CN104897540B - A kind of unsaturated soil diffusion soil-column test device - Google Patents
A kind of unsaturated soil diffusion soil-column test device Download PDFInfo
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- CN104897540B CN104897540B CN201510224714.5A CN201510224714A CN104897540B CN 104897540 B CN104897540 B CN 104897540B CN 201510224714 A CN201510224714 A CN 201510224714A CN 104897540 B CN104897540 B CN 104897540B
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- soil sample
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of unsaturated soil diffusion soil-column test device, it is made up of from bottom to top soil sample bucket, solution tank, loading and deformation controller in hole three parts and framework；The loading and deformation controller in hole include loading spanner, dial gauge, rigid load plate, auxiliary directional block, permeable stone；The solution tank includes inlet opening, osculum, solution cover plate；The soil sample bucket includes upper pottery clay plates, air admission hole, lower pottery clay plates and effluent collection pipe；The present invention is more more accurate and simple than by flow control by applying pressure control soil sample saturation degree to soil sample bucket；Carry out that when unsaturated soil diffusion is tested larger hydraulic gradient can be used using the present apparatus, lasted with experiment can be greatly shortened compared with controlling the method for low flow velocity；In addition, solution permeates after pottery clay plates into soil sample, the permeation pathway under different soil sample saturation degrees is determined by the atmospheric pressure value in soil sample bucket, thus soil sample upper surface infiltrate it is more uniform.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of unsaturated soil to permeate-spread soil-column test device, belongs to unsaturated soil contaminant transportation machine
Manage technical field of measurement and test.
Background technology
The soil body more than nature level of ground water exists all in the form of unsaturated soil, and earth's surface pollutant migrates to underground water
Essence be its migration in unsaturated soil, but due in unsaturated soil solute migration it is more much more complex than in saturated soil, currently
Research to solute migration in unsaturated soil is actually rare.Migration of the solute in soil is related to infiltration, diffusion and suction-operated,
And these effects are all influenceed by soil saturation degree, the difficult point that solute migration experiment is carried out in unsaturated soil is saturation degree control
System.
Traditional unsaturation earth pillar convection-diffusion effect experiment is tested using the method for accurate control low flow velocity, that is, is passed through
Solution flow rate is less than saturation state flow velocity in the accurate Control Assay of smaller and constant hydraulic gradient, so as to control solute a certain
Permeate and spread under constant saturation, its principle is：The hole being interconnected in soil sample varies, and soil is in saturation degree shape
It is filled with water during state in all holes, after saturation degree reduces, the water discharge in macrovoid is full of water only in fine pore, and solution
It can only reduce by water-filling flow of pore, therefore with the average-size of saturation degree reduction soil sample water-filling hole, its water permeable ability
Reduce, each saturation degree all corresponds to an infiltration coefficient.To avoid soil sample saturation degree increase in process of osmosis, conventional method can only
Tested under the flow velocity of very little, therefore experiment lasts length, and be difficult to control solution from soil sample under unsaturated state
Surface is uniformly infiltrated, therefore experiment difficulty is big, error is big.
The content of the invention
The defects of existing for prior art, present invention aims at provide a kind of unsaturated soil to permeate-spread earth pillar examination
Experiment device, accurately control soil sample saturation degree during soil sample reaches a certain saturation degree and ensures infiltration-diffusion test and keep not
Become, so as to measure parameter of migration of the solute in the saturation degree soil sample.
To reach above-mentioned purpose, idea of the invention is that：
Soil sample is placed in the upper and lower soil sample bucket for having a high air-entry value pottery clay plates by the present invention, by controlling into soil sample bucket
The pressure control soil sample saturation degree of application, and ensure that solute is permeated and spread under the constant saturation, its principle is：Soil
When draught head be present inside and outside sample bucket, the soil pores for water of satisfying and pottery clay plates micropore reclaimed water form meniscus with air contact interface,
The draught head that this meniscus can bear is relevant with pore diameter, increases with draught head, and the water in soil sample macrovoid is discharged, and
In soil sample fine pore meniscus curvature become greatly so as to continue with draught head balance, while in top, bottom pottery clay plates only with soil
The micropore that sample water-filling fine pore is in contact is permeable, not waterproof with the micropore of soil sample pore water contact portion, and is formed curved
Liquid level prevents air by that can bear the draught heads of 3 standard atmospheric pressures in the present invention after pottery clay plates saturation.Therefore different gas
Pressure difference is corresponding with different saturation, and this principle is also the principle of current unsaturated soil water retention characteristic test, by soil sample
Top increases by one piece of pottery clay plates so that solution in the solution tank of top can only by the pottery clay plates with soil sample water-filling fine pore
The micropore being connected is infiltrated downwards, and impermeable role is played in remaining micropore of the pottery clay plates under soil sample bucket gas pressure, this
Sample, can uses larger hydraulic gradient when infiltrating, and need to only ensure that applied head pressure is less than the gas that soil sample bucket applies
Pressure value, therefore in addition to soil sample saturation degree is accurately controlled, experiment, which lasts, also to be greatly shortened.The saturation degree of usual cohesive soil reduces normal
With volume contraction, therefore soil sample height can slightly change during control soil sample saturation degree reaches certain fixed value, if native
Sample upper surface departs from top pottery clay plates, then prevents to ooze under solution tank solution by complete in draught head effect next top pottery clay plates,
Therefore, the present invention sets loading and Deformation control system, it is in close contact with ensureing to reach pottery clay plates after constant saturation with soil sample,
So as to ensure that infiltration lane is continuous, meanwhile, permeable stone and rigid load plate will balance soil sample bucket air pressure, and reduction acts on top and made pottery
Moment of flexure on native plate is so as to playing a protective role.
According to above-mentioned design, the present invention uses following technical proposals：
A kind of unsaturated soil permeates-spread soil-column test device, from bottom to top by soil sample bucket, solution tank, loading and deformation
Control device three parts and framework composition；The loading and deformation controller in hole include loading spanner, dial gauge, rigidity loading
Plate, auxiliary directional block, permeable stone；The solution tank includes inlet opening, osculum, solution cover plate；The soil sample bucket includes upper
Pottery clay plates, air admission hole, lower pottery clay plates and effluent collection pipe；The loading spanner is arranged on framework, load the lower end of spanner with
Rigid load plate top is in contact, and a dial gauge is arranged on the top of rigid load plate, and the rigid load plate passes through solution
Cover plate, sealed by O-ring, and positioned by auxiliary directional block, the bottom of rigid load plate is in contact with permeable stone, composition
Loading and deformation controller in hole；The solution cover plate is sealed with solution tank by O-ring, and solution cover plate is provided with water inlet
Hole, the side wall of solution tank are provided with osculum；The solution tank is sealed with soil sample bucket by O-ring, is placed in the soil sample bucket
The soil sample wrapped up by sponge rubber film, pottery clay plates and lower pottery clay plates on the upper and lower ends of soil sample have respectively, upper pottery clay plates are with
Pottery clay plates are sealed with soil sample barrel side wall by O-ring, and the permeable stone is in close contact with upper pottery clay plates, and the lower pottery clay plates are placed
In the bottom of framework, air admission hole is provided with the side wall of soil sample bucket, lower pottery clay plates bottom picks out water collection pipe.
The upper pottery clay plates and lower pottery clay plates are the high air-entry value pottery clay plates of 3Bar, and micropore is in air pressure after pottery clay plates saturation
Lower formation meniscus, 3 standard atmospheric pressures can be born without breakdown, so as to play the choke effect that blocks water, meanwhile, with soil sample
Embezzle without water air interface in the pottery clay plates micropore that water fine pore is in contact, so as to keep unimpeded, it is allowed to which solution and solute pass through.
The present invention compared with prior art, has the following advantages that：
The present invention is more more accurate and simple than by flow control by applying pressure control soil sample saturation degree to soil sample bucket
It is single；On the premise of the head pressure applied in meeting solution tank applies atmospheric pressure value less than soil sample bucket, carried out using the present apparatus
Larger hydraulic gradient can be used during unsaturated soil infiltration-diffusion test, can be significantly compared with controlling the method for low flow velocity
Shorten experiment to last；In addition, solution permeates after pottery clay plates into soil sample, the permeation pathway under different soil sample saturation degrees is by soil
Atmospheric pressure value in sample bucket determines, thus soil sample upper surface infiltrate it is more uniform.
Tested using apparatus of the present invention, can by the solution flux for measuring soil sample bottom of the barrel exit under certain saturation degree
To calculate the infiltration coefficient of soil sample under the saturation degree, go out to flow concentration time curve by analyzing solute, solute can be calculated at this
The block characteristics of diffusion coefficient and soil sample under saturation degree to the solute.Tested again by the atmospheric pressure value for changing soil sample bucket, can
Determine the solute transfer parameter under different saturation.The present apparatus also can be directly used for determining unsaturated soil Penetration Signature and water holding is special
Property.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of apparatus of the present invention.
Embodiment
Technical scheme is described further with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in figure 1, a kind of unsaturated soil permeates-spread soil-column test device, from bottom to top by soil sample bucket 12, solution tank
9th, loading and deformation controller in hole three parts and framework 2 form；It is described loading and deformation controller in hole include loading spanner 1,
Dial gauge 3, rigid load plate 5, auxiliary directional block 7, permeable stone 10；The solution tank 9 includes inlet opening 4, osculum 8, solution
Cover plate 6；The soil sample bucket 12 includes upper pottery clay plates 11, air admission hole 13, lower pottery clay plates 16 and effluent collection pipe 17；The loading
Spanner 1 is installed on the frame 2, and the lower end of loading spanner 1 is in contact with the rigid top of load plate 5, and a dial gauge 3 is arranged on firm
The top of property load plate 5, the rigid load plate 5 passes through solution cover plate 6, sealed by O-ring, and passes through auxiliary directional block
7 positioning, the bottom of rigid load plate 5 are in contact with permeable stone 10, composition loading and deformation controller in hole；The solution cover plate
6 are sealed with solution tank 9 by O-ring, and solution cover plate 6 is provided with inlet opening 4, and the side wall of solution tank 9 is provided with osculum 8；
The solution tank 9 is sealed with soil sample bucket 12 by O-ring, and the soil sample wrapped up by sponge rubber film 14 is placed in the soil sample bucket 12
15, pottery clay plates 11 and lower pottery clay plates 16 on the upper and lower ends of soil sample 15 have respectively, upper pottery clay plates 11 and lower pottery clay plates 16 and soil
The side wall of sample bucket 12 is sealed by O-ring, and the permeable stone 10 is in close contact with upper pottery clay plates 11, and the lower pottery clay plates 16 are positioned over
The bottom of framework 2, is provided with air admission hole 13 in the side wall of soil sample bucket 12, and the lower bottom of pottery clay plates 16 picks out water collection pipe 17.
The upper pottery clay plates 11 and lower pottery clay plates 16 are the high air-entry value pottery clay plates of 3Bar, and micropore is in after pottery clay plates saturation
Meniscus is formed under air pressure, 3 standard atmospheric pressures can be born without breakdown, so as to play the choke effect that blocks water, meanwhile, with
Soil sample 15 is embezzled without water air interface in the pottery clay plates micropore that water fine pore is in contact, so as to keep unimpeded, it is allowed to solution and molten
Matter passes through.
The use process of apparatus of the present invention is as follows：
First, it is placed in soil sample bucket 12, assembles device by Fig. 1, so after soil sample 15 is wrapped up with sponge rubber film 14
Saturation soil sample 15 afterwards, air pressure is applied by air admission hole 13 and arrives designated value, after a period of time the draining of soil sample 15 terminate to reach to specify and satisfy
And degree, by the shrinkage of bit shift compensation soil sample 15 loaded and deformation controller in hole loading generation is downward, make soil sample 15 and upper pottery
The native close contact of plate 11.Certain density solution is added in solution tank 9 by inlet opening 4 and controls head constant, is started
Infiltration-diffusion test under the saturation degree, solution circulation is carried out so as to keep by inlet opening 4 and apopore 8 during experiment
Solution concentration is constant, constantly collects solution from the bottom effluent collection pipe 17 of soil sample bucket 12 and measures stream concentration, and finally, foundation goes out
Flow amount of solution and go out to flow concentration curve and calculate infiltration coefficient, diffusion coefficient and unsaturated soil that solute is migrated in unsaturation soil sample
Block characteristics of the sample to the solute.Tested again by changing the atmospheric pressure value put in soil sample bucket 12, different saturations can be determined
Solute transfer parameter under degree.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of unsaturated soil permeates-spread soil-column test device, it is characterised in that：From bottom to top by soil sample bucket（12）, solution
Bucket（9）, loading and deformation controller in hole three parts and framework（2）Composition；The loading and deformation controller in hole include loading
Spanner（1）, dial gauge（3）, rigid load plate（5）, auxiliary directional block（7）, permeable stone（10）；The solution tank（9）Including entering
Water hole（4）, osculum（8）, solution cover plate（6）；The soil sample bucket（12）Including upper pottery clay plates（11）, air admission hole（13）, under
Pottery clay plates（16）With effluent collection pipe（17）；The loading spanner（1）Installed in framework（2）On, load spanner（1）Lower end with
Rigid load plate（5）Top is in contact, a dial gauge（3）Installed in rigid load plate（5）Top, the rigid load plate
（5）Through solution cover plate（6）, sealed by O-ring, and pass through auxiliary directional block（7）Positioning, rigid load plate（5）Bottom
End and permeable stone（10）It is in contact, composition loading and deformation controller in hole；The solution cover plate（6）With solution tank（9）Pass through O
Type circle seals, solution cover plate（6）It is provided with inlet opening（4）, solution tank（9）Side wall be provided with osculum（8）；The solution
Bucket（9）With soil sample bucket（12）Sealed by O-ring, the soil sample bucket（12）Interior placement is by sponge rubber film（14）The soil sample of parcel
（15）, in soil sample（15）Upper and lower ends have upper pottery clay plates respectively（11）With lower pottery clay plates（16）, upper pottery clay plates（11）With lower pottery
Native plate（16）With soil sample bucket（12）Side wall is sealed by O-ring, the permeable stone（10）With upper pottery clay plates（11）It is in close contact, institute
State lower pottery clay plates（16）It is positioned over framework（2）Bottom, in soil sample bucket（12）Side wall be provided with air admission hole（13）, lower pottery clay plates
（16）Bottom picks out water collection pipe（17）.
2. unsaturated soil according to claim 1 permeates-spread soil-column test device, it is characterised in that：The upper clay
Plate（11）With lower pottery clay plates（16）For the high air-entry value pottery clay plates of 3Bar, curved liquid is formed under pneumatic pressure at micropore after pottery clay plates saturation
Face, 3 standard atmospheric pressures can be born without breakdown, so as to play the choke effect that blocks water, meanwhile, with soil sample（15）Embezzle water
Without water air interface in the pottery clay plates micropore that fine pore is in contact, so as to keep unimpeded, it is allowed to which solution and solute pass through.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201510224714.5A CN104897540B (en) | 2015-05-05 | 2015-05-05 | A kind of unsaturated soil diffusion soil-column test device |
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| CN201510224714.5A CN104897540B (en) | 2015-05-05 | 2015-05-05 | A kind of unsaturated soil diffusion soil-column test device |
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| CN104897540A CN104897540A (en) | 2015-09-09 |
| CN104897540B true CN104897540B (en) | 2017-11-10 |
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Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106404607A (en) * | 2016-06-02 | 2017-02-15 | 浙江大学 | Soil column testing apparatus for simulating solute transport in consolidated soil |
| CN106767358B (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2023-06-30 | 山西省交通科学研究院 | Device and method for measuring solidification deformation and drainage of unsaturated soil |
| CN109060504B (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2023-11-03 | 清华大学 | Soil and structure contact surface testing machine |
| CN109060637A (en) * | 2018-09-19 | 2018-12-21 | 北京交通大学 | Unsaturated soil apparatus for measuring permeability coefficient |
| CN109883892B (en) * | 2019-03-26 | 2021-11-30 | 福州大学 | Device and method for measuring gas diffusion coefficient in unsaturated soil |
| CN113176391A (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2021-07-27 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Soil testing device |
| CN113155701B (en) * | 2021-04-25 | 2022-11-08 | 温州大学 | Bentonite penetration-diffusion-expansive force combined test device and test method thereof |
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