CN203587589U - Freezing-melting circulation detecting device suitable for natural saline soils - Google Patents
Freezing-melting circulation detecting device suitable for natural saline soils Download PDFInfo
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- CN203587589U CN203587589U CN201320793944.XU CN201320793944U CN203587589U CN 203587589 U CN203587589 U CN 203587589U CN 201320793944 U CN201320793944 U CN 201320793944U CN 203587589 U CN203587589 U CN 203587589U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a freezing-melting circulation detecting device suitable for natural saline soils and used for detecting the forming process of the saline soils under a natural environmental condition and detecting the change rule of frost heaving and melt sinking in a multi-time freezing-melting circulation process. The freezing-melting circulation detecting device is characterized in that the upper part of a sample barrel of the device is connected with a low-temperature constant-temperature box for the temperature change under a natural state, and the setting the common temperature is determined according to the air temperature of the region; the bottom of the sample barrel is also fixedly provided with a temperature controlling head for detecting the temperatures among soil bodies under the natural condition, and the temperature is generally set at + 5 DEG C; the temperature controlling head arranged on the bottom of the sample barrel is connected with a water replenishing device for detecting the replenishment of the underground water and the salinity under the natural condition. The freezing-melting circulation detecting device suitable for the natural saline soils provided by the utility model has the advantages that a freezing-melting circulation mechanism of the saline soils is well reflected, and the reference is provided for the engineering construction of a saline soil region.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to civil engineering work Instrument technology field, freeze thawing phenomenon to natural salt dirting soil under physical environment is simulated and is carried out Full automatic digital detection, the Changing Pattern of research natural salt dirting soil in thawing cyclic process, for control and the improvement of engineering construction medium salting soil provide foundation.
Background technology
Along with the enforcement of national strategy to develop western regions, strengthen the investment construction of west area infrastructure is inevitable.Much infrastructure has run into saliferous clay stratum and roadbed in process of construction, as Qinghai-Tibet Railway, the Lan-xing Railway, Hami to Lop Nur railway etc.; So further investigate formation mechanism and the Changing Pattern of saliferous clay, become a matter of utmost importance of current research saliferous clay.
West area is China's saliferous clay maximum area that distributes, the morning and evening temperature difference of this area is large and be subject to the particular surroundings such as difference variation in season, make the phenomenons such as salinity in saliferous clay moves, cohesion, freeze thawing, to buildings, cause significant damage, these particular surroundingss to the effect of saliferous clay similar in appearance to freeze thawing ringing.And the engineering properties of saliferous clay is not only relevant with factors such as the packings of water percentage, salt content and the soil body, also by the impacts that are subject to environment comprehensive factor more, so saliferous clay is carried out to the freeze thawing circulating analog experimental study under physical environment, and the mechanism of comprehensively analyzing saliferous clay is necessary.
The research of current scholar to saliferous clay, main method is to carry out sample preparation add certain salinity in the soil body after, research adds the mechanical property of the soil body after salinity and sample is put into refrigerator and carry out freeze thawing circulation, the temperature variation of simulating natural environment, after having tested, the Changing Pattern of the mechanics correlation parameter of research sample, the main shortcoming of this method is to be difficult to study veritably the time of day of saliferous clay under physical environment.Packet satellite etc. " the swollen experimental study of typical natural salt dirting soil thawing cyclic salt [J]. Geotechnical Engineering journal; 2006; 11:1991-1995. " in also saliferous clay is carried out to simulation experiment study, follow-up scholars also apply this device and have carried out the research of saliferous clay relevant nature.Although this unit simulation the condition such as the temperature variation of physical environment and supply of moisture, but also have a lot of improper parts as follows: (1) hutch water device can not provide moisture as sample consistently, and regulate exactly height of water level, be difficult to the supply of underground water in simulating natural environment truly; (2) when sample carries out external insulation, heat-insulation layer can not carry out strict insulation, even if implement, after Insulation, is also unfavorable for the situation of change at visual observation saliferous clay; (3) while measuring the frost heave of saliferous clay, the weight of the refrigeration head on this device top has suppressed in fact the part frost heaving amount of saliferous clay, also the inner structure of saliferous clay is damaged, the data that application dial gauge records are less than normal simultaneously, can not simulate exactly the frost heaving amount of saliferous clay; (4) when analysis temperature, moisture and salt grade influence factor, this device is only monitored temperature, and salinity and moisture only, after each freeze thawing circulation, are measured after sampling.Operation is more loaded down with trivial details on the one hand, while sampling on the other hand, selects sample position accidental error very large, monitoring when being difficult to realize to influence factor; (5) this device only can be measured the frost heave of saliferous clay, and molten falling into is also one of important engineering properties of saliferous clay, but this device cannot solve.In a word, although this device has carried out Environmental variations and the simulation of moisture on saliferous clay impact to saliferous clay, but the simulation of the physical environment to saliferous clay is also not enough far away, and result of study and engineering reality also have a certain distance, directly applies to engineering construction relatively dangerous.
The utility model is in order to further investigate natural salt dirting soil under natural environmental condition, the factors such as saliferous clay moisture, salinity, temperature are on frost heave and the molten sunken rule that affects, and the Transport of water, salinity, designed Full automatic digital natural salt dirting soil freeze thawing circulating analog test unit, appliance computer carries out Automatic Control to it, and it is carried out to indoor thawing circulating analog test; In the thawing cyclic process of research saliferous clay under simulating natural condition, the Changing Pattern of frost heave and molten sunken and each influence factor, appliance computer carries out data acquisition to overall process, and the science data of collection have important practical significance and practical value.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is: a kind of freeze thawing cycle detector that is applicable to natural salt dirting soil providing, realization is carried out thawing cycle detection to natural salt dirting soil under indoor conditions, find each influence factor on frost heave and the molten sunken rule that affects, to engineering design, provide science data.
The purpose of this utility model is achieved in that a kind of freeze thawing cycle detector that is applicable to natural salt dirting soil, by top cryostat 1, regulate water level control panel 2, constant current case 3, communicating pipe 4, moisture Backflow bottle 5, flow bottle 6, flow controller 7, fixed screw 8, temperature inductor connects spool 9, upper temp control head 10, vent port screw 11, flow connecting pipe 12, airborne laser range finder 13, watering plate 14, water vapor backflash 15, moisture transducer connects spool 16, salt sub sensor connecting line tube 17, double-layer vacuum organic glass insulation test specimen tube 18, temperature inductor 19, moisture transducer 20, salt sub sensor 21, hutch water device 22, draining valve 23, temperature of lower control head 24, bottom cryostat 25, testing table 26, computing machine 27, management information system 28 forms,
The top that is fixed on the pick-up unit on testing table 26 arranges respectively upper temp control head 10, vent port screw 11, flow connecting pipe 12, airborne laser range finder 13; Wherein upper temp control head 10 connects top cryostat 1, airborne laser range finder 13 link information control system 28; Watering plate 14 and water vapor backflash 15 are set in the inside of upper temp control head 10, and water vapor backflash 15 connects moisture Backflow bottle 5; On the watering plate 14 that is evenly equipped with intensive leaking hole, flow connecting pipe 12 is set, flow connecting pipe 12 connection traffic controllers 7 and flow bottle 6, wherein flow controller 7 is connected with management information system 28;
The vacuum organic glass insulation test specimen tube 18 that is fixed on the pick-up unit middle part on testing table 26 is right cylinder, is laid in the affixed right cylinder of screw 8 of the temperature control head 10 on top; In cylindrical soil layer, temperature inductor 19, moisture transducer 20, salt sub sensor 21 are laid in layering, and wherein the circuit of temperature inductor 19, moisture transducer 20 and salt sub sensor 21 is connected spool 9, moisture transducer connection spool 16, salt sub sensor connecting line tube 17 by temperature inductor respectively and is fixed in inwall plastic tube and is connected with management information system 28;
The bottom that is fixed on the pick-up unit on testing table 26 arranges go in ring emboss pit hutch water device 22 and temperature of lower control head 24, and wherein temperature of lower control head 24 is connecting bottom cryostat 25; Be arranged on the affixed vacuum organic glass insulation of the screw test specimen tube 18 of hutch water device 22 both sides, wherein at the interior placement filter paper of hutch water device 22 and permeable stone; One end of hutch water device 22 is installed with draining valve 23, and the other end is installed with communicating pipe 4, divides then varying head constant current case 3 on the arm of communicating pipe 4, arranges and regulate water level control panel 2 in constant current case;
Wherein management information system 28 is connected with computing machine 27.
Research mechanism of the present utility model and effect: research natural salt dirting soil is subject to frost heave and the molten sunken Changing Pattern of the factors such as season alternation and temperature variation under field conditions (factors), except needs are at the outdoor observational study that carries out, also need it to carry out simulation laboratory test the Changing Pattern of research natural salt dirting soil simultaneously.In the top of design apparatus and bottom, be respectively connected a fixing temperature control head, for it is carried out to temperature control, the temperature variation under simulating natural condition; In the temperature control head connecting in device bottom, be connected with hutch water device, for the migration situation of simulated groundwater and salinity; A watering plate is set on the top of test specimen tube, makes to trickle down moisture on the soil body more even; What connect watering plate is flow controller and flow bottle, for the water yield is controlled, gives the relation of aquifer yield and molten sunken property; In the soil body of heat-preservation cylinder inside, layering is being arranged symmetrically with temperature inductor, moisture transducer, salt sub sensor, for detection of the Changing Pattern of temperature, moisture, salt grading factors; Three airborne laser range finders are installed on the temperature control head at top, for monitoring the Changing Pattern in freeze thawing cyclic process medium salting soil frost heaving amount and molten sunken amount; Temperature inductor, moisture transducer, salt sub sensor, airborne laser range finder are all connected with management information system and computing machine, and computing machine carries out timing controlled monitoring to it; The simulated experiment of this device is intuitively accurate, easy to operate, and the data of acquisition are true and reliable, show technical progress.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the utility model is described in further detail.
The structural representation that accompanying drawing 1 is apparatus of the present invention; Accompanying drawing explanation:
As shown in the figure: 1-top cryostat, 2-regulates water level control panel, 3-constant current case, 4-communicating pipe, 5-moisture Backflow bottle, 6-flow bottle, 7-flow controller, 8-fixed screw, 9-temperature inductor connects spool, 10-upper temp control head, 11-vent port screw, 12-flow connecting pipe, 13-airborne laser range finder, 14-watering plate, 15-water vapor backflash, 16-moisture transducer connects spool, 17-salt sub sensor connecting line pipe, 18-double-layer vacuum organic glass test specimen tube, 19-temperature inductor, 20-moisture transducer, 21-salt sub sensor, 22-hutch water device, 23-draining valve, 24-temperature of lower control head, 25-bottom cryostat, 26-testing table, 27-computing machine, 28-management information system.
Structure intention is shown in overlooking that accompanying drawing 2 is upper temp control head installing component;
As shown in the figure: 10-upper temp control head, 11-vent port screw, 12-flow connecting pipe, 13-airborne laser range finder.
Accompanying drawing 3 is the structural representation that watering plate parts are installed in upper temp control head;
As shown in the figure: 10-upper temp control head, 11-vent port screw, 12-flow connecting pipe, 14-watering plate, 15-water vapor backflash.
Accompanying drawing 4 is the plan structure schematic diagram of the watering plate parts of installation;
As shown in the figure: 12-flow connecting pipe, 14-watering plate.
Accompanying drawing 5 is for installing the plan structure schematic diagram of vacuum organic glass insulation test specimen tube parts;
As shown in the figure: 9-temperature inductor connects spool, 16-moisture transducer connects spool, 17-salt sub sensor connecting line pipe, 18-double-layer vacuum organic glass test specimen tube, 19-temperature inductor, 20-moisture transducer, 21-salt sub sensor.
Accompanying drawing 6 is the full-page proof schematic diagram that moisture transducer is connected with pipeline;
As shown in the figure: 16-moisture transducer connects spool, 20-moisture transducer.
Accompanying drawing 7 is the plan structure schematic diagram of hutch water device parts;
As shown in the figure: 22-hutch water device: 23-draining valve.
Accompanying drawing 8 is the structural representation that hutch water device parts are installed in temperature of lower control head;
As shown in the figure: 22-hutch water device: 23-draining valve, 24-temperature of lower control head.
Embodiment
The utility model is described further in conjunction with the embodiments.
(1) before test, detect
By soil test standard SL237-1999, hit the requirement of real experiment, adopt the method for Proctor compaction test, under every layer of condition of hitting real merit for 25 times, points three layers hit real sample preparation and measure optimum moisture content and the maximum dry densities of the sample soil body; The density that design packs pick-up unit soil sample into is S
max* 0.95, to soil sample, by the requirement of design, utilize sprinkler to spray equably required amount of water in soil sample, uniform stirring also seals shelving 24h, then adds earth material to carry out sample preparation in test specimen tube, instrument and assembly are checked, and whether no-load running normally judges simultaneously.
(2) sample preparation
The good soil sample of health is divided six times and pack test specimen tube into, and carry out sample preparation.Before dress sample, one deck vaseline is smeared in the inside of test specimen tube, to reduce the friction force between soil and inwall, add soil body quality to be at every turn
by the real merit of hitting of design, the soil body is hit to reality, hitting the control of every layer of soil sample after completing is in fact highly 10cm; In hitting in fact at every turn, at soil body middle part embedding temperature inductor, moisture transducer and salt sub sensor respectively, make its every layer in same level, and be positioned at the medium position of every layer soil body, each sensor is connected with wire separately, in the end after one deck soil sample compacting, scrape flat sample with cutting ring, filter paper and special ultra-thin permeable stone are placed in top at sample, do not affect so on the one hand the evaporation of moisture, also be conducive on the other hand airborne laser range finder and measure more exactly soil sample at the medium-altitude variable quantity of freeze thawing cyclic process, reduce contingency.
(3) instrument connects
On hutch water device, place filter paper and permeable stone, be incubated test specimen tube be fixed on hutch water device with key screw vacuum organic glass, temperature of lower control head is connected with bottom cryostat, hutch water device is connected with constant current case; Adjust the height change head of the baffle plate of the steady flow in constant current case, observe the height of communicating pipe middle water level, make make-up water just contact sample, then the temperature control head on top is also fixed on test specimen tube, directly it is connected with top cryostat; Connect the pipeline of watering plate and flow controller and flow bottle, can realize the simulation of simulation surface water to the molten sunken property of saliferous clay; Water vapor backflash is connected with moisture Backflow bottle, realizing water vapor meets after cold and condenses and form the recovery of liquid, finally temperature inductor, moisture transducer, salt sub sensor, airborne laser range finder, flow controller are connected with management information system, signal is connected with computing machine after treatment again, with computing machine, thawing cyclic process is carried out to whole process and control, monitor and record the changing value of each influence factor.
(4) test condition is set
What the upper end temperature control head of sample was simulated is the effect of ambient temperature to the soil body, general definite according to local minimum temperature; Temperature of lower control head is to the temperature simulation between inside soil body, and when ambient temperature generation acute variation, between the soil body of certain depth, temperature variation is very little in fact, and according to test experience, general temperature control is+5 ℃; The phenomenon that while reducing to realize temperature, the soil moisture gradually changes to bottom from top, freeze thawing circulation temperature lowering process continues 24h each time; After temperature-fall period finishes, regulate the constant temperature oven on top, design temperature is the mxm. of local temperature, the constant temperature oven of the bottom set temperature that remains unchanged is+5 ℃, allow temperature recovery with the simulation spontaneous phenomenon that the coming year, the soil moisture rose gradually, this process also maintains 24h, and 48h is a freeze thawing cycle period.By computer settings, record the numerical value of temperature, moisture, salinity and a frost heaving amount per half an hour, according to the data of monitoring, analyze the Changing Pattern of the rear each influence factor of saliferous clay of experience thawing circulation and frost heave, the freeze thawing circulation mechanism of probing into natural salt dirting soil.
(5) mensuration of molten sunken property
Carrying out after thawing circulation, when the swollen cumulative property of salt of observation saliferous clay is no longer obvious, illustrate that saliferous clay has reached equilibrium state in freeze thawing cyclic process, it is carried out to the molten sunken property research of saliferous clay, when being related to of research surface water and molten sunken property, by the flow controller control water yield, every 30min adds water one time, each amount of water is 500g, observes and adds the relation between soil body high variable quantity and amount of water after water at every turn; When being related to of Study of The Underground water level and molten sunken property, by regulating the control panel in constant current case, every 30min regulates a control panel, each growth that regulates water level is highly 5cm, observation is after underground water table raises, the high variable quantity of the soil body, the relation of Study of The Underground water level variable and soil body high variable quantity; By the relation between research surface water and groundwater and soil body height change, comprehensively analyze the molten sunken character of saliferous clay.
Described pick-up unit, the angle between the airborne laser range finder that arranges at the top of device upper temp control head is adjacent is 120 °.
Described pick-up unit, affixed plastic tube on the right cylinder inwall of test specimen tube, the angle between plastic tube is adjacent is 120 °.
(6) range of application
1) natural salt dirting soil is carried out to freeze thawing circulating analog, analyze temperature, moisture, salinity and salt frost heave and molten sunken Changing Pattern in freeze thawing cyclic process.
2) natural frozen soil is carried out to freeze thawing circulating analog, analyze the Changing Pattern of frozen soil temperature, moisture and frost heaving amount in freeze thawing cyclic process.
3) same soil sample is carried out to thawing circulation, analyze this soil body in frost heave and salt the inner link between swollen.
4) saliferous clay after improvement is carried out to thawing circulation, analyze soil sample after improvement after experience thawing circulation improved effect, can differentiation meet the requirement of engineering construction.
5) in the thawing cyclic process of natural salt dirting soil, in order conveniently to utilize in electron-microscope scanning freeze thawing cyclic process, the microstructure change of each layer; Can be after each freeze thawing circulation finish, direct sample preparation section, for observing the inner structure of the soil body.
Claims (3)
1. one kind is applicable to the freeze thawing cycle detector of natural salt dirting soil, it is characterized in that: device is by top cryostat (1), regulate water level control panel (2), constant current case (3), communicating pipe (4), moisture Backflow bottle (5), flow bottle (6), flow controller (7), fixed screw (8), temperature inductor connects spool (9), upper temp control head (10), vent port screw (11), flow connecting pipe (12), airborne laser range finder (13), watering plate (14), water vapor backflash (15), moisture transducer connects spool (16), salt sub sensor connecting line tube (17), double-layer vacuum organic glass insulation test specimen tube (18), temperature inductor (19), moisture transducer (20), salt sub sensor (21), hutch water device (22), draining valve (23), temperature of lower control head (24), bottom cryostat (25), testing table (26), computing machine (27), management information system (28) forms,
The top that is fixed on the pick-up unit on testing table (26) arranges respectively upper temp control head (10), vent port screw (11), flow connecting pipe (12), airborne laser range finder (13); Wherein upper temp control head (10) connects top cryostat (1), airborne laser range finder (13) link information control system (28); Watering plate (14) and water vapor backflash (15) are set in the inside of upper temp control head (10), and water vapor backflash (15) connects moisture Backflow bottle (5); Flow connecting pipe (12) is set being evenly equipped with on the watering plate of intensive leaking hole (14), flow connecting pipe (12) connection traffic controller (7) and flow bottle (6), wherein flow controller (7) is connected with management information system (28);
The vacuum organic glass insulation test specimen tube (18) that is fixed on the pick-up unit middle part on testing table (26) is right cylinder, is laid in the affixed right cylinder of screw (8) of the temperature control head (10) on top; In cylindrical soil layer, temperature inductor (19), moisture transducer (20), salt sub sensor (21) are laid in layering, and wherein the circuit of temperature inductor (19), moisture transducer (20) and salt sub sensor (21) is connected spool (9), moisture transducer connection spool (16), salt sub sensor connecting line tube (17) by temperature inductor respectively and is fixed on the interior link information control system (28) of inwall plastic tube;
The bottom that is fixed on the pick-up unit on testing table (26) arranges go in ring emboss pit hutch water device (22) and temperature of lower control head (24), and wherein temperature of lower control head (24) is connecting bottom cryostat (25); Be arranged on the affixed vacuum organic glass insulation test specimen tube of screw (18) of hutch water device (22) both sides, wherein in hutch water device (22), place filter paper and permeable stone; One end of hutch water device (22) is installed with draining valve (23), and the other end is installed with communicating pipe (4), divides then varying head constant current case (3) on the arm of communicating pipe (4), arranges and regulate water level control panel (2) in constant current case;
Wherein management information system (28) is connected with computing machine (27).
2. pick-up unit according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the angle between the airborne laser range finder (13) that arranges at the top of device upper temp control head (10) is adjacent is 120 °.
3. pick-up unit according to claim 1, is characterized in that: affixed plastic tube on the right cylinder inwall of test specimen tube (18), the angle between plastic tube is adjacent is 120 °.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201320793944.XU CN203587589U (en) | 2013-12-04 | 2013-12-04 | Freezing-melting circulation detecting device suitable for natural saline soils |
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| CN201320793944.XU CN203587589U (en) | 2013-12-04 | 2013-12-04 | Freezing-melting circulation detecting device suitable for natural saline soils |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103743771A (en) * | 2013-12-04 | 2014-04-23 | 新疆农业大学 | Freeze-thawing circulation detection apparatus for nature saline soil |
| CN104730102A (en) * | 2015-03-25 | 2015-06-24 | 吉林大学 | Continuous temperature-change multi-stage gradient freezing instrument |
| CN105544494A (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2016-05-04 | 山西大学 | Temperature-controllable salt leaching-adding soil test device and method for testing soil sample by using same |
| CN106526129A (en) * | 2016-10-26 | 2017-03-22 | 中国地震局工程力学研究所 | One-way freezing-thawing natural water replenishing device |
| CN109884111A (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2019-06-14 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of soil freezing heave and water-energy budget couple visualized experiment auxiliary device |
| CN110018199A (en) * | 2019-03-18 | 2019-07-16 | 浙江大学 | A kind of method that can measure material electromagnetic parameter in the device and Frozen-thawed cycled of test material electromagnetic parameter in Frozen-thawed cycled |
| CN110967464A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2020-04-07 | 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 | Simple method for calculating settlement coefficient of coarse-grained saline soil |
| CN111272604A (en) * | 2020-03-06 | 2020-06-12 | 河海大学 | Device and method for monitoring freezing and thawing process of seasonal frozen soil |
-
2013
- 2013-12-04 CN CN201320793944.XU patent/CN203587589U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103743771A (en) * | 2013-12-04 | 2014-04-23 | 新疆农业大学 | Freeze-thawing circulation detection apparatus for nature saline soil |
| CN103743771B (en) * | 2013-12-04 | 2016-01-20 | 新疆农业大学 | A kind of Frozen-thawed cycled pick-up unit being applicable to natural salt dirting soil |
| CN104730102A (en) * | 2015-03-25 | 2015-06-24 | 吉林大学 | Continuous temperature-change multi-stage gradient freezing instrument |
| CN105544494A (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2016-05-04 | 山西大学 | Temperature-controllable salt leaching-adding soil test device and method for testing soil sample by using same |
| CN106526129A (en) * | 2016-10-26 | 2017-03-22 | 中国地震局工程力学研究所 | One-way freezing-thawing natural water replenishing device |
| CN110967464A (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2020-04-07 | 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 | Simple method for calculating settlement coefficient of coarse-grained saline soil |
| CN110967464B (en) * | 2018-09-28 | 2022-01-28 | 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 | Simple method for calculating settlement coefficient of coarse-grained saline soil |
| CN110018199A (en) * | 2019-03-18 | 2019-07-16 | 浙江大学 | A kind of method that can measure material electromagnetic parameter in the device and Frozen-thawed cycled of test material electromagnetic parameter in Frozen-thawed cycled |
| CN109884111A (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2019-06-14 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of soil freezing heave and water-energy budget couple visualized experiment auxiliary device |
| CN111272604A (en) * | 2020-03-06 | 2020-06-12 | 河海大学 | Device and method for monitoring freezing and thawing process of seasonal frozen soil |
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Granted publication date: 20140507 Termination date: 20141204 |
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