CN106767358A - The measurement apparatus and measuring method of unsaturated soil consolidation deformation amount and displacement - Google Patents
The measurement apparatus and measuring method of unsaturated soil consolidation deformation amount and displacement Download PDFInfo
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- CN106767358A CN106767358A CN201611139717.XA CN201611139717A CN106767358A CN 106767358 A CN106767358 A CN 106767358A CN 201611139717 A CN201611139717 A CN 201611139717A CN 106767358 A CN106767358 A CN 106767358A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/30—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. mechanical strain gauge
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/088—Investigating volume, surface area, size or distribution of pores; Porosimetry
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/30—Assessment of water resources
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of unsaturated soil consolidation deformation amount and the measurement apparatus and measuring method of displacement, including soil sample chamber, drainpipe, support, dial gauge, air compressor and pore water pressure sensor, soil sample chamber inside has soil sample chamber, soil sample chamber bottom has the base plate of closing soil sample chamber lower end accent, the upper end accent in soil sample chamber is closed by loading plate activity, several counterweights are uniformly placed with loading plate upper surface, cushion cap is fixedly connected with loading plate, support is provided with outside soil sample chamber, support is provided with the dial gauge corresponding with cushion cap, air compressor is provided with outside soil sample chamber, the air entry of air compressor is connected by the way that conduit is closed with the soil sample chamber of soil sample chamber, pore water pressure sensor is provided with outside soil sample chamber, the bottom base plate of soil sample chamber is provided with the drainpipe being connected with soil sample chamber.The present invention can realize the purpose that both Consolidation Deformation of Soil amount and displacement are measured respectively under certain suction, it is to avoid artificial test error, improve test accuracy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to geotechnological laboratory test technical field, more particularly to a kind of unsaturated soil consolidation deformation amount and displacement
Measurement apparatus and measuring method.
Background technology
Unsaturated soil consolidation deformation and draining measurement are the important components of soil sample consolidation test, and soil strength variation is ground
Study carefully and have great importance, accurately measure Consolidation Deformation of Soil amount and displacement to be that soil solidifying experiment is accurate carried out and subsequently
The premise of data processing, so unsaturated soil consolidation deformation and draining measurement have important practical significance in soil test
And theory significance.Unsaturated soil consolidation test is the experiment of unsaturated soil Consolidation Deformation Character under the certain suction of research, existing
Unsaturated soil consolidation deformation and draining measuring device compare shortage, and rare specific efficient test method, have impact on the soil body
The research of consolidation characteristics.
The content of the invention
In place of in view of the shortcomings of the prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of unsaturated soil consolidation deformation amount
And the measurement apparatus and measuring method of displacement, both Consolidation Deformation of Soil amount and displacement difference under certain suction can be realized
The purpose of measurement, so as to improve scientific research level.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
The measurement apparatus of a kind of unsaturated soil consolidation deformation amount and displacement, including soil sample chamber, drainpipe, support, percentage
Table, air compressor and pore water pressure sensor, the soil sample chamber inside have soil sample chamber, and the soil sample chamber has upper end chamber
Mouth and lower end accent, the soil sample chamber bottom have the base plate of closing soil sample chamber lower end accent, the upper end accent in the soil sample chamber
Closed by loading plate activity, the loading plate can the oscilaltion campaign in soil sample chamber；It is uniform on the loading plate upper surface
Several counterweights are placed with, cushion cap is fixedly connected with the loading plate, support is provided with outside the soil sample chamber, on the support
The dial gauge corresponding with cushion cap is provided with, the dial gauge contact of the dial gauge is corresponding with cushion cap upper surface；The soil sample chamber
Outside is provided with air compressor, and the air entry of the air compressor is connected by the way that conduit is closed with the soil sample chamber of soil sample chamber, institute
State and pore water pressure sensor is provided with outside soil sample chamber, the pressure probe of the pore water pressure sensor is located at the soil of soil sample chamber
In sample chamber；The bottom base plate of the soil sample chamber is provided with the drainpipe being connected with soil sample chamber.
For the ease of being measured to drainpipe discharge water, connection is provided with graduated cylinder at the effluent pipe mouth of the drainpipe.
Currently preferred soil sample chamber base arrangement technical scheme is：The base plate of the soil sample chamber is pottery clay plates, the pottery
Native plate has equally distributed suction hole, and the water inlet end of the pottery clay plates suction hole is closed with the soil sample chamber of soil sample chamber to be connected, institute
The water side for stating pottery clay plates suction hole closed with the water inlet pipe mouth of drainpipe connects.
Dial gauge contact for the ease of dial gauge is accurately measured with raft contact, between the cushion cap and loading plate
It is fixedly connected by transmission rod, transmission rod upper end end is fixedly connected with cushion cap bottom centre, transmission rod lower end end
Portion is fixedly connected with loading plate upper surface center, and the dial gauge contact of the dial gauge is corresponding with cushion cap upper surface center.
Preferably, all counterweight weight all sames that the loading plate upper surface is placed, the weight of the counterweight is 25g
Or 50g or 100g or 200g or 400g or 800g.
Preferably, the drainpipe is provided with valve；The support includes montant and is vertically connected at the top of montant
Cross bar, the montant bottom of the support is fixedly connected on the wall of soil sample chamber side, and one end end of the cross bar is towards in loading plate
Heart position, the dial gauge is arranged at the cross bar end end.
Preferably, cylinder cavity of the soil sample chamber of the soil sample chamber for diameter 15cm；The pottery clay plates are cylinder
Shape, a diameter of 15cm of pottery clay plates, the thickness of pottery clay plates is 1.1cm；The loading plate be cylindrical shape, loading plate it is straight
Footpath is 15cm, and the thickness of loading plate is 0.4cm；The drainpipe is the pipe of bore 0.3cm.
A kind of measuring method of unsaturated soil consolidation deformation amount and displacement, its measuring method is as follows：
A, soil sample is positioned in the soil sample chamber of soil sample chamber, closes the valve of drainpipe, allow the dial gauge contact of dial gauge
With cushion cap upper surface, and the dial gauge contact of dial gauge is adjusted to cause the stable reading of dial gauge, record dial gauge
Reading；
B, startup air compressor, read the atmospheric pressure value of air compressor, according to detected by pore water pressure sensor
Soil sample pore water pressure size adjusts the atmospheric pressure value of air compressor so that soil sample hole detected by pore water pressure sensor
Hydraulic pressure force value stabilization records the reading of dial gauge in required suction value；The valve of drainpipe is opened, percentage meter reading is observed, directly
To dial gauge stable reading, the reading of dial gauge is then recorded again, and read water in graduated cylinder；According to the first of dial gauge
Beginning reading and stablize consolidation deformation and displacement that reading calculates unsaturated soil；
After C, unsaturated soil consolidation are finished, air compressor, valve are closed, lay down the soil sample in soil sample chamber soil sample chamber, and
Soil sample chamber interior walls are cleaned with hairbrush, it is ensured that there is no attachment in soil sample chamber interior walls, in case carrying out next experiment.
According to above-mentioned unsaturated soil consolidation deformation amount and the invention thought of draining measuring method, currently preferred one kind
Unsaturated soil consolidation deformation amount and draining measuring method, its measuring method are as follows：
A, soil sample is positioned in the soil sample chamber of soil sample chamber, closes the valve of drainpipe, allow the dial gauge contact of dial gauge
With cushion cap upper surface, and the dial gauge contact of dial gauge is adjusted to cause the stable reading of dial gauge, read dial gauge
Reading A1；
B, startup air compressor, read the atmospheric pressure value of air compressor, according to detected by pore water pressure sensor
Soil sample pore water pressure size adjusts the atmospheric pressure value of air compressor so that soil sample hole detected by pore water pressure sensor
Hydraulic pressure force value stabilization reads the reading A2 of dial gauge in suction value F1；The valve of drainpipe is opened, percentage meter reading is observed, directly
To stable reading, the reading A3 of dial gauge is then again read off, and read water H in graduated cylinder；According to the reading of dial gauge
The consolidation deformation situation and displacement of unsaturated soil are calculated, it is specific as follows：
Deformation of the unsaturated soil in whole consolidation process be：A3-A1；
In the case of stabilization suction value F1, the consolidation deformation situation of unsaturated soil is：A3-A2；The consolidation draining of unsaturated soil
It is H+H1 to measure, and H1 is pottery clay plates moisture storage capacity and drainpipe inner storing water amount summation, identical pottery clay plates and drainpipe, and H1 is a determination
, measurable definite value；
After C, unsaturated soil consolidation are finished, air compressor, valve are closed, lay down the soil sample in soil sample chamber soil sample chamber, and
Soil sample chamber interior walls are cleaned with hairbrush, it is ensured that there is no attachment in soil sample chamber interior walls, in case carrying out next experiment.
The present invention compared with the prior art, with advantages below and beneficial effect：
(1) present invention is carried on loading plate by counterweight, and the load of all counterweights, loading plate are loaded with above loading plate
In soil sample in gravity for transport to soil sample chamber, the purpose that accelerates soil sample consolidation deformation will be played.When consolidation deformation, under soil sample height
Drop, loading plate, cushion cap will synchronously decline, and dial gauge will measure the height slippage of cushion cap, such that it is able to accurate calculating
Go out the consolidation deformation amount of soil sample in soil sample chamber, and then consolidation deformation rate can be calculated.The consolidation process of soil sample in soil sample chamber
In, the water in soil sample is flowed into pottery clay plates, and water is flowed into drainpipe by pottery clay plates, and drainpipe is discharged water into graduated cylinder,
Graduated cylinder measures out moisture storage capacity, along with the moisture storage capacity in pottery clay plates content water and drainpipe, you can calculate soil sample in soil sample chamber
Consolidation process in total displacement.The present invention can also be measured and calculate the consolidation in the case of soil sample is in certain suction
Deflection and displacement, allow dial gauge to record the initial percentage meter reading in the case of suction and stablize percentage meter reading, you can
The soil sample falling head in the case of suction is drawn, and then calculates the consolidation deformation amount of the soil sample in the case of suction.Meanwhile, allow
Graduated cylinder records the initial measurement cylinder reading in the case of suction and stablizes measurement cylinder reading, you can draw the soil sample row in the case of suction
The displacement of graduated cylinder is put into, along with the moisture storage capacity in pottery clay plates content water and drainpipe, you can calculate in the case of suction
The total displacement of soil sample.
(2) present invention passes through air compressor for soil sample provides external world's suction, and is carried out by pore water pressure sensor
Suction value monitoring at soil sample hole, you can accurately measuring for soil sample consolidation deformation is precisely surveyed with draining under realizing certain suction
Amount；The present invention improves test accuracy, and avoids artificial test error.
(3) present invention can seal soil sample chamber by the permeable impermeable airway dysfunction of pottery clay plates, can also draining, realize non-
Saturated soil displacement is accurately measured.
(4) measurement apparatus simple structure of the present invention, processing cost is low, it is easy to the popularization and application in production and teaching, for
Unsaturated soil consolidation test has important practice significance and significance of scientific research.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the invention.
Wherein, it is entitled corresponding to the reference in accompanying drawing：
1- dial gauges, 2- cushion caps, 3- transmission rods, 4- counterweights, 5- supports, 6- loading plates, 7- soil sample chambers, 8- soil
Sample, 9- pottery clay plates, 10- drainpipes, 11- valves, 12- air compressors, 13- conduits, 14- pore water pressures sensing
Device, 15- dial gauge contacts, 16- graduated cylinders.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to embodiment：
Embodiment
As shown in figure 1, the measurement apparatus of a kind of unsaturated soil consolidation deformation amount and displacement, including soil sample chamber 7, drainpipe
10th, support 5, dial gauge 1, air compressor 12 and pore water pressure sensor 14, the inside of soil sample chamber 7 have soil sample chamber, soil sample
Up and down through setting inside soil sample chamber, the soil sample chamber of soil sample chamber 7 is the cylinder cavity of diameter 15cm in chamber.Soil sample chamber has upper
End accent and lower end accent, the bottom of soil sample chamber 7 has the base plate of closing soil sample chamber lower end accent.In the present embodiment, soil sample chamber 7
Base plate be pottery clay plates 9, pottery clay plates 9 are cylindrical shape, a diameter of 15cm of pottery clay plates 9, the diameter of pottery clay plates 9 and soil sample chamber
The diameter of lower end accent matches, i.e. the deadend of pottery clay plates 9 is installed at the lower end accent in soil sample chamber, the thickness of pottery clay plates 9
It is 1.1cm, pottery clay plates 9 have permeable air-locked function, and pottery clay plates 9 can ensure the airtight performance of soil sample chamber 7.Pottery clay plates 9 have
There is equally distributed suction hole, the water inlet end of the suction hole of pottery clay plates 9 is closed with the soil sample chamber of soil sample chamber 7 to be connected, and pottery clay plates 9 absorb water
The water side in hole is closed with the water inlet pipe mouth of drainpipe 10 to be connected, and the present embodiment drainpipe 10 is the pipe of bore 0.3cm.Row
Connection is provided with graduated cylinder 16 at the effluent pipe mouth of water pipe 10.In the soil sample chamber of soil sample chamber 7 after soil sample 8 is held, the water warp in soil sample 8
The suction hole for crossing pottery clay plates 9 is flowed into drainpipe 10, and water is discharged in graduated cylinder 16 by drainpipe 10, and graduated cylinder 16 is used to collect
The water of the discharge of soil sample 8, and then conveniently carry out the measurement of the displacement of soil sample 8.The soil sample chamber seal of soil sample chamber of the present invention 7 is preferable,
For soil sample 8 and pottery clay plates 9.
As shown in figure 1, the upper end accent in soil sample chamber is by the activity closing of loading plate 6, i.e., loading plate 6 is movably installed in soil sample
In the upper end accent in chamber, loading plate 6 can the oscilaltion campaign in soil sample chamber, loading plate 6 be used for disperse to come from all counterweights 4
Load.The present embodiment loading plate 6 is cylindrical shape, and a diameter of 15cm of loading plate 6, the thickness of loading plate 6 is 0.4cm.
Uniformly it is placed with several counterweights 4 on the upper surface of loading plate 6, the weight all same of all counterweights 4 that the upper surface of loading plate 6 is placed,
The weight of counterweight 4 is 25g or 50g or 100g or 200g or 400g or 800g；Counterweight 4 can select following any one weight：25g
Or 50g or 100g or 200g or 400g or 800g, certain counterweight 4 is it is also an option that the counterweight of other weight.It is fixed on loading plate 6
Be connected with cushion cap 2, be provided with support 5 outside soil sample chamber 7, support 5 is provided with the dial gauge 1 corresponding with cushion cap 2, support 5 it is strong
Degree is higher, and support 5 is used to fix dial gauge 1.The dial gauge contact 15 of dial gauge 1 is corresponding with the upper surface of cushion cap 2.In this implementation
In example, it is fixedly connected by transmission rod 3 between cushion cap 2 and loading plate 6, the upper end end of transmission rod 3 is fixed with the bottom centre of cushion cap 2
Connection, the lower end of transmission rod 3 is fixedly connected with the upper surface center of loading plate 6, dial gauge contact 15 and the cushion cap 2 of dial gauge 1
Upper surface center is corresponding.The dial gauge contact 15 of dial gauge 1 is used to measuring the slippage of cushion cap 2, and the reading of dial gauge 1 can be with
Quantitative response goes out the slippage of cushion cap 2, can draw the slippage of cushion cap 2 by the front and rear difference of reading of dial gauge 1, then basis
The slippage of cushion cap 2, can exactly calculate the consolidation deformation amount of soil sample in soil sample chamber.
As shown in figure 1, being provided with air compressor 12 outside soil sample chamber 7, the air entry of air compressor 12 passes through conduit 13
It is closed with the soil sample chamber of soil sample chamber 7 to connect, pore water pressure sensor 14, pore water pressure sensor are provided with outside soil sample chamber 7
14 pressure probe is located in the soil sample chamber of soil sample chamber 7, and after placing soil sample 8 in the soil sample chamber of soil sample chamber 7, pore water pressure is passed
The pressure probe of sensor 14 is positioned in each hole of soil sample 8；Pore water pressure sensor 14 is used to measure the hole in soil sample 8
Pressure, it is convenient to calculate suction, it is capable of achieving the measurement of unsaturated soil consolidation deformation under certain suction.The bottom base plate of soil sample chamber 7 is provided with
The drainpipe 10 being connected with soil sample chamber, the base plate of the present embodiment soil sample chamber 7 is pottery clay plates 9, the i.e. water outlet of the suction hole of pottery clay plates 9
End is closed with the water inlet pipe mouth of drainpipe 10 to be connected.
As shown in figure 1, drainpipe 10 is provided with valve 11.Support 5 includes montant and the horizontal stroke being vertically connected at the top of montant
Bar, the montant bottom of support 5 is fixedly connected on the side wall of soil sample chamber 7, one end end of cross bar towards the center of loading plate 6,
Dial gauge 1 is arranged at the cross bar end end.
A kind of measuring method of unsaturated soil consolidation deformation amount and displacement, its measuring method is as follows：
A, soil sample 8 is positioned in the soil sample chamber of soil sample chamber 7, loading plate 6 is positioned over the upper end in the soil sample chamber of soil sample chamber 7
At accent, several counterweights 4 are uniformly placed on the upper surface of loading plate 6, loading plate 6 bears the load of all counterweights 4 and in soil
Moved towards lower end accent direction from upper end accent in sample chamber.The valve 11 of drainpipe 10 is closed, allows the dial gauge of dial gauge 1 to touch
First 15 with the upper surface of cushion cap 2, and adjust the dial gauge contact 15 of dial gauge 1 to cause the stable reading of dial gauge 1, record
The reading of dial gauge 1；
B, startup air compressor 12, read the atmospheric pressure value of air compressor 12, according to the institute of pore water pressure sensor 14
Detect the atmospheric pressure value that the pore water pressure size of soil sample 8 adjusts air compressor 12 so that pore water pressure sensor 14 is examined
The pore water pressure force value stabilization of soil sample 8 is measured in required suction value, the reading of dial gauge 1 is recorded；The valve 11 of drainpipe 10 is opened,
The observation reading of dial gauge 1, untill the stable reading of dial gauge 1, then records the reading of dial gauge 1, and read graduated cylinder again
Water in 16；Initial reading according to dial gauge 1 and stablize consolidation deformation and displacement that reading calculates unsaturated soil；
After C, unsaturated soil consolidation are finished, air compressor 12, valve 11 are closed, lay down the soil in the soil sample chamber of soil sample chamber 7
Sample 8, and the inwall of soil sample chamber 7 is cleaned with hairbrush, it is ensured that there is no attachment on the inwall of soil sample chamber 7, in case carrying out next experiment.
A kind of present invention native consolidation deformation amount preferred in above method thought range and draining measuring method, i.e., one
The measuring method of unsaturated soil consolidation deformation amount and displacement is planted, its measuring method is as follows：
A, soil sample 8 is positioned in the soil sample chamber of soil sample chamber 7, loading plate 6 is positioned over the upper end in the soil sample chamber of soil sample chamber 7
At accent, several counterweights 4 are uniformly placed on the upper surface of loading plate 6, loading plate 6 bears the load of all counterweights 4 and in soil
Moved towards lower end accent direction from upper end accent in sample chamber.The valve 11 of drainpipe 10 is closed, allows the dial gauge of dial gauge 1 to touch
First 15 with the upper surface of cushion cap 2, and adjust the dial gauge contact 15 of dial gauge 1 to cause the stable reading of dial gauge 1, read
The reading A1 of dial gauge 1；
B, the uniform counterweight 4 for placing required weight on loading plate 6, bear the load of all counterweights 4 on loading plate 6, hold
Support plate 6 declines the soil sample 8 in the soil sample chamber of gravity for transport to soil sample chamber 7, the consolidation deformation of soil sample 8, the height of loading plate 6, cushion cap 2
Decline also with the high level of synchronization of loading plate 6, the dial gauge contact 15 of dial gauge 1 is used to measure the slippage of cushion cap 2, dial gauge 1
Reading can go out the slippage of cushion cap 2 with quantitative response, the decline of cushion cap 2 can be drawn by the front and rear difference of reading of dial gauge 1
Amount, then according to the slippage of cushion cap 2, just can exactly calculate the consolidation deformation amount of soil sample in soil sample chamber.Start air pressure
Contracting machine 12, reads the atmospheric pressure value of air compressor 12, the pore water pressure of soil sample 8 according to detected by pore water pressure sensor 14
Size adjusts the atmospheric pressure value of air compressor 12 so that the pore water pressure force value of soil sample 8 detected by pore water pressure sensor 14
Stabilization reads the reading A2 of dial gauge 1 in suction value F1；The valve 11 of drainpipe 10 is opened, the reading of dial gauge 1 is observed, until
Untill stable reading, the reading A3 of dial gauge 1 is then again read off, and read water H in graduated cylinder 16；According to the reading of dial gauge 1
Number calculates the consolidation deformation situation and displacement of unsaturated soil, specific as follows：
Deformation of the unsaturated soil in whole consolidation process be：A3-A1；A3-A1 is consolidated for dial gauge 1 in soil sample 8
During height slippage (need to be converted into unit rice), then deflection of the unsaturated soil in whole consolidation process is (A3-
A1)*(0.15/2)2* π=0.005625 π * (A3-A1), unit m3, wherein 0.15 meter is the cylinder cavity diameter in soil sample chamber,
(A3-A1) it is converted into and measures unit in meters, if each scale division value of dial gauge 1 declines 0.01 millimeter of movement equivalent to soil sample,
(A3-A1) it is converted into meter Hou Wei (A3-A1) * 10 before calculating is substituted into-5, deflection of the unsaturated soil in whole consolidation process be
5.625π*(A3-A1)*10-8, unit m3。
In the case of stabilization suction value F1, the consolidation deformation situation of unsaturated soil is：A3-A2；A3-A2 is dial gauge 1 in soil
Height slippage (unit rice need to be converted into) in the case of the stable suction value F1 of sample 8 in consolidation process, then unsaturated soil is steady
It is (A3-A2) * (0.15/2) to determine the deflection in the case of suction value F1 in consolidation process2* π=0.005625 π * (A3-A2), single
Position m3, deformation calculating is identical in whole consolidation process with unsaturated soil for calculating in detail.The consolidation draining amount of unsaturated soil
It is H+H1, H1 is the moisture storage capacity of pottery clay plates 9 and the inner storing water amount summation of drainpipe 10, identical pottery clay plates 9 and drainpipe 10, and H1 is one
Determine, measurable definite value；Before measurement, moisture storage capacity and the inner storing water amount of drainpipe 10 to pottery clay plates 9 are respectively calculated, i.e.,
Can obtain H1 (moisture storage capacity of pottery clay plates 9 and the inner storing water amount summation of drainpipe 10).
After C, unsaturated soil consolidation are finished, air compressor 12, valve 11 are closed, lay down the soil in the soil sample chamber of soil sample chamber 7
Sample 8, and the inwall of soil sample chamber 7 is cleaned with hairbrush, it is ensured that there is no attachment on the inwall of soil sample chamber 7, in case carrying out next experiment.
Unsaturated soil consolidation deformation of the invention and draining measuring device pass through air compressor 12 and pore water pressure
The laying of sensor 14, realizes the measurement of Consolidation Deformation of Soil and displacement under certain suction operating mode, to soil solidifying characteristic
Research has great importance, and simple structure, is easy to carry, and processing cost is low, it is easy to the popularization and application in production and teaching.
Above-mentioned implementation method is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not for limiting implementation of the invention and power
Sharp scope, equivalence changes and approximate replacement that all contents according to described in the present patent application scope of patent protection are made all should
It is within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. measurement apparatus of a kind of unsaturated soil consolidation deformation amount and displacement, it is characterised in that：Including soil sample chamber（7）, draining
Pipe（10）, support（5）, dial gauge（1）, air compressor（12）And pore water pressure sensor（14）, the soil sample chamber（7）It is interior
Portion has soil sample chamber, and the soil sample chamber has upper end accent and lower end accent, the soil sample chamber（7）Bottom has closing soil sample chamber
The base plate of lower end accent, the upper end accent in the soil sample chamber passes through loading plate（6）Activity closing, the loading plate（6）Can be in soil
Oscilaltion campaign in sample chamber；The loading plate（6）Several counterweights are uniformly placed with upper surface（4）, the loading plate（6）
On be fixedly connected with cushion cap（2）, the soil sample chamber（7）Outside is provided with support（5）, the support（5）It is provided with and cushion cap（2）Phase
Corresponding dial gauge（1）, the dial gauge（1）Dial gauge contact（15）With cushion cap（2）Upper surface is corresponding；The soil sample chamber
（7）Outside is provided with air compressor（12）, the air compressor（12）Air entry pass through conduit（13）With soil sample chamber（7）'s
The closed connection in soil sample chamber, the soil sample chamber（7）Outside is provided with pore water pressure sensor（14）, the pore water pressure sensor
（14）Pressure probe be located at soil sample chamber（7）Soil sample chamber in；The soil sample chamber（7）Bottom base plate be provided with and be connected with soil sample chamber
Logical drainpipe（10）.
2. according to the unsaturated soil consolidation deformation amount and the measurement apparatus of displacement described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
Drainpipe（10）Effluent pipe mouth at connection be provided with graduated cylinder（16）.
3. according to the unsaturated soil consolidation deformation amount and the measurement apparatus of displacement described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that：
The soil sample chamber（7）Base plate be pottery clay plates（9）, the pottery clay plates（9）With equally distributed suction hole, the pottery clay plates
（9）The water inlet end and soil sample chamber of suction hole（7）The closed connection in soil sample chamber, the pottery clay plates（9）The water side of suction hole and row
Water pipe（10）The closed connection of water inlet pipe mouth.
4. according to the unsaturated soil consolidation deformation amount and the measurement apparatus of displacement described in claim 3, it is characterised in that：It is described
Cushion cap（2）With loading plate（6）Between pass through transmission rod（3）It is fixedly connected, the transmission rod（3）Upper end end and cushion cap（2）Bottom
Portion center is fixedly connected, the transmission rod（3）Lower end and loading plate（6）Upper surface center is fixedly connected, the dial gauge
（1）Dial gauge contact（15）With cushion cap（2）Upper surface center is corresponding.
5. according to the unsaturated soil consolidation deformation amount and the measurement apparatus of displacement described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
Loading plate（6）All counterweights that upper surface is placed（4）Weight all same, the counterweight（4）Weight be 25g or 50g or 100g
Or 200g or 400g or 800g.
6. according to the unsaturated soil consolidation deformation amount and the measurement apparatus of displacement described in claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
Drainpipe（10）It is provided with valve（11）；The support（5）Including montant and the cross bar being vertically connected at the top of montant, the branch
Frame（5）Montant bottom be fixedly connected on soil sample chamber（7）On the wall of side, one end end of the cross bar is towards loading plate（6）Center
Position, the dial gauge（1）It is arranged at the cross bar end end.
7. according to the unsaturated soil consolidation deformation amount and the measurement apparatus of displacement described in claim 3, it is characterised in that：It is described
Soil sample chamber（7）Soil sample chamber for diameter 15cm cylinder cavity；The pottery clay plates（9）It is cylindrical shape, pottery clay plates（9）'s
A diameter of 15cm, pottery clay plates（9）Thickness be 1.1cm；The loading plate（6）It is cylindrical shape, loading plate（6）It is a diameter of
15cm, loading plate（6）Thickness be 0.4cm；The drainpipe（10）It is the pipe of bore 0.3cm.
8. the measuring method of a kind of unsaturated soil consolidation deformation amount and displacement, it is characterised in that：Its measuring method is as follows：
A, by soil sample（8）It is positioned over soil sample chamber（7）Soil sample chamber in, close drainpipe（10）Valve（11）, allow dial gauge（1）
Dial gauge contact（15）With cushion cap（2）Upper surface, and adjust dial gauge（1）Dial gauge contact（15）To cause percentage
Table（1）Stable reading, record dial gauge（1）Reading；
B, startup air compressor（12）, read air compressor（12）Atmospheric pressure value, according to pore water pressure sensor（14）
Detected soil sample（8）Pore water pressure size adjusts air compressor（12）Atmospheric pressure value so that pore water pressure sensor
（14）Detected soil sample（8）Pore water pressure force value stabilization records dial gauge in required suction value（1）Reading；Open draining
Pipe（10）Valve（11）, observe dial gauge（1）Reading, until dial gauge（1）Untill stable reading, percentage is then recorded again
Table（1）Reading, and read graduated cylinder（16）Interior water；According to dial gauge（1）Initial reading and stablize reading calculate it is non-full
Consolidation deformation and displacement with soil；
After C, unsaturated soil consolidation are finished, air compressor is closed（12）, valve（11）, lay down soil sample chamber（7）In soil sample chamber
Soil sample（8）, and clean soil sample chamber with hairbrush（7）Inwall, it is ensured that soil sample chamber（7）There is no attachment on inwall, in case carrying out next time
Experiment.
9. according to the unsaturated soil consolidation deformation amount and the measuring method of displacement described in claim 8, it is characterised in that：It is surveyed
Amount method is as follows：
A, by soil sample（8）It is positioned over soil sample chamber（7）Soil sample chamber in, close drainpipe（10）Valve（11）, allow dial gauge（1）
Dial gauge contact（15）With cushion cap（2）Upper surface, and adjust dial gauge（1）Dial gauge contact（15）To cause percentage
Table（1）Stable reading, read dial gauge（1）Reading A1；
B, startup air compressor（12）, read air compressor（12）Atmospheric pressure value, according to pore water pressure sensor（14）
Detected soil sample（8）Pore water pressure size adjusts air compressor（12）Atmospheric pressure value so that pore water pressure sensor
（14）Detected soil sample（8）Pore water pressure force value stabilization reads dial gauge in suction value F1（1）Reading A2；Open draining
Pipe（10）Valve（11）, observe dial gauge（1）Reading, untill stable reading, then again reads off dial gauge（1）Reading
Number A3, and read graduated cylinder（16）Interior water H；According to dial gauge（1）Reading calculate unsaturated soil consolidation deformation situation and
Displacement, it is specific as follows：
Deformation of the unsaturated soil in whole consolidation process be：A3-A1；
In the case of stabilization suction value F1, the consolidation deformation situation of unsaturated soil is：A3-A2；The consolidation draining amount of unsaturated soil is H
+ H1, H1 are pottery clay plates（9）Moisture storage capacity and drainpipe（10）Inner storing water amount summation, identical pottery clay plates（9）With drainpipe（10）,
H1 is a determination, measurable definite value；
After C, unsaturated soil consolidation are finished, air compressor is closed（12）, valve（11）, lay down soil sample chamber（7）In soil sample chamber
Soil sample（8）, and clean soil sample chamber with hairbrush（7）Inwall, it is ensured that soil sample chamber（7）There is no attachment on inwall, in case carrying out next time
Experiment.
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| CN106767358B (en) | 2023-06-30 |
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