CN105547779B - Water-retaining quantity among field of soil soil sample production method, device and measurement method - Google Patents
Water-retaining quantity among field of soil soil sample production method, device and measurement method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105547779B CN105547779B CN201510991051.XA CN201510991051A CN105547779B CN 105547779 B CN105547779 B CN 105547779B CN 201510991051 A CN201510991051 A CN 201510991051A CN 105547779 B CN105547779 B CN 105547779B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
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Abstract
The invention discloses the production method of water-retaining quantity among field of soil soil sample, producing device and field capacity measurement methods, and water-retaining quantity among field of soil soil sample is made using dedicated unit.The device includes container, water inlet pipe and drainpipe are connected on container side wall, it is respectively equipped with valve on water inlet pipe and drainpipe, water inlet pipe is connected with soakaway trench, and soakaway trench is horizontally installed on container bottom, and soakaway trench is equipped with water seepage hole, the first filter layer is covered on water seepage hole, drain pipe port is covered with the second filter layer, and quartz sand is covered in container, and quartz sand surface is higher than drainpipe bottom surface.The sustainable stabilization soil water supply into cutting ring of the present invention, so that soil is passed through moisture in soil matrix gesture absorption water-absorbing container and directly reaches field capacity state, avoid the problem of being dipped into the variation of saturation state soil sample porosity, it is ensured that soil sample reaches the field capacity state of standard.Water-retaining quantity among field of soil and soil dry bulk density data are measured based on the present invention, as a result reliable and stable, error is extremely low.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Soil Moisture Content Monitoring fields, and in particular to a kind of making side of water-retaining quantity among field of soil soil sample
Method, the producing device of use and the method based on soil sample measurement water-retaining quantity among field of soil.
Background technology
Water-retaining quantity among field of soil is important soil water constant, and meaning refers to：Underground water is relatively deep and well-drained
Soil by fully pour water or precipitation after, allow moisture fully ooze down and prevent from evaporating, by certain time, soil can maintain
Relatively stable weight water content.Field capacity is the maximum value that soil can keep suspended water, be to crop effectively most
High soil moisture content.
Since the percentage that the actual water content of soil accounts for field capacity is relative water content, and relative water content is to comment
The important indicator of valence damage caused by a drought grade, therefore water-retaining quantity among field of soil is significant for drought relief work.In addition, field capacity
Measure also has directive function to irrigating, and when duty is more than water-retaining quantity among field of soil, soil cannot maintain extra water
Amount, these extra waters are oozed under being lost in, this has resulted in the waste of water resource.
The committed step for measuring water-retaining quantity among field of soil is to make the pedotheque for reaching field capacity state.Current
In water conservancy industry and agricultural industry criteria, it is all made of core cutter method and makes the pedotheque for reaching field capacity state, specific side
Method is to reach field capacity state after soil sample to be measured is dipped into saturation by bulk water is discharged, then oven drying method is used to survey
Determine soil moisture content, the as field capacity of the soil.But there are many problems for this method：Such as when being impregnated in manufacturing process
Between and water discharge time it is long, will appear situations such as swelling cutting ring port or soil surface " liquefaction " after soil sample is soaking, in cutting ring
Soil sample pre-existent pore degree is changed, and the soil internal congestion that soil fine particle can be deposited on cutting ring lower part in draining is original
Hole causes to ooze under moisture in soil sample slowly, to be difficult to grasp draining to the time of field capacity state, additionally, there may be
Situations such as soil moisture content vertical characteristics differ greatly in same cutting ring, and absorption ability cannot reappear etc., these all affect survey
Determine the accuracy of result.Therefore, the field capacity that the water-retaining quantity among field of soil soil sample obtained based on existing method is measured is accurate
Spend low, often error is larger for the result of same soil many experiments.
Invention content
To solve the above problems, the invention discloses the production methods of water-retaining quantity among field of soil soil sample, and devise thus
Soil sample is reached field water holding from directly being absorbed water to compared with low water content state by dedicated producing device in laboratory using water suction method
Amount state, soil making is quick and convenient, and measurement result is accurate.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions：
The production method of water-retaining quantity among field of soil soil sample, includes the following steps：
Step 1, several pieces soil sample is acquired using cutting ring；
Step 2, soil sample one end in cutting ring is enabled to be covered with the first filter layer and the second filter layer, first filter layer successively
Gap is more than the second filter layer；
Step 3, the container for being equipped with water inlet pipe and drainpipe using one is covered with quartz sand in container, and quartz sand surface is higher than
Drainpipe bottom surface, by water inlet pipe, into container, quartz sand slowly seeps water, quartz sand surface keep it is smooth, into water inlet pipe into
Water, keeping drainpipe to be in has the state that water is slowly discharged, and the second filter layer is covered in quartz sand surface；Cutting ring is placed on quartz
On sand and its one end with filter layer is enabled to be in contact with the second filter layer on quartz sand, covers vessel port；Water suction one section when
Between after, take out cutting ring weigh, when multiple weighing data does not change to get water-retaining quantity among field of soil soil sample.
Further, it after acquiring soil sample in the step 1, is covered each by head cover in cutting ring upper and lower ends and has hole bottom cover,
It is described have the second filter layer is placed in advance in the bottom cover of hole.
Further, the step 2 includes the following steps：After having removed hole bottom cover, retain second filtering of soil sample one end
Layer, and be fixed after covering the first filter layer on the second filter layer.
Further, first filter layer includes gauze, and second filter layer includes filter paper.
The measurement method of water-retaining quantity among field of soil soil sample, includes the following steps：
Water-retaining quantity among field of soil soil sample is made using the production method of water-retaining quantity among field of soil soil sample above-mentioned, using drying
Method calculates soil sample water content in cutting ring, calculates the average value of several pieces soil sample field capacity and dry density under each depth, i.e.,
Obtain the field capacity of the depth.
The producing device of water-retaining quantity among field of soil soil sample, including container are connected with water inlet pipe and row on the container side wall
Valve is respectively equipped on water pipe, water inlet pipe and drainpipe, the water inlet pipe is connected with soakaway trench, and soakaway trench is horizontally installed on container
Bottom, soakaway trench are equipped with water seepage hole, are covered with the first filter layer on the water seepage hole, the drain pipe port is covered with the second mistake
Filtering layer, quartz sand is covered in the container, and the quartz sand surface is higher than drainpipe bottom surface.
Further, the quartz sand surface is higher by drainpipe bottom surface 3-5mm.
Further, the water seepage hole on the soakaway trench is uniformly distributed.
Further, first filter layer includes gauze, and the second filter layer includes filter paper.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that and advantageous effect：
The present invention passes through the special producing device of water-retaining quantity among field of soil soil sample and method, sustainable stabilization soil into cutting ring
It supplies water, so that soil is passed through moisture in soil matrix gesture absorption water-absorbing container and directly reach field capacity state, avoid immersion
The problem of changing to saturation state soil sample porosity, ensures that soil sample does not have bulk water.The present invention can effectively shorten minute, keep away
Exempt from the problem of previous saturation state soil sample draining is difficult to control to field capacity state, enables clay water content in same cutting ring
Vertical characteristics are uniform, it is ensured that soil sample reaches the field capacity state of standard.It holds in the soil field made based on the method for the present invention
Water soil sample can measure water-retaining quantity among field of soil and soil dry bulk density data, and as a result reliable and stable, error is extremely low.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the layered position schematic diagram that the present invention acquires undisturbed soil using cutting ring；
Fig. 2 is the cutting ring component structure diagram for having acquired soil sample；
Fig. 3 is the cutting ring component diagram of soil sample surface after treatment；
Fig. 4 is the state diagram that water-retaining quantity among field of soil soil sample is made of soil sample producing device；
Fig. 5 is that cutting ring soil sample is weighed schematic diagram.
Reference numerals list：
1- water-absorbing containers, 2- lids, 3- inlet valves, 4- water inlet pipes, 5- soakaway trench, 6- water seepage holes, 7- plugs, 8- drainings
Valve, 9- drainpipes, 10- quartz sands, 11- filter paper, 12- are saturated water level line, and 13- is saturated water level line and quartz sand surface distance, 20-
Cutting ring component, 201- head covers, 202- cutting ring ontologies, 203- bottom covers, 204- bottom covers hole, 205- cutting ring center lines, 206- soil,
207- circular filter papers, 208- gauzes, 209- rubber bands, 30- balances, 301- pallets.
Specific implementation mode
Technical solution provided by the invention is described in detail below with reference to specific embodiment, it should be understood that following specific
Embodiment is only illustrative of the invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The present invention provides a kind of methods making water-retaining quantity among field of soil soil sample, include the following steps：
1, soil sample is acquired, needs to take back in each acquisition undisturbed soil several pieces of monitoring plot different depth acquisition using cutting ring first
Laboratory.
The artificial soil moisture content station monitoring plot soil texture should be able to represent local field soil, the soil texture of same sampling depth
It is essentially identical.Acquisition pedotheque should avoid surface pond day and precipitation Day, avoid soil relatively moistening or compared with drying regime.It is wetter
The soil of profit state can destroy Pore structure in soil when scabbling cutting ring cutting edge, generate " floating " effect；Compared with the soil of drying regime
Earth can cause soil in cutting ring to loosen when scabbling cutting ring cutting edge, influence undisturbed soil acquisition.Comparatively ideal sampling opportunity is soil
When there is certain plasticity in semi-wet.It is recommended that sampled after an effective precipitation, or using manual intervention (watering)
Post-sampling.
Sampling need to excavate soil horizontal profile, should determine cutting depth according to sampling depth and cutting ring height first, excavate
Depth is calculated by formula (1).
In formula：H --- cutting depth；H --- sampling depth；L --- cutting ring height.
With size for 50.46 × 50mm of Φ, volume 100cm3Cutting ring for, when acquiring 10cm depth soil samples, H=
10cm, L=5cm then cutting depthIt evens soil surface out in this depth, pushes cutting ring to not having completely
Enter soil, cutting ring center line 205 is located exactly at 10cm at this time, as shown in Figure 1.
Cutting ring component 20 includes head cover 201, cutting ring ontology 202, bottom cover 203, is uniformly distributed with several on bottom cover 203
Bottom cover hole 204.Cutting ring is before use, cutting ring ontology 202 and cutting ring head cover bottom cover should be numbered in order to record.With clean
Rag dips in a small amount of vaseline, is uniformly applied on cutting ring inner wall, and smearing layer thickness should ensure to lubricate, and soil is enable to can smoothly enter into
Cutting ring, and earth pillar volume and hole in cutting ring are not influenced.
When sampling, the impurity such as plant root whisker, stone are avoided, it is horizontal that cutting ring cutting edge is lain in the soil excavated vertically downward
Section covers cutting ring handle.Vertical depression cutting ring handle, firmly will slowly uniformly, until cutting ring submerges soil completely, in cutting ring
Soil surface is higher by 1~2mm of cutting ring upper edge.Notice that depression depths by range estimation and experience control, are peeped without using cutting ring handle aperture
The mode of cutting ring whether is full of depending on soil.When cutting ring is difficult to push, cutting ring handle can be tapped with rubber hammer and pushed.Use rubber
Skin hammer percussion dynamics is appropriate, drop point is accurate, minimize vibrations, avoids causing Pore structure in soil change in cutting ring.When
The soil texture is close to sandy soil, it is difficult to when using cutting ring Vertical Sampling, can excavate vertical section, the horizontal indentation ring on vertical section
Knife, cutting ring axle center correspond to sampling depth.
When cutting ring presses to appropriate depth, cutting ring Soil Surrounding is gently excavated using native knife is cut, pay attention to buttressing cutting ring it is motionless,
Cutting ring is dug out after soil below cutting ring is cut off.After cutting ring is dug out, the soil of two end faces of cutting ring or more, soil are carefully scabbled
206 surfaces are concordant with cutting ring end face, clean cutting ring outer wall.It, must not if soil falls off in cutting ring end face in this operating process
It mends soil to smooth out, it is necessary to fetch earth or fetch earth when soil relatively moistens again.The circular filter paper 207 of Φ 55mm, which is put into cutting ring, bottom hole
It covers (as shown in Figure 2), bottom cover is covered into cutting ring cutting edge, non-porous head cover is covered after overturning cutting ring, sees Fig. 2.Record sampling depth and
Cutting ring is numbered.
Covering the cutting ring component of bottom cover and head cover will use adhesive tape or rubber band to fix, and prevent bottom cover and Top cover flying.It will
Cutting ring is put into the carton with glissando, minimizes the vibrations of jolting of cutting ring in transportational process, it is spare to take back laboratory.Soil
Sample storage environment should not excessively dry or humidity, prevents soil texture in cutting ring from changing, should be tested as early as possible.
Each sampling depth 3 parts of soil samples of preferred acquisition are tested, in this example, as shown in Figure 1, need respectively 10cm,
Tri- depth of 20cm, 40cm acquire soil sample respectively, and one is obtained 9 soil samples.To avoid occurring in experiment surprisingly resurveying
Soil sample, when sampling, should prepare enough cutting ring, and each sampling depth acquires 1~2 soil sample more, and to take back laboratory spare.
2, processing sampling cutting ring.
Transporting the cutting ring soil sample in laboratory back also needs to be handled, and has hole bottom cover to lie in upwards the cutting ring equipped with undisturbed soil
On experimental bench, the adhesive tape or rubber band of fixed head cover and bottom cover are unlocked, has carefully removed hole bottom cover 203, the filter that when sampling has padded
Paper is retained in soil surface, covers cutting ring with the round gauze 208 of 2 times of cutting ring diameters, is tied up using rubber band 209, pay attention to ring
Knife end face gauze will be stretched flat, prevent soil from falling off, as shown in Figure 3.It is from top to bottom covered with successively in cutting ring soil sample one end in this way
Gauze 8 and filter paper 207, it should be noted that gauze and filter paper are only preferred embodiment, other can also be selected to have uniformly empty
The two filter layers of gap replace both modes, wherein the filter layer gap close to soil sample side is smaller, another filter layer
Gap is larger.
3, soil sample is made to field capacity state.
3.1 prepare producing device
The present invention has specially made soil sample producing device, as shown in figure 4, the device includes a water-absorbing container 1, holds in water suction
It is connected with water inlet pipe 4 and drainpipe 9 on device side wall, inlet valve 3 is installed on water inlet pipe 4, drain valve 8 is installed on drainpipe 9,
Water inlet pipe 4 is higher than drainpipe 9, and 9 mouthfuls of drainpipe, which is covered with two filter paper 11, (can also use other to have more areolate filtering
Layer replaces filter paper, the number of plies of filter paper that can increase and decrease as needed).Water inlet pipe 4 is connected with soakaway trench 5, and soakaway trench 5 is laterally arranged,
Positioned at 1 bottom of container, soakaway trench is less than drainpipe height, and soakaway trench 5 is equipped with water seepage hole 6, and water seepage hole 6 is perfectly even distributed,
Gauze 208 (the filter layer substitution gauze that other can also be used with larger gap) is tied up outside water seepage hole 6, it is ensured that moisture is slow
Exudation, infiltration pipe end are equipped with plug 7.Quartz sand 10, quartz sand particle size≤1mm, quartz sand surface height are housed in water-absorbing container
Go out drainpipe bottom surface a distance, preferably 3~5mm.
When using above-mentioned apparatus, drain valve and inlet valve are first closed, proper amount of clear water is injected into water-absorbing container, the water surface is made to omit
It is higher by quartz sand surface.Quartz sand natural sediment under the action of water, can suitably supplement quartz sand, it is ensured that quartz sand surface is higher by
3~5mm of drainpipe bottom surface.Quartz sand surface is struck off, drain valve is opened, excessive moisture is discharged.It is quartzy below drainpipe at this time
Sand is saturation state, and drainpipe floor height is to be saturated water level line 12, is saturated the distance between water level line and quartz sand surface
13 are higher by the height of drainpipe bottom surface for quartz sand surface, i.e. 3~5mm, and the quartz sand water content of more than drainpipe 3~5mm
Between saturation and field are held.Inlet valve is opened, drainpipe is kept to have water slowly to ooze state, quartz sand surface covering one is opened greatly
Filter paper.
Soil sample absorbs water in 3.2 cutting rings
Cutting ring gauze is lain in downwards surface to absorb water, can be put into multiple cutting rings simultaneously, soil sample in cutting ring
The water supply of continuous uniform can be obtained in each position in lower section, covers water-absorbing container lid 2, prevents moisture evaporation.
After water suction 24 hours, weigh every 1 hour taking-up cutting ring, the electronic balance 30 weighed using sensibility reciprocal 0.01g,
It is put into pallet 301 as shown in figure 5, the related gauze tied up of cutting ring is integrally taken out, weight includes cutting ring ontology, wet soil, cutting ring
Head cover, filter paper, gauze, rubber band, pallet.When multiple weighing data does not change, it is believed that soil sample reaches field and holds in cutting ring
Water state.
4, water-retaining quantity among field of soil is measured
Cutting ring band gauze is integrally put into constant temperature drying box, continues constant temperature 24 hours or more under the conditions of 105 ± 2 DEG C, really
It protects soil sample in cutting ring thoroughly to dry, requires to calculate soil sample water content in cutting ring according to oven drying method, while it is dry to calculate soil sample
Unit weight.The average value of the lower 3 parts of soil sample field capacitys of each depth and dry density is calculated to get to the field capacity of the depth
And dry density.The process that oven drying method calculates soil sample water content, field capacity and dry density is the prior art, in the present invention not
It repeats again.
The technical means disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention is not limited only to the technological means disclosed in the above embodiment, further includes
By the above technical characteristic arbitrarily the formed technical solution of combination.It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art
For, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also considered as
Protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the production method of water-retaining quantity among field of soil soil sample, it is characterised in that include the following steps：
Step 1, several pieces soil sample is acquired using cutting ring；
Step 2, soil sample one end in cutting ring is enabled from top to bottom to be covered with the first filter layer and the second filter layer, first mistake successively
Filtering layer gap is more than the second filter layer；
Step 3, the container for being equipped with water inlet pipe and drainpipe using one is covered with quartz sand in container, and quartz sand surface is higher than draining
Tube bottom face, by water inlet pipe, into container, quartz sand slowly seeps water, and quartz sand surface keeps smooth, intakes into water inlet pipe, protects
It holds drainpipe and is in the state for thering is water to be slowly discharged, filtered in quartz sand surface covering and the third of the second filter layer material identical
Layer；Cutting ring is placed on quartz sand and the one end for enabling it with filter layer is in contact with the third filter layer on quartz sand, is covered
Vessel port；It absorbs water after a period of time, takes out cutting ring and weigh, when multiple weighing data does not change to get soil field
Water-holding capacity soil sample.
2. the production method of water-retaining quantity among field of soil soil sample according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the step 1
After acquiring soil sample, be covered each by head cover in cutting ring upper and lower ends and have a hole bottom cover, it is described have the second mistake is placed in advance in the bottom cover of hole
Filtering layer.
3. the production method of water-retaining quantity among field of soil soil sample according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the step 2 includes
Following steps：After having removed hole bottom cover, retain second filter layer of soil sample one end, and the first filtering of covering on the second filter layer
It is fixed after layer.
4. the production method of water-retaining quantity among field of soil soil sample according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the step 3
Water inlet pipe quartz sand into container uniformly slowly seeps water.
5. the production method of the water-retaining quantity among field of soil soil sample according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, feature exist
In：First filter layer includes gauze, and second filter layer includes filter paper.
6. the measurement method of water-retaining quantity among field of soil soil sample, it is characterised in that include the following steps：
Water-retaining quantity among field of soil soil sample is made using the production method of any water-retaining quantity among field of soil soil sample in claim 1-5,
Soil sample water content in cutting ring is calculated using oven drying method, calculates under each depth several pieces soil sample field capacity to get to the depth
The field capacity of degree.
7. the producing device of water-retaining quantity among field of soil soil sample, including container, it is characterised in that：Be connected on the container side wall into
Valve is respectively equipped on water pipe and drainpipe, water inlet pipe and drainpipe, the water inlet pipe is connected with soakaway trench, and soakaway trench is laterally set
It sets in container bottom, soakaway trench is equipped with water seepage hole, and the first filter layer, the drain pipe port covering are covered on the water seepage hole
There is the second filter layer, quartz sand is covered in the container, the quartz sand surface is higher than drainpipe bottom surface.
8. the producing device of water-retaining quantity among field of soil soil sample according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：The quartz sand table
Face is higher by drainpipe bottom surface 3-5mm.
9. the producing device of water-retaining quantity among field of soil soil sample according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：On the soakaway trench
Water seepage hole be uniformly distributed.
10. the producing device of water-retaining quantity among field of soil soil sample according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：First mistake
Filtering layer includes gauze, and the second filter layer includes filter paper.
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| CN103884635A (en) * | 2014-04-10 | 2014-06-25 | 宁夏大学 | Vertical saturation and non-saturation earth pillar infiltration testing device and testing method thereof |
| CN105092450A (en) * | 2015-08-07 | 2015-11-25 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Low-permeability saturated clay permeation testing instrument and method |
| CN205228918U (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2016-05-11 | 辽宁省水文局 | Soil field capacity soil sample making devices |
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