CN2854559Y - Device for measuring water-holding capacity of farm - Google Patents
Device for measuring water-holding capacity of farm Download PDFInfo
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- CN2854559Y CN2854559Y CN 200520146901 CN200520146901U CN2854559Y CN 2854559 Y CN2854559 Y CN 2854559Y CN 200520146901 CN200520146901 CN 200520146901 CN 200520146901 U CN200520146901 U CN 200520146901U CN 2854559 Y CN2854559 Y CN 2854559Y
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a device for measuring field moisture capacity, which is belonging to the field of farmland irrigation and moisture management on crops. The technical scheme comprises a douche (1), a water supplying container which can be connected to water source (6), a flow pipe (4), a intake control pipe (7), and a soil-drilling cylinder (10). Water supplying container (6) is arranged above the lower ports of douche (1) and intake control pipe (7); the upper port of flow pipe (4) is connected to the water supplying container (6), while the lower port of it is connected to the douche (1); the upper port of the intake control pipe (7) is connected to the water supplying container (6), while its lower port is arranged in the soil-drilling cylinder (10); air inlet (11) in the lower port of the intake control pipe (7) is designed with interspace between it and the wall of the soil-drilling cylinder (10). This device is characterized in that it is more applicable to the measurement of fine soil with short time taken, and more adapt to the actual situation of modern water-saving irrigation technology and it can save water used for measurement, be convenient for carrying and be easy for field measurement.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of device of fast measuring soil moisture characteristic constant field capacity, belongs to field irrigation and crop water management domain.
Background technology
The agricultural land soil water regime is the key factor that influences plant growth.And field capacity is an important indicator of weighing soil water-retaining, also is the important parameter that carries out field irrigation, crop water management, is regarded as the upper limit of the effective water of crop usually.It is believed that a long time ago the variation mobile and water cut of water reduces in time in the back soil of pouring water, flow rate generally reduced to insignificant degree in several days, even stopped fully, and the water cut of internal drainage end back soil is called field capacity.Very over a long time subsequently, field capacity is considered to soil always can stablize the highest soil moisture content that keeps, and is an in esse soil physical properties, is the characteristic constant that every kind of soil all has.
Along with to the research of unsaturated soil moisture movement process and further developing of experiment measuring technology, many notions that studies show that field capacity are artificial, arbitrarily, even can cause misleading, and it is a soil physical property of being measured method affect.When pour water or rainfall after, under, all right, the no surface evaporation situation of draining dark in underground water table, although flow rate constantly reduces, the internal drainage process of soil in fact still continues to carry out, and there is no " catastrophe point ", does not also have the water cut of static state; Even have, it is also very very long to reach balance time.The size of field capacity is influenced by edphic factors such as the soil texture, structure not only, but also is subjected to measuring method, balance to last, measure artificial factor such as the degree of depth.
At present, the method for measurement field capacity mainly contains three kinds.The one, enclose frame and basin irrigation method, be used for field survey, its ultimate principle is: in the field, enclose frame or beat native ridge and pour water the soil of appropriate depth is reached capacity, soil surface is covered avoid surface evaporation, soil to begin internal drainage entering holard distributed process more then, after the gravity water in the soil " fully " is got rid of, it is in a basic balance that moisture reaches, and soil sampling is measured soil moisture content, and the water cut of this moment is field capacity.Need indicate the underground water table degree of depth, soil depth and balance during the report measurement result lasts.This method relatively is fit to the thicker soil of quality, because the hydraulic conductivity of this soil subtracts suddenly along with the increase (reduction of water cut) of soil suction, the speed that flows the holard reduces rapidly, and soil profile can (reach in a basic balance in 1～2d), and reappearance be better in the short time of back of pouring water.Yet,, clay content soil with high thin for the soil texture, this method measuring accuracy is relatively poor, some is even not available, mainly be because soil water movement there is no significantly reduced process in clayed soil, several days in addition after tens of days soil water movement still carrying out, balance is lasted chooses difficulty.For clayed soil, shorter if " balance is lasted " (actual lack of equilibrium) chosen, measured value is with bigger than normal, and many researchs have all proved this point.So Hillel (1998) thinks, should continue to observe soil moisture content, differ very little twice up to front and back, this moment, measured value was field capacity, rather than the value of a gained is measured in several days (as the 2 days) back of pouring water of arbitrarily supposition.This plausible of improving one's methods, but, certainly will increase workload and Measuring Time greatly for the heavy soil of viscosity.
For overcoming this problem that is caused by the soil texture, people attempt from the energy state of soil water seeking way that gets on, and this has just produced another kind of field capacity measuring method: pressure membrane (plate) method, its measurement mechanism are pressure membrane (plate) instrument.Its ultimate principle is: though supposition different soils water cut difference when field capacity has identical soil matrix gesture, be a constant, note is made Ψ
Fc, the water cut of measuring under this suction value with the pressure membrane instrument is field capacity.Yet the Ψ that different researchers research institute gets
FcThe value size but has very big-difference.Colman (1947) test findings is-33kPa, and Zhang Yulong etc. (1996) think that the interior soil suction scope of 10～70cm soil layer is 3.3～5.6kPa, and both differ bigger, and influence factor mainly contains depth of soil, ground temperature, increased surface covering etc.
In addition, the Wilcocks method also is usually used in the indoor measurement field capacity, its method is: with undisturbed soil sample soak saturated after, place on the wind desiceted soil, gravity water in the soil sample is discharged under the effect of wind desiceted soil suction, after a period of time, measure the soil specimen moisture content value, promptly obtain the field capacity of soil.This method relates to the wind desiceted soil absorbent time equally and chooses problem, and promptly when gravity water is just calculated is fully discharged, and water discharge time length (getting 8h usually) directly influences measurement result.
In sum, existing method and measurement mechanism all are to adopt earlier that soil sample is saturatedly, and then the method for getting rid of gravity water measures field capacity, and measuring process is the dehumidification process.Therefore, to relate to the problem of most critical all be to judge when gravity water is got rid of fully for all methods and measurement mechanism.But, be difficult to conclude and get rid of gravity water when fully or substantially that this is main " dispute " place of existing method and measurement mechanism because the internal drainage of soil or heavily to distribute be continuous process does not especially have obvious boundary for the heavy soil of viscosity.Therefore, if can make the water cut of tested soil reach the maximum amount of water field capacity of soil hollow billet institute energy sticking and not produce gravity water when having a kind of measurement mechanism to measure, will avoid this dispute.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of measurement mechanism of field capacity of the water-saving that is convenient for carrying, saves time.
Comprise douche 1, the water supply container 6 that can communicate, feed pipe 4, air inlet control tube 7, soil drilling cylinder 10 in order to reach the technical scheme that the purpose of this utility model takes with the water source, wherein, water supply container 6 is positioned at the top of douche 1 and air inlet control tube 7 lower port, the upper end of feed pipe 4 is communicated with water supply container 6, and the lower end of feed pipe 4 is communicated with douche 1; The upper end of air inlet control tube 7 is connected with water supply container 6, and the lower end of air inlet control tube 7 places soil drilling cylinder 10, is provided with the space between the air intake opening 11 of air inlet control tube 7 lower ends and the barrel of described soil drilling cylinder 10.
In the above-mentioned field capacity measurement mechanism, the material of douche 1 comprises potter's clay or fiber or foam.
In the above-mentioned field capacity measurement mechanism, water supply container 6 is the Ma Shi bottle.
In the above-mentioned field capacity measurement mechanism, the minimum point o of described douche 1 is than the air intake opening 11 high 1～2cm of air inlet control tube 7 lower ends.
In the above-mentioned field capacity measurement mechanism, it is conical that soil drilling cylinder 10 is.
In the above-mentioned field capacity measurement mechanism, the bottom of water supply container 6 has base 2.
In the above-mentioned field capacity measurement mechanism, soil drilling cylinder 10 is an integral structure with water supply container 6, and soil drilling cylinder 10 is positioned at the bottom of water supply container 6 or is fixed on base 2 bottoms.
In the above-mentioned field capacity measurement mechanism, feed pipe 4 and air inlet control tube 7 both can be stereoplasm tubes, also can use soft pipe.
In the above-mentioned field capacity measurement mechanism, open a filler 5 in the upper end of water supply container 6.
In the above-mentioned field capacity measurement mechanism, mounted valve 8 on air inlet control tube 7, regulate the height of the air intake opening 11 of air inlet control tube 7, and the stable water supply head can be provided.
In the above-mentioned field capacity measurement mechanism, it is different with existing method to measure ultimate principle, promptly be to utilize soil matrix suction (soil matrix gesture) " initiatively " that water is sucked in the soil, make soil specimen moisture content reach the soil hollow billet can sticking maximum amount of water be field capacity, and agravic water.
Compare with current measuring methods and measurement mechanism thereof, above-mentioned novel quick field capacity measurement mechanism has the following advantages:
(1) the utility model basic principle of measurement is to utilize matric suction, is more suitable for measuring the thinner soil of quality, and Measuring Time is short.
Three kinds of method fundamental measurement principles of tradition all are first with soil saturation to be measured, and then carry out internal drainage (dehumidification) process, and are in a basic balance until soil moisture.For the coarse soil of quality, because the process that exists soil water movement obviously to weaken, soil moisture content changes very little in short period (as 1-2d) back, and favorable reproducibility, and at this moment, three kinds of method measurement results are effective.And for clayed soil, because the soil suction height, the internal drainage process is longer, and it is longer that soil moisture reaches the time in a basic balance, thereby Measuring Time is long, even influences measuring accuracy.Opposite with it, the utility model utilizes soil matrix suction (matric potential), and soil stickiness is heavy more, and suction is big more, and " suction " is fast more, thereby Measuring Time is short more, and has saved the process (needing 24h usually) of soil saturation to be measured.
(2) process of the utility model measurement is a moisture absorption process, actual conditions under the more approaching modern water-saving irrigation technique.
Existing three kinds of method fundamental measurement principles all are first with soil saturation to be measured, and then carry out internal drainage, and soil moisture content is the dehumidification process by being saturated to field capacity; And in the utility model measuring process soil moisture content be by little to field capacity, be moisture absorption process.
Compare with comprehensive irrigation the such as surface irrigation, sprinkling irrigation, along with the development of local irrigation methods such as modern water-saving irrigation technique drip irrigation especially underground drip irrigation, after the irrigation, only moistening soil surface portion scope, rather than whole plan wettable layer.Pouring water after the end, for dry soil outside the humid region, carry out the heavily distribution of the holard subsequently, is moisture absorption process, rather than the dehumidification process.Therefore, utilize the measured field capacity of the utility model, thereby can instruct the formulation of irrigation program under this type of water-saving irrigation mode better more near the actual conditions of the holard under these irrigation methods.
When (3) the utility model is worked, save and measure water, and easy to carry, be easy to field survey.
Existing three kinds of methods all need soil saturation to be measured is basined irrigation method in particular for the frame that encloses of field survey, and water consumption is bigger; And measure with the utility model, the maximum water holding capacity that can reach of soil to be measured is exactly a field capacity, so water consumption seldom with bottled full the getting final product of Ma Shi, is easy to carry and carries out field survey in the measuring process, and simple to operate.
When (4) utilizing the utility model to measure, the bottom minimum point o point of douche 1 is higher than the air intake opening 11 of Ma Shi bottle 6, but can not exceed too many, just the summary height a bit (1～2cm), thus can make full use of the soil matrix gesture.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the utility model field capacity measurement mechanism synoptic diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the utility model is further described.
As shown in Figure 1,1 is douche, its material comprises a kind of in potter's clay, fiber, these three kinds of materials of foam at least, 2 is the base of water supply container 6,3 is the hole on the right on the base 2,4 is that feed pipe, 5 is the filler of water supply container 6,6 is water supply container, and in the present embodiment, water supply container is the Ma Shi bottle, 7 are the air inlet control tube, 8 for being installed in the valve on the air inlet control tube 7, and 9 is the hole on the left side on the base 2, and 10 for connecting the soil drilling cylinder of base 2,11 are the air intake opening of air inlet control tube 7, and 12 is soil to be measured.Certainly, in actual production, water supply container 6 can not established base 2.
In this field water holding capacity measurement mechanism, feed pipe 4 upper ends are connected with Ma Shi bottle 6, and the other end extends through hole 3 downwards and is communicated with douche 1; Air inlet control tube 7 one ends are connected with the Ma Shi bottle, and the other end is passed down through hole 9, place to bore native circular cone tube 10, are provided with the space between the barrel of the air intake opening 11 of air inlet control tube 7 lower ends and described brill tube 10; Mounted valve 8 on air inlet control tube 7, regulate the height of the air intake opening 11 of air inlet control tube 7, and the stable water supply head can be provided.
In the present embodiment, soil drilling cylinder 10 is conical, and it and water supply container 6 are integral structure, and soil drilling cylinder 10 is positioned at and is fixed on base 2 bottoms.As shown in the figure, soil drilling cylinder 10 links together with the base 2 of water supply container, inserts soil and plays fixation, and when especially measuring on the slope, this structure has more stability.Soil drilling cylinder 10 can also be for other shapes, as pyramid, or substituted by other thing, as long as have the advantages that to be easy to insert soil, and can hold the bottom of air inlet control tube 7 and keep the air intake opening 11 of its lower end to communicate just with atmosphere; The shape of Ma Shi bottle also can be various, and its principal character provides constant head, and the head position is in air inlet control tube lower end.In actual production, feed pipe 4 and air inlet control tube 7 both can adopt stereoplasm tube, also can use soft pipe.
Before measuring beginning, valve-off 8 to Ma Shi bottle 6 topped up with water to the entire measuring device of douche 1, covers rubber stopper by the filler 5 of Ma Shi bottle 6 then on filler 5, open valve 8, makes atmospheric pressure remain on the position of air intake opening 11.Douche 1 is imbedded in the soil 12 to be measured, and friction jewel soil circular cone tube 10 simultaneously, make the air intake opening 11 of the bottom minimum point o point of douche 1 a little more than Ma Shi bottle 6, as 1～2cm.Before measuring beginning, when adding water in water supply container 6 Ma Shi bottles, valve 8 is closed, and water will flow out from air inlet control tube 7 when adding water like this.
Suppose Ψ
MoBe the matric potential of the douche outer contacting face place holard, its value all should be not more than 0 in any case, then-and Ψ
MoBe matric suction.With the o point is reference point, on the orientation for just.Because douche 1 wall thickness and air intake opening 11 are all less with the difference of elevation of douche 1, can ignore, then the inside and outside potential energy difference of douche is-Ψ
Mo, promptly size is a matric suction.Soil matrix suction is unique driving force that water enters soil by douche, and this is the cardinal principle of the utility model measurement mechanism.At the measurement initial stage, under the matric suction effect, soil 12 increases rapidly with douche 1 contact position water cut, so Ψ
MoIncrease, potential energy difference reduces.The carrying out of oozing along with suction, the matric potential and the water cut of soil also will increase near the douche 1, after treating moistening certain limit, the matric potential gradient of douche surrounding soil will reduce until being zero, the water cut of douche surrounding soil reach soil can sticking maximum amount of water, and agravic water, measurement douche 1 surrounding soil water cut this moment promptly obtains the field capacity of soil under the moisture absorption situation.
It should be noted last that, above embodiment is only unrestricted in order to the explanation the technical solution of the utility model, although the utility model is had been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, can make amendment or be equal to replacement the technical solution of the utility model, and not breaking away from the spirit and scope of technical solutions of the utility model, it all should be encompassed in the middle of the claim scope of the present utility model.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of field capacity measurement mechanism, it is characterized in that, water supply container (6), feed pipe (4), air inlet control tube (7), soil drilling cylinder (10) that it comprises douche (1), can communicate with the water source, wherein, water supply container (6) is positioned at the top of douche (1) and air inlet control tube (7) lower port, the upper end of feed pipe (4) is communicated with water supply container (6), and the lower end of feed pipe (4) is communicated with douche (1); The upper end of air inlet control tube (7) is connected with water supply container (6), and the lower end of air inlet control tube (7) places soil drilling cylinder (10), is provided with the space between the air intake opening (11) of air inlet control tube (7) lower end and the barrel of described soil drilling cylinder (10).
2, field capacity measurement mechanism according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the material of douche (1) comprises potter's clay or fiber or foam.
3, field capacity measurement mechanism according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, water supply container (6) is the Ma Shi bottle.
4, field capacity measurement mechanism according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, the minimum point o of described douche (1) is than the high 1～2cm of air intake opening (11) of air inlet control tube (7) lower end.
5, field capacity measurement mechanism according to claim 3 is characterized in that, the minimum point o of described douche (1) is than the high 1～2cm of air intake opening (11) of air inlet control tube (7) lower end.
6, field capacity measurement mechanism according to claim 5 is characterized in that, it is conical that soil drilling cylinder (10) is.
7, field capacity measurement mechanism according to claim 4 is characterized in that, the bottom of water supply container (6) has base (2); Soil drilling cylinder (10) is an integral structure with water supply container (6), and soil drilling cylinder (10) is positioned at the bottom of water supply container (6) or is fixed on base (2) bottom.
8, field capacity measurement mechanism according to claim 4 is characterized in that, feed pipe (4) and air inlet control tube (7) both can be stereoplasm tubes, also can use soft pipe.
9, field capacity measurement mechanism according to claim 4 is characterized in that, opens a filler (5) in the upper end of water supply container (6);
10, field capacity measurement mechanism according to claim 4 is characterized in that, goes up mounted valve (8) at air inlet control tube (7).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200520146901 CN2854559Y (en) | 2005-12-26 | 2005-12-26 | Device for measuring water-holding capacity of farm |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200520146901 CN2854559Y (en) | 2005-12-26 | 2005-12-26 | Device for measuring water-holding capacity of farm |
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| CN2854559Y true CN2854559Y (en) | 2007-01-03 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN 200520146901 Expired - Fee Related CN2854559Y (en) | 2005-12-26 | 2005-12-26 | Device for measuring water-holding capacity of farm |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105547779A (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2016-05-04 | 辽宁省水文局 | Soil field water capacity soil sample manufacturing method and device and measuring method |
| CN106662542A (en) * | 2014-08-15 | 2017-05-10 | 德尔塔-T设备有限公司 | Matric potential sensor |
| CN107314963A (en) * | 2017-05-24 | 2017-11-03 | 青海大学 | Portable soil water-holding capacity and permeability in-situ test easy device and its method of testing |
| CN107991239A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-05-04 | 上海泽泉科技股份有限公司 | One kind measurement container, measuring system and measuring method |
-
2005
- 2005-12-26 CN CN 200520146901 patent/CN2854559Y/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106662542A (en) * | 2014-08-15 | 2017-05-10 | 德尔塔-T设备有限公司 | Matric potential sensor |
| CN105547779A (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2016-05-04 | 辽宁省水文局 | Soil field water capacity soil sample manufacturing method and device and measuring method |
| CN105547779B (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2018-07-31 | 辽宁省水文局 | Water-retaining quantity among field of soil soil sample production method, device and measurement method |
| CN107314963A (en) * | 2017-05-24 | 2017-11-03 | 青海大学 | Portable soil water-holding capacity and permeability in-situ test easy device and its method of testing |
| CN107991239A (en) * | 2017-11-27 | 2018-05-04 | 上海泽泉科技股份有限公司 | One kind measurement container, measuring system and measuring method |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C17 | Cessation of patent right | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20070103 Termination date: 20101226 |