CN106680182A - Automatic measurement device for saturated hydraulic conductivity of soil - Google Patents
Automatic measurement device for saturated hydraulic conductivity of soil Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106680182A CN106680182A CN201710094033.0A CN201710094033A CN106680182A CN 106680182 A CN106680182 A CN 106680182A CN 201710094033 A CN201710094033 A CN 201710094033A CN 106680182 A CN106680182 A CN 106680182A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- water
- dust
- hydraulic conductivity
- collecting bucket
- rotating shaft
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 149
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 210000000481 breast Anatomy 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 17
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002619 bicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000234 capsid Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/30—Assessment of water resources
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of soil property measurement, in particular to an automatic measurement device for saturated hydraulic conductivity of soil. The device comprises a water supply assembly and a measuring assembly, wherein the measuring assembly comprises a permeation water collecting component, a leakage water collecting component and a counting component; the water supply assembly is connected with the permeation water collecting component, the leakage water collecting component comprises a rotating shaft and a plurality of collecting containers, openings of the collecting containers are located below a water outlet of the permeation water collecting component, the plurality of collecting containers are arranged on the outer wall of the rotating shaft circumferentially and uniformly and turn over slantwise after being filled with a preset amount of water to drive the rotating shaft to rotate, and touch rods in one-to-one correspondence with the collecting containers are arranged on the rotating shaft; the counting component comprises a recording pen and a recording paper device, and when the touch rods rotate, the recording pen can be shifted to mark on recording paper conveyed by the recording paper device at constant speed. The device omits the human operation of reading and measuring when the amount of permeation water is measured, random errors caused by human reading are also avoided, the measurement precision is high, actual operation and use are facilitated, and the measurement efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical field
Dress is automatically determined the present invention relates to soil property determination techniques field, more particularly to a kind of saturated hydraulic conductivity in soil
Put.
Background technology
Saturated hydraulic conductivity in soil, refer to soil by water saturation when, by the water of unit area in the unit interval.Differently
Area's soil property is different, and orographic condition difference, different soils depth and vegetation pattern influence etc. is all made to saturated hydraulic conductivity in soil
Into different degrees of influence, additionally, also relevant with the soil texture, structure, salt content, water content etc..Determine soil saturation
Hydraulic conductivity has important scientific meaning to the further understanding of soil physical properties.
It is indoor core cutter method to determine saturated hydraulic conductivity in soil most common method at present.Its principle is to take undisturbed soil with cutting ring
Sample, after immersion, under unit hydraulic pressure gradient, according to Darcy's law, tries to achieve by perpendicular to the unit soil section of water (flow) direction
The saturated hydraulic conductivity or infiltration coefficient of long-pending water velocity, referred to as soil.Conventional chambers core cutter method determination step is：Taken with cutting ring
Undisturbed soil sample, takes back interior and removes upper lid, and lower cover changes the eyelet bottom equipped with a metafiltration paper into, after immersion saturation, takes idle loop knife
Bonded with adhesive plaster melten gel with cutting ring sample, be put into the upper and lower beaker of funnel and accept.Idle loop knife upward adds water, and funnel drips out
Beginning timing, the water in certain hour measures beaker with graduated cylinder, until stabilization stops.Soil saturation is calculated by Darcy's law
Hydraulic conductivity.
Conventional indoor core cutter method, it is higher with the requirement of adhesive plaster melten gel adhesion process in the sample that saturation is reached to immersion,
And taken time and effort when being determined to batch sample, also there is drainage in continuous mode, cause determination data bigger than normal, as a result not
It is reliable.
According to indoor core cutter method when Multi-example measure is carried out, there are two methods.One kind is to make many collar knife systems to come
Determine simultaneously, but the artificial randomness for adding water causes the head of multiple samples to be pressed and unequal in continuous mode.Another kind is
After having determined a sample, continue the measure of next sample, the Systematic Errors for causing different sample rooms to determine are larger.Both
Method all consumes substantial amounts of manpower and time.
Meanwhile, indoor core cutter method causes to survey in the reading process for oozing out water, there is the random error of artificial reading
Determine the precision reduction of result, this error randomness increases and takes time and effort especially when being determined to batch sample.
The content of the invention
(1) technical problem to be solved
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to solve existing saturated hydraulic conductivity in soil assay method to be controlled by artificial
Water filling processed and reading, the low problem of the big precision of evaluated error.
(2) technical scheme
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the invention provides a kind of saturated hydraulic conductivity in soil apparatus for automatically measuring, including
Water supply component and components of assays, the components of assays include infiltration Water collection unit, accept seepage wet part and counter block, described
Water supply component is connected with the infiltration Water collection unit, and the undertaking seepage wet part includes rotating shaft and multiple bearing containers, described
The opening of bearing container is circumferentially uniformly arranged on positioned at the delivery port lower section of the infiltration Water collection unit, multiple bearing containers
On the outer wall of the rotating shaft, the water rear-inclined upset that the bearing container accepts scheduled volume drives the axis of rotation, described turn
Axle be provided with the one-to-one feeler lever of the bearing container, the counter block include recording pen and recording sheet device, it is described touch
Bar can stir the recording pen and be marked in the recording sheet that the recording sheet device is at the uniform velocity conveyed when rotating.
Wherein, the bearing container is eccentric barrel, and the deviation of gravity center of the eccentric barrel is put down vertically after the water of undertaking scheduled volume
Face, the perpendicular is the plane that the diameter that the rotating shaft is vertically gone up is formed with the axis of the rotating shaft.
Wherein, the rotating shaft includes fixing axle and sleeve, and the eccentric barrel is fixed on the outer wall of the sleeve, the set
Jacket casing located at the outside of the fixing axle, the inwall of the sleeve the position of the correspondence eccentric barrel wedge shape is set it is first convex
Rise, the fixing axle outer wall on set wedge-shaped second raised with what first projection contacts coordinated.
Wherein, the recording sheet device includes transmission mechanism and rate controlling mechanism, and the transmission mechanism includes Timing Belt, active
Wheel, driven pulley and breast wheel, the driving wheel are connected with the driven pulley by Timing Belt, the driven pulley and the breast wheel
It is coaxially disposed, the paper roll of recording sheet is coaxially disposed with the driving wheel, recording sheet bypasses the rate controlling mechanism and the breast wheel
Connection.
Wherein, the rate controlling mechanism is escapement, including escape wheel, escapement lever and double-arc spline, the escapement lever and institute
The conjunction of escapement wheel fork is stated, the wheel shaft that recording sheet bypasses the escape wheel is connected with the breast wheel, caught described in the double-arc spline control
Vertical fork swings.
Wherein, the infiltration Water collection unit includes dust-collecting bucket and funnel, and the bottom of the dust-collecting bucket is provided with latticed hole, and
It is connected with the funnel, the top of the dust-collecting bucket is connected with the water supply component, the internal diameter of the top staving of the dust-collecting bucket
Equal with cutting ring internal diameter, the internal diameter of the lower bucket of the dust-collecting bucket is equal with cutting ring external diameter, the lower bucket of the dust-collecting bucket
It is provided with enabling, the outer wall parcel rubber layer of the dust-collecting bucket.
Wherein, the recording pen is fixed by penholder, and the penholder is provided with rigid connecting rod and flexible jointing-rod, described
Rigid connecting rod is connected with the middle part of the recording pen, and two flexible jointing-rods are located at the rigid connecting rod both sides respectively
It is connected with the recording pen.
Wherein, the water supply component includes supply tank and the bung that catchments, and the bung that catchments is described to catchment for hollow housing
Bung is provided with interconnected water inlet and the first delivery port, the water inlet of the delivery port of the supply tank and the bung that catchments
Mouthful connection, the bung that catchments is connected with the screw top of the dust-collecting bucket, and the bung that catchments the first delivery port and institute
Dust-collecting bucket connection is stated, the supply tank is provided with breather pipe, and the breather pipe is stretched into the supply tank, and the breather pipe
The upper surface flush of bottom and the bung that catchments.
Wherein, also including tank, the tank is located at the lower section of the undertaking seepage wet part, and the tank width
More than the A/F of the bearing container.
Wherein, the components of assays is multigroup, and the dust-collecting bucket is covered and is additionally provided with the second delivery port, multigroup determination part
In the two neighboring described bung that catchments in part, the second delivery port of the bung that catchmented described in and the bung that catchmented described in another
Water inlet connection, multiple tanks are sequentially communicated.
(3) beneficial effect
Above-mentioned technical proposal of the invention has the following advantages that：Saturated hydraulic conductivity in soil apparatus for automatically measuring of the present invention oozes
The soil cutting ring sample of immersion saturation is placed with saturating Water collection unit, water supply component is to water filling in infiltration Water collection unit, water penetration soil
After earth cutting ring sample by infiltration Water collection unit delivery port flow into accept seepage wet part bearing container in, a bearing container
Load the water rear-inclined upset of scheduled volume, another bearing container synchronous axial system adjacent thereto extremely permeates the water outlet of Water collection unit
Below mouthful, continuation undertaking percolating water, touch pole corresponding tilting fixation in rotating shaft with bearing container, bearing container is when rotating
Synchronous drive rotates with touch pole.Touch pole can contact the recording pen for stirring counter block when rotating, and recording sheet device at the uniform velocity goes out
Paper, recording pen near recording sheet, when touch pole stirs recording pen, recording pen can in recording sheet marking, touch pole turns
Dynamic once recording pen is turned to and data record is made in recording sheet, and touch pole is turned over, and recording pen position is restored, with this process weight
Again so as to carry out data record.Automatic undertaking of the present invention by accepting seepage wet part is rotated, so as to keep constant water automatically
Head and continuous data, save the artificial operation of reading metering when determining amount of seepage, it also avoid artificial reading and exist
Random error, certainty of measurement is high, time saving and energy saving, continuous mode automation, it is easy to which practical operation is used, and improves measure effect
Rate.Simple structure of the present invention, easy to assembly, can connect completion according to determination sample number by connection member simultaneously, and device is each
Departmental cost is relatively low, it is easy to which operation introduces daily measure and uses.
Except it is described above present invention solves the technical problem that, constitute technical scheme technical characteristic and have this
Outside the advantage that the technical characteristic of a little technical schemes is brought, what other technical characteristics of the invention and these technical characteristics brought
Advantage, will further illustrate with reference to accompanying drawing.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of embodiment of the present invention saturated hydraulic conductivity in soil apparatus for automatically measuring；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the undertaking infiltration wet part of embodiment of the present invention saturated hydraulic conductivity in soil apparatus for automatically measuring
Figure；
Fig. 3 is the structural scheme of mechanism of the recording sheet device of embodiment of the present invention saturated hydraulic conductivity in soil apparatus for automatically measuring；
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the escapement of embodiment of the present invention saturated hydraulic conductivity in soil apparatus for automatically measuring；
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the infiltration Water collection unit of embodiment of the present invention saturated hydraulic conductivity in soil apparatus for automatically measuring
Figure；
Fig. 6 is the recording pen of embodiment of the present invention saturated hydraulic conductivity in soil apparatus for automatically measuring under for non-working condition
Structural representation；
Fig. 7 is knot of the recording pen of embodiment of the present invention saturated hydraulic conductivity in soil apparatus for automatically measuring under for working condition
Structure schematic diagram；
Fig. 8 is the structural representation of the bung that catchments of embodiment of the present invention saturated hydraulic conductivity in soil apparatus for automatically measuring；
Structure when Fig. 9 is the multigroup components of assays of setting of embodiment of the present invention saturated hydraulic conductivity in soil apparatus for automatically measuring
Schematic diagram.
In figure：1：Water supply component；2：Accept seepage wet part；3：Infiltration Water collection unit；4：Counter block；5：Recording sheet；
6：Tank；11：Supply tank；12：Catchment bung；21：Rotating shaft；22：Bearing container；23：Feeler lever；31：Dust-collecting bucket；32：Funnel；
41：Recording pen；42：Recording sheet device；43：Penholder；111：Breather pipe；121：Water inlet；122：First delivery port；123：Second goes out
The mouth of a river；211：Fixing axle；212：Sleeve；221：Eccentric barrel；311：Open the door；312：Rubber layer；313：Latticed hole；421：Transmission
Mechanism；422：Escapement；431：Rigid connecting rod；432：Flexible jointing-rod；2111：Second is raised；2121：First is raised；
4211：Timing Belt；4212：Driving wheel；4213：Driven pulley；4214：Breast wheel；4221：Escape wheel；4222：Escapement lever；4223：
Double-arc spline.
Specific embodiment
To make the purpose, technical scheme and advantage of the embodiment of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention
In accompanying drawing, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is
A part of embodiment of the invention, rather than whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, ordinary skill people
The every other embodiment that member is obtained on the premise of creative work is not made, belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
In the description of the invention, it is necessary to illustrate, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, term " installation ", " phase
Company ", " connection " should be interpreted broadly, for example, it may be being fixedly connected, or being detachably connected, or be integrally connected；Can
Being to mechanically connect, or electrically connect；Can be joined directly together, it is also possible to be indirectly connected to by intermediary, Ke Yishi
Two connections of element internal.For the ordinary skill in the art, with concrete condition above-mentioned term can be understood at this
Concrete meaning in invention.
Additionally, in the description of the invention, unless otherwise indicated, " multiple ", " many ", " multigroup " be meant that two or
Two or more, " several ", " some ", " some groups " are meant that one or more.
As shown in figure 1, saturated hydraulic conductivity in soil apparatus for automatically measuring provided in an embodiment of the present invention, including water supply component 1
And components of assays, components of assays includes infiltration Water collection unit 3, accepts seepage wet part 2 and counter block 4, water supply component 1 with ooze
Saturating Water collection unit 3 is connected, and accepting seepage wet part 2 includes rotating shaft 21 and multiple bearing containers 22, the opening position of bearing container 22
In the delivery port lower section of infiltration Water collection unit 3, multiple bearing containers 22 are circumferential to be uniformly arranged on the outer wall of rotating shaft 21, is accepted and is held
The water rear-inclined upset that device 22 accepts scheduled volume drives rotating shaft 21 to rotate, and rotating shaft 21 is provided with one-to-one with bearing container 22
Feeler lever 23, counter block 4 includes recording pen 41 and recording sheet device 42, and feeler lever 23 can stir recording pen 41 in recording sheet device when rotating
Marked in 42 recording sheets 5 at the uniform velocity conveying.
The soil ring of immersion saturation is placed with the infiltration Water collection unit of saturated hydraulic conductivity in soil apparatus for automatically measuring of the present invention
Knife sample, water supply component to infiltration Water collection unit in water filling, by the water outlet of infiltration Water collection unit after water penetration soil cutting ring sample
Mouth is flowed into the bearing container for accepting seepage wet part, and a bearing container loads the water rear-inclined upset of scheduled volume, with its phase
Another adjacent bearing container synchronous axial system continues to accept percolating water to the delivery port lower section for permeating Water collection unit, touch pole with
Bearing container corresponding tilting fixation in rotating shaft, bearing container synchronously drives same touch pole to rotate when rotating.Touch pole exists
The recording pen for stirring counter block can be contacted during rotation, recording sheet device at the uniform velocity paper delivery, recording pen is dialled near recording sheet in touch pole
During dynamic recording pen, recording pen can in recording sheet marking, touch pole rotated once, and recording pen turned to and made in recording sheet
Data record, touch pole is turned over, and recording pen position is restored, and is repeated so as to carry out data record with this process.The present invention is by holding
The automatic undertaking for connecing seepage wet part is rotated, so as to keep constant head and continuous data automatically, saves measure amount of seepage
When reading metering artificial operation, it also avoid the random error that artificial reading is present, certainty of measurement is high, time saving and energy saving,
Continuous mode is automated, it is easy to which practical operation is used, and improves determination efficiency.Simple structure of the present invention, easy to assembly simultaneously, can
Connected by connection member according to determination sample number and completed, device each several part cost is relatively low, it is easy to which operation introduces daily measure
Use.
Specifically, as shown in Fig. 2 bearing container 22 be eccentric barrel 221, accept scheduled volume water after eccentric barrel 221 weight
The heart deviates perpendicular, and perpendicular is the plane that the diameter that rotating shaft 21 is vertically gone up is formed with the axis of rotating shaft 21.This
Bearing container is four and half truncated cone-shaped eccentric barrels in embodiment, and eccentric bottom of the barrel is connected with rotating shaft, eccentric barrel can according to soil sand,
Earth, stick nature difference and use different supporting specifications, it is higher to Different Soil applicability.One of eccentric barrel is located at
It is the poised state of bearing container when permeating below the delivery port of Water collection unit, as water gradually flows into eccentric barrel, in eccentric barrel
When water reaches predetermined amount, the vertical plane that the vertical diameter and axis of the overall deviation of gravity center rotating shaft of eccentric barrel are collectively formed, partially
Heart bucket is under the Action of Gravity Field of water to eccentric side inclination flip, rotating shaft concomitant rotation, so that adjacent next eccentric barrel turn
To the delivery port lower section of infiltration Water collection unit, bearing container restores balance state.
Wherein, rotating shaft 21 includes fixing axle 211 and sleeve 212, and eccentric barrel 221 is fixed on the outer wall of sleeve 212, sleeve
212 outsides for being sheathed on fixing axle 211, the inwall of sleeve 212 sets the first projection of wedge shape in the position of correspondence eccentric barrel 221
2121, fixing axle 211 outer wall on the second wedge-shaped projection 2111 for being engaged with the first projection 223 is set.Rotating shaft bag
Include the sleeve of fixed fixing axle and coaxial sleeve in fixing axle, the circumferential uniform fixed eccentric barrel of sleeve outer wall, inwall
The projection of wedge shape first is set, and fixing axle outer wall also sets the wedge-shaped second raised, two convex wedges in the correspondence position connected with sleeve
Shape face is relative and contact, it is ensured that bearing container is in equilbrium position, after an eccentric barrel accepts scheduled volume water, water and eccentric barrel
Common weight can act power to the first projection, and the first projection produces one to the second projection perpendicular to connecing on the contact surface
Power of the contacting surface to eccentric side diagonally downward, because the first projection is plastic material with the second projection, reaches certain stress bar
During part can the amount of being deformed, power eliminate after deformation-recovery, the poised state that this power diagonally downward has broken bearing container makes
Eccentric barrel inclination flip, while next eccentric barrel is flipped up, the water in previous eccentric barrel will be drained with its upset, be arranged
Empty eccentric barrel makes bearing container come back to poised state in the presence of bulging deformation reply, and wait overturns next time, by
This realizes the upset of bearing container, and automaticity is improved, and determination efficiency is improved.
Further, as shown in figure 3, recording sheet device 42 includes transmission mechanism 421 and rate controlling mechanism, transmission mechanism 421 is wrapped
Timing Belt 4211, driving wheel 4212, driven pulley 4213 and breast wheel 4214 are included, driving wheel 4212 is with driven pulley 4213 by synchronous
Band 4211 is connected, and driven pulley 4213 is coaxially disposed with breast wheel 4214, and paper roll and the driving wheel 4212 of recording sheet 5 are coaxially disposed,
Recording sheet 5 bypasses rate controlling mechanism and is connected with breast wheel 4214.Recording sheet device is two rotating wheels and breast wheel that Timing Belt is connected,
Wherein certain distance can be co-axially mounted paper roll to driving wheel in the horizontal direction, realize the paper delivery of recording sheet, and driving wheel passes through
Toothed belt transmission drives driven pulley to rotate, and breast wheel is coaxially disposed and synchronous rotary with driven pulley, and recording sheet is in rate controlling mechanism
Breast wheel is sent to according to certain speed under regulation, so as to realize the collection to labeled recording sheet at breast wheel.
Wherein, as shown in figure 4, rate controlling mechanism is escapement 422, including escape wheel 4221, escapement lever 4222 and double circles
Disk 4223, escapement lever 4222 is pitched with escape wheel 4221 and closed, and recording sheet 5 bypasses the wheel shaft of escape wheel 4221 and breast wheel 4214 connects
Connect, the control escapement lever 4222 of double-arc spline 4223 swings.The rate controlling mechanism used in the present embodiment is common escapement, escapement
The double-arc spline of mechanism controls the swing of escapement lever, can the jaw of escapement lever snap in the wheel between cog of escape wheel, so as to realize that control is caught
The uniform rotation of vertical wheel, recording sheet bypasses escape wheel wheel shaft, therefore also controls the movement velocity of recording sheet in the lump, additionally, escapement
Cladding rubber layer is gone back on the wheel shaft of wheel, for protecting recording sheet not wear and tear rupture when recording sheet bypasses contact.Control of the invention
Fast mechanism can also be using the component of the achievable regulator drive functions such as rotor electric machine.
Further, as shown in figure 5, infiltration Water collection unit 3 includes dust-collecting bucket 31 and funnel 32, the bottom of dust-collecting bucket 31 sets
There is latticed hole 313, and the bottom of dust-collecting bucket 31 is connected with funnel 32, the top of dust-collecting bucket 31 is connected with water supply component 1, catchments
The internal diameter of the top staving of bucket 31 is equal with cutting ring internal diameter, and the internal diameter of the lower bucket of dust-collecting bucket 31 is equal with cutting ring external diameter, collection
The lower bucket of bucket 31 is provided with enabling 311, the outer wall parcel rubber layer 312 of dust-collecting bucket 31.Infiltration Water collection unit is bicyclic
The dust-collecting bucket and funnel of knife up, dust-collecting bucket connect realization with water supply component to water filling in bucket, and dust-collecting bucket outside is wrapped up for sealing
The rubber layer of preventing water leakage, the netful trellis hole of bucket base fabric, edge of opening and the bucket bottom close proximity, the first half of dust-collecting bucket of funnel
The internal diameter of staving is cutting ring internal diameter, and the internal diameter of lower half staving sets enabling, opens the door and beat for cutting ring external diameter and on lower cylinder
Opening can load soil cutting ring sample, have closure to detain at enabling closure.After the top staving of dust-collecting bucket is filled water by water supply component, water
Oozed out after soil cutting ring sample in lower infiltration lower bucket, by funnel flow into accept seepage wet part in, when measure reaches
A thin round iron plate is can be inserted into after stabilization on dust-collecting bucket, thin circular iron sheet section is equal with dust-collecting bucket top area of section.It is conventional
Indoor core cutter method continuous mode in need artificially to add water, head is non-constant in causing continuous mode, partly with automatic watering
Also there are different sample room heads in multiple sample determinations in improved device.Conventional indoor cutting ring is determined
Method and the device being partially improved load part and also there are problems that the loading that is adhesively fixed of sample in sample, and the present invention can by setting
The dust-collecting bucket for loading soil cutting ring sample is opened, the early stage operational issue of sample is solved.
Specifically, as shown in Figures 6 and 7, recording pen 41 is fixed by penholder 43, and penholder 43 is provided with rigid connecting rod 431
With flexible jointing-rod 432, rigid connecting rod 431 is connected with the middle part of recording pen 41, and two flexible jointing-rods 432 are located at firm respectively
The property both sides of connecting rod 431 are connected with recording pen 41.Recording pen is fixed on feeler lever end and can contact the height stirred by penholder, and
It is separated by a distance with recording sheet level in the state of the equilibrium, can be formed an angle with the paper shape of recording sheet, feeler lever is being stirred
During recording pen, the rigid connecting rod of recording pen connection, it is ensured that the height and position of recording pen is fixed, the flexibility of rigid connecting rod both sides
The controllable recording pen of connecting rod is swung and resets, and is marked in recording sheet during swing, and feeler lever is turned over and leaves recording pen, and recording pen exists
Flexible jointing-rod drives lower reset, and flexible jointing-rod can use quality of rubber materials.
In addition, as illustrated in figures 1 and 8, water supply component 1 includes supply tank 11 and the bung 12 that catchments, during the bung 12 that catchments is
Empty capsid, the bung 12 that catchments is provided with the interconnected delivery port 122 of water inlet 121 and first, the delivery port of supply tank 11 with
The water inlet 121 of bung 12 of catchmenting is connected, and the bung 12 that catchments is connected with the screw top of dust-collecting bucket 31, and the bung 12 that catchments
One delivery port 122 is connected with dust-collecting bucket 31, and supply tank 11 is provided with breather pipe 111, and breather pipe 111 is stretched into supply tank 11, and
The upper surface flush of the bottom of breather pipe 111 and the bung 12 that catchments.Supply tank is provided with water inlet, blow vent and delivery port, enters
The supporting closure lid for screwing up screw thread is equipped with the mouth of a river, blow vent, delivery port connects the water inlet of the bung that catchments, collection by pipeline
Bucket Cover is provided with screw thread on the outside of the first delivery port, and there is the spiral shell with bung mating connection of catchmenting the top cylinder inner side of dust-collecting bucket
Line, after the water of supply tank enters the bung that catchments by collecting the water inlet of water cover bucket, by bung and the dust-collecting bucket coupling part of catchmenting
First delivery port of upper setting enters in dust-collecting bucket.Breather pipe is stretched into supply tank, and before measure starts, breather pipe is closed, and is opened
To water filling in supply tank, water opens breather pipe to water inlet after filling, while opening delivery port makes current direction dust-collecting bucket, continues to confession
Water filling in bucket, keeps the position of the breather pipe lower end water surface constant, so that being supplied to infiltration Water collection unit in ensureing continuous mode
The pressure of water is constant, it is to avoid the input of manpower and artificial error, increases the accuracy for determining device.
Wherein, saturated hydraulic conductivity in soil apparatus for automatically measuring of the present invention also includes tank 6, and tank 6 is located at accepts percolating water
The lower section of part 2, and tank 6 width more than bearing container 22 A/F.Tank is right against accepts seepage wet part
Lower section is provided as receiving water drainage part, and tank is wider than opening the widest part of bearing container, and tank will receive bearing container and pour into
Water discharged, solve and accept the Recycling that seepage wet part discharges water.
Wherein, as shown in figure 9, components of assays is multigroup, the second delivery port 123, multigroup survey are additionally provided with the bung 12 that catchments
In determining the two neighboring bung 12 that catchments in part, second delivery port 123 of the bung 12 that catchments and another bung that catchments
12 water inlet 121 is connected, and multiple tanks 6 are sequentially communicated.Infiltration Water collection unit, undertaking seepage wet part and counter block are common
One group of components of assays is constituted, the present invention can be set multigroup components of assays, can be while parallel determination multiple pedotheques, not only surveying
Automatically for each sample provides identical and constant head, the identical constant water pressure condition of guarantee sample room, reduction during fixed
It is error between determination sample, and the amount of seepage of each sample can automatically be counted, it is time saving and energy saving, additionally,
The difference of the saturation time of different soils sample can also be directed to, using the undertaking seepage water installations of different size.Adjacent two
Connected by the bung that catchments between group components of assays, the water inlet of the second delivery port of the previous bung that catchments and the latter individual bung that catchments
Mouth is connected by pipeline, and there is the screw thread for matching and screwing up at the position that is connected.
Operating method of the present embodiment when experiment is applied to：
(1) covered on the soil cutting ring sample for taking field operation and removed, lower cover changes the mesh bottom for being lined with filter paper into, is put into flat
In chassis, edge on the water surface slightly less than cutting ring is injected and kept.General sand soaks 4-6 hours, and loam 8-12 hours, clay 24 is small
When.
(2) in sample soak time, choose and survey the supporting undertaking seepage wet part of pedotheque, one is determined in advance
It is individual to accept all waters flowed out when seepage water receptacle is rotated, water scheduled volume is accepted with this determination accordingly.According to institute's test sample product
Quantity chooses components of assays and completes assembling, according to the undertaking seepage wet part of the selected different size of surveyed properties of samples.
The scheduled volume of bearing container reclaimed water determines that method is, first bearing container is rotated in rotating shaft before experiment is predicted
Examination, will load water in bearing container, after bearing container is rotated, the water being loaded into is measured, and it is average that repetition test takes measurement
Value is defined as accepting the scheduled volume of water.
(3) in timing certain hour, the amount of recording sheet paper delivery is intercepted, calculates recording sheet in the unit interval walks how many.
(4) soaked soil cutting ring sample, is loaded dust-collecting bucket by the closure button of device for opening dust-collecting bucket upward-acting door, is shut
Closure button.
(5) open escapement or rotor electric machine comes into operation, drive recording sheet device paper delivery.
(6) water inlet and blow vent of supply tank are opened, injection water is to infiltration Water collection unit until last determination part
Second delivery port water outlet of the bung that catchments of part, lid is added a cover in the second delivery port of last bung that catchments, and is added water
Until reaching the 1.8-2.5 times of water of institute's test sample product same volume, screw up into water lid, stop adding water.
(7) after half truncated cone-shaped eccentric barrel below the funnel of infiltration Water collection unit fills percolating water, eccentric barrel adds percolating water
Eccentric barrel is set to drive axis of rotation again, touch pole in rotating shaft also concomitant rotation, touch pole stirs recording pen, what is at the uniform velocity risen
Record is made in recording sheet；Next eccentric barrel is similarly operated after filling.The automatic record of data is reached.
(8) reach and generally determine the deadline or judge that measure reaches stabilization by being kept a record on observed and recorded paper
Can stop, upper section is horizontally inserted a round iron plate at the enabling of infiltration Water collection unit, stop escapement or turn off electricity
Machine rotor, stops the measure of this sample.Sample and recording sheet are taken out, cleaning device or treats that next time uses.
In sum, it is placed with immersion saturation in the infiltration Water collection unit of saturated hydraulic conductivity in soil apparatus for automatically measuring of the present invention
Soil cutting ring sample, water supply component to infiltration Water collection unit in water filling, by infiltration water collecting part after water penetration soil cutting ring sample
The delivery port of part is flowed into the bearing container for accepting seepage wet part, and the water rear-inclined of a bearing container loading scheduled volume is turned over
Turn, another bearing container synchronous axial system adjacent thereto continues to accept percolating water to the delivery port lower section for permeating Water collection unit,
Touch pole corresponding tilting fixation in rotating shaft with bearing container, bearing container synchronously drives same touch pole to rotate when rotating.
Touch pole can contact the recording pen for stirring counter block when rotating, and recording sheet device at the uniform velocity paper delivery, recording pen is close to recording sheet,
When touch pole stirs recording pen, recording pen can in recording sheet marking, touch pole rotate once, recording pen turns to record
Data record is made on paper, touch pole is turned over, recording pen position is restored, repeated so as to carry out data record with this process.This hair
The bright automatic undertaking by accepting seepage wet part is rotated, so as to keep constant head and continuous data automatically, saves measure
The artificial operation of reading metering during amount of seepage, it also avoid the random error that artificial reading is present, and certainty of measurement is high, saves
Shi Shengli, continuous mode automation, it is easy to which practical operation is used, and improves determination efficiency.Simple structure of the present invention, assembling simultaneously
It is convenient, can be connected by connection member according to determination sample number and completed, device each several part cost is relatively low, it is easy to which operation introduces day
Often determine and use.
Finally it should be noted that：The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than its limitations；Although
The present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those within the art that：It still may be used
Modified with to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or equivalent is carried out to which part technical characteristic；
And these modification or replace, do not make appropriate technical solution essence depart from various embodiments of the present invention technical scheme spirit and
Scope.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of saturated hydraulic conductivity in soil apparatus for automatically measuring, it is characterised in that：Including water supply component and components of assays, the survey
Determining part includes infiltration Water collection unit, accepts seepage wet part and counter block, the water supply component and the infiltration water collecting part
Part is connected, and the undertaking seepage wet part includes rotating shaft and multiple bearing containers, and the opening of the bearing container is located at described oozing
The delivery port lower section of saturating Water collection unit, multiple bearing containers are circumferentially uniformly arranged on the outer wall of the rotating shaft, described to hold
The water rear-inclined upset drive axis of rotation that container accepts scheduled volume is connect, the rotating shaft is provided with and the bearing container one
One corresponding feeler lever, the counter block includes recording pen and recording sheet device, and the feeler lever can stir the recording pen when rotating
Marked in the recording sheet that the recording sheet device is at the uniform velocity conveyed.
2. saturated hydraulic conductivity in soil apparatus for automatically measuring according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The bearing container is
Eccentric barrel, accepts the deviation of gravity center perpendicular of the eccentric barrel after the water of scheduled volume, and the perpendicular is the rotating shaft edge
The plane that diameter on vertical direction is formed with the axis of the rotating shaft.
3. saturated hydraulic conductivity in soil apparatus for automatically measuring according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The rotating shaft includes solid
Dead axle and sleeve, the eccentric barrel are fixed on the outer wall of the sleeve, and the sleeve is sheathed on the outside of the fixing axle, institute
State the inwall of sleeve the position of the correspondence eccentric barrel wedge shape is set it is first raised, the fixing axle outer wall on set
It is raised with wedge-shaped second that first projection contacts coordinate.
4. saturated hydraulic conductivity in soil apparatus for automatically measuring according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The recording sheet device bag
Transmission mechanism and rate controlling mechanism are included, the transmission mechanism includes Timing Belt, driving wheel, driven pulley and breast wheel, the driving wheel
Be connected by Timing Belt with the driven pulley, the driven pulley is coaxially disposed with the breast wheel, the paper roll of recording sheet with it is described
Driving wheel is coaxially disposed, and recording sheet bypasses the rate controlling mechanism and is connected with the breast wheel.
5. saturated hydraulic conductivity in soil apparatus for automatically measuring according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：The rate controlling mechanism is
Escapement, including escape wheel, escapement lever and double-arc spline, the escapement lever are closed with the escapement wheel fork, and recording sheet bypasses described
The wheel shaft of escape wheel is connected with the breast wheel, and the double-arc spline controls the escapement lever to swing.
6. saturated hydraulic conductivity in soil apparatus for automatically measuring according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The infiltration water collecting part
Part includes dust-collecting bucket and funnel, and the bottom of the dust-collecting bucket is provided with latticed hole, and is connected with the funnel, the dust-collecting bucket
Top is connected with the water supply component, and the internal diameter of the top staving of the dust-collecting bucket is equal with cutting ring internal diameter, the dust-collecting bucket
The internal diameter of lower bucket is equal with cutting ring external diameter, and the lower bucket of the dust-collecting bucket is provided with enabling, the outer wall of the dust-collecting bucket
Parcel rubber layer.
7. saturated hydraulic conductivity in soil apparatus for automatically measuring according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：The recording pen passes through
Penholder is fixed, and the penholder is provided with rigid connecting rod and flexible jointing-rod, in the rigid connecting rod and the recording pen
Portion connects, and two flexible jointing-rods are connected positioned at the rigid connecting rod both sides with the recording pen respectively.
8. the saturated hydraulic conductivity in soil apparatus for automatically measuring according to claim 1-7 any one, it is characterised in that：It is described
Water supply component includes supply tank and the bung that catchments, and the dust-collecting bucket is covered and is provided with interconnected water inlet and the first delivery port,
The delivery port of the supply tank is connected with the water inlet of the bung that catchments, bung and the top spiral shell of the dust-collecting bucket of catchmenting
Line is connected, and the first delivery port of the bung that catchments is connected with the dust-collecting bucket, and the supply tank is provided with breather pipe, described
Breather pipe is stretched into the supply tank, and the bottom of the breather pipe and the bung that catchments upper surface flush.
9. saturated hydraulic conductivity in soil apparatus for automatically measuring according to claim 8, it is characterised in that：Also include tank, institute
The lower section that tank is located at the undertaking seepage wet part is stated, and the width of the tank is wide more than the opening of the bearing container
Degree.
10. saturated hydraulic conductivity in soil apparatus for automatically measuring according to claim 9, it is characterised in that：The components of assays
For multigroup, the dust-collecting bucket is covered and is additionally provided with the second delivery port, the two neighboring described dust-collecting bucket in multigroup components of assays
Gai Zhong, the second delivery port of the bung that catchmented described in is connected with the water inlet of the bung that catchmented another Suo Shu, multiple water
Groove is sequentially communicated.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710094033.0A CN106680182B (en) | 2017-02-21 | 2017-02-21 | Automatic measuring device for saturated water conductivity of soil |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710094033.0A CN106680182B (en) | 2017-02-21 | 2017-02-21 | Automatic measuring device for saturated water conductivity of soil |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN106680182A true CN106680182A (en) | 2017-05-17 |
| CN106680182B CN106680182B (en) | 2024-04-30 |
Family
ID=58861324
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710094033.0A Active CN106680182B (en) | 2017-02-21 | 2017-02-21 | Automatic measuring device for saturated water conductivity of soil |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN106680182B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110763606A (en) * | 2019-11-04 | 2020-02-07 | 河海大学 | Indoor batch measuring device and method for soil saturation hydraulic conductivity |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2700841Y (en) * | 2004-03-12 | 2005-05-18 | 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所 | Run-off flow double roll dots printing analyzer |
| US20100043532A1 (en) * | 2007-01-03 | 2010-02-25 | Devanatha Muralidharan | Electronic level sensor and timer based falling head soil permeameter |
| CN201615869U (en) * | 2010-03-02 | 2010-10-27 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Device for measuring saturated hydraulic conductivity of field earth in situ |
| CN204461966U (en) * | 2015-03-17 | 2015-07-08 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Floating ball lever automatic flow control determines head saturated hydraulic conductivity in soil batch analyzer |
| CN105588796A (en) * | 2015-12-17 | 2016-05-18 | 扬州大学 | Device for accurately and rapidly determining permeability coefficient of soil |
| CN106033046A (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2016-10-19 | 西北农林科技大学 | A soil saturated hydraulic conductivity automatic measuring apparatus |
| CN206489046U (en) * | 2017-02-21 | 2017-09-12 | 北京林业大学 | A kind of saturated hydraulic conductivity in soil apparatus for automatically measuring |
-
2017
- 2017-02-21 CN CN201710094033.0A patent/CN106680182B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2700841Y (en) * | 2004-03-12 | 2005-05-18 | 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所 | Run-off flow double roll dots printing analyzer |
| US20100043532A1 (en) * | 2007-01-03 | 2010-02-25 | Devanatha Muralidharan | Electronic level sensor and timer based falling head soil permeameter |
| CN201615869U (en) * | 2010-03-02 | 2010-10-27 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Device for measuring saturated hydraulic conductivity of field earth in situ |
| CN106033046A (en) * | 2015-03-12 | 2016-10-19 | 西北农林科技大学 | A soil saturated hydraulic conductivity automatic measuring apparatus |
| CN204461966U (en) * | 2015-03-17 | 2015-07-08 | 中国科学院南京土壤研究所 | Floating ball lever automatic flow control determines head saturated hydraulic conductivity in soil batch analyzer |
| CN105588796A (en) * | 2015-12-17 | 2016-05-18 | 扬州大学 | Device for accurately and rapidly determining permeability coefficient of soil |
| CN206489046U (en) * | 2017-02-21 | 2017-09-12 | 北京林业大学 | A kind of saturated hydraulic conductivity in soil apparatus for automatically measuring |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110763606A (en) * | 2019-11-04 | 2020-02-07 | 河海大学 | Indoor batch measuring device and method for soil saturation hydraulic conductivity |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN106680182B (en) | 2024-04-30 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN206510201U (en) | Integral and intelligent mud jacking system and squeezing trolley | |
| CN105773838A (en) | Stirring device for building construction sites | |
| CN107860453A (en) | Weigh and mix and stir the full-automatic stabilized with inorganic binder class material mix pot of integration | |
| CN104532752B (en) | Intelligent dual-motor high-speed circulating stirring mortar preparing and pressing system | |
| CN108169067A (en) | Concrete waste grout concentration detection apparatus | |
| CN204177625U (en) | A kind of sampler measuring grain size of sediment | |
| CN206489046U (en) | A kind of saturated hydraulic conductivity in soil apparatus for automatically measuring | |
| CN106680182A (en) | Automatic measurement device for saturated hydraulic conductivity of soil | |
| CN206331678U (en) | The big float-sink test device that a kind of density is automatically controlled | |
| CN210206557U (en) | Finishing varnish production facility | |
| CN103909579B (en) | Mud mixing automatically controls operation device | |
| CN203884545U (en) | Automatic noodle maker convenient to use | |
| CN205874726U (en) | Fabric dewatering device | |
| CN210171274U (en) | Discharging device for salt-containing materials | |
| CN213824429U (en) | Automatic mixing device with automatic batching function | |
| CN207231853U (en) | A kind of indoor soil tank experiment runoff and sediment continuous sampling measurement save set | |
| CN115366256A (en) | Portable deep well roadway surrounding rock accurate grouting reinforcement device and method | |
| CN215885591U (en) | Feed bin with footing function of weighing | |
| CN210613613U (en) | Acidizing fluid batching device for oil and gas exploitation | |
| CN214951630U (en) | Automatic clearance measurement storehouse of goat's milk production | |
| CN107091760B (en) | Continuous sampling, measuring and storing system and method for runoff and sediment in indoor soil tank test | |
| CN209015546U (en) | A kind of Ship's Buoyancy principle interactive demonstration showcase | |
| CN207096022U (en) | Underground water evaporation from phreatic water measuring system based on technology of Internet of things | |
| CN206372769U (en) | Deep profile control liquid distribution device | |
| JPS61243341A (en) | Water sampler for calorimeter |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |