CN106767358B - Device and method for measuring solidification deformation and drainage of unsaturated soil - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring solidification deformation and drainage of unsaturated soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN106767358B CN106767358B CN201611139717.XA CN201611139717A CN106767358B CN 106767358 B CN106767358 B CN 106767358B CN 201611139717 A CN201611139717 A CN 201611139717A CN 106767358 B CN106767358 B CN 106767358B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/30—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. mechanical strain gauge
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/088—Investigating volume, surface area, size or distribution of pores; Porosimetry
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/30—Assessment of water resources
Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for measuring the solidification deformation and the drainage of unsaturated soil, comprising a soil sample chamber, a drain pipe, a bracket, a dial indicator, an air compressor and a pore water pressure sensor, wherein a soil sample chamber is arranged in the soil sample chamber, a bottom plate for sealing the lower end cavity opening of the soil sample chamber is arranged at the bottom of the soil sample chamber, the upper end cavity opening of the soil sample chamber is movably sealed through a bearing plate, a plurality of weights are uniformly placed on the upper surface of the bearing plate, a bearing platform is fixedly connected to the bearing plate, the bracket is arranged outside the soil sample chamber, the dial indicator corresponding to the bearing platform is arranged on the bracket, the air compressor is arranged outside the soil sample chamber, an air suction port of the air compressor is hermetically communicated with the soil sample chamber of the soil sample chamber through a guide pipe, the pore water pressure sensor is arranged outside the soil sample chamber, and the drain pipe communicated with the soil sample chamber is arranged at the bottom of the bottom plate of the soil sample chamber. The invention can realize the purpose of respectively measuring the soil body consolidation deformation and the drainage under a certain suction force, avoid human test errors and improve test precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical indoor tests, in particular to a device and a method for measuring solidification deformation and drainage of unsaturated soil.
Background
The unsaturated soil consolidation deformation and drainage measurement is an important component part of a soil sample consolidation test, has important significance for soil characteristic research, and accurately measures the soil consolidation deformation and the drainage on the premise that the soil consolidation test is accurately carried out and the subsequent data is processed, so that the unsaturated soil consolidation deformation and the drainage measurement have important practical significance and theoretical significance in the geotechnical test. The unsaturated soil consolidation test is a test for researching the consolidation deformation characteristic of unsaturated soil under a certain suction force, the existing unsaturated soil consolidation deformation and drainage measuring device is relatively lack, and a specific and efficient test method is less, so that the research of the soil consolidation characteristic is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the device and the method for measuring the solidification deformation and the drainage of the unsaturated soil, which can realize the purpose of respectively measuring the solidification deformation and the drainage of the soil under a certain suction force, thereby improving the scientific research level.
The aim of the invention is achieved by the following technical scheme:
the device comprises a soil sample chamber, a drain pipe, a bracket, a dial indicator, an air compressor and a pore water pressure sensor, wherein a soil sample cavity is arranged in the soil sample chamber, the soil sample cavity is provided with an upper end cavity opening and a lower end cavity opening, the bottom of the soil sample chamber is provided with a bottom plate for sealing the lower end cavity opening of the soil sample cavity, the upper end cavity opening of the soil sample cavity is movably sealed through a bearing plate, and the bearing plate can move up and down in the soil sample cavity; the soil sample chamber is characterized in that a plurality of weights are uniformly arranged on the upper surface of the bearing plate, a bearing platform is fixedly connected to the bearing plate, a bracket is arranged outside the soil sample chamber, a dial indicator corresponding to the bearing platform is arranged on the bracket, and a dial indicator contact of the dial indicator corresponds to the upper surface of the bearing platform; an air compressor is arranged outside the soil sample chamber, an air suction port of the air compressor is communicated with a soil sample cavity of the soil sample chamber in a sealing way through a guide pipe, a pore water pressure sensor is arranged outside the soil sample chamber, and a pressure probe of the pore water pressure sensor is positioned in the soil sample cavity of the soil sample chamber; the bottom plate bottom of soil sample room is equipped with the drain pipe that is linked together with soil sample chamber.
In order to facilitate metering of the water quantity discharged by the water discharge pipe, a measuring cylinder is communicated with the water outlet pipe orifice of the water discharge pipe.
The technical scheme of the soil sample chamber bottom plate structure is as follows: the bottom plate of the soil sample chamber is a clay plate, the clay plate is provided with uniformly distributed water absorption holes, the water inlet ends of the water absorption holes of the clay plate are communicated with the soil sample cavity of the soil sample chamber in a sealing way, and the water outlet ends of the water absorption holes of the clay plate are communicated with the water inlet pipe orifice of the drain pipe in a sealing way.
In order to facilitate accurate measurement of contact between the dial indicator contact and the bearing platform, the bearing platform is fixedly connected with the bearing plate through a dowel bar, the upper end part of the dowel bar is fixedly connected with the center of the bottom of the bearing platform, the lower end part of the dowel bar is fixedly connected with the center of the upper surface of the bearing plate, and the dial indicator contact of the dial indicator corresponds to the center of the upper surface of the bearing platform.
Preferably, the weights placed on the upper surface of the bearing plate have the same weight, and the weights have the weight of 25g or 50g or 100g or 200g or 400g or 800g.
Preferably, a valve is arranged on the drain pipe; the support includes montant and perpendicular connection in the horizontal pole at montant top, the montant bottom fixed connection of support is on soil sample room lateral wall, the one end tip of horizontal pole is towards loading board central point put, the percentage table sets up in this end tip of horizontal pole.
Preferably, the soil sample cavity of the soil sample chamber is a cylindrical cavity with the diameter of 15 cm; the clay plate is in a cylindrical shape, the diameter of the clay plate is 15cm, and the thickness of the clay plate is 1.1cm; the bearing plate is in a cylindrical shape, the diameter of the bearing plate is 15cm, and the thickness of the bearing plate is 0.4cm; the drain pipe is a round pipe with the inner diameter of 0.3 cm.
The method for measuring the solidification deformation and the drainage of unsaturated soil comprises the following steps:
A. placing a soil sample in a soil sample cavity of a soil sample chamber, closing a valve of a drain pipe, enabling a dial indicator contact of the dial indicator to be in contact with the upper surface of a bearing platform, adjusting the dial indicator contact of the dial indicator to enable the reading of the dial indicator to be stable, and recording the reading of the dial indicator;
B. starting an air compressor, reading the air pressure value of the air compressor, adjusting the air pressure value of the air compressor according to the soil sample pore water pressure detected by a pore water pressure sensor, enabling the soil sample pore water pressure detected by the pore water pressure sensor to be stable at a required suction value, and recording the reading of a dial indicator; opening a valve of the drain pipe, observing the reading of the dial indicator until the reading of the dial indicator is stable, recording the reading of the dial indicator again, and reading the water quantity in the measuring cylinder; calculating the consolidation deformation and the drainage quantity of the unsaturated soil according to the initial reading and the stable reading of the dial indicator;
C. after the unsaturated soil is solidified, the air compressor and the valve are closed, the soil sample in the soil sample cavity of the soil sample chamber is discharged, and the inner wall of the soil sample chamber is cleaned by a hairbrush, so that no attachments are arranged on the inner wall of the soil sample chamber, and the next test is performed.
According to the idea of the method for measuring the solidification deformation and the drainage of the unsaturated soil, the method for measuring the solidification deformation and the drainage of the unsaturated soil is preferably provided, and comprises the following steps:
A. placing a soil sample in a soil sample cavity of a soil sample chamber, closing a valve of a drain pipe, enabling a dial indicator contact of a dial indicator to be in contact with the upper surface of a bearing platform, adjusting the dial indicator contact of the dial indicator to enable the reading of the dial indicator to be stable, and reading A1 of the dial indicator;
B. starting an air compressor, reading the air pressure value of the air compressor, adjusting the air pressure value of the air compressor according to the soil sample pore water pressure detected by a pore water pressure sensor, enabling the soil sample pore water pressure detected by the pore water pressure sensor to be stable at a suction value F1, and reading a reading A2 of a dial indicator; opening a valve of the drain pipe, observing the reading of the dial indicator until the reading is stable, then reading A3 of the dial indicator again, and reading the water quantity H in the measuring cylinder; and calculating the consolidation deformation condition and the drainage amount of the unsaturated soil according to the readings of the dial indicator, wherein the concrete steps are as follows:
the deformation condition of unsaturated soil in the whole consolidation process is as follows: A3-A1;
under the condition of stabilizing the suction value F1, the consolidation deformation condition of unsaturated soil is as follows: A3-A2; the consolidation drainage amount of unsaturated soil is H+H21, H1 is the sum of the water storage amount of the clay plate and the water storage amount in the drainage pipe, the same clay plate and the drainage pipe, and H1 is a definite and measurable fixed value;
C. after the unsaturated soil is solidified, the air compressor and the valve are closed, the soil sample in the soil sample cavity of the soil sample chamber is discharged, and the inner wall of the soil sample chamber is cleaned by a hairbrush, so that no attachments are arranged on the inner wall of the soil sample chamber, and the next test is performed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) According to the invention, weights are loaded on the bearing plate, the load of all the weights is loaded on the bearing plate, and the bearing plate transmits gravity to the soil sample in the soil sample cavity, so that the purpose of accelerating the consolidation deformation of the soil sample is achieved. When the soil sample is concreted and deformed, the height of the soil sample is lowered, the bearing plate and the bearing platform are synchronously lowered, and the height lowering quantity of the bearing platform is measured by the dial indicator, so that the concretion deformation quantity of the soil sample in the soil sample cavity can be accurately calculated, and the concretion deformation rate can be calculated. In the consolidation process of the soil sample in the soil sample cavity, water in the soil sample flows into the clay plate, water flows into the drain pipe through the clay plate, the drain pipe discharges the water into the measuring cylinder, the water storage capacity is measured by the measuring cylinder, and the total water storage capacity in the consolidation process of the soil sample in the soil sample cavity can be calculated by adding the water content of the clay plate and the water storage capacity in the drain pipe. The invention can also measure and calculate the consolidation deformation and the drainage under the condition that the soil sample is under certain suction, and the initial dial indicator reading and the stable dial indicator reading under the condition of suction are recorded by the dial indicator, so that the descending height of the soil sample under the condition of suction can be obtained, and the consolidation deformation of the soil sample under the condition of suction is calculated. Meanwhile, the initial measuring cylinder reading and the stable measuring cylinder reading under the suction condition are recorded by the measuring cylinder, so that the water discharge amount of the soil sample discharged to the measuring cylinder under the suction condition can be obtained, and the total water discharge amount of the soil sample under the suction condition can be calculated by adding the water content of the clay plate and the water storage amount in the water discharge pipe.
(2) According to the invention, external suction force is provided for the soil sample through the air compressor, and suction force value monitoring at the soil sample pore is performed through the pore water pressure sensor, so that accurate measurement of soil sample consolidation deformation and accurate drainage measurement under a certain suction force can be realized; the invention improves the test precision and avoids artificial test errors.
(3) According to the invention, through the water permeable and airtight functions of the clay plate, the soil sample chamber can be sealed, water can be discharged, and the accurate measurement of unsaturated soil water discharge is realized.
(4) The measuring device has the advantages of simple structure, low processing cost, easy popularization and application in production and teaching, and important practical significance and scientific research significance for unsaturated soil consolidation test.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
Wherein, the names corresponding to the reference numerals in the drawings are:
1-dial gauge, 2-bearing platform, 3-dowel bar, 4-weight, 5-bracket, 6-bearing plate, 7-soil sample chamber, 8-soil sample, 9-clay plate, 10-drain pipe, 11-valve, 12-air compressor, 13-conduit, 14-pore water pressure sensor, 15-dial gauge contact and 16-measuring cylinder.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples:
examples
As shown in fig. 1, the device for measuring the solidification deformation and the drainage of unsaturated soil comprises a soil sample chamber 7, a drain pipe 10, a bracket 5, a dial indicator 1, an air compressor 12 and a pore water pressure sensor 14, wherein a soil sample cavity is arranged in the soil sample chamber 7, the soil sample cavity penetrates through the soil sample chamber from top to bottom, and the soil sample cavity of the soil sample chamber 7 is a cylindrical cavity with the diameter of 15 cm. The soil sample cavity is provided with an upper end cavity opening and a lower end cavity opening, and the bottom of the soil sample chamber 7 is provided with a bottom plate for sealing the lower end cavity opening of the soil sample cavity. In this embodiment, the bottom plate of the soil sample chamber 7 is a clay plate 9, the clay plate 9 is in a cylindrical shape, the diameter of the clay plate 9 is 15cm, the diameter of the clay plate 9 is matched with the diameter of the lower end cavity opening of the soil sample chamber, that is, the clay plate 9 is closely mounted at the lower end cavity opening of the soil sample chamber in a sealing manner, the thickness of the clay plate 9 is 1.1cm, the clay plate 9 has the functions of water permeation and air impermeability, and the clay plate 9 can ensure the sealing performance of the soil sample chamber 7. The clay plate 9 is provided with uniformly distributed water absorption holes, the water inlet ends of the water absorption holes of the clay plate 9 are communicated with the soil sample cavity of the soil sample chamber 7 in a sealing way, the water outlet ends of the water absorption holes of the clay plate 9 are communicated with the water inlet pipe orifice of the water drainage pipe 10 in a sealing way, and the water drainage pipe 10 is a round pipe with the inner diameter of 0.3cm in the embodiment. The outlet of the drain pipe 10 is communicated with a measuring cylinder 16. After the soil sample 8 is contained in the soil sample cavity of the soil sample chamber 7, water in the soil sample 8 flows into the drain pipe 10 through the water absorbing holes of the clay plate 9, and is discharged into the measuring cylinder 16 through the drain pipe 10, and the measuring cylinder 16 is used for collecting water discharged by the soil sample 8, so that the water discharge of the soil sample 8 is conveniently measured. The soil sample chamber 7 of the invention has good tightness and is used for soil samples 8 and clay plates 9.
As shown in fig. 1, the upper end cavity opening of the soil sample cavity is movably closed by a bearing plate 6, that is, the bearing plate 6 is movably installed in the upper end cavity opening of the soil sample cavity, the bearing plate 6 can move up and down in the soil sample cavity, and the bearing plate 6 is used for dispersing the load from all weights 4. The carrying plate 6 of this embodiment is cylindrical, the diameter of the carrying plate 6 is 15cm, and the thickness of the carrying plate 6 is 0.4cm. A plurality of weights 4 are uniformly arranged on the upper surface of the bearing plate 6, the weights 4 arranged on the upper surface of the bearing plate 6 have the same weight, and the weights 4 have the weight of 25g or 50g or 100g or 200g or 400g or 800g; the weight 4 may be any one of the following weights: 25g or 50g or 100g or 200g or 400g or 800g, although the weight 4 can be selected from other weights. Bearing plate 6 is last fixedly connected with cushion cap 2, and soil sample room 7 outside is equipped with support 5, is equipped with the percentage table 1 corresponding with cushion cap 2 on the support 5, and the intensity of support 5 is higher, and support 5 is used for fixed percentage table 1. The dial indicator contacts 15 of the dial indicator 1 correspond to the upper surface of the bearing platform 2. In this embodiment, the bearing platform 2 is fixedly connected with the bearing plate 6 through the dowel bar 3, the upper end of the dowel bar 3 is fixedly connected with the center of the bottom of the bearing platform 2, the lower end of the dowel bar 3 is fixedly connected with the center of the upper surface of the bearing plate 6, and the dial indicator contact 15 of the dial indicator 1 corresponds to the center of the upper surface of the bearing platform 2. The dial indicator contact 15 of the dial indicator 1 is used for measuring the descending amount of the bearing platform 2, the descending amount of the bearing platform 2 can be quantitatively reflected by the reading of the dial indicator 1, the descending amount of the bearing platform 2 can be obtained through the difference between the front reading and the rear reading of the dial indicator 1, and then the consolidation deformation amount of a soil sample in the soil sample cavity can be accurately calculated according to the descending amount of the bearing platform 2.
As shown in fig. 1, an air compressor 12 is arranged outside the soil sample chamber 7, an air suction port of the air compressor 12 is communicated with a soil sample cavity of the soil sample chamber 7 in a sealing way through a guide pipe 13, a pore water pressure sensor 14 is arranged outside the soil sample chamber 7, a pressure probe of the pore water pressure sensor 14 is positioned in the soil sample cavity of the soil sample chamber 7, and after a soil sample 8 is placed in the soil sample cavity of the soil sample chamber 7, a pressure probe of the pore water pressure sensor 14 is placed in each pore of the soil sample 8; the pore water pressure sensor 14 is used for measuring pore pressure in the soil sample 8, so that suction force can be conveniently calculated, and measurement of solidification deformation of unsaturated soil under a certain suction force can be realized. The bottom plate of the soil sample chamber 7 is provided with a drain pipe 10 communicated with the soil sample cavity, and the bottom plate of the soil sample chamber 7 in this embodiment is a clay plate 9, namely the water outlet end of the water absorbing hole of the clay plate 9 is communicated with the water inlet pipe orifice of the drain pipe 10 in a sealing way.
As shown in fig. 1, a valve 11 is provided on the drain pipe 10. The support 5 includes montant and perpendicular connection in the horizontal pole at montant top, and on the montant bottom fixed connection of support 5 was in soil sample room 7 lateral wall, the one end tip of horizontal pole was towards loading board 6 central point put, and percentage table 1 sets up in this end tip of horizontal pole.
The method for measuring the solidification deformation and the drainage of unsaturated soil comprises the following steps:
A. the soil sample 8 is placed in a soil sample cavity of the soil sample chamber 7, the bearing plate 6 is placed at an upper end cavity opening of the soil sample cavity of the soil sample chamber 7, a plurality of weights 4 are uniformly placed on the upper surface of the bearing plate 6, and the bearing plate 6 bears the load of all the weights 4 and moves in the soil sample cavity from the upper end cavity opening to the lower end cavity opening. Closing the valve 11 of the drain pipe 10, enabling the dial indicator contact 15 of the dial indicator 1 to be in contact with the upper surface of the bearing platform 2, adjusting the dial indicator contact 15 of the dial indicator 1 to enable the reading of the dial indicator 1 to be stable, and recording the reading of the dial indicator 1;
B. starting an air compressor 12, reading the air pressure value of the air compressor 12, adjusting the air pressure value of the air compressor 12 according to the pore water pressure of the soil sample 8 detected by a pore water pressure sensor 14, enabling the pore water pressure value of the soil sample 8 detected by the pore water pressure sensor 14 to be stable at a required suction value, and recording the reading of a dial indicator 1; opening the valve 11 of the drain pipe 10, observing the reading of the dial indicator 1 until the reading of the dial indicator 1 is stable, then recording the reading of the dial indicator 1 again, and reading the water quantity in the measuring cylinder 16; calculating the consolidation deformation and the drainage of the unsaturated soil according to the initial reading and the stable reading of the dial indicator 1;
C. after the unsaturated soil is solidified, the air compressor 12 and the valve 11 are closed, the soil sample 8 in the soil sample cavity of the soil sample chamber 7 is discharged, and the inner wall of the soil sample chamber 7 is cleaned by a brush, so that no attachments are formed on the inner wall of the soil sample chamber 7, and the next test is performed.
The invention relates to a method for measuring the consolidation deformation and the drainage in the range of the thought of the method, namely a method for measuring the consolidation deformation and the drainage of unsaturated soil, which comprises the following steps:
A. the soil sample 8 is placed in a soil sample cavity of the soil sample chamber 7, the bearing plate 6 is placed at an upper end cavity opening of the soil sample cavity of the soil sample chamber 7, a plurality of weights 4 are uniformly placed on the upper surface of the bearing plate 6, and the bearing plate 6 bears the load of all the weights 4 and moves in the soil sample cavity from the upper end cavity opening to the lower end cavity opening. Closing the valve 11 of the drain pipe 10, enabling the dial indicator contact 15 of the dial indicator 1 to be in contact with the upper surface of the bearing platform 2, adjusting the dial indicator contact 15 of the dial indicator 1 to enable the reading of the dial indicator 1 to be stable, and reading A1 of the dial indicator 1;
B. the weights 4 with required weight are uniformly placed on the bearing plate 6, the load of all the weights 4 is borne on the bearing plate 6, the bearing plate 6 transmits gravity to the soil sample 8 in the soil sample cavity of the soil sample chamber 7, the soil sample 8 is fixedly deformed, the height of the bearing plate 6 is lowered, the bearing platform 2 is synchronously lowered along with the height of the bearing plate 6, the dial indicator contacts 15 of the dial indicator 1 are used for measuring the lowering quantity of the bearing platform 2, the lowering quantity of the bearing platform 2 can be quantitatively reflected by the readings of the dial indicator 1, the lowering quantity of the bearing platform 2 can be obtained through the difference of the readings of the front and the back of the dial indicator 1, and then the fixedly deformed quantity of the soil sample in the soil sample cavity can be accurately calculated according to the lowering quantity of the bearing platform 2. Starting the air compressor 12, reading the air pressure value of the air compressor 12, adjusting the air pressure value of the air compressor 12 according to the pore water pressure of the soil sample 8 detected by the pore water pressure sensor 14, enabling the pore water pressure value of the soil sample 8 detected by the pore water pressure sensor 14 to be stable at a suction value F1, and reading a reading A2 of the dial indicator 1; opening the valve 11 of the drain pipe 10, observing the reading of the dial indicator 1 until the reading is stable, then reading the reading A3 of the dial indicator 1 again, and reading the water quantity H in the measuring cylinder 16; the consolidation deformation and the water discharge of the unsaturated soil are calculated according to the readings of the percentage table 1, and the concrete steps are as follows:
the deformation condition of unsaturated soil in the whole consolidation process is as follows: A3-A1; A3-A1 is the height drop (converted into unit meter) of the dial indicator 1 in the consolidation process of the soil sample 8, and then the deformation of the unsaturated soil in the whole consolidation process is (A3-A1) ×0.15/2 2 * Pi= 0.005625 pi (A3-A1), unit m 3 Wherein 0.15 m is the diameter of the cylindrical cavity of the soil sample cavity, (A3-A1) is converted into meter measurement units, and if each index value of the dial indicator 1 corresponds to the falling movement of the soil sample by 0.01 mm, (A3-A1) is converted into meter before substitution calculation into (A3-A1) which is 10 -5 The deformation of unsaturated soil in the whole consolidation process is 5.625 pi (A3-A1) 10 -8 Unit m 3 。
Under the condition of stabilizing the suction value F1, the consolidation deformation condition of unsaturated soil is as follows: A3-A2; A3-A2 is the height drop (converted into unit meter) of the unsaturated soil during consolidation under the condition of stabilizing the suction value F1 of the soil sample 8 in percentage table 1, and then the deformation of the unsaturated soil during consolidation under the condition of stabilizing the suction value F1 is (A3-A2) (0.15/2) 2 * Pi= 0.005625 pi (A3-A2), unit m 3 The detailed calculation is the same as the calculation of deformation of the unsaturated soil in the whole consolidation process. The consolidation drainage amount of unsaturated soil is H+H21, H1 is the sum of the water storage amount of the clay plate 9 and the water storage amount in the drain pipe 10, and the same clay plate 9 and the drain pipe 10, H1 are a definite and measurable fixed value; before measurement, the water storage amount of the clay plate 9 and the water storage amount of the drain pipe 10 were calculated, respectively, to obtain H1 (the sum of the water storage amount of the clay plate 9 and the water storage amount of the drain pipe 10).
C. After the unsaturated soil is solidified, the air compressor 12 and the valve 11 are closed, the soil sample 8 in the soil sample cavity of the soil sample chamber 7 is discharged, and the inner wall of the soil sample chamber 7 is cleaned by a brush, so that no attachments are formed on the inner wall of the soil sample chamber 7, and the next test is performed.
The unsaturated soil consolidation deformation and displacement measuring device realizes the measurement of soil consolidation deformation and displacement under a certain suction working condition through the arrangement of the air compressor 12 and the pore water pressure sensor 14, has important significance for the research of soil consolidation characteristics, has a simple structure, is convenient to carry, has low processing cost, and is easy to popularize and apply in production and teaching.
The foregoing embodiment is only one preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and all equivalent changes and approximate substitutions made in accordance with the protection scope of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a measuring device of unsaturated soil consolidation deflection and displacement which characterized in that: the soil sample chamber (7) is internally provided with a soil sample cavity, the soil sample cavity is provided with an upper end cavity opening and a lower end cavity opening, the bottom of the soil sample chamber (7) is provided with a bottom plate for sealing the lower end cavity opening of the soil sample cavity, the upper end cavity opening of the soil sample cavity is movably sealed through a bearing plate (6), and the bearing plate (6) can move up and down in the soil sample cavity; a plurality of weights (4) are uniformly placed on the upper surface of the bearing plate (6), a bearing platform (2) is fixedly connected to the bearing plate (6), a support (5) is arranged outside the soil sample chamber (7), a dial indicator (1) corresponding to the bearing platform (2) is arranged on the support (5), and a dial indicator contact (15) of the dial indicator (1) corresponds to the upper surface of the bearing platform (2); an air compressor (12) is arranged outside the soil sample chamber (7), an air suction port of the air compressor (12) is communicated with a soil sample cavity of the soil sample chamber (7) in a sealing way through a guide pipe (13), a pore water pressure sensor (14) is arranged outside the soil sample chamber (7), and a pressure probe of the pore water pressure sensor (14) is positioned in the soil sample cavity of the soil sample chamber (7); a drain pipe (10) communicated with the soil sample cavity is arranged at the bottom of the bottom plate of the soil sample chamber (7); a valve (11) is arranged on the drain pipe (10), and a measuring cylinder (16) is communicated with the outlet pipe orifice of the drain pipe (10);
when the measuring device is used for measuring, external suction force is provided for the soil sample (8) through the air compressor (12), suction force value monitoring at the soil sample pore space is carried out through the pore water pressure sensor (14), the air pressure value of the air compressor (12) is adjusted according to the pore water pressure of the soil sample (8) detected by the pore water pressure sensor (14), the pore water pressure value of the soil sample (8) detected by the pore water pressure sensor (14) is stabilized at a required suction force value, and accurate measurement and drainage of soil sample consolidation deformation under a certain suction force are realized.
2. The unsaturated soil consolidation deformation and drainage measuring device according to claim 1, wherein: the bottom plate of soil sample room (7) is clay board (9), clay board (9) have evenly distributed's water absorption hole, the water inlet end of clay board (9) water absorption hole and the airtight intercommunication of soil sample chamber (7), the water outlet end of clay board (9) water absorption hole and the airtight intercommunication of the water inlet mouth of pipe of drain pipe (10).
3. The unsaturated soil consolidation deformation and drainage measuring device according to claim 2, wherein: the utility model discloses a bearing platform, including bearing platform (6), dowel steel (3), bearing platform (2), bearing plate (6), dowel steel (3) upper end tip and bearing platform (2) bottom center fixed connection, dowel steel (3) lower extreme tip and bearing plate (6) upper surface center fixed connection, percentage table contact (15) of percentage table (1) are corresponding with bearing platform (2) upper surface center.
4. The unsaturated soil consolidation deformation and drainage measuring device according to claim 1, wherein: the weights (4) placed on the upper surface of the bearing plate (6) have the same weight, and the weight of the weights (4) is 25g or 50g or 100g or 200g or 400g or 800g.
5. The unsaturated soil consolidation deformation and drainage measuring device according to claim 1, wherein: the support (5) comprises a vertical rod and a cross rod vertically connected to the top of the vertical rod, the bottom of the vertical rod of the support (5) is fixedly connected to the side wall of the soil sample chamber (7), one end part of the cross rod faces the center position of the bearing plate (6), and the dial indicator (1) is arranged at the end part of the cross rod.
6. The unsaturated soil consolidation deformation and drainage measuring device according to claim 3, wherein: the soil sample cavity of the soil sample chamber (7) is a cylindrical cavity with the diameter of 15 cm; the clay plate (9) is in a cylindrical shape, the diameter of the clay plate (9) is 15cm, and the thickness of the clay plate (9) is 1.1cm; the bearing plate (6) is in a cylindrical shape, the diameter of the bearing plate (6) is 15cm, and the thickness of the bearing plate (6) is 0.4cm; the drain pipe (10) is a round pipe with the inner diameter of 0.3 cm.
7. A method for measuring the amount of solidification deformation and displacement of unsaturated soil based on the device for measuring the amount of solidification deformation and displacement of unsaturated soil according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
A. placing a soil sample (8) in a soil sample cavity of a soil sample chamber (7), closing a valve (11) of a drain pipe (10), enabling a dial indicator contact (15) of a dial indicator (1) to be in contact with the upper surface of a bearing platform (2), adjusting the dial indicator contact (15) of the dial indicator (1) to enable the reading of the dial indicator (1) to be stable, and recording the reading A1 of the dial indicator (1);
B. starting an air compressor (12), reading the air pressure value of the air compressor (12), adjusting the air pressure value of the air compressor (12) according to the pore water pressure of the soil sample (8) detected by a pore water pressure sensor (14), enabling the pore water pressure value of the soil sample (8) detected by the pore water pressure sensor (14) to be stable at a required suction value F1, and recording the reading A2 of the dial indicator (1); opening a valve (11) of the drain pipe (10), observing the reading of the dial indicator (1) until the reading of the dial indicator (1) is stable, then recording the reading A3 of the dial indicator (1) again, and reading the water quantity H in the measuring cylinder (16); calculating the consolidation deformation and drainage of unsaturated soil according to the initial reading and the stable reading of the dial indicator (1);
C. after the unsaturated soil is solidified, the air compressor (12) and the valve (11) are closed, the soil sample (8) in the soil sample cavity of the soil sample chamber (7) is discharged, and the inner wall of the soil sample chamber (7) is cleaned by a brush, so that no attachments are arranged on the inner wall of the soil sample chamber (7) for the next test.
8. The method for measuring the consolidation deformation and the drainage of unsaturated soil according to claim 7, wherein the measuring method comprises the following steps:
A. placing a soil sample (8) in a soil sample cavity of a soil sample chamber (7), closing a valve (11) of a drain pipe (10), enabling a dial indicator contact (15) of a dial indicator (1) to be in contact with the upper surface of a bearing platform (2), adjusting the dial indicator contact (15) of the dial indicator (1) to enable the reading of the dial indicator (1) to be stable, and reading A1 of the dial indicator (1);
B. starting an air compressor (12), reading the air pressure value of the air compressor (12), adjusting the air pressure value of the air compressor (12) according to the pore water pressure of the soil sample (8) detected by a pore water pressure sensor (14), enabling the pore water pressure value of the soil sample (8) detected by the pore water pressure sensor (14) to be stable at a suction value F1, and reading a reading A2 of a dial indicator (1); opening a valve (11) of the drain pipe (10), observing the reading of the dial indicator (1) until the reading is stable, then reading A3 of the dial indicator (1) again, and reading the water quantity H in the measuring cylinder (16); and (3) calculating the consolidation deformation condition and the drainage amount of the unsaturated soil according to the reading of the dial indicator (1), wherein the concrete steps are as follows:
the deformation condition of unsaturated soil in the whole consolidation process is as follows: A3-A1;
under the condition of stabilizing the suction value F1, the consolidation deformation condition of unsaturated soil is as follows: A3-A2; the consolidation drainage amount of unsaturated soil is H+H21, H1 is the sum of the water storage amount of the clay plate (9) and the water storage amount in the drain pipe (10), the same clay plate (9) and the drain pipe (10), and H1 is a definite and measurable fixed value;
C. after the unsaturated soil is solidified, the air compressor (12) and the valve (11) are closed, the soil sample (8) in the soil sample cavity of the soil sample chamber (7) is discharged, and the inner wall of the soil sample chamber (7) is cleaned by a brush, so that no attachments are arranged on the inner wall of the soil sample chamber (7) for the next test.
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| CN113176391A (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2021-07-27 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Soil testing device |
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| CN1296696C (en) * | 2005-01-24 | 2007-01-24 | 东南大学 | Unsaturated soil solidifying and water characteristic curve combining tester and testing method |
| CN1699997A (en) * | 2005-06-16 | 2005-11-23 | 长安大学 | Soil one-dimensional consolidation, penetration and stress looseness comprehensive test apparatus and method of use thereof |
| CN101806701B (en) * | 2010-05-11 | 2011-05-18 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | Testing apparatus used for measuring osmotic potential of unsaturated soil |
| CN201773056U (en) * | 2010-08-20 | 2011-03-23 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Multi-functional soil consolidation and permeation test device |
| CN201819853U (en) * | 2010-09-13 | 2011-05-04 | 香港科技大学 | Novel osmotic suction controlled comprehensive tester for unsaturated soil |
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| CN103235107B (en) * | 2013-04-26 | 2015-05-06 | 上海大学 | Pressure plate testing device capable of controlling suction force by negative pore water pressure |
| CN103472206B (en) * | 2013-09-17 | 2015-02-25 | 东北大学 | Dual-layer pressure plate instrument for measuring soil-water characteristic curve |
| CN204422335U (en) * | 2014-10-24 | 2015-06-24 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of unsaturated soil consolidometer measuring lateral pressure |
| CN104897540B (en) * | 2015-05-05 | 2017-11-10 | 上海大学 | A kind of unsaturated soil diffusion soil-column test device |
| CN204944417U (en) * | 2015-08-12 | 2016-01-06 | 山西省交通科学研究院 | A kind of variable load soil sample humidification device for measuring vertical deformation |
| CN204944999U (en) * | 2015-08-17 | 2016-01-06 | 山西省交通科学研究院 | A kind of simple and easy humidification soil sample pore water pressure real-time test device |
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| CN206387373U (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2017-08-08 | 山西省交通科学研究院 | The measurement apparatus of unsaturated soil consolidation deformation amount and displacement |
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