CN109024605B - Temperature control system for gridding concrete dam - Google Patents
Temperature control system for gridding concrete dam Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a gridding concrete dam temperature control system, which comprises a real-time induction machine, a temperature control server, a rapid regulation and control machine and a database server, wherein the real-time induction machine, the temperature control server and the rapid regulation and control machine are sequentially connected; the database server is respectively connected with the real-time induction machine and the rapid regulation and control machine; the variable topological structure pipe network is arranged in the dam body. According to the dam temperature control system, the dam temperature control pipeline is gridded, and the sensor groups are arranged around the grid nodes, so that the flexibility and pertinence of dam temperature control are improved; adverse factors which may appear in dam temperature regulation are predicted in advance, a traditional passive temperature regulation mode is changed into active temperature regulation, and uncertainty of dam temperature regulation is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering construction and concrete dam engineering operation temperature control, and particularly relates to a gridding concrete dam temperature control system.
Background
With the rapid development of national economy in China, the development of hydropower in regions with rich water resources, such as the eastern China, the southwest China and the like, gradually tends to be perfect, and the construction development and planning of national water conservancy and hydropower engineering are turned to the northwest region. The technical progress makes the construction of high concrete dams in northwest areas not a difficult problem, but because of the environmental characteristics of complex climatic conditions, cold and dry in winter, large day and night temperature difference and the like in northwest areas of China, the problem of 'no dam and no crack' of the concrete dams is more obvious. The existing temperature control technology mainly controls the step temperature to deal with the temperature stress generated in the construction stage of the project, lacks the guiding regulation and control of the dam concrete, does not consider the method for carrying out the comprehensive and systematic effective regulation and control on the temperature of the dam in the whole life cycle and the regulation and control means of the humidity stress of the dam in the whole life cycle, and further causes the concrete crack generated by the dam body in the operation period after the project construction is completed.
In the whole service life cycle of the concrete dam, the structural performance of the concrete dam is related to the cracking of concrete materials from the decline to the end of service life, a great deal of researches on the cracking resistance and the mechanical property of concrete are carried out by various scholars at home and abroad, and the cracking is mostly caused by that the tensile stress in the structure exceeds a certain stress level due to non-load factors such as volume expansion or shrinkage caused by temperature change in the structure and under the constraint condition. Therefore, the key for preventing cracks is to regulate the temperature of the dam concrete so that the dam concrete is in a relatively constant temperature and humidity state.
The temperature change of concrete is mainly influenced by the internal hydration heat and the external environment temperature. The dam body temperature is rapidly increased due to a large amount of hydration heat generated in the early stage of pouring cement hydration reaction, and during the period of concrete temperature reduction, a large temperature gradient is formed inside and outside the dam body due to poor heat conduction characteristics of concrete to generate tensile stress, and the tensile strength of the concrete at the moment is low, so that the temperature stress exceeds the tensile limit to generate cracks. The change of the dam body temperature is influenced by the external environment temperature and humidity besides the internal hydration heat, and the dam body temperature is mainly influenced by the environment temperature and the reservoir water temperature during the dam operation period. When the outside air temperature changes rapidly, the temperature inside the dam body delays, so that a large temperature gradient is formed inside and outside the dam body, and temperature cracks are generated.
Concrete is affected by many factors due to humidity changes and diffusion. Under the hydration action, the microstructure such as internal pore distribution, pore size and pore geometric structure, the pore fluid state such as water content and humidity, and the temperature stress state are easy to change in the concrete pouring process. After the concrete is solidified, part of bound water is lost due to the change of internal humidity diffusion, the generated dry shrinkage stress can cause the concrete to crack or expand the existing crack, and the dry shrinkage stress generated by the rapid change of the internal humidity and humidity field of the concrete is an important reason for the crack, particularly the early crack.
The winter in northwest areas of China is cold, the annual average temperature is lower than 5 ℃, the daily extreme maximum temperature difference exceeds 30 ℃, and the annual extreme maximum temperature difference is even as high as 81 ℃. Influenced by the changeable severe climate environment, the temperature inside the concrete changes sharply, meanwhile, the change of the environmental temperature can also generate certain influence on the humidity distribution and the law inside the concrete, and the stress born by the concrete under the interaction of several factors is larger, so that cracks are more easily generated.
In order to meet the temperature control and anti-cracking requirements of dam engineering, particularly concrete dams in cold regions, workers in the field of domestic and foreign hydraulic engineering adopt various modes to control the internal and external temperature and humidity gradients of concrete according to different internal and external influence factors.
And (3) temperature control in the construction period: in order to reduce the large temperature gradient generated by the internal hydration heat, the method mainly comprises pre-cooling aggregate, limiting the mixing temperature, controlling the warehousing temperature, paving a cooling water pipe and the like. The maximum temperature rise of the concrete is controlled, so that the temperature gradient inside and outside the dam concrete in the construction period is reduced, and the temperature stress is reduced.
Controlling the humidity in the construction period: in order to control the volume shrinkage of concrete caused by continuous water loss under the natural evaporation condition, the traditional moisture-preserving measures are to spray water to preserve moisture in the pouring period, and the traditional moisture-preserving measures also have certain moisture-preserving effect on the heat-preserving material on the surface of the concrete dam in a cold area. However, generally, the study on the humidity and stress of concrete under variable temperature conditions is relatively less, and the control and protection means are relatively limited.
Resisting the influence of environmental temperature: at present, passive heat preservation measures are mainly adopted for the dam body to reduce heat exchange between the dam body and the outside, so that concrete cracking caused by periodic outside temperature changes in cold tides or cold regions is reduced. The common heat preservation measures include laying heat preservation plates, heat preservation quilts, spraying heat preservation materials and the like, and the measures can enable the dam body to resist extreme temperature changes, such as cold tides and the like, to a certain extent in an environment with small daily change of temperature.
The run-time control effect is limited: the existing temperature control technology adopts some active temperature control measures in the construction period, for example, when the internal temperature of dam concrete is overhigh, the internal temperature is cooled by adopting a mode of introducing cooling water and sprinkling water on the surface, and the internal and external temperature difference is reduced. But by the time of operation, only one layer of heat insulation layer on the concrete surface of the dam is usually used for passive protection. The concrete temperature test with or without the heat insulation layer is carried out, and the monitoring data analysis shows that the influence of the heat insulation layer arranged outside the concrete on the external environment temperature in a short period has a certain protection effect, but along with the increase of the interference time, the protected and unprotected concrete finally changes along with the change of the environment temperature, an active temperature regulation and control method is lacked to effectively protect the concrete in the dam operation period for a long time, the temperatures of different parts of the concrete under the 5cm polyurethane heat insulation layer are shown in figure 1, and the temperatures of different parts of the concrete under the heat insulation layer are shown in figure 2.
Through engineering practice and long-term operation, although the temperature and humidity control measures relatively reduce the temperature and humidity gradient of the concrete in certain time periods, reduce the temperature and humidity stress and reduce the generation of concrete cracks, due to the defects of single function and self existence of the control measures, the requirement of full-period crack prevention of dam concrete cannot be comprehensively met, and cracks and damage of the dam concrete cannot be avoided. The main problems are as follows:
(1) the existing main measure for internally reducing the temperature gradient is water cooling, and the measure utilizes the water through of a pipe network which is generally horizontally arranged in concrete in the dam pouring process to cool, so that the cooling effect is good. However, the water temperature of the engineering water supply system cannot be adjusted at any time, the water source is river water at the location of the engineering, temperature gradient is easy to generate when the water temperature is low, and the temperature gradient is larger and the generated stress is larger particularly for the engineering in northwest severe cold areas of China.
(2) The traditional main measure for reducing the internal and external temperature gradients in response to cold tides is to cover the heat-insulating layer, the measure passively responds to the external temperature change, the temperature stress of the dam body cannot be effectively reduced in the long term, and the severe external environment can even lead to the peeling of the surface heat-insulating material.
(3) The existing temperature control technology mainly depends on manual adjustment, and measurement and manual regulation have time lag, inaccurate caused by human factors and optimal temperature control time missing.
(4) At present, the hysteresis quality of a control node of a temperature control measure needs to passively control adverse factors after the adverse factors influencing the concrete temperature of the dam appear, so that the concrete temperature is easy to lose control, and the foresight of temperature control is lacked.
(5) At present, temperature control measures cannot accurately regulate and control the temperature of a specific part in regions and pertinently according to the variability of a temperature field in dam concrete.
(6) The current temperature control measures are still passive, and meanwhile, a specific countermeasure is formed only by seasonal temperature change, so that the temperature control measures have certain hysteresis, and the prediction is lacked, so that the advance protection cannot be realized.
(7) The traditional temperature and humidity control ranges are not accurate enough, taking a temperature control means as an example, the height of a pouring bin section or a lifting bin is generally taken as a minimum control unit, the temperature difference is caused in the control units under the influence of external factors (such as water temperature and illumination), and the traditional method lacks effective regulation and control measures for the temperature difference in a smaller range.
In addition, in order to break through the traditional temperature control technology, some expert scholars carry out relevant research to generate novel scientific achievements, but the control strategy is mainly adopted, and the scheme of temperature regulation and control of the whole life cycle of the concrete dam is not really provided. For example, the 'individualized water passing method for controlling the temperature of the mass concrete' disclosed in the publication number "CN 101701495 a" is mainly to optimize the traditional cooling water pipe, and to perform the temperature reduction treatment on the interior of the dam concrete by changing the flow rate and changing the cooling water or river water, and has no effect of temperature increase. The 'concrete intelligent temperature control method and system for dam under construction' disclosed in the authorization notice number 'CN 102852145A' mainly imagine a temperature control method for dam under construction, and lack of control over the dam temperature in the operation period. The authorization notice number 'ZL 201611116913.5' discloses a method and a device for permanently regulating and controlling the temperature of a concrete dam, breaks through the traditional method for regulating and controlling the temperature of the concrete dam, provides an assumption for the feasibility of controlling the temperature of the concrete dam from a frame, only performs simple verification in a laboratory stage temporarily, does not pay engineering practice, and is lack of an intelligent regulation and control means.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems, based on the temperature stress of the traditional technology, the influence factors of the wet saturation of the concrete on the spatial variability of the temperature and the humidity in the concrete are increased, a gridding control means is adopted, a variable topological structure pipe network for gridding the dam concrete is established in the construction period of the concrete dam, the variable topological structure pipe network is expanded along with the pouring of the dam, the whole dam concrete is gridded until the completion of the project, the concrete temperature regulation and control of the dam concrete in the construction period and the operation of the dam are realized, and meanwhile, the control node of the temperature regulation and control is moved forward by combining the data of hydrological weather prediction and the like, and the prospective intervention is carried out on adverse factors.
The technical scheme includes that the gridding dam temperature control system comprises a real-time induction machine, a temperature control server, a rapid regulating and controlling machine and a database server, wherein the real-time induction machine, the temperature control server and the rapid regulating and controlling machine are sequentially connected with one another; the database server is respectively connected with the real-time induction machine, the temperature control server and the rapid regulation and control machine; the variable topological structure pipe network is arranged in the dam body.
The real-time induction machine comprises a temperature sensor network consisting of temperature sensors, a humidity sensor network consisting of humidity sensors, a stress sensor network consisting of stress sensors, a strain sensor network consisting of strain sensors and a data processor, wherein the temperature sensor network, the humidity sensor network, the strain sensor network and the stress sensor network are respectively connected with the data processor.
The variable topological structure pipe network is a three-dimensional connectivity network, grid nodes are arranged at the mutual intersection of pipelines in the three-dimensional connectivity network, and the grid nodes are multi-pass control units; the variable topological structure pipe network is provided with a plurality of openings, and the openings are connected with a temperature compensation source; the variable topological structure pipe network controls the topological structure of the variable topological structure pipe network by controlling the connectivity between adjacent grid nodes.
The multi-way control unit comprises a medium containing cavity, a temperature sensor, a controller, a wireless transceiving module, a plurality of electric control valves and a heating device; the multi-way control unit is provided with a plurality of openings, the medium containing cavity is provided with an electric control valve close to the opening end, and the control end of the electric control valve is connected with the controller; the heating device is arranged around the medium accommodating cavity, and the control end of the heating device is connected with the controller; the temperature sensor and the wireless transceiver module are respectively connected with the controller.
The multi-way control unit is a six-way control unit, and the six-way control unit is provided with 6 openings along the three-dimensional coordinate axis direction respectively.
The heating device is an electric heating wire or an electric heating film.
And the database server is connected with the dam construction system, the weather forecast system and the dam operation system.
The temperature sensor net, the humidity sensor net, the strain sensor net and the stress sensor net are arranged at different depth positions inside the dam, so that three-dimensional all-dimensional real-time monitoring is formed.
The temperature sensor network, the humidity sensor network, the strain sensor network and the stress sensor network are respectively connected with the data processor by adopting a special data transmission line or a wireless network.
And the distributed control system on the temperature control server carries out configuration monitoring on the real-time induction machine and the rapid regulating machine, and the distributed control system on the industrial personal computer carries out process control on the rapid regulating machine.
The temperature control system of the gridding concrete dam further comprises a simulation and real-time display system, the simulation and real-time display system is respectively connected with the real-time sensor and the database server, and the simulation and real-time display system is used for simulating and displaying the dam and displaying the data of the real-time sensor in real time. The simulation and real-time display system adopts parameters (such as dam height, dam shape, width and other data) of a dam body of the dam to establish a corresponding dam simulation model on a computer in proportion. And then, combining entity structures such as a temperature sensor network, a humidity sensor network, a strain sensor network, a stress sensor network, a variable topological structure pipe network and the like which are arranged at different positions in the dam body, identifying the entity structures on the dam simulation model in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and then accessing dynamic data of a real-time induction machine to enable the whole dam simulation model to express the actual condition of the dam in real time.
The temperature compensation source is used for providing a heat source or a cold source with real-time variable temperature for dam concrete. The temperature compensation source comprises a programmable controller, a compressor, a condenser, an evaporator, a heater and a delivery pump which are connected with the programmable controller, the temperature compensation source has the functions of heating and cooling, and the temperature regulation range is 5-80 ℃. And a flow meter and a switch for controlling the flow are arranged at the position of the delivery pump in the temperature compensation source.
The media in the variable topological structure pipe network and the temperature compensation source are water-based antifreeze solution of ethylene glycol or calcium chloride solution and the like.
The variable topological structure pipe network is arranged simultaneously when the dam concrete begins to be poured, and the pipeline is poured in the concrete after the concrete pouring construction is finished.
The variable topological structure pipe network is specifically arranged in concrete on the upstream and downstream surfaces of the dam or in the concrete of the dam; when the dam is arranged in the concrete on the upstream and downstream surfaces, the distance between the dam and the surface of the dam is 0.1-2 m;
the variable topological structure pipe network can be arranged in a single layer, and can also be arranged in double layers or multiple layers.
The variable topological structure pipe network grid is of a square structure, and the side length of the square structure is 0.1-2 m.
The variable topological structure pipe network adopts plastic pipes such as PE pipes and HDPE pipes, or adopts pipes made of aluminum calandria, seamless steel pipes, copper pipes and the like and having good heat-conducting property; the diameter of the pipeline is 20-100 mm.
The temperature control system of the gridding dam also comprises an insulating layer. The heat-insulating and moisture-preserving protective layer is used for reducing the influence of the external environment on the temperature and the humidity of dam concrete, adopts materials with good heat-insulating and heat-insulating properties, such as polyurethane rigid foam spraying, polyethylene foam board or polystyrene board pasting and the like, and can also cover a layer of mortar, polymer mortar or anti-aging finish paint, polyurea and the like on the surface of the heat-insulating and moisture-preserving layer to protect the heat-insulating and moisture-preserving layer.
The heat-preservation and moisture-preservation protective layer is arranged on the concrete surface of the upper and lower streams of the dam and the outer surface of other structures, and the thickness of the heat-preservation and moisture-preservation layer can be 2-10 cm.
The construction method of the temperature control system of the gridding concrete dam comprises the following steps,
step 1: arranging a real-time induction machine;
step 1.1: when dam concrete is poured in different bins, a plurality of temperature, humidity, stress and strain sensors are arranged and fixed at preset positions in the bins according to a preset scheme;
step 1.2: arranging a corresponding data processor at a fixed position outside the pouring bin, and connecting the sensor and the data processor in a matching way by adopting a data line or a wireless base station;
step 1.3: testing and verifying each sensor in the sensor network, and connecting the data processor with a database of the decision analysis library;
step 1.4: the data processor performs data verification and consistency judgment on data acquired by the temperature sensor network, the humidity sensor network, the stress sensor network and the strain sensor network, removes unreasonable data, classifies and summarizes the data;
step 1.5: respectively calculating the change rate and the high-order derivative of the temperature, the humidity and the stress; transmitting the processed data to a database;
step 2: arranging a quick adjusting and controlling machine;
step 2.1: when dam concrete is poured in different bins, arranging and fixing a variable topological structure pipe network at a preset position in the bins according to a preset scheme, wherein the variable topological structure pipe network comprises a pipe network, a multi-way control unit and the like;
step 2.2: arranging an industrial personal computer, a temperature compensation source and a wireless base station at fixed positions outside the pouring bin;
step 2.3: connecting and testing an industrial personal computer outside the dam body, a temperature compensation source and a variable topological structure pipe network inside the dam body by using a wireless base station;
and step 3: establishing a virtual dam simulation model corresponding to the concrete dam entity;
step 3.1: establishing a computer virtual simulation model corresponding to the physical engineering according to the parameters of the dam and the concrete pouring progress;
step 3.2: according to the scheme of the arranged real-time induction machine, positioning and identifying a temperature sensor network, a humidity sensor network, a stress sensor network and a strain sensor network corresponding to the entity position in the virtual model;
step 3.3: according to the scheme of the arranged rapid control machine, positioning and identifying the variable topological structure pipe network corresponding to the entity position in the virtual model;
and 4, step 4: establishing a database;
step 4.1: storing data transmitted by the real-time sensor data processor into a database;
step 4.2: before the concrete dam is constructed, weather forecast and hydrological weather information of the site of a project are connected with a database of the concrete dam intelligent temperature regulation and control system, and the database reads the weather information in real time and updates the weather information in time; accessing a dam construction system into a database, reading information such as pouring time, progress, strength, mixing ratio and the like of concrete in real time by the database, and timely regulating and controlling by a temperature control server at stages of large volume, high strength, high hydration heat and the like in a construction period;
step 4.3: storing the related data of the fast speed controller into a database in real time and keeping updating;
step 4.4: the database is connected with the dam simulation model, and data obtained from each party in the database is provided to the dam simulation model in time;
and 5: installing a decentralized control system;
step 5.1: installing a decentralized control system on the temperature control server for monitoring the configuration of the temperature control system of the gridding concrete dam;
step 5.2: installing a decentralized control system on an industrial personal computer, wherein the decentralized control system is used for controlling the process of the temperature control system of the gridding concrete dam;
step 6: implementing temperature regulation;
step 6.1: the temperature control server utilizes the distributed control system to form a temperature control instruction and transmits the temperature control instruction to the rapid regulation and control machine;
step 6.2: the industrial personal computer generates a control signal by using the distributed control system according to the temperature control instruction and sends the control signal to the temperature compensation source, the PLC and the six-way control unit in the variable topological structure pipe network;
step 6.3: a multi-way control unit in the variable topology structure pipe network controls the opening and closing of an electric control valve and the starting and stopping of a heating device according to a control signal of an industrial personal computer;
step 6.4: the temperature compensation source controls the temperature, flow, speed and the like of a medium in the temperature compensation source according to a control signal of the industrial personal computer;
and 7: feedback of temperature control effect;
step 7.1: after the temperature regulation and control are started, the operation parameters of the rapid regulation and control machine are transmitted to a database in real time;
step 7.2: the data of the concrete after temperature regulation and control are fed back to the database, so that the temperature control server can determine when the regulation and control are stopped or continued, and a dynamic response effect is achieved;
and 8: establishing a heat-preservation and moisture-preservation protective layer;
step 8.1: after the dam concrete single-bin or multi-bin pouring is finished, the construction conditions of the heat-preservation and moisture-preservation protective layer are met, relevant operations are carried out in time, a heat-preservation and moisture-preservation layer is firstly established, and the establishment work of the protective layer is finished when the conditions are met;
step 8.2: storing the related data of the heat-preservation and moisture-preservation protective layer into a database, and providing real-time boundary condition data for each model calculation and rule generation;
and step 9: real-time induction machine, variable topological structure pipe network expansion and integral optimization;
step 9.1: along with the concrete pouring of the dam, according to the purpose and the requirement of temperature control, particularly in key parts and special parts of the dam, further laying temperature, humidity, stress and strain sensors, expanding a temperature sensor net, a humidity sensor net, a stress sensor net and a strain sensor net, arranging a multi-way control unit, connecting the multi-way control unit by using a pipeline, and expanding a variable topological structure pipe network;
step 9.2: after the dam pouring construction is finished, the number and specific installation positions of the temperature compensation sources are designed from the perspective of overall optimization of the dam, a plurality of pressure pumps for controlling the flow direction and pressure of media in the pipelines are arranged in the pipelines near the interfaces of the variable topological structure pipe network and the temperature compensation sources as required, and the pressure pumps are connected with a PLC (programmable logic controller);
step 9.3: after the concrete dam is put into operation, the dam operation system is connected into the database, so that existing safety monitoring data of the dam can be shared with the database, and concrete information of deeper and more detailed parts can be comprehensively mastered by combining the data of the dam safety monitoring system on the basis of an existing sensor network of a real-time sensor.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the dam temperature regulation and control pipeline is meshed, a multi-way control unit is introduced to serve as a grid node of a regulation and control pipe network, and a sensor group is arranged around the grid node, so that the flexibility and pertinence of dam temperature regulation and control are improved;
2) the traditional passive temperature control mode of the dam is changed, weather forecast data, dam construction data and dam operation data are introduced, temperature change, humidity change, a temperature high-order derivative and a humidity high-order derivative are monitored, adverse factors possibly occurring in dam temperature regulation are predicted in advance, a control node of the temperature regulation is moved forward, the traditional passive temperature control mode is changed into active temperature regulation, temperature deviation of the dam temperature regulation is reduced, and regulation uncertainty is changed;
3) according to the structural characteristics of the dam, the density of grid nodes is controlled, the special parts and key parts of the dam are subjected to key regulation and control, and stress buffering is performed on a stress concentration area through regulation, so that the aim of precise regulation and control is fulfilled;
4) the dam concrete is monitored through the real-time sensing system, temperature, humidity, stress and strain data are accurately provided in time, relevant data are systematically and comprehensively collected, the hysteresis quality and unpredictability of manually collected data are avoided, and accurate data are provided for intelligent regulation and control;
5) a multi-way control unit, which can be a six-way control unit or a four-way control unit, is adopted at each node, and the opening and closing of a valve can be controlled according to the instruction of an intelligent decision system, so that the topological structure of a variable topological structure pipe network is changed, the dam is divided into a plurality of regulating and controlling areas according to the temperature data and the regulating and controlling requirements of the dam, and the single area is accurately regulated and controlled according to the temperature control requirements of concrete in different areas;
6) the rapid regulating and controlling machine can provide a medium with variable temperature, can not only cool the concrete like the traditional cooling water technology, but also heat the concrete, and achieves the purpose of bidirectional real-time regulation and control of the temperature, so that the dam can regulate and control the temperature in the whole life cycle;
7) the whole life cycle can be regulated, after the dam concrete begins to be constructed, a plurality of 'bin positions' capable of intelligently regulating and controlling the temperature are built according to the pouring bin sections, and the 'bin positions' have the same structural design and regulation and control mechanism as the 'dam' provided by the invention, so that the concrete of each independent dam section can be regulated and controlled in the construction period. Meanwhile, along with the pouring of the dam, the built 'bin positions' are connected and integrated according to the integral regulation and control theory, the dam is formed until the completion of the dam and the operation period, the integral temperature regulation and control are carried out in the operation period, and the effect of full-life-cycle regulation and control is achieved;
8) the breakthrough of the traditional and the existing concrete dam temperature control technology. The dam body self-demand is used as guidance, the traditional view that people mainly control the dam temperature by cooling is changed, and the guided temperature rise or cooling regulation is carried out by combining the self-operation data of concrete;
9) the intelligent temperature control system is particularly suitable for low-temperature cold areas, the temperature of the inner layer and the outer layer of the dam concrete is controlled in a safe range by actively and actively carrying out intelligent temperature control, and the harm caused by temperature gradient and temperature stress is reduced.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
FIG. 1 is a graph showing temperature curves of different parts of concrete with a 5cm polyurethane insulation layer.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing temperature curves of different parts of concrete without an insulating layer.
Fig. 3 is a structural block diagram of a temperature control system of the meshed concrete dam.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the sensor distribution of the real-time sensor 2.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the rapid conditioning machine 3.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the temperature compensation source 32.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a variable topology pipe network 33.
Fig. 8 is a flow chart of construction and construction of the temperature control system of the meshed concrete dam.
FIG. 9 is a cloud diagram of the temperature T distribution of a concrete dam.
Fig. 10 is a cloud chart of relative humidity RH distribution of a concrete dam.
Fig. 11 is a stress S distribution cloud chart of the concrete dam.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 3, the temperature control system for the gridding dam comprises a real-time sensor 2, a temperature control server, a fast control machine 3 and a database server, which are connected in sequence, wherein the database server is connected with a dam construction system, a weather forecast system and a dam operation system.
As shown in fig. 5, the fast regulation and control machine 3 includes 2 industrial computers 31, 2 temperature compensation sources 32, 3 PLC controllers, a variable topology pipe network 33 and a wireless base station 34, the variable topology pipe network 33 includes a plurality of meshed six-way control units 331, the temperature compensation sources 32, the PLC controllers and the wireless base station 34 are respectively connected with the industrial computers 31, and the six-way control units 331 are connected with the wireless base station 34 through a wireless network; the database server is respectively connected with the real-time induction machine 2, the temperature control server and the rapid regulation and control machine 3; the variable topology pipe network 33 is arranged in the dam 1.
As shown in fig. 7, the variable topology pipe network 33 is a three-dimensional connectivity network, and is provided with grid nodes, the grid nodes are connected with each other through pipelines, and the grid nodes adopt six-way control units; the variable topological structure pipe network 33 is provided with a plurality of openings, the openings are connected with the temperature compensation source 32, the whole pipe network is connected with the temperature compensation source 32 to form a loop, and the temperature compensation medium circularly runs in the loop. The variable topological structure pipe network 33 controls the topological structure of the temperature compensation medium circulation operation loop in the variable topological structure pipe network 33 by controlling the connectivity between adjacent nodes.
The variable topological structure pipe network 33 is arranged at the same time when the dam concrete begins to be poured, and the pipeline is poured in the concrete after the concrete pouring construction is finished. The specific arrangement position of the variable topological structure pipe network 33 can be in concrete on the upstream and downstream surfaces of the dam or in the concrete of the dam; when the dam is arranged in the concrete on the upper and lower surfaces, the distance between the dam and the dam surface is 0.1-2 m. The variable topology pipe network 33 may be arranged in a single layer, or may be arranged in two or more layers. The variable topological structure pipe network 33 grid is a square structure, and the side length of the square structure is 0.1-2 m. The variable topological structure pipe network can be made of plastic pipes such as PE pipes and HDPE pipes, and can also be made of pipes with good heat conducting property such as aluminum calandria, seamless steel pipes and copper pipes; the diameter of the pipeline is 20-50 mm. And each cross position of the variable topology pipe network is provided with a six-way control unit for connection.
The six-way control unit comprises a medium containing cavity, a temperature sensor, a controller, a wireless transceiving module, 6 electric control valves and a heating device; the heating device is arranged around the medium accommodating cavity; the six-way control unit is respectively provided with 6 openings along the three-dimensional coordinate axis direction, the medium containing cavity is provided with an electric control valve close to the opening end, and the control end of the electric control valve is connected with the controller; the heating device is arranged around the medium containing cavity, and the control end of the heating device is connected with the controller; the temperature sensor and the wireless transceiver module are respectively connected with the controller.
The controller on the six-way control unit is connected with the industrial personal computer 31 through the wireless receiving and sending module, and the industrial personal computer 31 can directly give an instruction to the controller to control the opening and closing of the electric control valve after receiving the decision conclusion, so that the trend of the medium in the pipe network is changed, and a preset regulation and control area is formed.
The temperature control server and the industrial personal computer 31 are respectively provided with a decentralized control system, the decentralized control system on the temperature control server carries out configuration monitoring of the real-time induction machine 2 and the rapid control machine 3, and the decentralized control system on the industrial personal computer carries out process control of the rapid control machine 3. The decentralized control system uses the Honeywell PKS system.
The temperature compensation source 32 is a heat source or a cold source for providing the dam concrete with a real-time variable temperature, and is a temperature compensation device for controlling the temperature by using a flowing medium. In the temperature control system of the gridding concrete dam, one or more temperature compensation sources can be arranged according to the requirement.
As shown in fig. 6, the temperature compensation source 32 includes a programmable controller, a compressor 327, a condenser 328, an evaporator 326, a heater 323, and a delivery pump 320, which are respectively connected to the programmable controller, and a temperature raising pipeline 321 and a temperature lowering pipeline 322 are connected in parallel between an input end and an output end of the temperature compensation device 3; the heating pipeline 321 is provided with a heater 323, the inlet end and the outlet end of the heating pipeline 321 are respectively provided with a valve 324, and the outlet end of the heating pipeline 321 is connected with a liquid reservoir 325; the cooling pipeline 322 is sequentially provided with an evaporator 326, a compressor 327, a condenser 328 and a throttling mechanism 329, the inlet end and the outlet end of the cooling pipeline 322 are respectively provided with a valve 324, the outlet end of the cooling pipeline 322 is connected with a liquid receiver 325, and the liquid receiver 325 is connected with the delivery pump 320.
The temperature compensation source 32 has the functions of temperature rise and temperature reduction, and the temperature regulation range is 5-80 ℃. The temperature compensation source 32 is provided therein with a flow meter and a valve capable of controlling flow, and the valve is made of high temperature resistant and wear resistant materials such as ceramics to cope with high temperature media during temperature rise.
In the embodiment, the temperature control systems of the concrete dam and the gridding dam are arranged in western high-altitude areas and belong to continental northern temperature and cold temperature zone climates. Dry climate, short spring and autumn, and long summer and winter. The summer is cool, the winter is severe cold, and the temperature is greatly different every year. The geographical latitude of the engineering place is high, and the solar radiation quantity is small. In the embodiment, the barrage of the hydro-junction engineering is a concrete hyperbolic arch dam, the maximum dam height is 240m, and the average temperature of the dam site for many years is 2.8 ℃; the extreme highest temperature is 36.6 ℃; the lowest extreme temperature is-45 ℃; the average precipitation per year is 203.8 mm; actually measuring the maximum daily precipitation of 41.2mm and the average perennial evaporation capacity (phi 20 cm) of 1447.5 mm; the average water surface evaporation capacity for many years is 883 mm; the average wind speed for many years is 2.4 m/s; the maximum wind speed is 35.1 m/s; the maximum snow accumulation depth is 76 cm; the maximum frozen soil depth is 220 cm.
The real-time induction machine 2 is used for inducing relevant temperature, humidity, stress and strain parameters of dam concrete, transmitting the parameters to the database, the temperature control server and the simulation and real-time display system, and transmitting data of the dam construction system, the weather forecast system and the dam operation system to the database.
As shown in fig. 4, the real-time sensor 2 includes a temperature sensor network formed by temperature sensors 21, a humidity sensor network formed by humidity sensors 22, a stress sensor network formed by stress sensors 23, a strain sensor network formed by strain sensors 24, and a data processor; the temperature sensor net, the humidity sensor net, the strain sensor net and the stress sensor net are arranged at different depth positions in the dam, so that three-dimensional all-dimensional real-time monitoring can be realized; the sensors arranged inside the concrete are connected with a data processor arranged outside the dam through a data line or a wireless network.
The temperature control system of the gridding concrete dam further comprises a simulation and real-time display system, the simulation and real-time display system is respectively connected with the real-time sensor and the database server, and the simulation and real-time display system is used for simulating and displaying the dam and displaying the data of the real-time sensor in real time. The simulation and real-time display system adopts parameters (such as dam height, dam shape, width and other data) of the dam body of the dam to establish a corresponding dam simulation model on a computer in proportion. And then, combining entity structures such as a temperature sensor network, a humidity sensor network, a strain sensor network, a stress sensor network, a variable topological structure pipe network and the like which are arranged at different positions in the dam body, identifying the entity structures on the dam simulation model in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and accessing dynamic information of a database to enable the whole dam simulation model to express the actual condition of the dam in real time.
The simulation and real-time display system is constructed according to the following technology:
(1) the method comprises the steps that part design and assembly design functions of CATIA software are adopted, the solid structure and characteristics of the concrete dam are combined, a three-dimensional dam model is built on a platform, and grid division is carried out on the three-dimensional simulation model by combining grids of a variable topological structure pipe network through a VBA technology based on a secondary development interface provided by CATIA;
(2) building a dam simulation model by combining dam construction data and utilizing a computer programming technology; accurately identifying the position parameters of the sensor network of the real-time sensor 2 in the dam simulation model;
(3) the dam simulation model is connected with a database system, and data is kept to be updated and transmitted in real time, so that the dam simulation model can dynamically express real-time change of a dam entity;
(4) developing a simulation and real-time display system based on a dam simulation model by utilizing a network programming technology and a database technology; and displaying the simulation picture or real-time picture of the dam temperature control process to dam managers by utilizing a three-dimensional playing space technology, and dynamically displaying the temperature, humidity, stress and strain data of each point in the dam.
There are 5 major categories of database sources: the first type is reasonable concrete internal data which is obtained through monitoring by the real-time induction machine 2 and is subjected to self-judgment, identification and screening, the data is real-time data, and the temperature control requirement of dam concrete is directly provided; the second type is weather forecast, hydrological meteorological information and the like of the area where the concrete dam is located, and the data are generally predictive data with high accuracy, so that temperature regulation and control under extreme weather conditions can be guided to be performed in stages in advance, and the regulation and control effect is improved; the third type is dam construction system data which is mainly related to the concrete pouring construction period of the dam, so that the temperature control server can provide different regulation and control schemes according to different schedules and different mix proportions; the fourth type is dam operation system data which consists of information of water storage, power generation, flood drainage, sand flushing and the like in the dam operation period and information of a safety monitoring system arranged on the dam; the fifth type is the operation data of the large rapid control machine 3.
When the temperature of the hydration heat reaction in the concrete is high in the construction period, the temperature compensation equipment is connected with a control signal of the industrial personal computer 31, then a compensation source with proper temperature is produced through the compressor, the evaporator and the condenser, and then the compensation source is provided for the variable topological structure pipe network by using the delivery pump; when the temperature of the surface concrete is reduced by external influence in low-temperature seasons or cold tides, the temperature compensation equipment is connected with a control signal of the industrial personal computer 31, then a compensation source with proper temperature is produced through the heating pipe, and then the compensation source is provided for the pipe network with the variable topological structure by using the delivery pump and finally delivered to the part of the dam concrete needing cooling compensation.
In order to cope with cold weather, the medium in the variable topology pipe network 33 may be water-based antifreeze solution of ethylene glycol or calcium chloride solution.
The temperature control system of the gridding concrete dam also comprises a heat-preservation and moisture-preservation protective layer outside the dam concrete, wherein the heat-preservation layer is made of polyurethane rigid foam heat-preservation and moisture-preservation materials by spraying, and can also be made of adhesive polystyrene boards, extruded sheets, polyethylene foam and the like; the thickness can be within the range of 1 cm-20 cm. In order to cope with the ice pressure damage in cold regions, a protective layer can be covered on the surface of the heat insulation layer, and the protective layer can be common mortar, polymer mortar, anti-aging finish paint, polyurea and the like.
As shown in fig. 8, the construction method of the temperature control system of the meshed concrete dam specifically comprises the following steps,
step 1: arranging a real-time induction machine 2;
step 1.1: when dam concrete is poured in different bins, a plurality of temperature, humidity, stress and strain sensors are arranged and fixed at preset positions in the bins according to a preset scheme;
step 1.2: arranging a corresponding data processor at a fixed position outside the pouring bin, and connecting the sensor and the data processor in a matching way by adopting a data line or a wireless base station 34;
step 1.3: testing and verifying each sensor in the sensor network, and connecting the data processor with a database of the decision analysis library;
step 1.4: the data processor performs data verification and consistency judgment on data acquired by the temperature sensor network, the humidity sensor network, the stress sensor network and the strain sensor network, removes unreasonable data, classifies and summarizes the data;
step 1.5: respectively calculating the change rate and the high-order derivative of the temperature, the humidity and the stress; transmitting the processed data to a database;
step 2: arranging a quick adjusting and controlling machine 3;
step 2.1: when dam concrete is poured in different bins, a variable topological structure pipe network is arranged and fixed at a preset position in the bins according to a preset scheme, and the variable topological structure pipe network comprises a pipe network, a multi-way control unit 331 and the like;
step 2.2: an industrial personal computer 31, a temperature compensation source 32 and a wireless base station 34 are arranged at fixed positions outside the pouring bin;
step 2.3: connecting and testing an industrial personal computer 31 outside the dam body, a temperature compensation source 32 and a variable topological structure pipe network inside the dam body by using a wireless base station 34;
and step 3: establishing a virtual dam simulation model corresponding to the concrete dam entity;
step 3.1: establishing a computer virtual simulation model corresponding to the physical engineering according to the parameters of the dam and the concrete pouring progress;
step 3.2: according to the scheme of the real-time induction machine 2, positioning and identifying a temperature sensor network, a humidity sensor network, a stress sensor network and a strain sensor network corresponding to the entity position in the virtual model;
step 3.3: according to the scheme of the arranged rapid control machine 3, positioning and identifying the variable topological structure pipe network corresponding to the entity position in the virtual model;
and 4, step 4: establishing a database;
step 4.1: storing the data transmitted by the data processor of the real-time sensor 2 into a database;
step 4.2: the method comprises the following steps that before the concrete dam is constructed, weather forecast and hydrological weather information of the site of a project are connected with a database of an intelligent temperature control system of the concrete dam, the database reads the weather information in real time and updates the weather information in time, and when cold tides come or the weather is about to have severe temperature changes, a temperature control server conducts temperature rise or temperature reduction control in advance according to the information;
the method comprises the following steps that a dam construction system is connected into a database along with the beginning of concrete pouring construction of the dam, the database reads information such as pouring time, progress, strength and mix proportion of concrete in real time, and a temperature control server conducts timely regulation and control in stages such as large-volume high-strength high-hydration heat in a construction period;
step 4.3: storing the related data of the fast speed controller 3 into a database in real time and keeping updating;
step 4.4: the database is connected with the dam simulation model, and data obtained from each party in the database is provided to the dam simulation model in time;
and 5: installing a decentralized control system;
step 5.1: installing a decentralized control system on the temperature control server for monitoring the configuration of the temperature control system of the gridding concrete dam;
step 5.2: a decentralized control system is installed on the industrial personal computer 31 and used for process control of the temperature control system of the gridding concrete dam;
step 6: implementing temperature regulation;
step 6.1: the temperature control server utilizes the distributed control system to form a temperature control instruction, and transmits the temperature control instruction to the rapid regulation and control machine 3;
step 6.2: the industrial personal computer 31 generates a control signal by using the distributed control system according to the temperature control instruction and sends the control signal to the temperature compensation source 32, the PLC and the six-way control unit in the variable topology pipe network;
step 6.3: a multi-way control unit 331 in the variable topology pipe network controls the opening and closing of the electric control valve and the starting and stopping of the heating device according to the control signal of the industrial personal computer 31;
step 6.4: the temperature compensation source 32 controls the temperature, flow rate, speed and the like of a medium in the temperature compensation source 32 according to a control signal of the industrial personal computer 31;
and 7: feedback of temperature control effect;
step 7.1: after the temperature regulation and control are started, the operation parameters of the rapid regulation and control machine 3 are transmitted to a database in real time;
step 7.2: the data of the concrete after temperature regulation and control are fed back to the database, so that the temperature control server can determine when the regulation and control are stopped or continued, and a dynamic response effect is achieved;
and 8: establishing a heat-preservation and moisture-preservation protective layer;
step 8.1: after the dam concrete single-bin or multi-bin pouring is finished, the construction conditions of the heat-preservation and moisture-preservation protective layer are met, relevant operations are carried out in time, a heat-preservation and moisture-preservation layer is firstly established, and the establishment work of the protective layer is finished when the conditions are met;
step 8.2: storing the related data of the heat-preservation and moisture-preservation protective layer into a database, and providing real-time boundary condition data for each model calculation and rule generation;
and step 9: the real-time induction machine 2 and the variable topological structure pipe network 33 are expanded and integrally optimized;
step 9.1: along with the concrete pouring of the dam, according to the purpose and the requirement of temperature control, particularly in key parts and special parts of the dam, temperature, humidity, stress and strain sensors are further arranged, a temperature sensor network, a humidity sensor network, a stress sensor network and a strain sensor network are expanded, a multi-way control unit 331 is arranged, the multi-way control unit 331 is connected through a pipeline, and the variable topological structure pipe network 33 is expanded;
step 9.2: after the dam pouring construction is finished, the number and specific installation positions of the temperature compensation sources 32 are designed from the perspective of overall optimization of the dam, a plurality of pressure pumps for controlling the flow direction and pressure of media in pipelines are arranged in the pipelines near the interfaces of the variable topological structure pipe network 33 and the temperature compensation sources 32 as required, and the pressure pumps are connected with a PLC (programmable logic controller);
step 9.3: after the concrete dam is put into operation, the dam operation system is connected into the database, so that existing safety monitoring data of the dam can be shared with the database, and concrete information of deeper and more detailed parts can be comprehensively mastered by combining the data of the dam safety monitoring system on the basis of the existing sensor network of the real-time sensor 2. Water level changes caused by plans such as water storage, power generation, flood drainage, sand flushing and the like during operation of the dam are stored in the database, and active temperature regulation and control on local concrete temperature changes are facilitated.
With the completion of dam concrete construction, the construction of a temperature control system of a gridded concrete dam is completed, the dam enters an operation stage, a real-time sensor 2 collects dam temperature, humidity, stress and strain data in real time, the dam temperature, humidity, stress and strain data are transmitted to a database server, a temperature control server and a simulation and real-time display system, the temperature control server forms a temperature control instruction by using a decentralized control system and transmits the temperature control instruction to a rapid regulation and control machine 3, an industrial personal computer 31 generates a control signal by using the decentralized control system according to the temperature control instruction and transmits the control signal to a temperature compensation source 32, a PLC (programmable logic controller) and a six-way control unit in a variable topological structure pipe network, so that the temperature control of the dam is realized; the simulation and real-time display system carries out simulation on the dam or displays dam real-time data detected by the real-time sensor 2.
As shown in fig. 9-11, the simulation and real-time display system displays the simulation effect of the dam or the real-time temperature field, humidity field and stress field of the dam to the dam manager, and the manager knows the dynamic parameters of the temperature control system of the dam and the meshed concrete dam in real time.
Claims (10)
1. The gridding concrete dam temperature control system is characterized by comprising a real-time induction machine (2), a temperature control server, a rapid regulating and controlling machine (3) and a database server, wherein the real-time induction machine, the temperature control server and the rapid regulating and controlling machine (3) are sequentially connected, the rapid regulating and controlling machine (3) comprises a plurality of industrial control machines (31), a plurality of temperature compensation sources (32), a plurality of PLC controllers, a variable topological structure pipe network (33) and a wireless base station (34),
the variable topological structure pipe network (33) is a three-dimensional connectivity network, grid nodes are arranged at the mutual intersection of pipelines in the three-dimensional connectivity network, the grid nodes are multi-pass control units (331), and the variable topological structure pipe network (33) is communicated with a temperature compensation source (32);
the temperature compensation source (32), the PLC and the wireless base station (34) are respectively connected with an industrial personal computer (31), and the multi-pass control unit (331) is connected with the wireless base station (34) through a wireless network; the database server is respectively connected with the real-time induction machine (2), the temperature control server and the rapid speed regulation and control machine (3); the variable topological structure pipe network (33) is arranged in the dam body (1);
the multi-way control unit (331) comprises a medium cavity, a temperature sensor, a controller, a plurality of electric control valves and a heating device;
the real-time induction machine (2) collects, classifies and summarizes temperature, humidity, stress and strain data of the dam;
the temperature control server utilizes the distributed control system to form a temperature control instruction and transmits the temperature control instruction to the rapid regulation and control machine; and the industrial personal computer generates a control signal by using the distributed control system according to the temperature control instruction and sends the control signal to the temperature compensation source, the PLC and the multi-pass control unit in the variable topological structure pipe network.
2. The temperature control system for the meshed concrete dam according to claim 1, wherein the real-time sensor (2) comprises a temperature sensor network consisting of temperature sensors (21), a humidity sensor network consisting of humidity sensors (22), a stress sensor network consisting of stress sensors (23), a strain sensor network consisting of strain sensors (24) and a data processor, and the temperature sensor network, the humidity sensor network, the strain sensor network and the stress sensor network are respectively connected with the data processor.
3. The temperature control system of the meshed concrete dam according to claim 1, wherein the variable topology pipe network (33) is a three-dimensional connectivity network, and mesh nodes are arranged at the mutual intersection of the pipelines in the three-dimensional connectivity network, and the mesh nodes are multi-pass control units (331); the variable topological structure pipe network (33) is provided with a plurality of openings, and the openings are connected with the temperature compensation source (32); the variable-topology pipe network (33) controls the topology structure of adjacent mesh nodes by controlling the connectivity between the mesh nodes.
4. The temperature control system of a meshed concrete dam according to claim 1, wherein the multi-way control unit (331) comprises a media cavity, a temperature sensor, a controller, a wireless transceiver module, a plurality of electrically controlled valves and a heating device; the multi-way control unit (331) is provided with a plurality of openings, the medium cavity is provided with an electric control valve close to the opening end, and the control end of the electric control valve is connected with the controller; the heating device is arranged around the medium accommodating cavity, and the control end of the heating device is connected with the controller; the temperature sensor and the wireless transceiver module are respectively connected with the controller.
5. The temperature control system of claim 4, wherein the multi-way control unit is a six-way control unit, and the six-way control unit is provided with 6 openings along three-dimensional coordinate axis direction.
6. The temperature control system for the meshed concrete dam according to claim 1, wherein the temperature control server and the industrial personal computer are respectively provided with a decentralized control system, the decentralized control system on the temperature control server performs configuration monitoring of the real-time induction machine (2) and the rapid control machine (3), and the decentralized control system on the industrial personal computer performs process control of the rapid control machine (3).
7. The temperature control system for the meshed concrete dam according to claim 1, further comprising a simulation and real-time display system, wherein the simulation and real-time display system is respectively connected with the real-time sensor (2) and the database server, and the simulation and real-time display system is used for dam simulation display and real-time display of data of the real-time sensor (2).
8. The temperature control system of claim 4, wherein the heating device is a heating wire or an electrothermal film.
9. The temperature control system for a meshed concrete dam according to any one of claims 1-8, further comprising an insulating layer disposed on the surface of the upstream and downstream dams.
10. The temperature control system for grid concrete dams of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the database server is connected with a dam construction system, a weather forecast system and a dam operation system.
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| JP5973845B2 (en) * | 2012-05-28 | 2016-08-23 | 株式会社安藤・間 | Pipe cooling system and pipe cooling method |
| CN102852145B (en) * | 2012-08-14 | 2014-12-24 | 清华大学 | Method and system for intelligently controlling temperature of concretes of dam under construction |
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| CN105178605B (en) * | 2015-08-07 | 2017-09-05 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Mass concrete intelligent water communication system |
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