JP4840803B2 - Soil moisture measuring method and measuring device in low moisture region - Google Patents
Soil moisture measuring method and measuring device in low moisture region Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、土壌の乾燥程度を測定する測定装置に関し、特に、低水分領域における土壌水分を測定することのできる土壌水分測定装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a measuring device that measures the degree of soil drying, and more particularly to a soil moisture measuring device that can measure soil moisture in a low moisture region.
田畑や果樹園等において土壌の乾燥程度を知ることは、適切な灌水を行う上で非常に重要であり、土壌水分を測定する方法・装置には多種多様なものがある。 Knowing the degree of soil drying in fields, orchards, etc. is very important for appropriate irrigation, and there are various methods and devices for measuring soil moisture.
土壌の水分状態を測定する方法・装置には、体積含水率や含水比などの水分量を測定するものと、土壌水分の圧力水頭（ｐＦ値）を測定するものとに大別される。前者を測定するものには、ＴＤＲ水分計、誘電率水分計、ヒートプローブ式水分計、採土法などがあり、後者を測定するものには、テンシオメーターがある。 Methods and devices for measuring the moisture state of soil are roughly classified into those for measuring moisture content such as volumetric moisture content and moisture content ratio, and those for measuring the pressure head (pF value) of soil moisture. Examples of measuring the former include a TDR moisture meter, a dielectric constant moisture meter, a heat probe type moisture meter, and a soil collection method, and those measuring the latter include a tensiometer.
ＴＤＲ水分計、誘電率水分計、ヒートプローブ式水分計、採土法などは、テンシオメーターでは測定できない低水分領域まで測定できる。しかし、これらの測定器によって測定される体積含水率や含水比は土壌の乾湿程度を示す指標とはなるが、植物の水ストレスの指標には適さない。体積含水率が同じでも、土壌の種類や耕起の有無によって植物が土中の水を吸い上げるのに必要な力が異なるためである。一方、テンシオメーターは、水を入れた管体下端に設けられたポーラスカップを土壌中に埋設し、このポーラスカップを水で満たして土壌水と水理的に連続させ、水がポーラスカップから土壌中に浸透することによって生じる負圧を真空計で読みとることにより、土壌の乾湿程度を測定している（特許文献１）。このテンシオメーターにより測定されるｐＦ値は植物が土中の水を吸い上げるのに必要な力を表すものであり、植物が受けている水ストレスや灌水の必要性を把握するには優れた指標となっている。しかし、テンシオメーターは圧力を測定するために真空計を使用するため、高価になる欠点がある。そこで、下端にポーラスカップを取り付けた透明の管体内に、上部に空気を残して水を入れ、この空気の圧力を空気の層の厚みにより読み取ることによって、真空計を用いないで土壌の乾燥程度を計測できるようにしたテンシオメーターが考えられている（特許文献２）。しかし、土壌がｐＦ２.８以上に乾燥すると、空気が管体内に入り、内部の負圧が低下して正確に測定できない。 A TDR moisture meter, a dielectric moisture meter, a heat probe moisture meter, a soil collection method, and the like can measure to a low moisture region that cannot be measured with a tensiometer. However, the volumetric water content and water content ratio measured by these measuring instruments serve as an index indicating the degree of dryness and wetness of the soil, but are not suitable as an index for water stress in plants. This is because even if the volumetric water content is the same, the force required for the plant to suck up the water in the soil differs depending on the type of soil and the presence or absence of tillage. On the other hand, a tensiometer embeds a porous cup provided at the lower end of a pipe containing water in the soil, fills the porous cup with water and makes it hydraulically continuous with the soil water, and the water comes from the porous cup. The degree of dryness and wetness of the soil is measured by reading the negative pressure generated by penetrating into the soil with a vacuum gauge (Patent Document 1). The pF value measured by this tensiometer represents the force necessary for the plant to suck up water in the soil, and is an excellent index for grasping the water stress and irrigation necessity of the plant. It has become. However, the tensiometer has a drawback of being expensive because it uses a vacuum gauge to measure pressure. Therefore, in a transparent tube with a porous cup attached to the lower end, water is left leaving the upper part, and the pressure of this air is read by the thickness of the air layer, so that the soil can be dried without using a vacuum gauge. A tensiometer that can measure the above has been considered (Patent Document 2). However, when the soil is dried to a pF of 2.8 or more, air enters the tube, and the internal negative pressure decreases, so that accurate measurement cannot be performed.
上記特許文献１及び２に示すようなテンシオメーターは、ｐＦ３.０よりも乾燥した土壌では原理的に測定できず、実用上はｐＦ２.８程度までしか測定できない。乾燥に強い植物ではｐＦ２.８以上でも問題なく生育できるため、低水分領域の土壌の乾燥程度を測定できる土壌水分測定装置が要望されていた。さらに、土壌水分は１つの圃場でも場所によって異なるため、数地点で測定する必要があり、安価な土壌水分測定装置の開発が望まれていた。
The tensiometers shown in
本発明は前記課題を解決するものであり、ｐＦ２.８以上の低水分領域における土壌の乾燥程度を測定することのできる安価な土壌水分測定装置を提供することを目的とするものである。 This invention solves the said subject, and it aims at providing the cheap soil moisture measuring apparatus which can measure the dryness degree of the soil in the low moisture area | region of pF2.8 or more.
本発明者は、土壌水分を測定する方法を研究する課程においてｐＦ２.８以上に乾燥した土壌においてはポーラスカップから水が染み出すとともに管体内に空気が入り、管体内に入る空気の量は乾燥した土壌ほど多くの空気が入り込むことを知得した。そして、実験等によりこの管体内に入る空気の量を測定することにより乾燥土壌の土壌水分の程度を計測できることがわかった。 In the course of studying a method for measuring soil moisture, the present inventor spills water from a porous cup in soil dried to a pF of 2.8 or more, enters air into the pipe, and the amount of air entering the pipe is dry. I learned that more air enters the soil. Then, it has been found that the degree of soil moisture in the dry soil can be measured by measuring the amount of air entering the pipe body through experiments and the like.
本発明における低水分領域における土壌水分測定方法は、上記知得に基づくものであり、土壌の水分を示すｐＦ値が２．８以上に乾燥した低水分領域における土壌の水分を測定する方法であって、下端にポーラスカップが取り付けられている透明の管体内に水を満たして上端に蓋を取り付け、ポーラスカップを土壌中に差し込み、ポーラスカップから管体内に入る空気量を前記管体の側面に付した目盛りで読み取ることにより土壌水分を測定することを特徴とする。 The soil moisture measurement method in the low moisture region according to the present invention is based on the above knowledge, and is a method for measuring the soil moisture in the low moisture region where the pF value indicating the soil moisture is dried to 2.8 or more. Then, fill the transparent tube with a porous cup at the lower end with water, attach a lid at the upper end, insert the porous cup into the soil, and adjust the amount of air entering the tube from the porous cup to the side of the tube. It is characterized by measuring soil moisture by reading with the attached scale .
また、本発明における低水分土壌用の土壌水分測定装置は、土壌の水分を示すｐＦ値が２．８以上に乾燥した低水分土壌の水分を測定する装置であって、上端には蓋が着脱自在に取り付けられ、下端にはポーラスカップが取り付けられている透明の管体の外周に、上端から下方に亘って土壌の含水程度を示す目盛りが付されており、前記ポーラスカップを土壌に差し込み前記管体上部に進入した空気の量を前記目盛りで読み取り土壌水分を測定することを特徴とする。 Further, the soil moisture measuring device for low moisture soil according to the present invention is a device for measuring moisture of low moisture soil dried to a pF value indicating soil moisture of 2.8 or more, and a lid is attached to the upper end. A scale indicating the degree of moisture content of the soil is attached to the outer periphery of the transparent tube body, which is freely attached and has a porous cup attached to the lower end, from the upper end to the lower part, and the porous cup is inserted into the soil. The amount of air that has entered the upper part of the pipe is read with the scale, and soil moisture is measured .
本発明における低水分領域における土壌水分測定方法及び測定装置は、従来のテンシオメーターでは計測できなかった、ｐＦ２.８よりも乾燥した土壌の水分を測定することができる。 The soil moisture measuring method and measuring apparatus in the low moisture region according to the present invention can measure the moisture of soil drier than pF2.8, which could not be measured with a conventional tensiometer.
本発明における低水分領域における土壌水分測定方法及び測定装置は、乾燥した土壌の土壌水分の程度を測定することができ、乾燥に強い植物の灌水指標として植物の栽培に活用できる。また、本発明の土壌水分測定装置は、塩ビ管、ガラス管等で形成された透明の管体、ポーラスカップ、ゴム栓で構成されており、その構成部品が少なく安価に造ることができる。 The soil moisture measuring method and measuring apparatus in the low moisture region according to the present invention can measure the degree of soil moisture in dry soil, and can be used for plant cultivation as a watering index for plants resistant to drying. Moreover, the soil moisture measuring device of the present invention is composed of a transparent tubular body formed of a polyvinyl chloride tube, a glass tube, or the like, a porous cup, and a rubber plug, and can be manufactured at low cost with few components.
図１は本発明を実施する形態である土壌水分測定装置を示し、１は塩ビ管、ガラス管等で形成された透明の管体であり、管体１の上端から下方に亘りその側面には、土壌水分の程度を示す目盛り２が付してある。管体１の下端には、素焼きで形成されたポーラスカップ３が取り付けられている。管体１の上端には蓋体であるゴム栓４が着脱自在に取り付けられる。
FIG. 1 shows a soil moisture measuring apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
本発明の土壌水分測定装置の使用方法について説明する。
管体１内に水を上端まで入れ、ゴム栓４で上端を塞ぎ、ポーラスカップ３を土壌中に差し込む。土壌のｐＦ値が２.８以上となると、管体１内部の水がポーラスカップ３から土壌中に染み出るとともに管体１内に空気が入り込む。管体１内に入り込んだ空気は管体１の上端に移動し、時間が経過するにつれ空気が溜まってくる。この上端に溜まった空気の厚さ（量）を管体１に付された目盛り２によって読み取ることにより、土壌水分の程度を計測することができる。
The usage method of the soil moisture measuring apparatus of this invention is demonstrated.
Water is put into the
毎日、空気の厚さを測定した後に、減少分の水を補充する場合には、測定日の土壌水分の程度が測定される。一方、水を補充しない場合には、毎日の空気流入分が積算される。例えば、毎日水を補充する場合に、１０ｃｍの空気の流入が毎日あるとする。水を補充しない場合には、空気の厚さは１日目が１０ｃｍ、２日目が２０ｃｍ、３日目が３０ｃｍとなり、空気の量は乾燥程度に応じて積算される。なお、灌水や降雨によって土壌が湿潤状態になると、空気の厚さはほぼ０近傍に戻る。 When measuring the air thickness every day and then replenishing the reduced water, the degree of soil moisture on the measurement day is measured. On the other hand, when water is not replenished, the daily air inflow is integrated. For example, when water is replenished every day, it is assumed that there is an air flow of 10 cm every day. When water is not replenished, the air thickness is 10 cm on the first day, 20 cm on the second day, and 30 cm on the third day, and the amount of air is integrated according to the degree of drying. When the soil becomes wet due to irrigation or rainfall, the thickness of the air returns to almost zero.
本発明の土壌水分測定装置は従来使われているテンシオメーターと併用し、補完しながら使うと一層有用である。また、本発明の原理は従来使われているテンシオメーターに適用することができる。すなわち、テンシオメーターの上端に目盛りを付するとともに、ポーラスカップから入る空気を確実に上端に溜まるようにすれば、この溜まった空気量により乾燥した土壌の土壌水分の程度を知ることができる。 The soil moisture measuring apparatus of the present invention is more useful when used in combination with a tensiometer that has been used in the past while complementing it. Further, the principle of the present invention can be applied to a conventionally used tensiometer. That is, if a scale is attached to the upper end of the tensiometer and air entering from the porous cup is surely accumulated at the upper end, the degree of soil moisture in the dried soil can be known from the amount of accumulated air.
１ 管体、２ 目盛り、３ ポーラスカップ、４ ゴム栓。 1 tube, 2 scales, 3 porous cups, 4 rubber stoppers.
Claims (2)
下端にポーラスカップが取り付けられている透明の管体内に水を満たして上端に蓋を取り付け、ポーラスカップを土壌中に差し込み、ポーラスカップから管体内に入る空気量を前記管体の側面に付した目盛りで読み取ることにより土壌水分を測定することを特徴とする低水分領域における土壌水分測定方法。 A method for measuring soil moisture in a low moisture region where the pF value indicating soil moisture is dried to 2.8 or more,
A transparent tube with a porous cup attached to the lower end is filled with water, a lid is attached to the upper end, the porous cup is inserted into the soil, and the amount of air entering the tube from the porous cup is attached to the side of the tube. A soil moisture measuring method in a low moisture region, wherein soil moisture is measured by reading on a scale .
上端には蓋が着脱自在に取り付けられ、下端にはポーラスカップが取り付けられている透明の管体の外周に、上端から下方に亘って土壌の含水程度を示す目盛りが付されており、前記ポーラスカップを土壌に差し込み前記管体上部に進入した空気の量を前記目盛りで読み取り土壌水分を測定することを特徴とする低水分土壌用の土壌水分測定装置。 A device for measuring the moisture of low moisture soil that has been dried to a pF value of 2.8 or higher, indicating the moisture of the soil,
Lid detachably attached to the upper end, the outer periphery of the transparent tube body porous cup is attached to the lower end, it is denoted by the scale indicating the degree of moisture of the soil over downwards from the upper end, the porous A soil moisture measuring apparatus for low moisture soil, characterized in that a cup is inserted into the soil and the amount of air that has entered the upper part of the tubular body is read with the scale to measure soil moisture.
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| JP6563732B2 (en) * | 2015-08-06 | 2019-08-21 | 国立研究開発法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 | Natural ventilation wet shelter and measuring device |
| JP6843446B2 (en) * | 2019-07-25 | 2021-03-17 | 国立研究開発法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 | measuring device |
| JP7377542B2 (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2023-11-10 | 国立研究開発法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構 | Soil moisture meter, irrigation equipment and irrigation method |
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