Ditital multichannel plant moisture evaporation soil percolation Acquisition Instrument
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of for measuring the electronic device of plant moisture evaporation, soil percolation.
Background technology
In arid and semi-arid lands's water resources rational exploitation process, how rationally utilizing limited water resource to make biological primary productivity obtain high yield is an important research contents.Need to measure various plant evaporation water consumptions and the Changing Pattern within breeding time thereof for this reason.Also need to determine the water use coefficient (being the required water yield of production unit dry) of each Plants simultaneously.These are for formulating irrigation program, rationally control the rational exploitation model that irrigation norm and foundation maintains the ecologic equilibrium and have very important practice significance.The reversionmethods of China's desertification land is also with the reasonable utilization of water resource with set up that to take plant be that main protection system is as main in addition.Yet the stability of protection system depends on local moisture content situation to a great extent.And this moisture content situation is relevant with local climate condition and vegetation state.This is to be dealt in atmosphere because plant constantly consumes aqueous dispersion in growing process.Therefore the instrument of measuring plant fertility water consumption is one of indispensable means for arid and semi-arid area Water Cycle research.This sampling instrument is generally referred to as evapotranspirometer (Lysimeter).
China is one and is subject to desertification to corrode more serious country.Whole nation desertification land has reached 3,580,000 square kilometres, accounts for 37% of national land area, and desertification land is still with the speed increment of 2100 square kilometres/meter.In order to effect a radical cure desertification, must study mensuration plant evaporation water consumption, the relation of the evaporation of monitoring plant moisture, Soil percolation and environment.In scientific experiment activity, at present, plant moisture evaporation, Soil percolation with the unit interval, claim soil, rate of evaporation, and (in millimeter/day), the method for measuring plant evaporation water consumption has following several:
1) the simplest method is that plant leaf is cut from main body, utilizes weighing scale to test twisting force to weigh not the weight change of branches and leaves in the same time.This method, because branches and leaves leave main body, is difficult to obtain true transpiration water consumption in plant growing process;
2) utilize the evaporation principle relevant with atmosphere sun power that underlying surface absorbs conventionally, by radiation heat balancing a survey crop groups overhead evapotranspiration rate.Thereby calculate the clean water consumption of crop.This observation procedure has certain area requirements for the scene of being observed, and error is larger, is difficult to carry out the interim Continuous Observation of crop growth;
3) utilize float-type evapotranspirometer, this equipment cannot observe in the winter time and also equipment manufacturing cost high, in former studies work, once with weighbridge and the research of wide range balance, measured the water consumption of potted plant, because weighbridge precision is low, differentiate rate variance, although and balance precision is high still, the little cost of range is high, all fails to draw the accurate data of plant transpiration.
Summary of the invention
In view of above-mentioned, from reducing instrument experiment error, improve measuring accuracy, object of the present invention is intended to overcome the defect of Weighing type prior art, and a kind of Ditital multichannel plant moisture evaporation soil percolation Acquisition Instrument is provided
.the present invention in container, utilizes electronic scale to measure not the transpiration water consumption that the weight change of a plurality of containers in the same time can obtain crop plant cultivating.
Object of the present invention can realize by following measures:
A kind of Ditital multichannel plant moisture evaporation soil percolation Acquisition Instrument; mainly by container protection cylinder, soil container bucket, LOAD CELLS, weight transmitter, formed; in soil container bucket, be filled with original-pack soil, sandstone filtering layer is arranged at the bottom of bucket, is seated in container protection cylinder.At the bottom of soil container bucket, have holard seepage mouth to be communicated with holard seepage recording gauge, there is footpath stem bar at soil surface place, soil container bucket top, and footpath stem bar connects runoff pipe and runoff recording gauge by going out mouth; Soil container bottom of the barrel is placed LOAD CELLS, and LOAD CELLS is supported by sensor support device, is seated in the basement of weighing; Host data storer connects LOAD CELLS through weight transmitter by signal wire, by electric power supply control system, solar panels, lithium electrical storage cell, to high precision, for Biodge device, is powered; Multi-channel data acquisition memory storage is connected with timing control circuit; Microclimate data acquisition is by air velocity transducer, wind direction sensing, aerial temperature and humidity sensor, rain gage bucket, soil temperature sensor and is configured to, be connected to host data storer, solar panels connect electric power supply control system to the charging of lithium electrical storage cell, and lithium electrical storage cell is powered for Biodge device multi-channel data acquisition memory storage timing control circuit to high precision.
The beneficial effect of advantage of the present invention and generation is:
1, multi-channel data acquisition memory storage has 16 passages, and 48 LOAD CELLS select precision resister strain weighing transducer more suitable.Because three errors of this sensor can be no more than 5/10000ths, stability is superior than other sensors.Carry out the storage of multichannel plant evaporation soil water leakage timing acquiring, provide accurately and Real-time Monitoring Data, can measure the Changing Pattern of crop transpiration water consumption in diel.For tested plant evaporation amount and soil moisture provide scientific basis to the validity of plant.
2, the present invention adopts drum container, and the in-built original-pack soil of container, has seepage mouth at the bottom of drum, and soil percolation seepage, to the interior record of lysimeter, has footpath stem bar with soil level place in container, goes out mouth and connects runoff pipe in runoff register; Container bottom is supported by three LOAD CELLS, when plant moisture transpiration, soil water leakage, rainfall, collects easily different components.Thereby the data that record and plant transpiration, soil water leakage and rainfall data are set up correlationship.
3, the present invention is based on from plant moisture experimental study, the rule of research plant transpiration, the relation of soil water leakage and meteorological element wind speed, wind direction, aerial temperature and humidity and rainfall, by above test, the data of herborization transpiration, foundation is applicable to the pattern of NORTHWEST CHINA plant transpiration and soil water leakage, has developed the instrument of a set of Ditital multichannel monitoring plant moisture evaporation soil percolation.
4, for measuring, plant moisture evaporates, soil percolation Acquisition Instrument changes and carries out METHOD FOR CONTINUOUS DETERMINATION the plant transpiration of container, holard seepage and outdoor microclimate in the present invention, to instructing the reasonable use of water of crops, plant and herbage, the characteristics of motion for moisture in research atmosphere---plant----soil system, formulate irrigation method reasonable, science, using water wisely, promotes crops, plant and herbage growth all will produce positive role.Can meet the requirement that moisture research institute surveys data, can distinguish the diurnal variation of Plant Water Consumption amount, can measure simultaneously in typical case's date time consume Changing Pattern and complete multichannel automatic detecting task.Owing to adopting single trigger circuit data to process, there is rapidly certain advance, for the means of testing improving in the moisture scientific research of husky district, can have a positive effect.
5, the present invention is simple in structure, easy to use, and measuring accuracy is high.Application prospect is extensive.Not only being beneficial to the research of scientific research department, and being applicable to the departments such as observatory's (station), farm, forest farm, is the requisite a kind of instrument of observation plant transpiration.In addition owing to having substantial connection between itself and soil, fertilizer, meteorological element, so it is more accurate to utilize the present invention to set up the numerical value that model observes, uses well research work and gather.For production practices service.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of Ditital multichannel plant moisture evaporation soil percolation Acquisition Instrument, by container protection cylinder 1, soil container bucket 2, LOAD CELLS 3, holard seepage mouth 4, holard seepage recording gauge 5, sensor support device 6, weight transmitter 7, water [proof 8, footpath stem bar 9, runoff pipe 10, runoff recording gauge 11, the basement 12 of weighing, original-pack soil 13, filtering layer 14, host data storer 15, electric power supply control system 16, solar panels 17, lithium electrical storage cell 18, high precision is for Biodge device 19, multi-channel data acquisition memory storage 20, timing control circuit 21, air velocity transducer 22, wind direction sensing 23, aerial temperature and humidity sensor 24, rain gage bucket 25, soil temperature sensor 26, support 27 forms.Soil container bucket 2 specifications: diameter * dark (¢ 1.13 m * 1.5m).Adopt the thick Plate Welding of 5mm to form, and adopt 5 * 5mm angle bar to reinforce, the sandstone moisture filter layer of 100 millimeters thick is arranged at the in-built soil of plant weighing container bottom, is seated in container protection cylinder 1.In inner core bottom, having in addition holard seepage mouth 4 is that zinc-plated floral tube outsourcing polyamide fibre net by diameter 1 inch is welded on interior tube end plate, and Open Side Down and have a faucet coupled, and effect is the deep percolation water of getting rid of in inner core.Inside and outside wall rust cleaning and employing rust protection paint are processed.Container protection cylinder 1 protection bucket is greater than containers size: minimum gap is controlled at 25-30mm.Protection barrel adopts the thick Plate Welding of 5mm to form, and adopts 5 * 5mm angle bar to reinforce, and inside and outside wall rust cleaning and employing rust protection paint are processed.Basement 12 basement bottom boards of weighing adopt reinforced concrete structures, sidewall to adopt 24 thick bricks to be added with in concrete outer wrapping separately to add waterproof layer material and process.The sensor support device 6 fixedly bearing of LOAD CELLS adopts reinforced concrete structure, and pressure transducer top movable bearing adopts the mode that is welded on bottom of the barrel.LOAD CELLS 3 LOAD CELLS select maximum range to be 1000kg, precision is 2/10000ths, and every appearance of a street device supports by 3 LOAD CELLS.The object of selecting 3 LOAD CELLS is in order to improve container stability.Host data storer 15 connects LOAD CELLS 3 by signal wire and supplies Biodge device 19 through weight transmitter 7 and high precision, and electric power supply control system 16 solar panels 17, lithium electrical storage cell 18 power supply high precision are for Biodge device 19.Multi-channel data acquisition memory storage 20 is connected with timing control circuit 21, and, soil water leakage rising to plant moisture carries out multicircuit time collection; Microclimate data acquisition is to consist of air velocity transducer 22, wind direction sensing 23, aerial temperature and humidity sensor 24, rain gage bucket 25, soil temperature sensor 26 and support 27, be connected to host data storer 15, solar panels 17 connect electric power supply control system 16 to 18 chargings of lithium electrical storage cell, and lithium electrical storage cell is powered for Biodge device 19 multi-channel data acquisition memory storages 20, timing control circuit 21 to high precision.
Plant in container, soil water evaporation amount are placed to stand like the legs of a tripod by the circle that decentering radius is 500mm below its bottom of the barrel three radial LOAD CELLS 3 are installed, between sensor and base, with plane pressure-bearing pad, coordinate, can effectively prevent the error that transverse force and thermal expansion force cause.Resistance strain gage in pressure-bearing radial LOAD CELLS is connected into Wheatstone bridge through the compensation of various necessity, and this electric bridge is provided with stable DC voltage, can obtain the voltage signal being directly proportional to container weight from electric bridge output terminal.With high precision arch bridge device, to sensor, power, by multi-channel data acquisition memory storage, the signal voltage value that evaporation changes detected, signal value can be obtained to receptacle divided by voltage-power value sensitivity coefficient of sensor.The general assembly (TW) of container and plant is weighed up.The weight difference in the same time moisture evapotranspiration in being during this period of time not.Acquisition Instrument is also to wind direction simultaneously, air speed value, aerial temperature and humidity and rainfall carry out synchronous acquisition storage field microclimate value, acquisition time is fixed on substantially synchronizes with meteorological observation 8 of 8 a.m. and evenings, and this method is accurate and visual, and can realize Continuous Observation is classical evaporation observation procedure.This evapotranspirometer can be measured the Changing Pattern of crop transpiration water consumption in diel.General is all that ground is exposed or plant the soil container that has plant, utilizes its to measure in soil container and comes the water yield and water discharge in the given period, determines each project in water balance equation.Its Representation Equation is as follows:
(1-1), in formula, carry out the water yield:
--annual precipitation (mm),
--irrigation quantity (mm), water discharge:
--evapotranspiration (mm),
--the leakage (mm) of deep soil,
--the variable quantity (mm) of soil moisture content,
--rainwash, the water yield (mm) of inflow or outflow lysimeter.
While manufacturing and designing lysimeter, soil container edge is all above the ground level, and to prevent the level exchange of surface water, because generally very little at plains region rainwash, the exchange of holard level is few, therefore
=0.Like this, equation can be rewritten as:
(1-2), here
with
be easy to directly calculate with volumetric standard,
can measure with automatic tilting bucket rain,
can be with directly weighing and record.Like this, can obtain easily
.When there is no precipitation or irrigation and seepage, directly weighing obtains
be
.In this sense, by direct measurement
and obtain
, think direct weighing measurement
.Through Acquisition Instrument being demarcated with national fourth class standard test weight.