CN104142356B - Salty-cold district canal for water conveyance freeze thawing distortion centrifuge modelling system - Google Patents
Salty-cold district canal for water conveyance freeze thawing distortion centrifuge modelling system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Salty-cold district canal for water conveyance freeze thawing distortion centrifuge modelling system, comprise hydro-extractor, model casing, cooling water circulation unit and temperature controller, described model casing is made up of outer container, interior case and Sandwich filling material, for arranging channel model; Described cooling water circulation unit is made up of the semiconductor chilling plate of some series connection and water cooling plant, and described water cooling plant comprises water pipe, water pump and water tank; Described temperature controller, for the environment temperature set and in monitoring model case, realizes Reality simulation site environment temperature; Described model casing is arranged in the hanging basket of hydro-extractor, and described semiconductor chilling plate is fixed on the top in model casing, and described water circulation cooling device is arranged on hydro-extractor pivoted arm; The cold plate of described semiconductor chilling plate absorbs the heat of channel model downwards, and the heat sink of described semiconductor chilling plate is dispelled the heat by water circulation cooling device.The invention solves the technical barrier of canal for water conveyance frost heave-thaw collapse process simulation and test under super gravity field effect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of physical model experiment system be applied on geotechnical centrifuge, specifically a kind of simulation experiment system that can realize Frozen-thawed cycled on hydro-extractor, be specifically designed to the research of the frost heave-thaw collapse deformation characteristic of simulation cold district canal for water conveyance.
Background technology
Northern China cold district is distributed with wide frozen soil, only ever frost area just accounts for the last 1/5 of area, when frost penetration is more than 0.5m, obvious freezing-thawing effect will be there is, unfreezing can cause the distortion of canal for water conveyance canal base soil, makes to cover canal for water conveyance lining cutting and conjugates, swells and even damage.The main cause that China cold district channel damages be exactly be canal base soil frost heave caused by, more than 40% of channel destroying total amount is accounted for because canal frost heave destroys the damage caused, the expense damaged for the treatment of channel every year exceedes 60% of total upkeep cost, has had a strong impact on the normal operation of channel.
To the research of canal for water conveyance Freeze-thawing Characteristics, mainly adopt self frost heaving characteristic of indoor unit experimental study canal base soil at present, minority scholar have employed the method for field measurement, but the former in stress state and time simulation etc. and actual conditions difference very large, the discussion of canal base soil unit freeze thawing basic law can only be used as, and field measurement need set up test monitoring section at the scene, waste time and energy, the cycle is long, costly.Therefore, the physical experiments of carrying out canal for water conveyance freeze thawing in indoor is a kind of effective research method.
The physical simulation experiment method at present canal for water conveyance Freeze-thawing Characteristics studied, all test under normal stress state (1g), this analogy method mainly exists two large not enough: (1) often takes the factor as the leading factor due to soil body gravity stress in Geotechnical Engineering, occupy ascendancy, and indoor small physical experiments cannot true reappearance canal base soil true stress state, test findings is compared with the freezing-thawing condition of actual canal and still has bigger difference; (2) under normal stress state in physical experiments, realize channel freeze thawing generally to complete in several days even several hours, and the time of some months is often experienced in the freeze thawing of actual channel, in the time span simulation of channel freeze thawing, the model test under the normal stress condition of 1g is obviously difficult to react true freeze thawing time span.Geotechnical centrifuge carries out physical experiments, on the one hand by arranging model scale N, not only can react the channel freezing-thawing condition under true stress state, and (the prototype true freeze thawing time is the N of model casing time to can be implemented in freeze thawing time span under the time span reaction prototype truth of in hydro-extractor freeze thawing model casing several hours
2doubly).Therefore, no matter be the time span that stress state or channel freeze thawing are experienced, hydro-extractor carries out the physical experiments of channel freeze thawing, reaction actual channel freeze thawing situation that can be good.
Hydro-extractor carries out the simulation of channel Frozen-thawed cycled, key realizes significantly temperature variation interval (negative 40 DEG C-30 DEG C), the method realizing subzero temperature at present under normal stress state mainly contains compression mechanism cold-peace liquid nitrogen refrigerating two kinds of methods, the volume of compression mechanism cool equipment own is larger, can not inclination flip, and can only freeze, cannot pyrogenicity, the working environment of hydro-extractor can not be adapted to; And liquid nitrogen refrigerating, need high-pressure refrigeration equipment, the connection of pipeline is very complicated, is also difficult to apply after the match at hydro-extractor.Patent of the present invention have employed a kind of method of semiconductor chilling plate as refrigeration system utilizing paltie effect, and adopts circulating water cooling system to take away heat, thus realizes the freeze thawing at the centrifugal force field channel of hypergravity.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide and a kind ofly can be used for channel freeze thawing simulation system in geotechnical centrifugal model test and method, this system can work in up to the centrifugal force field of 50g, realize the temperature variation environment of-40 DEG C to 30 DEG C, and can circulate, for the research of the frost heave-thaw collapse characteristic of cold district canal base soil provides scientific method by thawing.The technical scheme realizing the object of the invention is:
Salty-cold district canal for water conveyance freeze thawing distortion centrifuge modelling system, comprise hydro-extractor, model casing, cooling water circulation unit and temperature controller, described model casing is made up of outer container, interior case and Sandwich filling material, for arranging channel model; Described cooling water circulation unit is made up of the semiconductor chilling plate of some series connection and water cooling plant, and described water cooling plant comprises water pipe, water pump and water tank; Model casing outside is located at by described temperature controller, for the environment temperature set and in monitoring model case, realizes Reality simulation site environment temperature;
Described temperature controller, uses high-accuracy intelligent PID temperature controller, can displays temperature again can control temperature, realize refrigerator refrigerate/heat automatic conversion and control by control circuit; PID self-setting function has calculating rate of temperature fall and control objectives temperature function automatically, automatically provides temperature preset value interval, refrigerator is worked in preset value interval, guarantees that equipment continues refrigerating/heating after reaching preset temperature.
Described model casing is arranged in the hanging basket of hydro-extractor, and described semiconductor chilling plate is fixed on the top in model casing, and described water circulation cooling device is arranged on hydro-extractor pivoted arm; The cold plate of described semiconductor chilling plate absorbs the heat of channel model downwards, and the heat sink of described semiconductor chilling plate is dispelled the heat by water circulation cooling device.
As a further improvement on the present invention, be also provided with air cooled condenser in described water cooling plant, air cooled condenser is fixed on above hydro-extractor pivoted arm, rotates the wind-force produced reduce recirculated water water temperature further for utilizing hydro-extractor.
As a further improvement on the present invention, described model casing is provided with double-decker, and inside is provided with channel model.
As a further improvement on the present invention, special sensor support system is provided with in described channel model, for mounting temperature sensor and displacement transducer, described salty-cold district canal for water conveyance freeze thawing distortion centrifuge modelling system is also provided with computer control system, for showing, recording and output device running parameter, the temperature variation of soil body different depth and change in displacement.
The key problem in technology that in centrifugal model, Frozen-thawed cycled realizes is the Rapid Thermal exchange process under super gravity field, this centrifugal model freeze thawing modular system utilizes the analogue formation such as high-strength stainless steel and high insulation material case, adopt semiconductor heat power board fast-refrigerating, canal cross section is simulated in model casing, sensors observe canal base soil temperature degree and frost heave-thaw collapse distortion is buried underground, to solve the canal base soil freeze thawing deformation test difficulty in frozen-thaw process under centrifugal force field in channel.The hydro-extractor freeze thawing simulation experiment system of the Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute utilizing the present invention to build, simulate the frozen swell and melt settlement situation of Xinjiang region canal for water conveyance, different centrifugal accelerations is provided with during test, the highest centrifugal acceleration reaches 50g, and result shows that this system may be used for the research of cold district canal base soil frozen swell and melt settlement characteristic.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention 1;
Fig. 2 is the channel model experiment figure under 20g value condition;
Fig. 3 is that in channel model, sectional view arranged by sensor;
Fig. 4 is the control circuit schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 1;
In figure: 1-hydro-extractor, 2-temperature controller, 3-cooling water circulation unit, 4-simulation box, 5-computer control system, 8-control cables, 9-micro-controlled joint, 12-hanging basket, 31-semiconductor chilling plate, 32-water cooling plant, 100-road freeze thawing distortion centrifuge modelling tests system, 321-water pipe, 322-water pump, 323-water tank, 324-air cooled condenser, S-displacement transducer, T-temperature sensor.
Embodiment
Be described further below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
As shown in Figure 1, salty-cold district canal for water conveyance freeze thawing distortion centrifuge modelling system 100, comprise hydro-extractor 1, model casing 4, cooling water circulation unit 3, temperature controller 2 and computer control system 5, model casing 4 is made up of outer container, Sandwich filling material between interior case and interior outer container, arranges channel model in model casing 4.Cooling water circulation unit 3 is made up of the semiconductor chilling plate 31 of some series connection and water cooling plant 32, and water cooling plant 32 comprises water pipe 321, water pump 322, air cooled condenser 324 and water tank 323.The environment temperature of temperature controller (not shown) for setting and in monitoring model case, realizes Reality simulation site environment temperature.
Cooling water circulation unit 3: adopt semiconductor chilling plate refrigeration, it is without any need for cold-producing medium, only need energising can realize fast cooling and intensification, and its volume is little, does not slide and rotary part, is particularly suitable for continuous working under centrifugal force field.The present invention adopts 12 block semiconductor cooling pieces 31, is connected in series between semiconductor chilling plate 31.Water cooling plant is made up of water pipe 321,4 water pumps 322,2 condensers 324 and 1 water tank 323, semiconductor chilling plate 31 is fixed on the top in model casing 4, the transmission of cold passes downwardly through transfer of air to channel model by semiconductor chilling plate 31, therefore, realized by the top-down mode of soil body surface to the simulation of canal frozen base soil and melting process, consistent with the process of actual freezing soil.Water pump 322, air cooled condenser 324 and water tank 323 are fixed on hydro-extractor pivoted arm 11, are connected to semiconductor chilling plate 31 heat sink of model casing inside by water pipe 321.In process of the test, the heat produced in semiconductor chilling plate 31 temperature-fall period opened by water pump 322 and water tank 323 after water circulation taken away, and can require to open the water pump 322 of varying number according to cooling rate.Air cooled condenser 324 is arranged on centrifuge arm, and the wind utilizing hydro-extractor to rotate generation reduces the temperature of recirculated water further.
Semiconductor chilling plate 31 is electric current transducing matrix parts, by the control to input current, can realize high-precision temperature and control, add temperature measurement and control means, is easy to realize remote control, program control, computing machine control, is convenient to form automatic control system.Semiconductor chilling plate 31 thermal inertia is very little, and the cooling and warming time is very fast, and when the good cold junction zero load of hot-side heat dissipation, be energized less than one minute, cooling piece just can reach maximum temperature difference.
Model casing 4: model casing 4 is made up of outer container, Sandwich filling material between interior case and interior outer container.Outer container be high-strength stainless steel material to ensure enough rigidity, can use safely under centrifugal force field; Interior case is made by high frost resistance aerial organic glass, has good temp. variation resistant and high-intensity performance; Sandwich filling height insulation polyurethane foam plastics material.Making like this, the model casing of outer container, interior case and central filler material composition is overall, and meet the requirement of strength and stiffness, there is again good thermal and insulating performance, lay temperature sensor T and displacement transducer S in model casing 4 to test temperature field and the freeze thawing distortion of canal base soil in frozen-thaw process.During test, model casing 4 fixed placement is in the hanging basket 12 of hydro-extractor, and as shown in Figure 4, the outside of model casing 4 is located at by temperature controller 2, for the environment temperature set and in monitoring model case 4, realizes Reality simulation site environment temperature.The control cables 8 of temperature sensor, displacement transducer is passed by the hole that model casing 4 top is reserved, is connected with computer control system 5 through micro-controlled joint 9, and sensor is used for the engineering parameter such as temperature, displacement in timely monitor model.Information for display and recording unit running parameter and soil body different depth temperature variation and change in displacement, and can be exported record by computer control system 5.
This centrifugal model test freeze thawing simulation system is utilized to carry out the step of canal for water conveyance canal base soil freeze thawing simulation process research as follows:
(1) preparation before experiment
1. according to the cross dimensions of simulated channel, in conjunction with model box size and the maximum centrifugal acceleration of hydro-extractor, determine suitable model scale N, according to similarity criterion, if the cross dimensions of prototype is A, then the cross dimensions in model is A/N;
2. according to similar scale, calculate model canal cross section size, the soil body of prior deployed water percentage is controlled analogue formation channel according to dry density;
3. in the process making channel model, the thermo parameters method situation studied as required, at the bottom of canal and the different depth on canal slope bury temperature sensor underground, such as can bury underground at different depths such as 0.2m, 0.5m, 1.0m, 2.0m at the bottom of prototype canal;
4. to the simulation of channel surface concrete liner plate, due to the canal for water conveyance of reality, liner plate all adopts concrete for making, thickness is generally at about 10cm, structural shape has prefabricated six rib block and In-situ cast concrete boards, due to the specific heat capacity of metal material and concrete material difference larger, in order to simulate channel temperature variation more really, therefore, lay the concrete block after adopting reduced scale on the surface of model channel and carry out Reality simulation channel, the channel model 42 installed in the model groove 41 in model casing 4 as shown in Figure 2;
5. after channel model liner plate has been laid, installation position displacement sensor and temperature sensor.Because the mounting hole of model casing 4 top offset sensor is vertically downward, with channel plane perpendicular, and angled with channel side slopes, therefore, for the shift value of measured channel side slopes, the frost heave displacement of domatic canal base soil after should being converted by geometric relationship, just can be obtained.If domatic slope angle is θ, the vertical displacement value recorded by displacement meter is v, then can convert according to geometric relationship obtains domatic frost heave displacement and be
.In channel, the mounting arrangements of displacement transducer S1, S2 and temperature sensor T1-T7 is as Fig. 3.
(2) the single thermal exchange of channel is simulated
1. assembled by the model casing containing the channel completed, the temperature that setting completed and displacement transducer, check the connection of each testing element, after installing, its cable should carry out tying up protection, prevents centrifugal force from damaging it;
2. adopt polyurethane foam plastics to carry out isothermal holding to the gap of refrigerator and model casing, then with insulating tape by sealing gap, prevent cold scatter and disappear;
3. check the connection of cooling water circulation system, open temp controller, design temperature desired value also carries out the startup preliminary work of hydro-extractor;
4. turn-on data acquisition system, according to time similarity guide t/N
2relation calculates freeze-off time and the thawing time of single, and is carried out the setting of one-period freeze thawing temperature and time by temperature controller;
5. start hydro-extractor, carry out the collection of temperature and deformation data, until complete the test of a freezing and thawing cycle;
6. analyzing testing the temperature, the frost-heaving and thawing displacement that collect, summing up the Changing Pattern of canal frost heave thaw collapse displacement.
(3) process of freeze/thaw cycle repeatedly of channel is simulated
1. about testing the contents such as the front making of model channel, the installation of model casing and hydro-extractor startup see the content in above-mentioned (1) and (2);
2. combine the freezing-thawing weather conditions of the actual canal engineering studied, according to time similarity guide, control multigelation cycle index and freeze thawing time by temperature controller;
3. because the longer meeting of Frozen-thawed cycled cycle causes Centrifuge Room temperature to rise comparatively fast, when water tank temperature rises very high (>25 DEG C) in discovery circulation, then carry out shutdown and change water, need between down period to ensure that whole model casing is sealing;
4. analyzing testing the temperature, the frost-heaving and thawing displacement that collect, summing up the change in displacement rule in channel multigelation situation.
Claims (5)
1. salty-cold district canal for water conveyance freeze thawing distortion centrifuge modelling system, comprise hydro-extractor, model casing, cooling water circulation unit and temperature controller, it is characterized in that, described model casing is made up of outer container, interior case and Sandwich filling material, for arranging channel model; Described cooling water circulation unit is made up of the semiconductor chilling plate of some series connection and water cooling plant, and described water cooling plant comprises water pipe, water pump and water tank; Described temperature controller is arranged on model casing outside, for the environment temperature set and in monitoring model case, realizes Reality simulation site environment temperature;
Described model casing is arranged in the hanging basket of hydro-extractor, and described semiconductor chilling plate is fixed on the top in model casing, and described water circulation cooling device is arranged on hydro-extractor pivoted arm; The cold plate of described semiconductor chilling plate absorbs the heat of channel model downwards, and the heat sink of described semiconductor chilling plate is dispelled the heat by water circulation cooling device.
2. salty-cold district according to claim 1 canal for water conveyance freeze thawing distortion centrifuge modelling system, it is characterized in that, be also provided with air cooled condenser in described water cooling plant, air cooled condenser is fixed on above hydro-extractor pivoted arm.
3. salty-cold district according to claim 1 canal for water conveyance freeze thawing distortion centrifuge modelling system, is characterized in that, be provided with channel model in described model casing.
4. salty-cold district according to claim 1 canal for water conveyance freeze thawing distortion centrifuge modelling system, it is characterized in that, described salty-cold district canal for water conveyance freeze thawing distortion centrifuge modelling system is also provided with computer control system, for showing, recording and output device running parameter, the temperature variation of soil body different depth and change in displacement, temperature sensor and displacement transducer is provided with in described channel model, for temperature in timely monitor model and shift value, transfer to described computer control system.
5. salty-cold district according to claim 1 canal for water conveyance freeze thawing distortion centrifuge modelling system, it is characterized in that, described outer container adopts stainless steel material to make, and described interior case adopts frost resistance aerial organic glass to make, and described Sandwich filling material is polyurethane foam plastics.
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Inventor after: Cai Zhengyin Inventor after: Ren Guofeng Inventor after: Xu Hui Inventor after: Li Changling Inventor after: Cao Yongyong Inventor after: Zhan Xiaolei Inventor after: He Chuanqing Inventor after: Wang Huaiyi Inventor after: Liu Yufu Inventor after: Yang Guiquan Inventor after: Su Shan Inventor after: Huang Yinghao Inventor after: Luo Weilin Inventor after: Wan Lianbin Inventor after: Cai Zhengyin Huang Yinghao Hong Jianzhong Xu Guangming Zhang Chen Gu Hangwen Guan Yunfei Zhao Baozhong Wu Zhiqiang Xu Huili Chang Lingcao Yong Yong Zhan Xiaolei Ren Guo Feng He Chuanqing Wang Huaiyi Liu Yufu Yang Guiquan Susan Lo Valerie Lin Van Zhang Huilan Lianbin Inventor after: Hong Jianzhong Inventor after: Xu Guangming Inventor after: Zhang Chen Inventor after: Gu Xingwen Inventor after: Guan Yunfei Inventor after: Zhao Baozhong Inventor after: Wu Zhiqiang Inventor before: Cai Zhengyin Inventor before: Ren Guofeng Inventor before: Xu Hui Inventor before: Cai Zhengyin, Huang Yinghao, Hong Jianzhong, Xu Guangming, Gu Hangwen, Guan Yunfei, Zhao Baozhong, Wu Zhiqiang, Zhang Chen, Ren Wei, Xu Hui, Li Changling Inventor before: Huang Yinghao Inventor before: Hong Jianzhong Inventor before: Xu Guangming Inventor before: Zhang Chen Inventor before: Gu Xingwen Inventor before: Guan Yunfei Inventor before: Zhao Baozhong Inventor before: Wu Zhiqiang |
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Application publication date: 20141112 Assignee: Xinjiang Irtysh River Basin Development Engineering Construction Administration Assignor: Nanjing Institute of Water Conservancy Sciences, State Energy Bureau, Ministry of Transportation, Ministry of Water Conservancy Contract record no.: X2019650000007 Denomination of invention: Centrifugal simulation system for freeze thawing deformation of water conveyance canal in salty-cold region Granted publication date: 20151118 License type: Common License Record date: 20191030 |
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