CN1979162A - Method and apparatus for detecting water-retaining quantity among field of soil - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for detecting water-retaining quantity among field of soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN1979162A CN1979162A CN 200510126229 CN200510126229A CN1979162A CN 1979162 A CN1979162 A CN 1979162A CN 200510126229 CN200510126229 CN 200510126229 CN 200510126229 A CN200510126229 A CN 200510126229A CN 1979162 A CN1979162 A CN 1979162A
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Abstract
The invention relates to measuring method and device for water-holding capacity between internal drainage. The method is absorbing method that includes the following steps: using the internal drainage matric potential to absorb water into soil, when reaches the maximum amount of water, measuring the soil water content. The measuring device includes water supplying container, gas intake control pipe and water supplying pipe, a douche. The down half part is in the drilling cone barrel, and there is clearance between the down end of air intake control pipe and drilling cone barrel. The bottom of douche is higher than the bottom of air intake control pipe for 1-2cm. the invention has the advantages of time saving, water saving and is more suitable for clayed soil.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the assay method and the device of the soil moisture characteristic constant field capacity of field irrigation and crop water management domain, but particularly a kind of assay method of fast measuring water-retaining quantity among field of soil and measurement mechanism thereof.
Background technology
The agricultural land soil water regime is the key factor that influences plant growth.And field-moisture capacity is an important indicator of weighing soil water-retaining, also is the important parameter that carries out field irrigation, crop water management, is regarded as the upper limit of the effective water of crop usually.It is believed that a long time ago the variation mobile and water cut of water reduces in time in the back soil of pouring water, flow rate generally reduced to insignificant degree in several days, even stopped fully, and the water cut of internal drainage end back soil is called field capacity.Very over a long time subsequently, field capacity is considered to soil always can stablize the highest soil moisture content that keeps, and is an in esse soil physical properties, is the characteristic constant that every kind of soil all has.
Along with to the research of unsaturated soil moisture movement process and further developing of experiment measuring technology, many notions that studies show that water-retaining quantity among field of soil are artificial, arbitrarily, even can cause misleading, it is a soil physical property of being measured method affect.When pour water or rainfall after, under, all right, the no surface evaporation situation of draining dark in underground water table, although flow rate constantly reduces, the internal drainage process of soil in fact still continues to carry out, and there is no " catastrophe point ", does not also have the water cut of static state; Even have, it is also very very long to reach balance time.The size of field capacity is influenced by edphic factors such as the soil texture, structure not only, but also is subjected to measuring method, balance to last, measure artificial factor such as the degree of depth.
At present, the method for measurement field-moisture capacity mainly contains three kinds.The one, enclose frame and basin irrigation method, be used for field survey, its ultimate principle is: in the field, enclose frame or beat the pour water water cut of the soil that makes appropriate depth of native ridge and reach capacity, soil surface is covered avoid surface evaporation, soil to begin internal drainage entering holard distributed process more then, after the gravity water in the soil " fully " is got rid of, it is in a basic balance that moisture reaches, and soil sampling is measured soil moisture content, and the water cut of this moment promptly is considered to field capacity.Need indicate the underground water table degree of depth, soil depth and balance during the report measurement result lasts.This method relatively is fit to the thicker soil of quality, because the hydraulic conductivity of this soil subtracts suddenly along with the increase (reduction of water cut) of soil suction, the speed that flows the holard reduces rapidly, and soil profile can (reach in a basic balance in 1～2d), and reappearance be better in the short time of back of pouring water.Yet,, clay content soil with high thin for the soil texture, this method measuring accuracy is relatively poor, some is even not available, mainly be because soil water movement there is no significantly reduced process in clayed soil, several days in addition after tens of days soil water movement still carrying out, balance is lasted chooses difficulty.For clayed soil, shorter if " balance is lasted " (actual lack of equilibrium) chosen, measured value is with bigger than normal, and many researchs have all proved this point.So Hillel (1998) thinks, should continue to observe soil moisture content, differ very little twice up to front and back, this moment, measured value was field capacity, rather than the value of a gained is measured in several days (as the 2 days) back of pouring water of arbitrarily supposition.This plausible of improving one's methods, but, certainly will increase workload and Measuring Time greatly for the heavy soil of viscosity.
For overcoming this problem that is caused by the soil texture, people attempt from the energy state of soil water seeking way that gets on, and this has just produced the measuring method of another kind of field-moisture capacity: pressure membrane (plate) method.Its ultimate principle is: supposition differing texture soil, when field capacity, have identical soil matrix gesture, and be a constant, note is made ψ
Fc, the water cut of measuring under this suction value with the pressure membrane instrument is field capacity.Yet the ψ that different researchers research institute gets
FcThe value size but has very big-difference.Colman (1947) test findings is-33kPa, and Zhang Yulong etc. (1996) think that the interior soil suction scope of 10～70cm soil layer is 3.3～5.6kPa, and both differ bigger, and influence factor mainly contains depth of soil, ground temperature, increased surface covering etc.
In addition, the Wilcocks method also is usually used in the indoor measurement field capacity, its method is: undisturbed soil sample is soaked in water, after its water cut reaches capacity, place on the wind desiceted soil, gravity water in the soil sample is discharged under the effect of wind desiceted soil suction, measures the soil specimen moisture content value after a period of time, promptly obtains the field capacity of soil.This method relates to the wind desiceted soil absorbent time equally and chooses problem, and promptly when gravity water is just calculated is fully discharged, and water discharge time length (getting 8h usually) directly influences measurement result.
In sum, existing method all is to adopt earlier the soil sample water cut to be reached capacity, and then the method for getting rid of gravity water measures field capacity, and measuring process is the dehumidification process.Therefore, to relate to the problem of most critical all be to judge when gravity water is got rid of fully to all methods.But, be difficult to conclude and get rid of gravity water when fully or substantially that this is main " dispute " place of existing method because the internal drainage of soil or heavily to distribute be continuous process does not especially have obvious boundary for the heavy soil of viscosity.Therefore, if the maximum amount of water that has a kind of method can make the water cut of tested soil reach soil hollow billet institute energy sticking is a field capacity and do not produce gravity water, will avoid this dispute.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of rapid assay methods and fast measuring device thereof of water-retaining quantity among field of soil.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
The assay method of water-retaining quantity among field of soil provided by the invention, this assay method is inhaled the method for oozing, its ultimate principle is to utilize soil matrix gesture (soil matrix suction) initiatively water to be sucked in the soil, make soil specimen moisture content reach the soil hollow billet can sticking agravic water the time maximum amount of water, the soil moisture content of measuring this moment is water-retaining quantity among field of soil.
The fast measuring device of water-retaining quantity among field of soil provided by the invention comprises:
The water supply container 4 that one upper end is connected with watering;
Be installed in air inlet control tube 3 and feed pipe 6 on the described water supply container 4 bottom tube walls;
The vertical lower end of described feed pipe 6 is communicated with a douche 7;
The vertical Lower Half of described air inlet control tube 3 is placed on one and bores in the native conically shaped 2, leaves the gap between the tube wall of the lower end air intake opening 1 of described air inlet control tube 3 and the native conically shaped 2 of described brill;
The bottom of described douche 7 exceeds the lower end air intake opening 1～2cm of the described air inlet control tube 3 in the native conically shaped 2 of described brill.
Described water supply container 4 can be the Ma Shi bottle.On described water supply container 4 and the pipeline that watering is connected the operation valve that control is supplied water is installed.
The native conically shaped 2 of described brill is into a single integrated structure with water supply container 4, is positioned at the bottom of water supply container 4.Described air inlet control tube 3 can be flexible pipe or hard tube; Described feed pipe 6 can be flexible pipe or hard tube.Described douche (7) is the douche of potter's clay or fiber material.
Compare with current measuring methods, water-retaining quantity among field of soil measuring method of the present invention and measurement mechanism thereof have following characteristics:
(1) inhaling the method for oozing is to utilize matric suction, is more suitable for measuring the thinner soil of quality, and Measuring Time is short.
Three kinds of method fundamental measurement principles of tradition all are first with soil saturation to be measured, and then carry out internal drainage (dehumidification) process, and are in a basic balance until soil moisture.For the coarse soil of quality, because the process that exists soil water movement obviously to weaken, soil moisture content changes very little in short period (as 1-2d) back, and favorable reproducibility, and at this moment, three kinds of method measurement results are effective.And for clayed soil, because the soil suction height, the internal drainage process is longer, and it is longer that soil moisture reaches the time in a basic balance, thereby Measuring Time is long, even influences measuring accuracy.Opposite with it, the inventive method is utilized soil matrix suction (matric potential), and soil stickiness is heavy more, and suction is big more, and " suction " is fast more, thereby Measuring Time is short more, and has saved the process (needing 24h usually) of soil saturation to be measured.
(2) inhale that to ooze the method measuring process be moisture absorption process, actual conditions under the more approaching modern water-saving irrigation technique.
Existing three kinds of method fundamental measurement principles all are first with soil saturation to be measured, and then carry out internal drainage, and soil moisture content is the dehumidification process by being saturated to field capacity; And inhale ooze in the method soil moisture content be by little to field capacity, be moisture absorption process.
Compare with comprehensive irrigation the such as surface irrigation, sprinkling irrigation, along with the development of local irrigation methods such as modern water-saving irrigation technique drip irrigation especially underground drip irrigation, after the irrigation, only moistening soil surface portion scope, rather than whole plan wettable layer.Pouring water after the end, for dry soil outside the humid region, carry out the heavily distribution of the holard subsequently, is moisture absorption process, rather than the dehumidification process.Therefore, utilize the measured field capacity of the present invention, thereby can instruct the formulation of irrigation program under this type of water-saving irrigation mode better more near the actual conditions of the holard under these irrigation methods.
(3) inhale the method for oozing and save the measurement water, measurement mechanism is portable, and field survey is convenient.
Existing three kinds of methods all need soil saturation to be measured is basined irrigation method in particular for the frame that encloses of field survey, and water consumption is bigger; And measure with inhaling the method for oozing, the maximum water holding capacity that can reach of soil to be measured is exactly a field capacity, so water consumption seldom with bottled full the getting final product of Ma Shi, is easy to carry and carries out field survey in the measuring process, and simple to operate.
(4) in the measurement mechanism, the bottom minimum point o point of douche 3 is higher than the air intake opening 1 of Ma Shi bottle 4, but can not exceed too many, just slightly height a bit (1～2cm), thus make full use of the soil matrix gesture.
In a word, the present invention has proposed to inhale the method for oozing first and has measured field capacity, provides to inhale and has oozed the method measurement mechanism.The suction method of oozing mainly is to utilize soil suction (matric potential) that the water in the Ma Shi bottle " initiatively " is sucked in the soil, when soil matrix suction plays one's part to the full, soil moisture content reach the soil hollow billet can sticking maximum amount of water and during agravic water, be field capacity, measuring process is a moisture absorption process.This method have save time, water-saving, be more suitable for advantages such as clayed soil.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the measurement mechanism figure of field capacity measuring method of the present invention.
Lower end air intake opening 1 feed pipe 6 of air inlet control tube 3
Bore native conically shaped 2 air inlet control tubes 3 water supply containers 4
Air inlet control tube 3 douches 7 soil 8
Ma Shi bottle filler 5
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
The fast measuring device that method is measured water-retaining quantity among field of soil is oozed in suction of the present invention, comprising:
The water supply container 4 that one upper end is connected with watering; Be installed in air inlet control tube 3 and feed pipe 6 on the described water supply container 4 bottom tube walls; The vertical lower end of described feed pipe 6 is communicated with a douche 7; The vertical Lower Half of described air inlet control tube 3 is placed on one and bores in the native conically shaped 2, leaves the gap between the tube wall of the lower end air intake opening 1 of described air inlet control tube 3 and the native conically shaped 2 of described brill, makes air intake opening 1 be lower than soil surface and still contacts unobstructed with atmosphere; The bottom of described douche 7 exceeds the lower end air intake opening 1～2cm of the described air inlet control tube 3 in the native conically shaped 2 of described brill.
To Ma Shi bottle 4 topped up with water to douche 7 entire measuring device, cover rubber stopper by Ma Shi bottle filler 5 then, make atmospheric pressure remain on the position of air intake opening 1.Douche 7 is imbedded soil 8 to be measured, and friction jewel soil circular cone tube 2 then, and air inlet control tube 3 is put into the native circular cone tube 2 of brill, and the lower end air intake opening 1 of barrel and air inlet control tube 3 is maintained a certain distance, and keep atmosphere unobstructed.Regulate to bore native conically shaped 2 and be pressed into the degree of depth in the soil and the position of air intake opening 1, make the lower end air intake opening 1 of the bottom minimum point o point of douche 3 a little more than the air inlet control tube 3 of Ma Shi bottle 4.Suppose ψ
MoBe the matric potential of the douche outer contacting face place holard, its value all should be not more than 0 in any case, then-and ψ
MoBe matric suction.With the o point is reference point, on the orientation for just.Because the lower end air intake opening 1 of douche 7 wall thickness and air inlet control tube 3 is all less with the difference of elevation of douche 7, can ignore, then the inside and outside potential energy difference of douche is-ψ
Mo, promptly size is a matric suction.Soil matrix suction is unique driving force that water enters soil by douche, and this is the basic place of inhaling the method for oozing.The initial stage is oozed in suction, and under the matric suction effect, soil 8 increases rapidly with douche 7 contact position water cut, so ψ
MoIncrease, potential energy difference reduces.The carrying out of oozing along with suction, the matric potential and the water cut of soil also will increase near the douche 7, after treating moistening certain limit, the matric potential gradient of douche surrounding soil will reduce until being zero, the water cut of douche surrounding soil reach soil can sticking maximum amount of water, and agravic water, measurement douche 7 surrounding soil water cut this moment promptly obtain the field capacity of soil under the moisture absorption situation.
Need illustrate that above-mentioned measurement mechanism only is to realize inhaling a kind of device that the method for oozing is measured field capacity.Measurement mechanism mainly can also be done and carry out following form adjustment:
(1) bore native circular cone tube 2 in the device and can also be made into one with Ma Shi bottle 4, place Ma Shi bottle bottom, and can make other shape, that air intake opening 1 can be contacted with atmosphere is unobstructed as long as be convenient to insert;
(2) material of douche 7 also can be various, available potter's clay, also usable fibers;
(3) Ma Shi bottle 4 also can be made different shape, stablizes adjustable delivery head as long as can provide;
(4) air inlet control tube 3 can be that flexible pipe also can be a hard tube, and material also can be different, also can put into the Ma Shi bottle from the filler 5 of Ma Shi bottle in addition, as long as can make the Ma Shi bottle that the stable water supply head is provided;
(5) feed pipe 6 can be that flexible pipe also can be a hard tube, and material also can be different, as long as be convenient to be connected with douche, and convenient the getting final product of supplying water.
The adjustment of any form of measurement mechanism so long as utilize soil matrix suction (matric potential) to measure field capacity, all belongs to category of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1, a kind of assay method of water-retaining quantity among field of soil, this assay method is for inhaling the method for oozing, promptly utilize the soil matrix gesture initiatively water to be sucked in the soil, make soil specimen moisture content reach the soil hollow billet can sticking maximum amount of water, and agravic water, the soil moisture content of measuring this moment is water-retaining quantity among field of soil.
2, a kind of determinator of water-retaining quantity among field of soil is characterized in that, comprising:
The water supply container that one upper end is connected with watering (4);
Be installed in air inlet control tube (3) and feed pipe (6) on the tube wall of described water supply container (4) bottom;
The vertical lower end of described feed pipe (6) is communicated with a douche (7);
The vertical Lower Half of described air inlet control tube (3) is placed on one and bores in the native conically shaped (2), leaves the gap between the lower end air intake opening (1) of described air inlet control tube (3) and the tube wall of the native conically shaped of described brill (2);
The bottom of described douche (7) exceeds lower end air intake opening (1) 1～2cm of the described air inlet control tube (3) in the native conically shaped of described brill (2).
3, by the determinator of the described water-retaining quantity among field of soil of claim 2, it is characterized in that described water supply container (4) is the Ma Shi bottle.
4, by the determinator of the described water-retaining quantity among field of soil of claim 2, it is characterized in that, the operation valve of control water supply is installed on described water supply container (4) and the pipeline that watering is connected.
By the determinator of the described water-retaining quantity among field of soil of claim 2, it is characterized in that 5, the native conically shaped of described brill (2) is into a single integrated structure with water supply container (4), be positioned at the bottom of water supply container (4).
6, by the determinator of the described water-retaining quantity among field of soil of claim 2, it is characterized in that described air inlet control tube (3) is flexible pipe or hard tube.
7, by the determinator of the described water-retaining quantity among field of soil of claim 2, it is characterized in that described feed pipe (6) is flexible pipe or hard tube.
8, by the determinator of the described water-retaining quantity among field of soil of claim 2, it is characterized in that described douche (7) is the douche of potter's clay or fiber material.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2005101262290A CN100516874C (en) | 2005-11-30 | 2005-11-30 | Method and apparatus for detecting water-retaining quantity among field of soil |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2005101262290A CN100516874C (en) | 2005-11-30 | 2005-11-30 | Method and apparatus for detecting water-retaining quantity among field of soil |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1979162A true CN1979162A (en) | 2007-06-13 |
| CN100516874C CN100516874C (en) | 2009-07-22 |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105230451A (en) * | 2015-10-16 | 2016-01-13 | 西北农林科技大学 | Automatic irrigation forecasting device for water shortage of field crops |
| CN108918827A (en) * | 2018-07-02 | 2018-11-30 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | A method of identification porous material influences soil water retention |
| CN109991390A (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2019-07-09 | 吉林省墒情监测中心 | A kind of frequency domain method field capacity measuring method |
| CN110208498A (en) * | 2019-07-17 | 2019-09-06 | 吉林大学 | A kind of soil specific yield home position testing method based on moisture Dynamic Mechanism |
| CN110320345A (en) * | 2019-07-17 | 2019-10-11 | 吉林大学 | A kind of portable field capacity auto testing instrument and test method |
| CN115876982A (en) * | 2023-02-14 | 2023-03-31 | 华南农业大学 | Device and method for rapidly measuring field water capacity |
-
2005
- 2005-11-30 CN CNB2005101262290A patent/CN100516874C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105230451A (en) * | 2015-10-16 | 2016-01-13 | 西北农林科技大学 | Automatic irrigation forecasting device for water shortage of field crops |
| CN105230451B (en) * | 2015-10-16 | 2018-08-07 | 西北农林科技大学 | A kind of field-crop water shortage irrigation automatic forecasting device |
| CN108918827A (en) * | 2018-07-02 | 2018-11-30 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | A method of identification porous material influences soil water retention |
| CN108918827B (en) * | 2018-07-02 | 2020-05-19 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Method for identifying influence of porous material on soil water retention |
| CN109991390A (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2019-07-09 | 吉林省墒情监测中心 | A kind of frequency domain method field capacity measuring method |
| CN110208498A (en) * | 2019-07-17 | 2019-09-06 | 吉林大学 | A kind of soil specific yield home position testing method based on moisture Dynamic Mechanism |
| CN110320345A (en) * | 2019-07-17 | 2019-10-11 | 吉林大学 | A kind of portable field capacity auto testing instrument and test method |
| CN115876982A (en) * | 2023-02-14 | 2023-03-31 | 华南农业大学 | Device and method for rapidly measuring field water capacity |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN100516874C (en) | 2009-07-22 |
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