction parameter of sample) are obtained；
D) the matric suction parameter according to provided by step C) obtains the volumetric water content of sample, according to the change of volumetric water content
The amount of seepage of change amount acquisition sample；
E) the amount of seepage of the sample according to provided by step D) obtains the seepage velocity of sample；
F) the matric suction parameter according to provided by step C) obtains the pressure head of sample；
G) the pressure head according to provided by step F) obtains the hydraulic slope of sample；
H) the seepage velocity and step G of the sample according to provided by step E)) provided by sample hydraulic slope, described in acquisition
Subgrade soils Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity.
10. method as claimed in claim 9, which is characterized in that the step A) in, in sample accommodating chamber, the height of sample
For 20~40cm, diameter is 10~20cm, and size and the sample accommodating chamber of the sample match；
And/or the step C) in, monitoring to the matric suction measuring device stable reading in top layer.
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