CN104142356A - Centrifugal simulation system for freeze thawing deformation of water conveyance canal in salty-cold region - Google Patents
Centrifugal simulation system for freeze thawing deformation of water conveyance canal in salty-cold region Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a centrifugal simulation system for the freeze thawing deformation of a water conveyance canal in a salty-cold region. The centrifugal simulation system consists of a centrifugal machine, a model box, a water circulation refrigerating plant and a temperature controller, wherein the model box consists of an outer box, an inner box and an interlayer filling material and is used for setting a canal model; the water circulation refrigerating plant consists of multiple semiconductor refrigerating sheets connected with one another in series and a water cooling device; the water cooling device comprises a water pipe, a water pump and a water tank; the temperature controller is used for setting and monitoring the ambient temperature in the model box so as to simulate a real site environment temperature; the model box is arranged in a basket of the centrifugal machine; the semiconductor refrigerating sheets are fixed on the top in the model box; the water circulation cooling device is arranged on a rotating arm of the centrifugal machine; refrigeration plates of the semiconductor refrigerating sheets downwards absorb heat of the canal model; heat dissipation plates of the semiconductor refrigerating sheets dissipate heat through the water circulation cooling device. The technical problems of simulation and testing in the frost heaving-thaw collapse process of the water conveyance canal under the action of a hypergravity field are solved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of physical experiments system being applied on geotechnical centrifuge, a kind of simulation experiment system that can realize freeze thawing circulation on hydro-extractor specifically, is specifically designed to the research of frost heave-thaw collapse deformation characteristic of simulation cold district canal for water conveyance.
Background technology
Northern China cold district is distributed with wide frozen soil, only ever frost area just accounts for the last 1/5 of area, when the frozen soil degree of depth surpasses 0.5m, will there is obvious freezing-thawing effect, unfreezing can cause the distortion of canal for water conveyance canal base soil, makes to cover the even damage of canal for water conveyance lining cutting generation displacement, protuberance.The main cause that China cold district channel damages is exactly to be due to the frost heave of canal base soil, because destroying the damage causing, canal frost heave accounts for the more than 40% of channel destroying total amount, the expense of damaging for the treatment of channel every year surpasses 60% of total upkeep cost, has had a strong impact on the normal operation of channel.
Research to canal for water conveyance Freeze-thawing Characteristics, mainly to adopt indoor unit experimental study canal base soil self frost heaving characteristic at present, minority scholar has adopted the method for field measurement, but the former is very large at the aspects such as stress state and time simulation and actual conditions difference, can only be as the discussion of canal base soil unit freeze thawing basic law, and field measurement need be set up test monitoring section at the scene, waste time and energy, the cycle is long, expense is high.Therefore in indoor physical experiments of carrying out canal for water conveyance freeze thawing, be, a kind of effective research method.
The physical simulation experiment method of at present canal for water conveyance Freeze-thawing Characteristics being studied, all to test under normal stress state (1g), mainly there are two large deficiencies in this analogy method: (1) is because soil body gravity stress in Geotechnical Engineering is often taken the factor as the leading factor, occupy ascendancy, and indoor small-sized physical model test cannot true reappearance canal base soil true stress state, the freezing-thawing condition of test findings and actual canal is compared and is still had bigger difference; (2) under normal stress state in physical experiments, realizing channel freeze thawing generally even completed in several hours at several days, and the time of some months is often experienced in the freeze thawing of actual channel, aspect the time span simulation of channel freeze thawing, the model test under the normal stress condition of 1g is obviously difficult to react true freeze thawing time span.On geotechnical centrifuge, carry out physical experiments, on the one hand by model scale N is set, not only can react the channel freezing-thawing condition under true stress state, and (the true freeze thawing of the prototype time is the N of model casing time can to realize in hydro-extractor freeze thawing model casing freeze thawing time span under the time span reaction prototype truth of several hours
2doubly).Therefore, no matter be the time span that stress state or channel freeze thawing are experienced, the physical experiments of carrying out channel freeze thawing on hydro-extractor, the actual channel freeze thawing of reaction situation that can be good.
On hydro-extractor, carry out the simulation of channel freeze thawing circulation, key is to realize significantly temperature variation interval (negative 40 ℃-30 ℃), the method that realizes at present subzero temperature under normal stress state mainly contains two kinds of methods of compression mechanism cold-peace liquid nitrogen refrigerating, the volume of compression mechanism cool equipment own is larger, can not inclination flip, and can only freeze, cannot pyrogenicity, can not adapt to the working environment of hydro-extractor; And liquid nitrogen refrigerating needs high-pressure refrigeration equipment, the connection of pipeline is very complicated, is also difficult to apply after the match at hydro-extractor.Patent of the present invention has adopted a kind of semiconductor chilling plate of paltie effect that utilizes as the method for refrigeration system, and adopts circulating water cooling system to take away heat, thereby realizes the freeze thawing at the centrifugal force field channel of hypergravity.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of channel freeze thawing simulation system and method can be used in geotechnical centrifugal model test, this system can be worked in the centrifugal force field up to 50g, realize the temperature variation environment of-40 ℃ to 30 ℃, and can thawing circulation, for the research of frost heave-thaw collapse characteristic of cold district canal base soil provides scientific method.
The technical scheme that realizes the object of the invention is:
Salty-cold district canal for water conveyance freeze thawing distortion centrifuge modelling system, is comprised of hydro-extractor, model casing, cooling water circulation unit and temperature controller, and described model casing is comprised of outer container, interior case and Sandwich filling material, for channel model is set; Described cooling water circulation unit is comprised of semiconductor chilling plate and the water cooling plant of some series connection, and described water cooling plant comprises water pipe, water pump and water tank; Described temperature controller comprises temperature controller and sensor, for the setting of freeze thawing circulation time temperature and time and collection and the transmission of temperature data;
Described temperature controller, uses high-accuracy intelligent PID temperature controller, can control temperature again by displays temperature, by control circuit, realizes the automatic conversion and control of refrigerator refrigerating/heating; PID self-setting function has automatic calculating rate of temperature fall and controls target temperature function, reaches that automatically to provide temperature preset value after preset temperature interval, and refrigerator is worked in preset value interval, guarantees that equipment continues refrigerating/heating.
Described model casing is arranged in the hanging basket of hydro-extractor, and described semiconductor chilling plate is fixed on the top in model casing, and described water circulation cooling device is arranged on hydro-extractor pivoted arm; The cold plate of described semiconductor chilling plate absorbs the heat of channel model downwards, and the heat sink of described semiconductor chilling plate dispels the heat by water circulation cooling device.
As a further improvement on the present invention, be also provided with air cooled condenser in described water cooling plant, air cooled condenser is fixed on above hydro-extractor pivoted arm, for the wind-force that utilizes hydro-extractor rotation to produce, further reduces recirculated water water temperature.
As a further improvement on the present invention, described model casing is provided with double-decker, and inside is provided with channel model.
As a further improvement on the present invention, in described channel model, be provided with special sensor support system, for mounting temperature sensor and displacement transducer, described salty-cold district canal for water conveyance freeze thawing distortion centrifuge modelling system is also provided with computer control system, for showing, temperature variation and the change in displacement of record and output device running parameter, soil body different depth.
The key problem in technology that in centrifugal model, freeze thawing circulation realizes is the Rapid Thermal exchange process under super gravity field, this centrifugal model freeze thawing modular system utilizes the analogue formation casees such as high-strength stainless steel and high insulation material, adopt semiconductor heat power board fast-refrigerating, in model casing, simulate canal cross section, in channel, bury sensor observation canal base soil temperature degree and frost heave-thaw collapse distortion underground, to solve the soil of the canal base in frozen-thaw process freeze thawing deformation test difficulty under centrifugal force field.Utilize the hydro-extractor freeze thawing simulation experiment system of Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute that the present invention builds, simulated the frozen swell and melt settlement situation of Xinjiang region canal for water conveyance, during test, be provided with different centrifugal accelerations, the highest centrifugal acceleration reaches 50 g, and result shows that this system can be for the research of cold district canal base soil frozen swell and melt settlement characteristic.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention 1;
Fig. 2 is the channel model experiment figure under 20g value condition;
Fig. 3 is that in channel model, sensor is arranged sectional view;
Fig. 4 is the control circuit schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 1;
In figure: 1-hydro-extractor, 2-temperature controller, 3-cooling water circulation unit, 4-simulation box, 5-computer control system, 8-control cables, 9-micro-controlled joint, 12-hanging basket, 31-semiconductor chilling plate, 32-water cooling plant, 100-road freeze thawing distortion centrifuge modelling tests system, 321-water pipe, 322-water pump, 323-water tank, 324-air cooled condenser, S-displacement transducer, T-temperature sensor.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, be described further.
As shown in Figure 1, salty-cold district canal for water conveyance freeze thawing distortion centrifuge modelling system 100, by hydro-extractor 1, model casing 4, cooling water circulation unit 3, temperature controller 2 and computer control system 5, formed, model casing 4 is comprised of the Sandwich filling material between outer container, interior case and interior outer container, the interior channel model that arranges of model casing 4.Cooling water circulation unit 3 is comprised of semiconductor chilling plate 31 and the water cooling plant 32 of some series connection, and water cooling plant 32 comprises water pipe 321, water pump 322, air cooled condenser 324 and water tank 323.Temperature controller (not shown) comprises temperature controller and temperature sensor, for the setting of freeze thawing circulation time temperature and time and collection and the transmission of temperature data.
Cooling water circulation unit 3: adopt semiconductor chilling plate refrigeration, it only need energising can realize fast cooling and intensification, and its volume is little without any need for cold-producing medium, does not slide and rotary part, is particularly suitable for continuous working under centrifugal force field.The present invention adopts 12 block semiconductor cooling pieces 31, and 31 of semiconductor chilling plates are connected in series.Water cooling plant is comprised of 322,2 condensers 324 of 321,4 water pumps of water pipe and 1 water tank 323, semiconductor chilling plate 31 is fixed on the top in model casing 4, the transmission of cold by semiconductor chilling plate 31 downwards by transfer of air to channel model, therefore, to the simulation of canal frozen base soil and melting process, be to be realized by the top-down mode of soil body surface, consistent with the process of actual freezing soil.Water pump 322, air cooled condenser 324 and water tank 323 are fixed on hydro-extractor pivoted arm 11, are connected to semiconductor chilling plate 31 heat sinks of model casing inside by water pipe 321.In process of the test, the water circulation after the heat producing in semiconductor chilling plate 31 temperature-fall periods is opened by water pump 322 and water tank 323 is taken away, and can open according to refrigeration rate requirement the water pump 322 of varying number.Air cooled condenser 324 is arranged on centrifuge arm, and the wind that utilizes hydro-extractor rotation to produce further reduces the temperature of recirculated water.
Semiconductor chilling plate 31 is electric current transducing matrix parts, by the control to input current, can realize high-precision temperature and control, and adds temperature measurement and control means, is easy to realize remote control, program control, computer control, is convenient to form automatic control system.Semiconductor chilling plate 31 thermal inertias are very little, and the cooling and warming time is very fast, and the in the situation that of the good cold junction zero load of hot-side heat dissipation, energising was less than one minute, and cooling piece just can reach maximum temperature difference.
Model casing 4: model casing 4 is comprised of the Sandwich filling material between outer container, interior case and interior outer container.Outer container be high-strength stainless steel material to ensure enough rigidity, can under centrifugal force field, use safely; Interior case is made by high frost resistance aerial organic glass, has good temp. variation resistant and high-intensity performance; The high insulation polyurethane foam plastics of Sandwich filling material.So make, the model casing that outer container, interior case and middle packing material form is whole, and meet the requirement of strength and stiffness, and there is again good thermal and insulating performance, in model casing 4, lay temperature sensor T and displacement transducer S with temperature field and the freeze thawing distortion of canal base soil in test frozen-thaw process.During test, model casing 4 fixed placement are in the hanging basket 12 of hydro-extractor, and as shown in Figure 4, temperature controller 2 is located at the outside of model casing 4, for set and monitoring model case 4 in environment temperature, realize Reality simulation site environment temperature.The control cables 8 of temperature sensor, displacement transducer passes by reserved hole, model casing 4 tops, through micro-controlled joint 9, is connected with computer control system 5, and sensor is for engineering parameters such as timely monitor model temperature, displacements.Computer control system 5 is for showing and recording unit running parameter and soil body different depth temperature variation and change in displacement, and information can be exported to record.
Utilize this centrifugal model test freeze thawing simulation system to carry out the step of canal for water conveyance canal base soil freeze thawing simulation process research as follows:
(1) preparation before experiment
1. according to the cross dimensions of simulated channel, in conjunction with model casing size and the maximum centrifugal acceleration of hydro-extractor, determine suitable model scale N, according to similarity criterion, if the cross dimensions of prototype is A, the cross dimensions in model is A/N;
2. according to similar guide, calculate model canal cross section size, the soil body of prior deployed water percentage is controlled to analogue formation channel according to dry density;
3. in making the process of channel model, the temperature field distribution situation of research as required, at the bottom of canal and the different depth on canal slope bury temperature sensor underground, such as burying underground at different depths such as 0.2m, 0.5m, 1.0m, 2.0m at the bottom of prototype canal;
4. the simulation to channel surface concrete lining plate, due to actual canal for water conveyance, liner plate all adopts concrete for making, thickness is generally in 10cm left and right, structural shape has prefabricated six rib piece and In-situ cast concrete boards, because specific heat capacity and the concrete material of metal material differs larger, in order to simulate more really channel temperature variation, therefore, on the surface of model channel, lay the concrete block adopting after reduced scale and carry out Reality simulation channel, the channel model 42 of the model groove 41 interior installations in model casing 4 as shown in Figure 2;
5. after channel model liner plate has been laid, installation position displacement sensor and temperature sensor.Because the mounting hole of model casing 4 top offset sensors is vertically downward, vertical with channel bottom surface, and angled with channel side slopes, therefore, for the shift value of measured channel side slopes, after should converting by geometric relationship, just can obtain the frost heave displacement of domatic canal base soil.If domatic slope angle is θ, the vertical displacement value being recorded by displacement meter is v, according to geometric relationship, can convert and obtain domatic frost heave displacement and be
.Displacement transducer S1 in channel, the mounting arrangements of S2 and temperature sensor T1-T7 is as Fig. 3.
(2) the single thermal exchange of simulation channel
1. by containing the channel that completes, the temperature that setting completed and the model casing of displacement transducer, assemble, check the connection of each testing element, after installing, its cable should be tied up protection, prevents that centrifugal force from damaging it;
2. to the gap of refrigerator and model casing, adopt polyurethane foam plastics be incubated processing, then with insulating tape by sealing gap, prevent the lost of cold;
3. check the connection of cooling water circulation system, open temp controller, design temperature desired value is also carried out the startup preliminary work of hydro-extractor;
4. turn-on data acquisition system, according to time similarity guide t/N
2relation is calculated freeze-off time and the thawing time of single, and by temperature controller, carries out the setting of one-period freeze thawing temperature and time;
5. start hydro-extractor, carry out the collection of temperature and deformation data, until complete the test of a freezing and thawing cycle;
6. the temperature, frost heave and the thaw collapse displacement that test are collected are analyzed, and sum up the Changing Pattern of canal frost heave thaw collapse displacement.
(3) process of freeze/thaw cycle repeatedly of simulation channel
1. about testing the making of front model channel, the contents such as the installation of model casing and hydro-extractor startup referring to the content in above-mentioned (1) and (2);
2. in conjunction with the freezing-thawing weather conditions of the actual canal engineering of studying, according to time similarity guide, by temperature controller, control multigelation cycle index and freeze thawing time;
3. due to freeze thawing cycle period length can to cause Centrifuge Room temperature to rise very fast, in finding circulation, water tank temperature rises very high (>25 ℃), shuts down and changes water, needs to guarantee that whole model casing seals between down period;
4. the temperature, frost heave and the thaw collapse displacement that test are collected are analyzed, and sum up the change in displacement rule in channel multigelation situation.
Claims (5)
1. salty-cold district canal for water conveyance freeze thawing distortion centrifuge modelling system, is comprised of hydro-extractor, model casing, cooling water circulation unit and temperature controller, it is characterized in that, described model casing is comprised of outer container, interior case and Sandwich filling material, for channel model is set; Described cooling water circulation unit is comprised of semiconductor chilling plate and the water cooling plant of some series connection, and described water cooling plant comprises water pipe, water pump and water tank; Described temperature controller, for set and monitoring model case in environment temperature, realize Reality simulation site environment temperature;
Described model casing is arranged in the hanging basket of hydro-extractor, and described semiconductor chilling plate is fixed on the top in model casing, and described water circulation cooling device is arranged on hydro-extractor pivoted arm; The cold plate of described semiconductor chilling plate absorbs the heat of channel model downwards, and the heat sink of described semiconductor chilling plate dispels the heat by water circulation cooling device.
2. salty-cold district according to claim 1 canal for water conveyance freeze thawing distortion centrifuge modelling system, is characterized in that, in described water cooling plant, be also provided with air cooled condenser, air cooled condenser is fixed on above hydro-extractor pivoted arm.
3. salty-cold district according to claim 1 canal for water conveyance freeze thawing distortion centrifuge modelling system, is characterized in that, is provided with channel model in described model casing.
4. centrifuge modelling system is out of shape in salty-cold district according to claim 1 canal for water conveyance freeze thawing, it is characterized in that, described salty-cold district canal for water conveyance freeze thawing distortion centrifuge modelling system is also provided with computer control system, for showing, temperature variation and the change in displacement of record and output device running parameter, soil body different depth, in described channel model, be provided with temperature sensor and displacement transducer, for timely monitor model temperature and displacement numerical value, transfer to described computer control system.
5. centrifuge modelling system is out of shape in salty-cold district according to claim 1 canal for water conveyance freeze thawing, it is characterized in that, described outer container adopts stainless steel material to make, and described interior case adopts frost resistance aerial organic glass to make, and described Sandwich filling material is polyurethane foam plastics.
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| CN111229478B (en) * | 2020-01-09 | 2021-02-19 | 中南大学 | Centrifuge system for unsaturated frozen soil and matric potential testing method |
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Inventor after: Cai Zhengyin Inventor after: Ren Guofeng Inventor after: Xu Hui Inventor after: Li Changling Inventor after: Cao Yongyong Inventor after: Zhan Xiaolei Inventor after: He Chuanqing Inventor after: Wang Huaiyi Inventor after: Liu Yufu Inventor after: Yang Guiquan Inventor after: Su Shan Inventor after: Huang Yinghao Inventor after: Luo Weilin Inventor after: Wan Lianbin Inventor after: Cai Zhengyin Huang Yinghao Hong Jianzhong Xu Guangming Zhang Chen Gu Hangwen Guan Yunfei Zhao Baozhong Wu Zhiqiang Xu Huili Chang Lingcao Yong Yong Zhan Xiaolei Ren Guo Feng He Chuanqing Wang Huaiyi Liu Yufu Yang Guiquan Susan Lo Valerie Lin Van Zhang Huilan Lianbin Inventor after: Hong Jianzhong Inventor after: Xu Guangming Inventor after: Zhang Chen Inventor after: Gu Xingwen Inventor after: Guan Yunfei Inventor after: Zhao Baozhong Inventor after: Wu Zhiqiang Inventor before: Cai Zhengyin Inventor before: Ren Guofeng Inventor before: Xu Hui Inventor before: Cai Zhengyin, Huang Yinghao, Hong Jianzhong, Xu Guangming, Gu Hangwen, Guan Yunfei, Zhao Baozhong, Wu Zhiqiang, Zhang Chen, Ren Wei, Xu Hui, Li Changling Inventor before: Huang Yinghao Inventor before: Hong Jianzhong Inventor before: Xu Guangming Inventor before: Zhang Chen Inventor before: Gu Xingwen Inventor before: Guan Yunfei Inventor before: Zhao Baozhong Inventor before: Wu Zhiqiang |
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Application publication date: 20141112 Assignee: Xinjiang Irtysh River Basin Development Engineering Construction Administration Assignor: Nanjing Institute of Water Conservancy Sciences, State Energy Bureau, Ministry of Transportation, Ministry of Water Conservancy Contract record no.: X2019650000007 Denomination of invention: Centrifugal simulation system for freeze thawing deformation of water conveyance canal in salty-cold region Granted publication date: 20151118 License type: Common License Record date: 20191030 |