CN111272604A - Device and method for monitoring freezing and thawing process of seasonal frozen soil - Google Patents
Device and method for monitoring freezing and thawing process of seasonal frozen soil Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 115
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 230000001932 seasonal effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000012424 Freeze-thaw process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004836 empirical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N5/00—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid
- G01N5/04—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid by removing a component, e.g. by evaporation, and weighing the remainder
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a device for monitoring a freezing and thawing process of seasonal frozen soil and a method for monitoring the freezing and thawing process of seasonal frozen soil by using the device, wherein the device for monitoring the freezing and thawing process of seasonal frozen soil comprises: the device comprises a freezing and thawing pipe, a temperature measuring probe and a temperature signal receiving device; a plurality of temperature probes are arranged on the temperature measuring probe at equal intervals, are independently wired, and send the measured temperature value to the temperature signal receiving device for display; the length of the temperature measuring probe is greater than the length of the freeze-thaw tube. The device can measure the soil temperature of co-altitude not, and then monitors frozen soil freeze thawing process, realizes sampling in different stages, facilitates for the accurate calculation different stages frozen soil evaporation water yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to frozen soil freezing and thawing monitoring and evaporation capacity calculation, in particular to a device capable of monitoring a freezing and thawing process and a method for calculating the evaporation capacity of frozen soil at each stage of the freezing and thawing process.
Background
The soil evaporation data is an important influence factor in hydrologic cycle, plays an important role in aspects such as agricultural water efficiency, ecological energy balance and soil salinization research in arid and semi-arid regions, and is the most basic observation element in hydrologic and soil monitoring.
At present, the measuring devices for the evaporation of frozen soil in cold regions are few, and the soil moisture, heat and solute transferring process is very complicated in the whole freezing and thawing process of seasonal frozen soil. Investigations have shown that there are more detailed studies on the amount of soil evaporation in non-frozen soil areas, and some studies also use similar numerical model methods for soil evaporation assessment in frozen soil areas, such as SHAW, CoupModel, and hydrogen models. The evaporation process of the frozen soil area is set to be similar to that of the non-frozen soil area by the models, so that the water, heat and solute transport process of the frozen soil area is simulated, and the evaporation capacity is calculated based on an empirical method such as an energy balance equation and a Penman equation. However, since there is little liquid water on the frozen soil surface in winter, runoff and water migration are also nearly stagnant, and these methods do not accurately characterize the amount of soil evaporation at various stages of the frozen soil freeze-thaw process. Therefore, the preparation and measurement of the evaporation amount of the seasonal frozen soil in different stages in the freezing and thawing process not only can reveal the problems, but also can provide test and verification data for more accurate simulation of a numerical model in the seasonal frozen soil area.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide a device capable of monitoring a freeze-thaw process of frozen soil and a method for calculating the evaporation capacity of the frozen soil at each stage of the freeze-thaw process by using the device.
The technical scheme is as follows: the invention discloses a device for monitoring the freezing and thawing process of seasonal frozen soil, which comprises the following components: the device comprises a freezing and thawing pipe, a temperature measuring probe and a temperature signal receiving device; a plurality of temperature probes are arranged on the temperature measuring probe at equal intervals, are independently wired, and send the measured temperature value to the temperature signal receiving device for display; the length of the temperature measuring probe is greater than the length of the freeze-thaw tube.
On the other hand, the invention discloses a method for monitoring the freezing and thawing process of seasonal frozen soil by using the device, which comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting soil in a seasonal frozen soil area, air-drying and sieving, taking a part of soil sample, mixing salt-free clear water to a saturated state, and taking the mixture as soil slurry below an underground water level; taking part of the soil sample, mixing a saline solution with a preset concentration to a saturated state, and taking the mixture as soil slurry above the ground water level;
(2) placing the freeze-thaw pipe into a pre-drilled drill hole, filling the soil slurry below the underground water level into the freeze-thaw pipe to a set underground water level, and finally filling the soil slurry above the underground water level into the freeze-thaw pipe to the ground surface height; inserting a temperature measuring probe into the freeze-thaw tube, and dividing the soil slurry in the freeze-thaw tube into a plurality of layers according to the distance between the temperature probes; reading readings of temperature probes on different layers to measure temperature values of different layers of soil slurry;
setting a plurality of parallel experiments for collecting at different stages in the freezing and thawing process;
(3) dividing the freezing and thawing process into N stages, sampling in each stage respectively and calculating the total volume of water in the freezing and thawing pipe;
the sampling is destructive sampling: taking out the freeze-thaw tube from the drilled hole, extracting the temperature probe, taking out the soil column in the inner tube, cutting the soil column into a plurality of sections according to the distance between the temperature probes, weighing each section of soil column, setting the temperature of the drying oven to be 105 ℃, drying for 8 hours, and weighing again; the total volume of water in the freeze-thaw tube after each sampling is as follows:
wherein i is the sequence number of the freeze-thaw process stage, i is 1,2, …, N; j is the serial number of the soil layer, and n is the total number of the soil layers; h isjThe thickness of the jth layer of soil is expressed in cm; thetaijThe volume water content of the soil in the jth soil pillar section sampled for the ith time is calculated according to the mass difference before and after the soil is dried and the water density, and the unit cm is3cm-3；AfIs the cross section area of the freeze-thaw tube in cm2；
(4) The amount of water evaporated from stage i to stage i +1 was:
Tifor days from stage i to stage i +1, a factor of 10 is used for unit conversion of cm to mm.
Has the advantages that: the seasonal frozen soil freezing and thawing process monitoring device disclosed by the invention can measure the soil temperatures at different heights, so that the frozen soil freezing and thawing process is monitored, the sampling at different stages is realized, and convenience is provided for accurately calculating the evaporation water amount of frozen soil at different stages.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for monitoring a freezing and thawing process of seasonal frozen soil, which is disclosed by the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further elucidated with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
The first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, the invention discloses a device for monitoring a freezing and thawing process of seasonal frozen soil, which comprises: the device comprises a freezing and thawing pipe 1, a temperature measuring probe 2 and a temperature signal receiving device 3; a plurality of temperature probes 4 are arranged on the temperature measuring probe at equal intervals, are independently wired, and send the measured temperature value to the temperature signal receiving device for display; the length of the temperature measuring probe is greater than the length of the freeze-thaw tube. When in use, the temperature measuring probe is inserted into the freeze-thaw tube, and temperature values of different heights can be measured. The temperature probes are temperature sensors which are produced by North China sensor instrument factories and have the model LM35CZ, the detectable range is-40-110 ℃, the distance between every two probes is 10cm, the probes are numbered, and the numbers are output to a temperature signal receiving device corresponding to the independent interfaces to be displayed. In this embodiment, a multi-port intelligent paperless recorder of model ARD produced by north China sensor instrument works is used to display the temperature value.
In the embodiment, the freeze-thaw pipe consists of an inner pipe 5, an outer pipe 6 and a bottom sealing device, wherein the inner pipe is arranged in the outer pipe, and heat-preservation cotton 7 is filled between the inner pipe and the outer pipe; bottom sealing device is used for sealed inner tube and the outer tube that cup joints, and bottom sealing device is from the inner tube bottom to outer tube bottom and is in proper order: the sealing ring 8, the inner pipe heat-conducting block 9, the outer pipe heat-conducting block 10, the sealing sheet 11 and the bottom plate 12; the inner pipe heat-conducting block and the outer pipe heat-conducting block are connected through threads and sealed by a sealing ring and a sealing sheet, and the bottom plate is welded at the bottom of the outer pipe. This transfers the deep soil temperature outside the floor to the inner pipe. The inner pipe and the outer pipe are both polyethylene pipelines.
In order to expand the application range and enable the freeze-thaw tube to be suitable for the conditions of different underground water level heights, in the embodiment, the inner tube is formed by splicing a plurality of inner tube sections, and the outer tube is also formed by splicing a plurality of outer tube sections. The number of the inner and outer tube sections is determined according to the needs in use, thereby determining the length of the freeze-thaw tube.
The length of each section of the inner pipe is 0.5m, the inner diameter is 50mm, the thickness is 5mm, and the sections of the inner pipe are tightly wrapped by a raw adhesive tape and are connected and sealed by threads. The outer pipe small section is also a polyethylene pipeline, each section is 1.5m in length, 75mm in inner diameter and 5mm in thickness, and the welding mode is adopted and the sealing is carried out.
In order to facilitate the operation of the freezing and thawing pipe, the upper part of the freezing and thawing pipe is provided with a handle.
When the device is used, the inner pipe and the outer pipe are spliced as required, the inner pipe is wrapped with heat insulation cotton and then sleeved in the outer pipe, the bottom sealing device is installed, frozen soil to be monitored is filled in the inner pipe, the temperature measuring probe is inserted, the temperatures at different heights can be measured, and the change process of the temperature of the frozen soil is monitored.
Example two:
the embodiment discloses a method for monitoring a freezing and thawing process of seasonal frozen soil by using a device for monitoring a freezing and thawing process of seasonal frozen soil, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, collecting soil in a seasonal frozen soil area, screening the soil by a 0.2mm sieve after air drying, and storing the soil in a constant temperature box for later use; taking part of the soil sample, mixing the salt-free clear water to a saturated state, and taking the mixture as soil slurry below the underground water level; taking part of the soil sample, mixing a saline solution with a preset concentration to a saturated state, and taking the mixture as soil slurry above the ground water level;
step 2, assembling the freeze-thaw pipe, placing the freeze-thaw pipe into a pre-drilled drill hole in a test field, filling the soil slurry below the underground water level into the freeze-thaw pipe to a set underground water level, and finally filling the soil slurry above the underground water level into the freeze-thaw pipe to the ground surface height; inserting a temperature measuring probe into the freeze-thaw tube, and dividing the soil slurry in the freeze-thaw tube into a plurality of layers according to the distance between the temperature probes; reading readings of temperature probes on different layers to measure temperature values of different layers of soil slurry;
setting a plurality of parallel experiments for collecting at different stages in the freezing and thawing process;
soil conditions of different initial solute contents were monitored by adjusting the salt solution concentration, in this example, sodium or potassium salt solutions may be used.
the sampling is destructive sampling: taking out the freeze-thaw tube from the drilled hole by using a handle, extracting a temperature probe, taking out the soil column in the inner tube, cutting the soil column into a plurality of sections according to the distance between the temperature probes, weighing each section of soil column, setting the temperature of an oven to be 105 ℃, drying for 8 hours, and weighing again;
based on mass conservation, the bottom of the freezing-thawing pipe is designed to be a closed boundary, so that no moisture and solute exchange with the outside is ensured. The water loss in the freeze-thaw tubes is only due to soil water evaporation, and the total volume of water in the freeze-thaw tubes after each sampling is as follows:
wherein i is the sequence number of the freeze-thaw process stage, i is 1,2, …, N; j is the serial number of the soil layer, and n is the total number of the soil layers; h isjThe thickness of the jth layer of soil is unit cm, and in the embodiment, the thickness of each layer of soil is 10 cm; thetaijThe volume water content of the soil in the jth soil pillar section sampled for the ith time is calculated according to the mass difference before and after the soil is dried and the water density, and the unit cm is3cm-3；AfIs the cross section area of the freeze-thaw tube in cm2；
And 4, the amount of the evaporated water from the i stage to the i +1 stage is as follows:
Tifor days from stage i to stage i +1, a factor of 10 is used for unit conversion of cm to mm.
In this embodiment, the freeze-thaw process is divided into 4 stages, where N is 4, which are: the method comprises the following steps of starting freezing, completely freezing, starting melting and completely melting:
the beginning of freezing is that the reading of the uppermost temperature probe in the freezing and thawing pipe is the freezing point, and the readings of the temperature probes of the other layers are higher than the freezing point;
completely freezing is that the readings of all the temperature probes in the freeze-thaw tube are lower than the freezing point;
melting is started, namely the reading of the uppermost temperature probe in the freeze-thaw tube is higher than the freezing point, and the reading of the temperature probes in the other layers is lower than the freezing point;
complete thawing means that the readings of all the temperature probes in the freeze-thaw tube are higher than the freezing point.
The evaporation water amount of each stage in the process of freezing and thawing cycle of the frozen soil from the beginning to freeze, completely freeze, begin to thaw, completely thaw and begin to freeze is calculated.
Claims (8)
1. Seasonal frozen soil freeze thawing process monitoring devices, its characterized in that includes: the device comprises a freezing and thawing pipe, a temperature measuring probe and a temperature signal receiving device; a plurality of temperature probes are arranged on the temperature measuring probe at equal intervals, are independently wired, and send the measured temperature value to the temperature signal receiving device for display; the length of the temperature measuring probe is greater than the length of the freeze-thaw tube.
2. The seasonal frozen soil freezing and thawing process monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein the freezing and thawing pipe is composed of an inner pipe, an outer pipe and a bottom sealing device, the inner pipe is installed in the outer pipe, and heat preservation cotton is filled between the inner pipe and the outer pipe; the bottom sealing device is used for sealing the sleeved inner pipe and outer pipe, and the bottom sealing device sequentially comprises from the bottom of the inner pipe to the bottom of the outer pipe: sealing ring, inner tube heat conduction piece, outer tube heat conduction piece, gasket, bottom plate.
3. The seasonal frozen soil freezing and thawing process monitoring device according to claim 2, wherein the inner tube is composed of a plurality of inner tube sections which are spliced together; the outer pipe is formed by splicing a plurality of outer pipe sections.
4. The apparatus for monitoring freezing and thawing process of seasoned frozen soil according to claim 2, wherein the inner tube and the outer tube are both polyethylene tubes.
5. The seasonal frozen soil freezing and thawing process monitoring device according to claim 3, wherein the inner tube sections are connected by threads and the outer tube sections are connected by welding.
6. The seasonal frozen soil freezing and thawing process monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein a handle is arranged at the upper part of the freezing and thawing pipe.
7. The seasonal frozen soil freezing and thawing process monitoring method of the seasonal frozen soil freezing and thawing process monitoring device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising:
(1) collecting soil in a seasonal frozen soil area, air-drying and sieving, taking a part of soil sample, mixing salt-free clear water to a saturated state, and taking the mixture as soil slurry below an underground water level; taking part of the soil sample, mixing a saline solution with a preset concentration to a saturated state, and taking the mixture as soil slurry above the ground water level;
(2) placing the freeze-thaw pipe into a pre-drilled drill hole, filling the soil slurry below the underground water level into the freeze-thaw pipe to a set underground water level, and finally filling the soil slurry above the underground water level into the freeze-thaw pipe to the ground surface height; inserting a temperature measuring probe into the freeze-thaw tube, and dividing the soil slurry in the freeze-thaw tube into a plurality of layers according to the distance between the temperature probes; reading readings of temperature probes on different layers to measure temperature values of different layers of soil slurry;
setting a plurality of parallel experiments for collecting at different stages in the freezing and thawing process;
(3) dividing the freezing and thawing process into N stages, sampling in each stage respectively and calculating the total volume of water in the freezing and thawing pipe;
the sampling is destructive sampling: taking out the freeze-thaw tube from the drilled hole, extracting the temperature probe, taking out the soil column in the inner tube, cutting the soil column into a plurality of sections according to the distance between the temperature probes, weighing each section of soil column, setting the temperature of the drying oven to be 105 ℃, drying for 8 hours, and weighing again; the total volume of water in the freeze-thaw tube after each sampling is as follows:
wherein i is the sequence number of the freeze-thaw process stage, i is 1,2, …, N; j is the serial number of the soil layer, and n is the total number of the soil layers; h isjThe thickness of the jth layer of soil is expressed in cm; thetaijThe volume water content of the soil in the jth soil pillar section sampled for the ith time is calculated according to the mass difference before and after the soil is dried and the water density, and the unit cm is3cm-3；AfIs the cross section area of the freeze-thaw tube in cm2；
(4) The amount of water evaporated from stage i to stage i +1 was:
Tifor days from stage i to stage i +1, a factor of 10 is used for unit conversion of cm to mm.
8. The method for monitoring the freezing and thawing process of the seasoned frozen soil according to claim 7, wherein the freezing and thawing process is divided into 4 stages, wherein N is 4, and the N is: starting to freeze, completely freeze, starting to melt and completely melt; the starting freezing is that the reading of the uppermost temperature probe in the freezing-thawing pipe is the freezing point, and the readings of the temperature probes of the other layers are higher than the freezing point; the complete freezing is that the readings of all the temperature probes on the layers in the freeze-thaw tube are lower than the freezing point; the reading of the uppermost temperature probe in the freeze-thaw tube is higher than the freezing point, and the reading of the rest temperature probes is lower than the freezing point; the complete thawing means that the readings of all the temperature probes in the freeze-thaw tube are higher than the freezing point.
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| CN202010150097.XA CN111272604A (en) | 2020-03-06 | 2020-03-06 | Device and method for monitoring freezing and thawing process of seasonal frozen soil |
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Cited By (4)
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| CN112683941A (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2021-04-20 | 中环天仪（天津）气象仪器有限公司 | Automatic frozen soil observation instrument and use method |
| CN113588912A (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-11-02 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 | Simulation system and method for on-site simulation of frozen soil environment |
| CN113724802A (en) * | 2021-09-06 | 2021-11-30 | 长安大学 | Calculation method for influence of decoupling evaporation on salt content of lake and reservoir water body |
| CN115266805A (en) * | 2022-07-20 | 2022-11-01 | 青海省地质环境监测总站 | Automatic frozen soil freeze-thawing monitoring system and monitoring method |
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| CN112683941A (en) * | 2021-01-15 | 2021-04-20 | 中环天仪（天津）气象仪器有限公司 | Automatic frozen soil observation instrument and use method |
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| CN115266805A (en) * | 2022-07-20 | 2022-11-01 | 青海省地质环境监测总站 | Automatic frozen soil freeze-thawing monitoring system and monitoring method |
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Application publication date: 20200612 |