CN101509865B - Nonsaturated soil hydraulic parameter measuring device - Google Patents
Nonsaturated soil hydraulic parameter measuring device Download PDFInfo
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- CN101509865B CN101509865B CN2009101193570A CN200910119357A CN101509865B CN 101509865 B CN101509865 B CN 101509865B CN 2009101193570 A CN2009101193570 A CN 2009101193570A CN 200910119357 A CN200910119357 A CN 200910119357A CN 101509865 B CN101509865 B CN 101509865B
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Abstract
The invention relates to an unsaturated soil hydraulic parameter measuring device and a measuring method. The device consists of a pressure chamber 12, a pneumatic pump 21, a vacuum pump 8, a loading frame 10, an appliance base 27, hydraulic pressure pipelines 4 and 20, and pneumatic pipelines 11 and 15. The pneumatic pipelines of the pressure chamber 12 are connected with a pneumatic sensor 16, a pneumatic control valve 18 and the pneumatic pump 21; a water filling pipeline 28 of the appliance base 27 is connected with a control valve 29; the hydraulic pressure pipeline 20 in the center of the sample base is connected with a lower clay plate 14, a hydraulic sensor 9, a water volume measuring pipe 17, a hydraulic pressure control valve 19 and the pneumatic pump 21; a hydraulic pipeline 4 in the center of a top hat is connected with the an upper clay plate 14, the hydraulic sensor 9, a water volume measuring pipe 6, a hydraulic pressure control valve 7 and the vacuum pump 8; a sample 30, a top cap 13, a clay plate 14, a sample 30 and a sample base 25 are arranged between two clay plates 14 and are wrapped by rubber membranes; the sample 30, a pneumatic sensor 23, a pneumatic control valve 22 and the pneumatic pump 21 are connected with the pneumatic pipeline 11 which passes through the rubber membrane from the middle of the sample 30; and the pressure of a weight 26 is added tothe sample by the loading frame 10 and a pressurizing shaft 3. The device can be used for measuring soil and water retention curve and unsaturated permeability coefficient of various soils under the condition of three-directional loading.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is a kind of geotechnological testing tool, belongs to technical field of civil engineering.
Background technology
Unsaturated soil is widely distributed in China, the crude sedimentation soil that earth surface extensively distributes, and the soil body problem that runs in the engineering construction, it nearly all is the unsaturated soil problem, saturated soil is truly seldom seen in engineering practice, and this makes the research of unsaturated soil mechanics have very reality and practical meaning.It is a key character of unsaturated soil that waterpower lags behind, and waterpower lags behind and shows that usually Tu Shui keeps the hysteresis quality of curve, and Tu Shui keeps the hysteresis quality of curve to be subjected to multiple factor affecting, and as soil structure, temperature is the influence of stress state especially.Two important parameters that are used for describing the unsaturated soil hydraulic performance are exactly that to keep curve be the corresponding relation of soil body matric suction and water cut for unsaturation infiltration coefficient and Tu Shui.The domestic and international at present Tu Shui that also is not used for measuring under the three-dimensional stress state keeps the instrument of curve and unsaturation infiltration coefficient.The present invention is exactly that the Tu Shui that is used for measuring under the three-dimensional stress state keeps curve and two important hydraulic parameters of unsaturated soil infiltration coefficient.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention provides a kind of hydraulic parameters of unsaturated soil determinator and assay method, solves the test problem that the Tu Shui of unsaturated soil under the three-dimensional stress state keeps curve and unsaturation infiltration coefficient.
Technical solution of the present invention is characterized in that a kind of hydraulic parameters of unsaturated soil determinator is made up of pressure chamber 12, air lift pump 21, vacuum pump 8, loading frame 10, instrument base 27, hydraulic circuit 4 and 20, pneumatic circuit 11 and 15.Wherein pressure chamber 12 is connected by bolt 2 with instrument base 27, and perpendicular displacement measuration meter 1 and pressuring shaft 3 are arranged at 12 tops, pressure chamber.Second pneumatic circuit 15 at 12 tops, pressure chamber is connected with pressure chamber 12, first baroceptor 16, the first pneumatic control valve door 18, air lift pump 21, and pressure chamber's water-filling pipeline 28 that instrument base is 27 li links to each other with water-filling by-pass valve control 29.Specimen mount 25 is installed above the instrument base 27, is inlaid with down potter's clay plate 36 above the specimen mount.Second hydraulic circuit 20 of specimen mount central authorities is connected with down potter's clay plate 36, second hydraulic pressure sensor 38, second water volume measurement pipe, 17, second hydraulic controlled valve 19, air lift pump 21, the second water volume measure pipe 17 tops the second water shutoff rubber plug 37.Cap 13 bottoms, sample top are inlaid with potter's clay plate 14, cap 13 central first hydraulic circuits 4 in sample top are connected with potter's clay plate 14, first hydraulic pressure sensor 9, first water volume measurement pipe, 6, first hydraulic controlled valve 7, vacuum pump 8, the first water volume measure pipe 6 tops the first water shutoff rubber plug 5.Last potter's clay plate 14 is installed samples 30 with following potter's clay plate 36 centres, and sample top cap 13, last potter's clay plate 14, sample 30, specimen mount 25 are wrapped up by rubber diaphragm.First pneumatic circuit 11 that rubber diaphragm is passed in sample 30 middle parts is connected with sample 30, second baroceptor 23, the second pneumatic control valve door 22, air lift pump 21.Counterweight 26 is by increased pressure frame 10 and pressuring shaft 3, and registration coupon top cap 13 top groove apply pressure at right angle to sample.Loading frame 10 is made up of counterweight 26, lever 32, big counterweight 33, first rotation axis 31, second rotation axis 39, the 3rd rotation axis 40, the 4th rotation axis 41, loading frame 10 is connected with instrument base 27 by gim peg 24, second rotation axis 39 that drives framework 10 liftings is connected by first metal hook 34 with the 4th rotation axis 41, and counterweight 26 is connected by second metal hook 35 with lever 31.
Advantage of the present invention:
The instrument manufacturing is simple, and the measuring accuracy height satisfies the three-dimensional stress requirement, can measure humidification section and dehumidification section that Tu Shui keeps curve, can directly measure the unsaturation infiltration coefficient of various soil properties.
The scope of application of the present invention:
Be applicable to the Tu Shui maintenance curve of the various soil properties that run in the civil engineering work and the measurement of unsaturation infiltration coefficient.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of unsaturated soil hydraulic parameters determinator.Wherein have: perpendicular displacement measuration meter 1, bolt 2, pressuring shaft 3, first hydraulic circuit 4, the first water shutoff rubber plug 5, first water volume measures pipe 6, first hydraulic controlled valve 7, vacuum pump 8, first hydraulic pressure sensor 9, loading frame 10, first pneumatic circuit 11, pressure chamber 12, sample top cap 13, last potter's clay plate 14, second pneumatic circuit 15, first baroceptor 16, second water volume measures pipe 17, the first pneumatic control valve door 18, second hydraulic controlled valve 19, second hydraulic circuit 20, air lift pump 21, the second pneumatic control valve door 22, second baroceptor 23, gim peg 24, specimen mount 25, counterweight 26, instrument base 27, water-filling pipeline 28, water-filling by-pass valve control 29, sample 30, following potter's clay plate 36, the second water shutoff rubber plug 37, second hydraulic pressure sensor 38.
Fig. 2 is the A-A right view of Fig. 1.Wherein have: loading frame 10, gim peg 24, first rotation axis 31, lever 32, big counterweight 33, first metal hook 34, second metal hook 35, second rotation axis 39, the 3rd rotation axis 40, the 4th rotation axis 41.
Embodiment:
Embodiment: hydraulic parameters of unsaturated soil is that Tu Shui keeps the mensuration of curve and unsaturation infiltration coefficient to be divided into two parts,
1) Tu Shui keeps the assay method of curve:
A. first pneumatic circuit 11 is removed from air lift pump 21, first hydraulic circuit 4 is connected with air lift pump 21, close the first pneumatic control valve door 18 and the second pneumatic control valve door 22, start air lift pump 21, open first hydraulic controlled valve 7 and second hydraulic controlled valve 19, it is saturated with following potter's clay plate 36 water-fillings that pressurization will be gone up potter's clay plate 14;
B. go up potter's clay plate 14 and following potter's clay plate 36 saturated after, close air lift pump 21, first hydraulic circuit 4 is connected with vacuum pump 8, close first hydraulic controlled valve 7 and second hydraulic controlled valve 19, first pneumatic circuit 11 is connected with air lift pump 21, sample top cap 13 and sample 30 are installed on the base 25, the outside puts rubber membrane, pressure chamber 12 is connected by bolt 2 with base 27, by water-filling pipeline 28 water-filling in the pressure chamber, when treating the end face 5～10cm of water surface distance pressure chamber, close water-filling by-pass valve control 29;
C. second hydraulic circuit 20 is pulled down from air lift pump 21, increase counterweight 26 by testing requirements, apply pressure at right angle on sample top cap 13, start air lift pump 21 simultaneously, regulate the first pneumatic control valve door 18, apply confined pressure, open 19 drainings of the second hydraulic pressure hydraulic control valve, up to meeting the requirements of the sample stress state;
D. close second hydraulic controlled valve 19, second hydraulic circuit 20 is connected with air lift pump 21, regulate the second pneumatic control valve door 22 and second hydraulic controlled valve 19, by second baroceptor 23 and second hydraulic pressure sensor 38, control a certain size pore air pressure and pore water pressure, the difference of the two is the matric suction s of sample
0, measure the water yield sizes that pipe 17 can be read the turnover sample by second water volume, treat second water volume measure pipe 17 liquid levels steadily after, the sample water cut w in conjunction with known can draw corresponding matric suction s
0Sample water cut w
0, can obtain the battery of tests data s on the Tu Shui maintenance curve
0With w
0
E. regulate the second pneumatic control valve door 22 and second hydraulic controlled valve 19, by second baroceptor 23 and second hydraulic pressure sensor 38, change the size of sample inner pore atmospheric pressure and pore water pressure, promptly change the size of sample matric suction s, after treating that second water volume measurement pipe, 17 level change steadily, read the water yield changing value of turnover sample, obtain new corresponding matric suction s
1Sample water cut w
1, can obtain another group test figure s on the Tu Shui maintenance curve
1With w
1
F. by testing requirements, repeating step e can obtain the test figure on the whole piece Tu Shui maintenance curve, can draw whole piece Tu Shui and keep curve.
2) assay method of unsaturation infiltration coefficient:
A. first pneumatic circuit 11 is removed from air lift pump 21, first hydraulic circuit 4 is connected with air lift pump 21, close the first pneumatic control valve door 18 and the second pneumatic control valve door 22, start air lift pump 21, open first hydraulic controlled valve 7 and second hydraulic controlled valve 19, it is saturated with following potter's clay plate 36 water-fillings that pressurization will be gone up potter's clay plate 14;
B. go up potter's clay plate 14 and following potter's clay plate 36 saturated after, close air lift pump 21, first hydraulic circuit 4 is connected with vacuum pump 8, close first hydraulic controlled valve 7 and second hydraulic controlled valve 19, first pneumatic circuit 11 is connected with air lift pump 21, sample top cap 13 and sample 30 are installed on the base 25, the outside puts rubber membrane, pressure chamber 12 is connected by bolt 2 with base 27, by water-filling pipeline 28 water-filling in the pressure chamber, when treating the end face 5～10cm of water surface distance pressure chamber, close water-filling by-pass valve control 29;
C. second hydraulic circuit 20 is pulled down from air lift pump 21, increase counterweight 26 by testing requirements, apply pressure at right angle on sample top cap 13, start air lift pump 21 simultaneously, regulate the first pneumatic control valve door 18, apply confined pressure, open 19 drainings of second hydraulic controlled valve, up to meeting the requirements of the sample stress state;
D. close second hydraulic controlled valve 19, second hydraulic circuit 20 is connected with air lift pump 21, start vacuum pump 8, regulate the second pneumatic control valve door 22 and second hydraulic controlled valve 19, by second baroceptor 23 and second hydraulic pressure sensor 38, control a certain size pore air pressure and pore water pressure, promptly control the matric suction S of sample
0, measure the water yield sizes that pipe 17 is read the turnover sample by second water volume, treat second water volume measure pipe 17 level change stable after, obtain corresponding matric suction S
0Sample water cut W
0Regulate second hydraulic controlled valve 19, increase pore water pressure slightly, make second water volume measure pipe 17 liquid levels and evenly slowly descend, regulate first hydraulic controlled valve 7, making the water volume of winning measure pipe 6 liquid levels evenly slowly rises, measure pipe 17 numerical value with second water volume on the numerical value and be consistent, guarantee that the water yield of discrepancy sample equates, guarantee that promptly the sample interior moisture content is constant, second water volume measures pipe 17 water volume changing values in the record certain hour, can obtain corresponding matric suction S
0The unsaturation infiltration coefficient;
E. close first hydraulic controlled valve 7, regulate the second pneumatic control valve door 22 and second hydraulic controlled valve 19, change hole air pressure and pore water pressure size, promptly change sample matric suction S
1, treat that second water volume measures pipe 17 vary stable after, water cut reaches balance in the expression sample, obtains corresponding matric suction S
1Sample water cut W
0Regulate second hydraulic controlled valve 19, increase pore water pressure slightly, make second water volume measure pipe 17 liquid levels and evenly slowly descend, regulate first hydraulic controlled valve 7, making the water volume of winning measure pipe 6 liquid levels evenly slowly rises, measure pipe 17 numerical value with second water volume on the numerical value and be consistent, guarantee that the water yield of discrepancy sample equates, guarantee that promptly the sample interior moisture content is constant, second water volume measures pipe 17 water volume changing values in the record certain hour, can obtain corresponding matric suction value S
1The unsaturation infiltration coefficient;
F. by testing requirements, repeating step e can obtain the unsaturation infiltration coefficient under the sample different substrates suction value.
Claims (2)
1. hydraulic parameters of unsaturated soil determinator, it is characterized in that this device is by pressure chamber (12), air lift pump (21), vacuum pump (8), loading frame (10), instrument base (27), first hydraulic circuit (4), second hydraulic circuit (20), first pneumatic circuit (11), second pneumatic circuit (15) is formed, pressure chamber (12) is connected by bolt (2) with instrument base (27), perpendicular displacement measuration meter (1) and pressuring shaft (3) are arranged at top, pressure chamber (12), second pneumatic circuit (15) at top, pressure chamber (12) is connected with pressure chamber (12), first baroceptor (16), the first pneumatic control valve door (18), air lift pump (21), pressure chamber's water-filling pipeline (28) of instrument base (27) lining links to each other with water-filling by-pass valve control (29), specimen mount (25) is installed above the instrument base (27), be inlaid with down potter's clay plate (36) above the specimen mount (25), second hydraulic circuit (20) of specimen mount (25) central authorities is connected with down potter's clay plate (36), second hydraulic pressure sensor (38), second water volume measures pipe (17), second hydraulic controlled valve (19), air lift pump (21), second water volume measures pipe (17) top the second water shutoff rubber plug (37), sample top cap (13) bottom is inlaid with potter's clay plate (14), central first hydraulic circuit of sample top cap (13) (4) is connected with potter's clay plate (14), first hydraulic pressure sensor (9), first water volume measures pipe (6), first hydraulic controlled valve (7), vacuum pump (8), first water volume measures pipe (6) top the first water shutoff rubber plug (5), last potter's clay plate (14) and the middle sample (30) of installing of following potter's clay plate (36), sample top cap (13), last potter's clay plate (14), sample (30), specimen mount (25) is wrapped up by rubber diaphragm, first pneumatic circuit (11) that rubber diaphragm is passed in sample (30) middle part is connected with sample (30), second baroceptor (23), the second pneumatic control valve door (22), air lift pump (21), counterweight (26) is by loading frame (10) and pressuring shaft (3), registration coupon top cap (13) top groove applies pressure at right angle to sample (30).
2. the determinator described in claim 1, it is characterized in that loading frame (10) is made up of counterweight (26), first rotation axis (31), lever (32), big counterweight (33), second rotation axis (39), the 3rd rotation axis (40), the 4th rotation axis (41), loading frame (10) is connected with instrument base (27) by gim peg (24), second rotation axis (39) that drives framework (10) lifting is connected by first metal hook (34) with the 4th rotation axis (41), and counterweight (26) is connected by second metal hook (35) with lever (32).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009101193570A CN101509865B (en) | 2009-03-25 | 2009-03-25 | Nonsaturated soil hydraulic parameter measuring device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009101193570A CN101509865B (en) | 2009-03-25 | 2009-03-25 | Nonsaturated soil hydraulic parameter measuring device |
Related Child Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010101681045A Division CN101865810B (en) | 2009-03-25 | 2009-03-25 | Test method for determining unsaturated soil water characteristic parameters |
| CN2010101681219A Division CN101865811B (en) | 2009-03-25 | 2009-03-25 | Method for measuring three-dimensional stress loaded soil permeability parameter |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN101509865A CN101509865A (en) | 2009-08-19 |
| CN101509865B true CN101509865B (en) | 2010-08-18 |
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2009
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