CN102183454A - Unsaturated soil tester for testing deformation of soil sample of clay in real time - Google Patents
Unsaturated soil tester for testing deformation of soil sample of clay in real time Download PDFInfo
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- CN102183454A CN102183454A CN 201110048938 CN201110048938A CN102183454A CN 102183454 A CN102183454 A CN 102183454A CN 201110048938 CN201110048938 CN 201110048938 CN 201110048938 A CN201110048938 A CN 201110048938A CN 102183454 A CN102183454 A CN 102183454A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an unsaturated soil tester for testing deformation of a soil sample of a clay in real time, which belongs to the technical field of manufacturing of geotechnical engineering measuring instruments. The tester comprises a combined pressure chamber, wherein the combined pressure chamber is provided with a bidirectional moving uploading pressure piston, a sidewall of the combined pressure chamber is transparent, and top of the pressure chamber is provided with an air intake; a strengthening component is arranged at an external side of a transparent sleeve, a clay plate is embedded in a submerged groove at a base of the pressure chamber, and the base is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet; a piston head contacted with the soil sample is an end support plate, the other end of a piston rod is connected with an uploading plate, and the uploading plate is provided with a displacement meter; additionally, the tester further comprises a laser measurement device arranged at the external side of the transparent sleeve, and the laser measurement device is used for measuring the lateral deformation of the soil sample filled in the pressure chamber in real time. The tester can accurately test the lateral deformation and the vertical deformation of the clay in a drying process and a humidifying process, so that a soil water characteristic curve of the soil sample of the clay under a dry-humid circulation state can be obtained. The tester is excellent in test accuracy, simple in structure, convenient to operate and easy to control.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Geotechnical Engineering measurement mechanism, particularly relate to the unsaturated soil test unit that a kind of real-time measurement clay soil sample body becomes, belong to Geotechnical Engineering surveying instrument manufacturing technology field.
Background technology
Unsaturated soils such as fine grained soil, collapsible soil and swelled ground are widely used in engineering fields such as roadbed, ground, retaining wall, refuse landfill, nuke rubbish deep layer geological disposal as construction material.These construction materials after being subjected to external load effect, precipitation osmosis, underground water capillary action, its physical property, engineering properties, especially native water characteristic all can change.Simultaneously, in the simulation of unsaturated soil stress-strain relation, the mechanical characteristic of unsaturated soil also depends on the path of change of moisture content except that the influence that is subjected to matric suction or change of moisture content, and the path of change of moisture content is the process that soil sample is dry or soak.Therefore, hydraulic performance and the mechanical characteristic of research unsaturated soil under the drying and watering cycle effect is even more important.The hydraulic performance of unsaturated soil, promptly water retention characteristic is used native water characteristic curve SWCC(Soil-water characteristic curve usually) represent.The native water characteristic curve that stress is relevant is to be described in the curve that concerns between the unsaturated soil mesostroma suction and water cut or saturation degree under certain stress state, and unsaturated soil mesostroma suction is the difference of the pore air pressure and the pore water pressure of inside soil body.For a certain specific soil sample, when not considering temperature effect, void ratio is the principal element of the native water characteristic curve of influence.Water cut is identical, two kinds of soil samples that void ratio is different, and relation curve moves down between saturation degree that void ratio is big and suction.By native water characteristic curve, can reflect many critical natures of the soil body, as: intensity, body change, stress state, perviousness etc.
At present, the conventional test method of measuring unsaturated soil soil water characteristic curve is the pressure plare method, goes for matric suction and measures less than the soil sample soil water characteristic parameter of 1500kPa.Its principle is to utilize saturated high air-entry value potter's clay plate, adopts the matric suction of axle translation technology control soil sample, promptly by applying certain air pressure control pore air pressure, makes pore water pressure remain zero, and this air pressure is currently applied matric suction value.Existing unsaturated soil testing tool generally comprises the combined pressure chamber of piston type sealing, the top cover of pressure chamber, base and transparent sleeve can carry out the loading of soil sample or shift out by assembly and disassembly, each assembled part of pressure chamber passes through draw-in groove, sealing strip and clamp structure are realized the sealing assembling of pressure chamber, clamp structure is reinforced pressure chamber's all angles, the air admission hole that is interlinked to the outside in the top cover of pressure chamber is provided with, pressure chamber's base has inlet opening and the apopore with external communications, piston crown is the end board, the loading end that piston stretches to the pressure chamber outside can carry external pressure, also be provided with the displacement transducer of measuring piston vertical translation displacement in pressure chamber at loading end, a porous potter's clay plate is installed in the bottom by pressure chamber, and soil sample is positioned over carries out native water characteristic parameter measurement on the porous potter's clay plate.Under the matric suction effect that adds, soil sample suction or draining, to reach the suction equalization of soil sample inside, promptly the matric suction of soil sample inside reaches balance with the matric suction that is applied.When the water volume of soil sample no longer changes, the change calculations that becomes head in the pipe by body draws soil specimen moisture content this moment.Change air pressure then, calculate water cut again behind the wait suction equalization.Repeatedly repeat this operation, obtain a series of matric suction and corresponding with it soil sample water cut, thereby obtain the relation curve between matric suction and water cut.Simultaneously, in the presumptive test process, sample ring by the mensuration to the soil sample vertical deformation, can obtain the saturation degree of soil sample under a certain matric suction to not deforming, and can obtain the relation curve between matric suction and saturation degree.Relation has a precondition between saturation degree suction but measure, and promptly sample does not break away from cutting ring or circumferential deformation does not take place, and is equal to the hypothesis sample ring and does not shrink or expand to volume, and only depend on the vertical displacement meter can obtain volume change this moment.And to most of unsaturated soils, be in the moisture absorption process in humidifying, the soil body produces elastic expansion, and mummification is in the dehumidification process, and soil sample produces tangible plastic shrinkage.As bentonitic clay is high-expansion soil, and its volumetric expansion in moisture absorption process is obvious.Expect the relation curve between saturation degree and suction, just need when every grade of suction equalization, suction be removed, take out quality, volume that sample is measured sample, and then reload.This process, through unloading, reload process, can produce certain test error, thus can not be real-time obtain relation curve between saturation degree and suction accurately, in the measurement process because the personal error that the technical requirement height produces also can make the application of unsaturated soil test unit be affected.And in fact, the existing unsaturated soil test apparatus that is used for is too complicated owing to structure, and design and manufacturing cost are higher, operate also very inconvenient.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention provides the unsaturated soil test unit that a kind of real-time measurement clay soil sample body becomes, can accurately measure the lateral deformation and the vertical deformation of mummification and slaking process medium clay soil, thereby can obtain native water characteristic curve, the especially saturation degree of clay soil sample under the drying and watering cycle state and the relation curve between matric suction.This instrument has measuring accuracy preferably, and device construction is simple, and is easy to operate.
To achieve the above object of the invention, solve the prior art problem, the present invention by the following technical solutions:
The unsaturated soil test unit that a kind of real-time measurement clay soil sample body becomes, the transparent combined pressure chamber of sidewall that comprises a band bidirectional-movement on-load pressure piston, pressure chamber comprises top cover, base and transparent sleeve, the sleeve groove that the lower surface of the two ends up and down of transparent sleeve and the upper surface of base and top cover is offered respectively is sealed and matched, top cover is provided with air admission hole, the transparent sleeve outside is provided with sleeve side direction lock ring member, and the periphery of pressure chamber also is provided with quill and to clamping component top cover and base pinch is fastened; The base upper surface of pressure chamber forms down deep gouge, embeds a high air-entry value potter's clay plate identical with its notch diameter in the following deep gouge; Base is provided with an inlet opening and an apopore, and its aperture position all is located on the sinking groove bottom; The piston crown that is arranged in pressure chamber and directly contacts with soil sample is the end board, the end board is fixedlyed connected with an end of vertical transmission rod, the through hole that the vertical transmission rod other end passes top cover is fixedlyed connected with load plate, vertical transmission rod cooperates with the through hole motive seal, and the outer rim of load plate is provided with displacement meter.The unsaturated soil test unit that this real-time measurement clay soil sample body becomes also is included in the laser measuring device for measuring of transparent sleeve arranged outside, and laser measurement system is measured in real time to the lateral deformation of the soil sample of the pressure chamber inside of packing into.The air admission hole at pressure chamber top cover place inwardly leads to pressure chamber inside, outwards is connected with the external pressure source by pipeline, is used for applying pore air pressure.In order to prevent corrosion, improve device serviceable life, except that transparent sleeve, potter's clay plate, other parts and the peripheral frame thereof of pressure chamber all adopt stainless steel material.Deep gouge concave surface on pressure chamber's base is used to place the potter's clay plate, and according to different test conditions, the potter's clay plate can be changed easily.The upper surface load plate of vertical transmission rod is used for bearing the vertical load that soil sample is applied, simultaneously, but the vertical displacement of sample in the displacement meter experiment with measuring process of the outer edge of load plate.The end board of lower surface contacts with sample upper surface in the pressure chamber, can transmit pressure.
Above-mentioned laser measurement system comprises four laser displacement sensors around transparent sleeve, wherein the incident beam direction of each laser displacement sensor is all over against the surperficial test point that marks of the soil sample of the pressure chamber inside of packing into, and each laser displacement sensor is installed on four vertical guide rods of fixedlying connected with base, laser displacement sensor is by being that the axle horizontal swing positions along vertical guide rod lifting and with it, and each vertical guide rod distributes with respect to the set of projections accumulation of transparent sleeve axis on the base plane form that is centrosymmetric in the projection on the base plane.
Above-mentioned potter's clay plate is high air-entry value potter's clay plate, the bottom of potter's clay plate is connected with the corrosion resistant plate with same diameter, form encapsulating structure together, corrosion resistant plate embeds down in the deep gouge, and is provided with the spirality water delivery groove that evenly launches from its edge of mind-set wherein with the contacted corrosion resistant plate upper surface of potter's clay plate lower surface; Corrosion resistant plate is provided with blasthole and connection closely corresponding with the inlet opening that is positioned at base, also is provided with osculum on the corrosion resistant plate and also is communicated with the apopore that is positioned at base is closely corresponding, and blasthole and osculum connect the bottom of spirality water delivery groove.Below the high air-entry value potter's clay plate is the spiral fashion tank, can be used for washing away the bubble under the potter's clay plate.The inlet opening of pressure chamber's base, can link to each other with the Centromedian blasthole of spiral tank of potter's clay plate below corrosion resistant plate upper surface, becoming pipe in the pressure chamber outside by pipeline and body links to each other, another is an apopore, one end can link to each other with the osculum of the spiral tank outer rim of corrosion resistant plate upper surface below the potter's clay plate, and the other end leads to the pressure chamber outside by the pipeline that is provided with controlled valve.One of effect that this cover path is set be can be regular wash away and measure the gas that is diffused into below the high air-entry value potter's clay plate, guarantee that potter's clay plate bottom does not have bubble, otherwise can influence the suction or the draining of sample, and can make that to become suction (row) water yield of the sample that pipe records by body inaccurate.Two of effect in the process of the test, can become the situation of change that the change calculations of head in the pipe draws the sample containing water amount by body.
Above-mentioned sleeve side direction lock ring member adopts the stainless steel sleeve, the stainless steel sleeve up and down sleeve groove offered respectively of the lower surface of the upper surface of two ends and base and top cover matches, stainless steel sleeve sidewall offers four watch windows, and the circumferential spacing of each adjacent watch window equates, the incident beam of laser displacement sensor should pass watch window and transparent sleeve and incide test point on the soil sample; Quill comprises four bolts to the clamp member, and bolt passes the through hole of top cover, and the screw thread of each bolt lower end matches with the counterbore that has internal thread that is positioned at the close outer rim place of base upper surface respectively.Transparent sleeve and stainless steel sleeve tube form the combined sleeve that has form, and adopting resolution is the laser displacement sensor of 2 μ m, and form laser measurement system with data acquisition system (DAS).The lateral deformation of adopting sample in the laser displacement sensor gaging pressure chamber is the method that a kind of noncontact measures displacement, uses laser triangulation diffuse reflectance measurement principle.The laser triangulation displacement measurement system is to the tested sample surface from a branch of light of light emitted, observe the position of reflection light point by imaging at other direction, thereby calculate the distortion of sample, the installation site of the test unit that this real-time measurement sample body becomes is corresponding with four hole location of pressure chamber's stainless steel sleeve.In the process of the test,, can move up and down the position of laser displacement sensor according to the variation of specimen height in the pressure chamber.Specimen surface is smeared unglazed white paint, or is only smearing white paint with the corresponding zone, visual window position of combined sleeve, to increase the reflection coefficient of specimen surface.Mark measurement point simultaneously,,, adjust the position of laser displacement gauge, make laser beam impinge perpendicularly on the measurement point of specimen surface along with the variation of specimen height so that in process of the test.
The track shape hole of above-mentioned watch window for axially offering along the stainless steel sleeve.
Four overhanging bracket bases of above-mentioned vertical guide rod and pressure chamber base are fixedlyed connected.
The material of above-mentioned transparent sleeve is a transparent organic glass, all is lined with one deck rubber band on the both ends of the surface of transparent sleeve.Rubber band embeds respectively in the sleeve groove, mainly plays the effect of sealing.
Also be lined with one deck rubber band on the both ends of the surface of above-mentioned stainless steel sleeve respectively, play the effect of further reinforced seal effect.
The present invention compared with prior art has following conspicuous outstanding substantive distinguishing features and advantage:
The test unit that this real-time measurement sample body becomes by the laser displacement sensor lateral deformation of monitoring pressure chamber interior clay sample in real time, and then can obtain the Changing Pattern of the void ratio and the saturation degree of soil sample under every grade of load exactly.Sample produces drying shrinkage or expansion in process of the test, be to obtain the size that sample body becomes exactly with common pressure plare test apparatus.Use the test unit that this real-time measurement sample body becomes, can obtain the relevant native water characteristic curve of complete stress of clay soil sample under the drying and watering cycle state, i.e. relation curve between relation curve and saturation degree and matric suction between water cut and matric suction.Also can apply unidirectional compression load, promptly
K 0 State obtains the one dimension compression curve of soil sample under the different suction force state.
Be lined with rubber band between stainless steel sleeve of the present invention, organic glass sleeve and pressure chamber's base and the top cover, and be with four bolt outside the pressure chamber, sealing load chamber more closely, and organic glass is when being stretched by hoop, the hoop effect of peripheral stainless steel sleeve is arranged, strengthened the drag of whole pressure chamber.System can control matric suction from being similar to null value to 2.5MPa.In addition, the present invention can regularly wash away and measure diffusion gas, can change the potter's clay plate of several various inlet values, and this instrument and equipment has measuring accuracy preferably, and device construction is simple, and is easy to operate, is easy to control.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the unsaturated soil test unit of real-time measurement clay soil sample body change of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the cut-open view of vertical guide rod axis in the edge of unsaturated soil test unit of the present invention and pressure chamber axis.
Fig. 3 is the cut-open view along bolt axis and pressure chamber axis of unsaturated soil test unit of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the structural drawing of pressure chamber's base of unsaturated soil test unit of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the structural drawing of pressure chamber's top cover of unsaturated soil test unit of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the structural drawing of the on-load pressure piston component of unsaturated soil test unit of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the structural drawing of the stainless steel sleeve of unsaturated soil test unit of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is the structural drawing of the transparent sleeve of unsaturated soil test unit of the present invention.
Embodiment
Details are as follows in conjunction with the accompanying drawings for a preferred embodiment of the present invention:
Referring to Fig. 1～3, Fig. 6 and Fig. 8, the unsaturated soil test unit that real-time measurement clay soil sample body of the present invention becomes, the transparent combined pressure chamber of sidewall that comprises a band bidirectional-movement on-load pressure piston, pressure chamber comprises top cover 1, base 4 and transparent sleeve 3, the sleeve groove 23 that the lower surface of the two ends up and down of transparent sleeve 3 and the upper surface of base 4 and top cover 1 is offered respectively is sealed and matched, top cover 1 is provided with the air admission hole 8 that is intended for pressure chamber's inner opening, transparent sleeve 3 outsides are provided with sleeve side direction lock ring member, and the periphery of pressure chamber also is provided with quill and to clamping component top cover 1 and base 4 is fixedly clamped.Desirable top cover 1 diameter is 160 ± 5mm, and thickness is 22 ± 5mm; Base 4 diameters are 160 ± 5mm, and thickness is 40 ± 5mm; Sleeve groove 23 opening internal diameters are 120 ± 5mm, and the recessed degree of depth is 1 ± 0.5mm, are used to place fixedly stainless steel sleeve 2 and transparent sleeve 3; The external diameter of transparent sleeve 3 is 100 ± 5mm, and internal diameter is 80 ± 5mm, highly is 85 ± 5mm; Air admission hole 8 diameters of top cover 1 are 10 ± 1mm, are used for applying pore air pressure to pressure chamber.
Referring to Fig. 2～4, base 4 upper surfaces of pressure chamber form down deep gouge 24, embed a potter's clay plate 6 identical with its notch diameter in the following deep gouge 24.The desirable deep gouge 24 recessed degree of depth down are 10 ± 1mm, and following deep gouge 24 opening internal diameters are identical with the diameter of potter's clay plate 6, are 80mm; Potter's clay plate 6 thickness are 10 ± 1mm.
Referring to Fig. 2, Fig. 3, base 4 is provided with an inlet opening 9 and an apopore 11, and its aperture position all is located at down on deep gouge 24 bottom surfaces.The inlet opening 9 that desirable base 4 is provided with and the diameter of apopore 11 are 10 ± 1mm.
Referring to Fig. 1～3, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, the piston crown that is arranged in pressure chamber and directly contacts with soil sample 19 is end board 15, end board 15 is fixedlyed connected with an end of vertical transmission rod 14, the through hole 27 that vertical transmission rod 14 other ends pass top cover 1 is fixedlyed connected with load plate 13, the diameter of vertical transmission rod 14 matches with the diameter of through hole 27, the outer rim of load plate 13 is provided with displacement meter 17, and its range is 0-30mm.Load plate 13 diameters of desirable vertical transmission rod 14 upper ends are 120 ± 5mm, and thickness is 13 ± 1mm; End board 15 diameters that directly contact with soil sample 19 of vertical transmission rod 14 lower ends are 60 ± 5mm, and thickness is 13 ± 1mm; Vertical transmission rod 14 diameters are 13 ± 1mm, and length is 200 ± 5mm, is used for bearing the vertical load that soil sample is applied.
The unsaturated soil test unit that real-time measurement clay soil sample body of the present invention becomes also is included in the laser measuring device for measuring of transparent sleeve 3 arranged outside, and laser measurement system is measured in real time to the lateral deformation of the soil sample 19 of the pressure chamber inside of packing into.
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, laser measurement system comprises four laser displacement sensors 16 around transparent sleeve 3, wherein the incident beam direction of each laser displacement sensor 16 is all over against the test points of the soil sample 19 surface mark of the pressure chamber inside of packing into, and each laser displacement sensor 16 is installed on four vertical guide rods 18 of fixedlying connected with base 4, laser displacement sensor 16 is by being that the axle horizontal swing positions along vertical guide rod 18 liftings and with it, and each vertical guide rod 18 distributes with respect to the set of projections accumulation of transparent sleeve 3 axis on the base 4 planes form that is centrosymmetric in the projection on base 4 planes.Desirable vertical guide rod 18 is cylindrical, and its diameter is 10 ± 1mm, and length is 120 ± 5mm; Laser displacement sensor 16 is of a size of 30mm * 30mm * 20mm, and the probe of laser displacement sensor 16 is 50 ± 5mm apart from the distance of transparent sleeve 3 outer rims.In the process of the test, the variation according to soil sample 19 height can move up and down laser displacement sensor 16.Experimental provision of the present invention is by laser displacement sensor 16 lateral deformation of monitoring pressure chamber interior clay soil sample 19 in real time, can calculate the Changing Pattern of soil specimen moisture content, void ratio and saturation degree under every grade of load exactly, and then the relevant native water characteristic curve of the complete stress that can accurately obtain clay soil sample under the drying and watering cycle state, comprise the relation curve between relation curve and saturation degree and matric suction between water cut and matric suction.Avoided using conventional pressure plare instrument to measure the instrument and the personal error of clay soil sample soil water characteristic curve.This device also can apply the lateral confinement load, promptly
K 0 State obtains the one dimension compression curve of clay soil sample under the different suction force state.
Referring to Fig. 2, Fig. 3, potter's clay plate 6 is high air-entry value potter's clay plate, the bottom of potter's clay plate 6 is connected with the corrosion resistant plate 21 with same diameter, form encapsulating structure, corrosion resistant plate 21 embeds down in the deep gouge 24, and is provided with the spirality water delivery groove 20 that evenly launches from its edge of mind-set wherein with contacted corrosion resistant plate 21 upper surfaces of potter's clay plate 6 lower surfaces; Corrosion resistant plate 21 is provided with blasthole 10 and connection closely corresponding with the inlet opening 9 that is positioned at base 4, also be provided with osculum 12 and connection closely corresponding with the apopore 11 that is positioned at base 4 on the corrosion resistant plate 21, blasthole 10 and osculum 12 connect the bottom of spirality water delivery grooves 20.The thickness of desirable corrosion resistant plate 21 is 15 ± 1mm, and the spirality water delivery groove 20 on it is used to wash away the bubble that diffuses to potter's clay plate 6 belows.Can regularly wash away and measure diffusion gas, can also change the different potter's clay plate 6 of several air-entry values.
Referring to Fig. 1～4 and Fig. 8, sleeve side direction lock ring member adopts stainless steel sleeve 2, the sleeve groove 23 that the upper surface of stainless steel sleeve two ends and base 4 about in the of 2 and the lower surface of top cover 1 are offered respectively matches, stainless steel sleeve 2 sidewalls offer four watch windows 28, and the circumferential spacing of each adjacent watch window 28 equates, the incident beam of laser displacement sensor 16 should pass watch window 28 and transparent sleeve 3 and incide test point on the soil sample 19.The external diameter of desirable stainless steel sleeve 2 is 120 ± 5 mm, and internal diameter is 100 ± 5mm, highly is 85 ± 5mm.
Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 3～5, quill comprises four bolts 22 to the clamp member, and bolt 22 passes the through hole 26 of top cover 1, and the screw thread of each bolt 22 lower end matches with the counterbore that has internal thread 25 that is positioned at the close outer rim place of base 4 upper surfaces respectively.Bolt 22 adopts hexagon socket head cap screw, and its screw diameter is 15 ± 1mm, and the screw rod height is 120 ± 5mm, and its nut external diameter is 18 ± 1mm, and the height of nut is 8 ± 1mm, and the embedded hexagon circumscribed circle diameter of nut 12 ± 1mm highly is 5 ± 1mm; Counterbore 25 diameters on the base 4 are 15 ± 1mm, and the degree of depth is 15 ± 1mm.Test unit of the present invention is because of the sealing function of rubber band 7 between stainless steel sleeve 2, transparent sleeve 3 and base 4 and the top cover 1, the fixation of peripheral four bolts 22 of pressure chamber, and the hoop effect of 2 pairs of transparent sleeves 3 of stainless steel sleeve, the drag of whole pressure chamber is strengthened.
Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 7, the track shape hole of watch window 28 for axially offering along stainless steel sleeve 2.The desirable semicircle that is 20mm by rectangle and the two ends diameter of 40mm * 20mm of the track shape of watch window 28 combines.
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 4, vertical guide rod 18 and pressure chamber base 4 four overhanging bracket bases 5 are fixedlyed connected.The thickness of desirable bracket base 5 is 10 ± 1mm, and width is 30 ± 1mm, and length is 60 ± 5mm.
Referring to Fig. 1～3, the material of transparent sleeve 3 is a transparent organic glass, all is lined with one deck rubber band 7 on the both ends of the surface of transparent sleeve 3.Also be lined with one deck rubber band 7 on the both ends of the surface of stainless steel sleeve 2 respectively.
The present invention is used for the test that the unsaturated soil sample body of real-time measurement becomes, and 2～3 is described as follows in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
It is 55-65mm that experimental provision of the present invention is suitable for measuring diameter, and height is the cylindrical soil sample of 20-50mm, and concrete process of the test is as follows:
1. on the following deep gouge 24 of the encapsulating structure embedment pressure chamber base 4 that high air-entry value potter's clay plate 6 and corrosion resistant plate 21 are formed, make the blasthole 10 of the corrosion resistant plate 21 below the potter's clay plate 6 aim at the inlet opening 9 of bases, make the apopore 11 of the osculum 12 aligning bases of corrosion resistant plate 21, close the valve that links to each other with base apopore 11, open the valve that links to each other with base 4 inlet openings 9, make it become pipe and link to each other, under the effect of head pressure, make high air-entry value potter's clay plate 6 saturated with the body of pressure chamber outside;
2. smear four unglazed white paints at soil sample 19 side curvature portions, width is about 25 ± 5mm, highly is the height of soil sample 19, and the position is corresponding with four watch window 28 hole location of stainless steel sleeve 2, and marks the laser testing point on white paint;
3. close the valve that links to each other with base 4 inlet openings 9, soil sample 19 is placed on the potter's clay plate 6, four laser displacement sensors 16 are installed on four vertical guide rods 18, adjust the position of soil sample 19, make the incident light of laser displacement sensor 16 aim at four Laser Measuring pilots on soil sample 19 white paints;
4. will put into the sleeve groove 23 of base with the rubber band 7 that transparent sleeve 3 and stainless steel sleeve 2 are complementary, then transparent sleeve 3 and stainless steel sleeve 2 be inserted respectively in the sleeve groove 23 by priority;
5. get again two rubber bands 7 be placed on transparent sleeve 3 and stainless steel sleeve 2 above, setting pressure chamber top cover 1 then, at this moment, vertical transmission rod 14 has passed pressure chamber's top cover 1, regulates and fix the position of vertical transmission rod 14, and it is just contacted with the soil sample upper surface, outward flange in load plate 13 is installed displacement meter 17, the vertical displacement of sample in the record process of the test also can apply vertical load in load plate 13 centers according to the test needs;
6. four hexagon socket head cap screws 22 are passed the through hole 26 of pressure chamber's top cover 1, insert in the counterbore that has internal thread 25 of base 4 upper surfaces, and it is tightened;
7. the air admission hole 8 with pressure chamber's top cover 1 links to each other with the external pressure source, applies pore air pressure;
8. open the valve that links to each other with base 4 inlet openings 9, the record body becomes the initial reading of head, vertical displacement meter and laser displacement sensor in the pipe, then according to the test demand, and imposed load, and record test figure;
9. in the process of the test, regular and high air-entry value potter's clay plate 6 is carried out bubble wash away, and measure the diffusion bubbles volume.
Claims (11)
1. the unsaturated soil test unit that becomes of a real-time measurement clay soil sample body, the transparent combined pressure chamber of sidewall that comprises a band bidirectional-movement on-load pressure piston, described pressure chamber comprises top cover (1), base (4) and transparent sleeve (3), the sleeve groove (23) that the lower surface of the upper surface of the two ends up and down of described transparent sleeve (3) and described base (4) and top cover (1) is offered respectively is sealed and matched, described top cover (1) is provided with air admission hole (8), described transparent sleeve (3) outside is provided with sleeve side direction lock ring member, and the periphery of described pressure chamber also is provided with quill and to clamping component described top cover (1) and base (4) is fixedly clamped; The base of described pressure chamber (4) upper surface forms down deep gouge (24), embeds a potter's clay plate (6) identical with its notch diameter in the described deep gouge (24) down; Described base (4) is provided with an inlet opening (9) and an apopore (11), and its aperture position all is located at down on deep gouge (24) bottom surface; The piston crown that is arranged in described pressure chamber and directly contacts with soil sample (19) is end board (15), described end board (15) is fixedlyed connected with an end of vertical transmission rod (14), the through hole (27) that described vertical transmission rod (14) other end passes described top cover (1) is fixedlyed connected with load plate (13), described vertical transmission rod (14) cooperates for motive seal with through hole (27), the outer rim of described load plate (13) is provided with displacement meter (17), the vertical displacement that is used to measure soil sample (19); It is characterized in that: be provided with a laser measuring device for measuring in described transparent sleeve (3) outside, described laser measurement system can be measured in real time to the lateral deformation of the soil sample (19) of the described pressure chamber inside of packing into.
2. the unsaturated soil test unit that real-time measurement clay soil sample body according to claim 1 becomes, it is characterized in that, described laser measurement system comprises four laser displacement sensors (16) around described transparent sleeve (3), wherein the incident beam direction of each laser displacement sensor (16) is all over against the surperficial test point that marks of the soil sample (19) of the described pressure chamber inside of packing into, and each described laser displacement sensor (16) is installed on four vertical guide rods (18) of fixedlying connected with described base (4), described laser displacement sensor (16) is by being that the axle horizontal swing positions along described vertical guide rod (18) lifting and with it, and each described vertical guide rod (18) distributes with respect to the set of projections accumulation of described transparent sleeve (3) axis on described base (4) the plane form that is centrosymmetric in the projection on described base (4) plane.
3. the unsaturated soil test unit that real-time measurement clay soil sample body according to claim 2 becomes, it is characterized in that, described potter's clay plate (6) is high air-entry value potter's clay plate, described potter's clay plate (6) also has encapsulating structure, the bottom of described potter's clay plate (6) is connected with the corrosion resistant plate with same diameter (21), described corrosion resistant plate (21) embeds in the described deep gouge (24) down, and is provided with the spirality water delivery groove (20) that evenly launches from its edge of mind-set wherein with the contacted corrosion resistant plate of described potter's clay plate (6) lower surface (21) upper surface; Described corrosion resistant plate (21) is provided with blasthole (10) and connection closely corresponding with the inlet opening that is positioned at described base (4) (9), also be provided with osculum (12) and connection closely corresponding with the apopore that is positioned at described base (4) (11) on the described corrosion resistant plate (21), described blasthole (10) and osculum (12) connect the bottom of described spirality water delivery groove (20).
4. the unsaturated soil test unit that real-time measurement clay soil sample body according to claim 3 becomes, it is characterized in that, described sleeve side direction lock ring member adopts stainless steel sleeve (2), described stainless steel sleeve (2) the sleeve groove (23) offered respectively of the lower surface of the upper surface of two ends and described base (4) and top cover (1) up and down matches, described stainless steel sleeve (2) sidewall offers four watch windows (28), and the circumferential spacing of adjacent each watch window (28) equates, the incident beam of described laser displacement sensor (16) passes described watch window (28) and transparent sleeve (3) and incides test point on the soil sample (19); Described quill comprises four bolts (22) to the clamp member, described bolt (22) passes the through hole (26) of top cover (1), and the screw thread of each bolt (22) lower end matches with the counterbore that has internal thread (25) that is positioned at the close outer rim place of base (4) upper surface respectively.
5. the unsaturated soil test unit that real-time measurement clay soil sample body according to claim 4 becomes is characterized in that, the track shape hole of described watch window (28) for axially offering along described stainless steel sleeve (2); Also be lined with one deck rubber band (7) on the both ends of the surface of described stainless steel sleeve (2) respectively.
6. the unsaturated soil test unit that becomes according to any described real-time measurement clay of claim soil sample body in the claim 2～5, it is characterized in that overhanging four bracket bases (5) of each described vertical guide rod (18) and described pressure chamber base (4) are fixedlyed connected; The material of described transparent sleeve (3) is a transparent organic glass, all is lined with one deck rubber band (7) on the both ends of the surface of described transparent sleeve (3).
7. the unsaturated soil test unit that becomes according to any described real-time measurement clay of claim soil sample body in the claim 2～5 is characterized in that described top cover (1) diameter is 160 ± 5mm, and thickness is 22 ± 5mm; Described base (4) diameter is 160 ± 5mm, and thickness is 40 ± 5mm; Described sleeve groove (23) opening internal diameter is 120 ± 5mm, and the recessed degree of depth is 1 ± 0.5mm; The external diameter of described transparent sleeve (3) is 100 ± 5mm, and internal diameter is 80 ± 5mm, highly is 85 ± 5mm; Load plate (13) diameter of described vertical transmission rod (14) upper end is 120 ± 5mm, and thickness is 13 ± 1mm; End board (15) diameter that directly contacts with soil sample (19) of described vertical transmission rod (14) lower end is 60 ± 5mm, and thickness is 13 ± 1mm; Described vertical transmission rod (14) diameter is 13 ± 1mm, and length is 200 ± 5mm; Air admission hole (8) diameter of described top cover (1) is 10 ± 1mm; The inlet opening (9) that described base (4) is provided with and the diameter of apopore (11) are 10 ± 1mm; The described recessed degree of depth of deep gouge (24) down is 10 ± 1mm, and following deep gouge (24) opening internal diameter is identical with the diameter of potter's clay plate (6), is 80mm; Described potter's clay plate (6) thickness is 10 ± 1mm; Described vertical guide rod (18) is cylindrical, and its diameter is 10 ± 1mm, and length is 120 ± 5mm; Described laser displacement sensor (16) is of a size of 30mm * 30mm * 20mm, and the probe of laser displacement sensor (16) is 50 ± 5mm apart from the distance of transparent sleeve (3) outer rim.
8. the unsaturated soil test unit that becomes according to any described real-time measurement clay of claim soil sample body in the claim 3～5 is characterized in that the thickness of described corrosion resistant plate (21) is 15 ± 1mm.
9. according to the unsaturated soil test unit of claim 4 or 5 described real-time measurement clay soil sample bodies changes, it is characterized in that the external diameter of described stainless steel sleeve (2) is 120 ± 5 mm, internal diameter is 100 ± 5mm, highly is 85 ± 5mm; Described bolt (22) adopts hexagon socket head cap screw, and its screw diameter is 15 ± 1mm, and the screw rod height is 120 ± 5mm, and its nut external diameter is 18 ± 1mm, and the height of nut is 8 ± 1mm, and the embedded hexagon circumscribed circle diameter of nut 12 ± 1mm highly is 5 ± 1mm; Counterbore (25) diameter on the described base (4) is 15 ± 1mm, and the degree of depth is 15 ± 1mm.
10. the unsaturated soil test unit that real-time measurement clay soil sample body according to claim 5 becomes, it is characterized in that it is that the semicircle of 20mm combines that the track of described watch window (28) is shaped as by the rectangle of 40mm * 20mm and two ends diameter.
11. the unsaturated soil test unit that real-time measurement clay soil sample body according to claim 6 becomes is characterized in that the thickness of described bracket base (5) is 10 ± 1mm, width is 30 ± 1mm, and length is 60 ± 5mm.
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