CN108344740B - Expansive soil field judgment method based on PIV technology - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a field discrimination method for the free expansion rate of expansive soil based on a PIV technology. The method comprises the steps of manufacturing an undisturbed sample test piece of the expansive soil, determining the stabilization time of the surface crack displacement of the test piece by utilizing the PIV technology, obtaining the accumulated displacement scalar average value of each point on the surface at the moment, establishing the corresponding relation between the displacement scalar average value and the free expansion rate of the soil sample of the test piece to obtain a linear correlation model, correcting the linear correlation model according to the experimental results of the undisturbed soil sample under different initial water contents, and finally obtaining the field discrimination method of the free expansion rate of the expansive soil based on the PIV technology. When the method is applied on site, the real-time accumulated displacement scalar average value of the soil sample on site and the initial water content of the soil sample are tested, and the expansibility of the soil layer can be rapidly judged on site by applying the method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of soil expansion grade discrimination, in particular to a method for discriminating expansive soil on site based on a Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technology.
Background
Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) is a particle displacement testing technology based on an image processing and identifying technology, has the advantages of continuous displacement measurement, high efficiency, quickness, no intervention measurement and the like, and is widely applied to related subjects of hydromechanics, experimental mechanics and the like.
The field judgment of the expansibility grade of the soil body is a necessary link of civil engineering construction in an expansive soil distribution area and is used for judging the availability of an excavated soil layer and determining a protection scheme of an excavated base surface. In general, weak expansive soils are available and have weak base protection, and more than moderate expansive soils are discarded and have strong base protection.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a field discrimination method for the free expansion rate of expansive soil based on a PIV technology, which indirectly and rapidly determines the free expansion rate of soil and achieves the aim of rapidly discriminating the expansibility of soil layers on the field.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a expansive soil field distinguishing method based on a PIV technology comprises the following steps:
(1) manufacturing a test piece after the undisturbed sample of the expansive soil is saturated;
(2) determining the time for stabilizing the displacement of the surface of the test piece by using a particle image velocimetry technology;
(3) calculating the average value of the accumulated displacement scalars on the surface of the test piece;
(4) testing the free expansion rate of the test piece;
(5) establishing a relation between the average value of the accumulated displacement scalar quantity of the surface of the test piece and the free expansion rate;
(6) calculating a correction coefficient of the influence of the water content of the soil sample on the average value of the accumulated displacement scalar on the surface of the undisturbed sample of the expansive soil;
(7) and (4) field judgment of the expansibility of the expansive soil.
Further, the specific method of the step (1) is as follows: the method comprises the following steps of taking undisturbed soil samples with different expansion grades, taking the undisturbed soil samples with different expansion grades as test pieces after the undisturbed soil samples are saturated, and covering a single layer of standard sand with the grain diameter of 0.075-0.25 mm on the upper surface of each test piece for marking the surface of each test piece as a combination consisting of granules with different characteristics.
Further, the test piece is sampled from the original state soil sample by the steel mould, the steel mould is cylindric, just the steel mould diameter is 61.8mm, and highly is 10mm, open and the blade of establishing of steel mould one end, the steel mould other end is sealed.
Further, the method of the step (2) is as follows: respectively placing the test piece obtained in the step (1) in a constant temperature environment of 100 ℃, and processing the surface images of the test piece respectively obtained by two adjacent time nodes by using a particle image velocimetry technology, so as to obtain displacement scalars of different aggregates on the surface of the test piece in the time period: and (3) corresponding the gradient color between black and white to the displacement scalar value, displaying the displacement scalar of each pixel point in a gray scale graph form, when each pixel point of the images shot at two adjacent time points does not have displacement, namely the displacement of each aggregate on the surface of the test piece at the two adjacent time points is zero, displaying the gray scale graph as black, determining that the displacement of each point on the surface of the test piece reaches a stable state, and determining the next time node of the two adjacent time nodes as the displacement stable time.
Further, the specific method of the step (3) is as follows: and (3) counting the displacement scalars of all pixel points in the gray scale image, calculating a scalar mean value of the displacement scalars, defining the scalar mean value as an increment displacement scalar mean value, and accumulating the increment displacement scalar mean value in the gray scale image obtained before the stabilization time according to the displacement stabilization time obtained in the step (2) to obtain an accumulated displacement scalar mean value.
Further, the specific method of the step (4) is as follows: and (3) testing the free expansion rate of the test piece soil samples with different expansion grades according to the free expansion rate test steps in appendix D in the expansive soil area building technical Specification.
Further, the specific method of the step (5) is as follows: and linearly fitting the correlation state between the average value of the accumulated displacement scalar on the surface of the test piece and the free expansion rate of the soil sample of the test piece to obtain a linear correlation empirical model.
Further, the specific method of the step (6) is as follows: and (3) saturating the undisturbed soil sample with the same free expansion rate result, air-drying the undisturbed soil sample to different water contents, respectively manufacturing samples, covering the upper surface of each sample with standard sand with a single-layer grain size of 0.075-0.25 mm, identifying the surface of each sample as a combination consisting of granules with different characteristics, performing the step (2) and the step (3) of the test on the sample, obtaining a surface accumulative displacement scalar average value, and establishing a corresponding relation between the initial water content and the surface accumulative displacement scalar average value to obtain an initial water content correction coefficient based on a linear correlation empirical model of the saturated undisturbed sample.
Further, the specific method of the step (7) is as follows: according to the steps (1) to (3), manufacturing an undisturbed soil sample test piece on site, and obtaining an average value of accumulated displacement scalars on the surface of the test piece; measuring the initial water content of the soil sample according to an alcohol combustion method; and (5) according to the step (5) and the step (6), obtaining the free expansion rate of the soil sample through the linear correlation empirical model and the initial water content correction, and judging the expansibility of the soil sample.
Further, the specific step of determining the time for stabilizing the displacement of the upper surface of the test piece by using the PIV method in the step (2) is as follows:
step 1: acquiring surface images of the test piece by using an industrial camera within equal time intervals from the moment when the test piece is placed in a constant temperature environment, wherein the time intervals can be 5-10 min;
step 2: according to the diameter of the cutting ring
And the number of pixel points contained in the diameter length in the picture, and defining the length of a single pixel point of the picture;
step 3: determining a scalar maximum value according to the maximum increment displacement scalar of the expansive soil area, and defining the scalar maximum value as the scalar maximum value of the area; the size of the displacement scalar is divided by the color change of the gray map, in the gray map, the scalar maximum value is displayed as white, the scalar zero value is displayed as black, and the scalar intermediate value is displayed as gradient color, thereby defining the corresponding relation between the displacement scalar and the gray color;
step 4: processing the surface image of the test piece shot at the adjacent moment by utilizing a particle image velocimetry technology to obtain an incremental displacement gray scale map;
step 5: when the pixel points of the images shot at two adjacent time points do not displace, namely the displacement of each aggregate on the inner surface in the time period is zero, the gray level image is displayed to be black, the displacement of each point on the surface of the test piece is determined to reach a stable state, and the node after the time period is determined as the displacement stabilization time.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
compared with the prior art, the PIV image processing technology is simple to operate, can obtain the surface displacement field of the test piece in a non-contact manner and obtain the dynamic displacement process of the test piece, has high accuracy of the measurement result, and can meet the requirements of experimental analysis.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a 0-10 min incremental displacement gray scale graph;
FIG. 2 is a 40-50 min incremental displacement gray scale graph;
FIG. 3 is a gray scale diagram of incremental displacement of 50-60 min;
FIG. 4 is a gray scale;
FIG. 5 is a swelling criterion fitted curve.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative, not limiting and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
A expansive soil field distinguishing method based on a PIV technology comprises the following steps:
(1) and manufacturing a test piece after the original sample of the expansive soil is saturated. The specific method comprises the following steps: get the original state soil sample of different inflation grades, the test piece is taken a sample by the steel mould, and the steel mould is cylindric, and steel mould diameter is 61.8mm, highly is 10mm, and open and establish to the blade of steel mould one end, and the steel mould other end seals. The method comprises the steps of saturating undisturbed soil samples with different expansion grades, manufacturing test pieces according to a sample preparation method in preparation of 3.1 samples in 'geotechnical test method standard', covering a single layer of standard sand with the grain diameter of 0.075-0.25 mm on the upper surfaces of the test pieces, identifying the characteristics of different positions of the surfaces of the test pieces, and identifying the surfaces of the test pieces as a combination consisting of granules with different characteristics.
(2) And determining the stable time of the surface displacement of the test piece by using a PIV technology. Respectively placing the test piece obtained in the step (1) in a constant temperature environment of 100 ℃, and processing the surface images of the test piece respectively obtained by two adjacent time nodes by using a PIV technology, so as to obtain displacement scalars of different aggregates on the surface of the test piece in the time period: and (3) corresponding the gradient color between black and white to the displacement scalar value, displaying the displacement scalar of each pixel point in a gray scale graph, and when the displacement of each pixel point of the images shot at two adjacent time points does not occur, namely the displacement of each aggregate on the surface of the test piece in the two adjacent time nodes is zero, displaying the gray scale graph as black at the moment, so that the displacement of each point on the surface of the test piece is determined to reach a stable state, and determining the next time node of the two adjacent time nodes as the displacement stable time.
The specific steps of determining the time for stabilizing the displacement of the upper surface of the test piece by using the PIV method in the step (2) are as follows:
step 1: the time of starting the experiment is marked as 0 time, and an industrial camera is used for taking a picture every 10 minutes from the time when the test piece is placed in a constant temperature environment to obtain a surface image of the test piece;
step 2: before processing pictures using PIV software, according to the diameter of the cutting ring
And the number of pixel points contained in the diameter length in the picture, and defining the length of a single pixel point of the picture;
step 3: determining a scalar maximum value according to the maximum increment displacement scalar of the expansive soil area, and defining the scalar maximum value as the scalar maximum value of the area; the size of the displacement scalar is divided by the color change of the gray map, in the gray map, the scalar maximum value is displayed as white, the scalar zero value is displayed as black, and the scalar intermediate value is displayed as gradient color, thereby defining the corresponding relation between the displacement scalar and the gray color;
step 4: when the experiment is carried out for 10min, two pictures taken at 0min and 10min can be passed
Processing by image processing software; similarly, when the experiment is carried out for 20min, two groups of pictures shot in 10min and 20min can be processed by software; the results of the 0min and 10min, 10min and 20min (20min and 30min, 30min and 40min …) processing are referred to as incremental displacement gray scale maps;
step 5: and counting the gray value of each pixel in the incremental displacement gray image, and when no displacement occurs to each pixel point of the images shot by two adjacent time nodes, namely the displacement of each aggregate on the inner surface in the time period is zero, displaying the gray image as black, so as to determine that the displacement of each point on the surface of the test piece reaches a stable state, and determining the later node in the time period as the displacement stabilization time.
(3) Calculating the average value of the accumulated displacement scalars on the surface of the test piece; and (3) counting the displacement scalars of all pixel points in the gray scale image, calculating a scalar mean value of the displacement scalars, defining the scalar mean value as an increment displacement scalar mean value, and accumulating the increment displacement scalar mean value in the gray scale image obtained before the stabilization time according to the displacement stabilization time obtained in the step (2) to obtain an accumulated displacement scalar mean value.
(4) Testing the free expansion rate of the test piece; and (3) testing the free expansion rate of the test piece soil samples with different expansion grades according to the free expansion rate test steps in appendix D in the expansive soil area building technical Specification.
(5) Establishing a relation between the average value of the accumulated displacement scalar quantity of the surface of the test piece and the free expansion rate; and linearly fitting the correlation state between the average value of the accumulated displacement scalar on the surface of the test piece and the free expansion rate of the soil sample of the test piece to obtain a linear correlation empirical model.
(6) Calculating a correction coefficient of the influence of the water content of the soil sample on the average value of the accumulated displacement scalar on the surface of the undisturbed sample of the expansive soil; and (3) saturating the undisturbed soil sample with the same free expansion rate result, air-drying the undisturbed soil sample to different water contents, respectively manufacturing samples, covering the upper surface of each sample with standard sand with a single-layer grain size of 0.075-0.25 mm, identifying the surface of each sample as a combination consisting of granules with different characteristics, performing the step (2) and the step (3) of the test on the sample, obtaining a surface accumulative displacement scalar average value, and establishing a corresponding relation between the initial water content and the surface accumulative displacement scalar average value to obtain an initial water content correction coefficient based on a linear correlation empirical model of the saturated undisturbed sample.
(7) Judging the expansibility of the expansive soil on site; according to the steps (1) to (3), manufacturing an undisturbed soil sample test piece on site, and obtaining an average value of accumulated displacement scalars on the surface of the test piece; measuring the initial water content of the soil sample according to an alcohol combustion method; and (5) according to the step (5) and the step (6), obtaining the free expansion rate of the soil sample through the linear correlation empirical model and the initial water content correction, and judging the expansibility of the soil sample.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A expansive soil field distinguishing method based on a PIV technology is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) manufacturing a saturated test piece of an undisturbed sample of expansive soil, wherein the test piece is sampled from the undisturbed soil sample by a steel mould, the steel mould is cylindrical, the diameter of the steel mould is 61.8mm, the height of the steel mould is 10mm, one end of the steel mould is open and is set as a cutting edge, and the other end of the steel mould is closed;
(2) respectively placing the test piece obtained in the step (1) in a constant temperature environment of 100 ℃, and processing the surface images of the test piece respectively obtained by two adjacent time nodes by using a particle image velocimetry technology, so as to obtain displacement scalars of different aggregates on the surface of the test piece in the time period: the gradual change color between black and white corresponds to the displacement scalar value, so that the displacement scalar of each pixel point is displayed in the form of a gray scale graph, when each pixel point of images shot at two adjacent time points does not have displacement, namely the displacement of each aggregate on the surface of the test piece at the two adjacent time points is zero, the gray scale graph is displayed to be black, the displacement of each point on the surface of the test piece is determined to reach a stable state, and the next time node of the two adjacent time nodes is determined as the displacement stable time;
(3) calculating the average value of the accumulated displacement scalars on the surface of the test piece;
(4) testing the free expansion rate of the test piece;
(5) establishing a relation between the average value of the accumulated displacement scalar quantity of the surface of the test piece and the free expansion rate;
(6) calculating a correction coefficient of the influence of the water content of the soil sample on the average value of the accumulated displacement scalar on the surface of the undisturbed sample of the expansive soil;
(7) and (4) field judgment of the expansibility of the expansive soil.
2. The expansive soil site distinguishing method based on the PIV technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the specific method of the step (1) comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of taking undisturbed soil samples with different expansion grades, taking the undisturbed soil samples with different expansion grades as test pieces after the undisturbed soil samples are saturated, and covering a single layer of standard sand with the grain diameter of 0.075-0.25 mm on the upper surface of each test piece for marking the surface of each test piece as a combination consisting of granules with different characteristics.
3. The expansive soil site distinguishing method based on the PIV technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the specific method of the step (3) is as follows: and (3) counting the displacement scalars of all pixel points in the gray scale image, calculating a scalar mean value of the displacement scalars, defining the scalar mean value as an increment displacement scalar mean value, and accumulating the increment displacement scalar mean value in the gray scale image obtained before the stabilization time according to the displacement stabilization time obtained in the step (2) to obtain an accumulated displacement scalar mean value.
4. The expansive soil site distinguishing method based on the PIV technology as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the specific method of the step (4) comprises the following steps: and (3) testing the free expansion rate of the test piece soil samples with different expansion grades according to the free expansion rate test steps in appendix D in the expansive soil area building technical Specification.
5. The expansive soil site distinguishing method based on the PIV technology as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the specific method of the step (5) is as follows: and linearly fitting the correlation state between the average value of the accumulated displacement scalar on the surface of the test piece and the free expansion rate of the soil sample of the test piece to obtain a linear correlation empirical model.
6. The expansive soil site distinguishing method based on the PIV technology as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the specific method of the step (6) is as follows: and (3) saturating the undisturbed soil sample with the same free expansion rate result, air-drying the undisturbed soil sample to different water contents, respectively manufacturing samples, covering the upper surface of each sample with standard sand with a single-layer grain size of 0.075-0.25 mm, identifying the surface of each sample as a combination consisting of granules with different characteristics, performing the step (2) and the step (3) of the test on the sample, obtaining a surface accumulative displacement scalar average value, and establishing a corresponding relation between the initial water content and the surface accumulative displacement scalar average value to obtain an initial water content correction coefficient based on a linear correlation empirical model of the saturated undisturbed sample.
7. The expansive soil site distinguishing method based on the PIV technology as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the specific method of the step (7) is as follows: according to the steps (1) to (3), manufacturing an undisturbed soil sample test piece on site, and obtaining an average value of accumulated displacement scalars on the surface of the test piece; measuring the initial water content of the soil sample according to an alcohol combustion method; and (5) according to the step (5) and the step (6), obtaining the free expansion rate of the soil sample through the linear correlation empirical model and the initial water content correction, and judging the expansibility of the soil sample.
8. The expansive soil site distinguishing method based on the PIV technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the specific steps of determining the time for stabilizing the displacement of the upper surface of the test piece by using the PIV method in the step (2) are as follows:
step 1: acquiring surface images of the test piece by using an industrial camera within equal time intervals from the moment when the test piece is placed in a constant temperature environment, wherein the time intervals can be 5-10 min;
step 2: defining the length of a single pixel point of a picture according to the diameter of the cutting ring and the number of pixel points contained in the diameter length in the picture;
step 3: determining a scalar maximum value according to the maximum increment displacement scalar of the expansive soil area, and defining the scalar maximum value as the scalar maximum value of the area; the size of the displacement scalar is divided by the color change of the gray map, in the gray map, the scalar maximum value is displayed as white, the scalar zero value is displayed as black, and the scalar intermediate value is displayed as gradient color, thereby defining the corresponding relation between the displacement scalar and the gray color;
step 4: processing the surface image of the test piece shot at the adjacent moment by utilizing a particle image velocimetry technology to obtain an incremental displacement gray scale map;
step 5: when the pixel points of the images shot at two adjacent time points do not displace, namely the displacement of each aggregate on the inner surface in the time period is zero, the gray level image is displayed to be black, the displacement of each point on the surface of the test piece is determined to reach a stable state, and the node after the time period is determined as the displacement stabilization time.
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| CN102297879B (en) * | 2010-06-28 | 2013-06-05 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Method for rapidly discriminating expansive soil (rock) on site by use of soil electrical conductivity |
| CN103091323A (en) * | 2013-01-07 | 2013-05-08 | 河海大学 | Method for testing swell-shrink characteristics characterization parameters of cohesive soil |
| CN103439756B (en) * | 2013-07-31 | 2016-02-10 | 中国人民解放军理工大学 | A kind of natural precipitation particle Microphysical Characteristics measuring method based on Particle Image Velocity |
| CN103776984B (en) * | 2014-02-24 | 2015-07-22 | 黑龙江省水利科学研究院 | Joint test device and method for expansion and frost heaving of soil body |
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| CN104614507A (en) * | 2015-01-30 | 2015-05-13 | 武汉三源特种建材有限责任公司 | Determination method for restrained expansion rate and expansion rate of expansive concrete from plasticity to hardening |
| CN104914008A (en) * | 2015-06-11 | 2015-09-16 | 同济大学 | Quasi-rectangular shield soil chamber residue soil flow characteristic visualization observation test system and method |
| CN105044308B (en) * | 2015-08-05 | 2017-09-05 | 广西大学 | Expansive Soil Judgment sorting technique based on physicochemical characteristics |
| US9803329B1 (en) * | 2016-06-09 | 2017-10-31 | King Saud University | Expansive soil resistant foundation system |
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