CN1296696C - Unsaturated soil solidifying and water characteristic curve combining tester and testing method - Google Patents
Unsaturated soil solidifying and water characteristic curve combining tester and testing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN1296696C CN1296696C CNB2005100382100A CN200510038210A CN1296696C CN 1296696 C CN1296696 C CN 1296696C CN B2005100382100 A CNB2005100382100 A CN B2005100382100A CN 200510038210 A CN200510038210 A CN 200510038210A CN 1296696 C CN1296696 C CN 1296696C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to an unsaturated soil solidification and water characteristic curve combining tester which is applied to the test and the research of mechanical characteristic parameters of unsaturated soil in the field of geotechnical engineering. The tester is a sealed pressure chamber; the unsaturated soil solidification and water characteristic curve combining tester has the testing method that the output of a booster pump is divided in three paths; the first path is communicated with a through hole connected with an outer duct and arranged on a base (15) of a sealed pressure container through a water pressure control valve (20) and a hole pressure sensor (19); the second path is communicated with a through hole connected with the outer duct and arranged on the cover (7) of the sealed pressure container through a second air pressure control valve (5); the third path is communicated with a first air pressure control valve (1); the first air pressure control valve is communicated with a through hole connected with a discharge measurement pipe (17), a pottery clay plate (15) at the bottom of the sealed pressure container and the outer duct; both ends of the discharge measurement pipe (17) are connected with pressure difference meters (16) in parallel.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is a kind of geotechnological testing tool, is mainly used in the unsaturated soil mechanics parameters testing research in Geotechnical Engineering field, belongs to the technical field that geotechnological testing tool is made.
Background technology
The unsaturated soil mechanics is a most active research branch in the current Geotechnical Engineering field, but because testing apparatus can not satisfy the needs of research, seriously restricted the development of unsaturated soil theory of mechanics, existing geotechnological testing apparatus is mainly used in the test of saturated soil, is not suitable for the situation of unsaturated soil.Therefore the testing apparatus that must otherwise designed be suitable for unsaturated soil.Existing unsaturated soil consolidometer and water characteristic curve analyzer are import basically, and homemade unsaturated soil consolidometer is can not control suction by what original saturated soil consolidometer was changed a social system, does not also have draining measurement mechanism etc. in addition; The water characteristic curve analyzer of import can only carry out the mensuration of dehumidification process, and moisture absorption process still can't be measured, and has the water characteristic curve of lotus state to measure, and this simultaneous determination instrument all has these functions.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters: the object of the invention provides a kind of unsaturated soil fixed and water characteristic curve combining determinator and assay method, and the fixed test that solves unsaturated soil can be used for the test of the water characteristic curve of unsaturated soil simultaneously again.
Technical scheme: the fixed and water characteristic curve combining determinator of unsaturated soil of the present invention is the pressure chamber of a sealing, its composition is: sealed pressure vessel covers on the sealed pressure vessel base by bolt, be provided with a centring ring in the cavity in the sealed pressure vessel base, be sample in the cavity in centring ring, be provided with the potter's clay plate in the bottom of sample, top at sample is provided with permeable stone, being provided with the pressure transmission cap on the top of permeable stone, is cutting ring in the periphery of permeable stone and pressure transmission cap; Being provided with bearing seat in the through hole of sealed pressure vessel tops, being provided with linear bearing on bearing seat, is rolling diaphragm in the bottom of bearing seat; The top of vertical pressure transmission axle and vertical deviation sensor join, and the top that linear bearing, bearing seat, rolling diaphragm, sealed pressure vessel lid are positioned at the pressure transmission cap is passed in the bottom; On sealed pressure vessel lid and sealed pressure vessel base, be respectively equipped with the through hole that is connected with external pipe.
Divide three the tunnel with the output of force (forcing) pump, the first via is connected by the through hole that is connected with external pipe on hydraulic control valve and hole pressure sensor and the sealed pressure vessel base, the second the tunnel covers the through hole that is connected with external pipe by second pneumatic control valve and sealed pressure vessel is connected, and Third Road is connected with first pneumatic control valve; The through hole that first pneumatic control valve and draining measuring tube and sealed pressure vessel bottom potter's clay plate are connected with external pipe is connected, at the two ends of draining measuring tube and be connected to differential pressure gauge.
Assay method is divided into fixed compression mensuration and the moisture content characteristic curve is measured two parts,
1) fixed compression is measured:
A. at first allow the potter's clay plate saturated in advance, the soil sample of preparation is placed in the airtight container and allows seal of vessel;
B. place the vertical deviation sensor, set initial value,
C. apply air pressure and hydraulic pressure by the suction control of setting, stablized 24～48 hours; Suction is the difference of air pressure and hydraulic pressure,
D. on request vertical pressure transmission axle is applied vertical load, surveys and read vertical deviation,
E. survey the water discharge of reading the draining measuring tube,
After vertical deviation is stable, increase vertical load step by step, repeat above steps d～e and circulate up to off-test, the arrangement test figure obtains the compressibility coefficient and the coefficient of consolidation;
2) the moisture content characteristic curve is measured:
F. at first allow the potter's clay plate saturated in advance, the soil sample of preparation is placed in the airtight container and allows seal of vessel;
G. according to specific requirement, determine fixing vertical payload values;
H. apply air pressure and hydraulic pressure by the initial suction value control of setting;
I. survey the water discharge of reading the draining measuring tube;
The sample that the indoor placement of sealing load is tested applies air pressure and hydraulic pressure respectively by force (forcing) pump, and the difference of air pressure and hydraulic pressure is a suction.Do not have water to discharge after the following some time of suction, after draining is stable, apply a suction increment again, step h～i circulates up to off-test, and disposal data obtains water characteristic curve.
Above-mentioned f～I step records the water characteristic curve that water characteristic curve is a dehumidification, and water characteristic curve also has sucting wet curve.The hygroscopic moisture characteristic curve is measured and is measured similar with the dehumidification water characteristic curve.When measuring the hygroscopic moisture characteristic curve, the soil sample in f step is not saturated sample but dry soil samples, suction control is by greatly progressively reducing, survey the water yield of reading the draining measuring tube and reduce value (i step) under every grade of suction, this water yield reduces to be worth the moisture that is absorbed by soil sample, after the soil sample suction is stable, reduce suction (negative increment) again, step h～i circulates up to off-test, and disposal data obtains the hygroscopic moisture characteristic curve.
Beneficial effect: can realize controlling compressibility coefficient, the coefficient of consolidation and the moisture content characteristic curve of measuring unsaturated soil under the suction mode by this instrument and equipment, thereby the mechanical characteristic of research unsaturated soil carries out correlation engineering (comprising base pit engineering, slope project etc.) design and scientific research.
Theoretical research for the unsaturated soil mechanics, owing to there is not corresponding testing equipment (comprising unsaturated soil compression concretion instrument and water characteristic curve analyzer), restricted the research of unsaturated soil constitutive model, also just the unsaturated soil theory of mechanics further can't have been improved and is applied in practical project design and the engineering practice.The invention of this instrument will help the development of unsaturated soil theory of mechanics and engineering to use.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the fixed and water characteristic curve combining analyzer structural representation of unsaturated soil.Wherein have: first pneumatic control valve 1, vertical deviation sensor 2, vertical pressure transmission axle 3, linear bearing 4, second pneumatic control valve 5, bearing seat 6, sealed pressure vessel lid 7, bolt 8, rolling diaphragm 9, cutting ring 10, centring ring 11, pressure transmission cap 12, permeable stone 13, sample 14, sealed pressure vessel base 15, differential pressure gauge 16, draining measuring tube 17, potter's clay plate 18, hole pressure sensor 19, hydraulic control valve 20, force (forcing) pump 21.
Embodiment
Unsaturated soil consolidometer and water characteristic curve combining analyzer are made up of pressure chamber, suction control device, draining measurement mechanism, vertical loading device, the consolidation deformation measurement of unsaturation soil sample and the pressue device of sealing.
1, Mi Feng pressure chamber:
Enclose and bolt seals the soil sample that the indoor placement of sealing load is tested by sealed pressure vessel base, sealed pressure vessel lid and with " O ".Its composition is: sealed pressure vessel lid 7 covers on sealed pressure vessel base 15 fixing by bolt 8, be provided with a centring ring 11 in the cavity in sealed pressure vessel base 15, it in the cavity in centring ring 11 sample 14, be provided with potter's clay plate 18 in the bottom of sample 14, be provided with permeable stone 13 on the top of sample 14, being provided with pressure transmission cap 12 on the top of permeable stone 13, is cutting ring 10 in the periphery of permeable stone 13 and pressure transmission cap 12; Being provided with bearing seat 6 in sealed pressure vessel covers the through hole at 7 tops, being provided with linear bearing 4 on bearing seat 6, is rolling diaphragm 9 in the bottom of bearing seat 6; The top of vertical pressure transmission axle 3 and vertical deviation sensor 2 join, and the top that linear bearing 4, bearing seat 6, rolling diaphragm 9, sealed pressure vessel lid 7 are positioned at pressure transmission cap 12 is passed in the bottom: be respectively equipped with the through hole that is connected with external pipe on sealed pressure vessel lid 7 and sealed pressure vessel base 15.
2, suction control device:
Hole air pressure (pneumatic control valve 2) and pore water pressure realize by controlling respectively for suction control, and Pneumatic pipe cleaner is crossed permeable stone and put on soil sample, and pore water pressure applies by the potter's clay plate.Divide three the tunnel with the output of force (forcing) pump 21, the first via is connected by the through hole that is connected with external pipe on hydraulic control valve 20 and hole pressure sensor 19 and the sealed pressure vessel base 15, the second the tunnel covers the through hole that is connected with external pipe on 7 by second pneumatic control valve 5 and sealed pressure vessel is connected, and Third Road is connected with first pneumatic control valve 1; The through hole that first pneumatic control valve 1 and draining measuring tube 17 and sealed pressure vessel bottom potter's clay plate 15 are connected with external pipe is connected, at the two ends of draining measuring tube 17 and be connected to differential pressure gauge 16.
3, draining is measured:
Draining is discharged in the draining measuring tube by the potter's clay plate of soil sample bottom, for preventing water evaporation or the vaporization in the drainpipe, regulates and control by pneumatic control valve 1 and differential pressure gauge.Measure the draining situation in fixed and the water characteristic curve mensuration process, when simultaneously the water characteristic curve of moisture absorption process being measured, can measure the measurement of soil sample water absorbing capacity again.
4, vertical loading device:
Apply lateral pressure and by the pressure transmission cap soil sample is exerted pressure, the pressure size is controlled step by step.
5, unsaturation soil sample consolidation deformation is measured:
By measuring the distortion of soil sample under the different lateral pressure effects, analyze the fixed situation of unsaturated soil.
6, pressue device:
Apply hole air pressure and pore water pressure respectively by force (forcing) pump, adopt air compressor machine to realize usually.
Concrete assay method is divided into fixed compression mensuration and the moisture content characteristic curve is measured two parts:
1) fixed compression is measured:
A. at first allow potter's clay plate 18 saturated in advance, the soil sample of preparation is placed in the airtight container, and allows seal of vessel;
B. place vertical deviation sensor 2, set initial value,
C. apply air pressure and hydraulic pressure by the suction control of setting, stablized 24～48 hours; Suction is the difference of air pressure and hydraulic pressure,
D. on request vertical pressure transmission axle 3 is applied vertical load, surveys and read vertical deviation,
E. survey the water discharge of reading draining measuring tube 17,
After vertical deviation is stable, increase vertical load step by step, repeat above steps d～e and circulate up to off-test, the arrangement test figure obtains the compressibility coefficient and the coefficient of consolidation;
2) the moisture content characteristic curve is measured:
F. at first allow potter's clay plate 18 saturated in advance, the soil sample of preparation is placed in the airtight container, and allows seal of vessel;
G. according to specific requirement, determine fixing vertical payload values;
H. apply air pressure and hydraulic pressure by the initial suction value control of setting;
I. survey the water discharge of reading draining measuring tube 17;
The sample 14 that the indoor placement of sealing load is tested applies air pressure and hydraulic pressure respectively by force (forcing) pump 21, and the difference of air pressure and hydraulic pressure is a suction.Do not have water to discharge after the following some time of suction, after draining is stable, apply a suction increment again, step h～i circulates up to off-test, and disposal data obtains water characteristic curve.Above-mentioned f～I step records the water characteristic curve that water characteristic curve is a dehumidification, and water characteristic curve also has sucting wet curve.The hygroscopic moisture characteristic curve is measured and is measured similar with the dehumidification water characteristic curve.When measuring the hygroscopic moisture characteristic curve, the soil sample in f step is not saturated sample but dry soil samples, suction control is by greatly progressively reducing, survey the water yield of reading the draining measuring tube and reduce value (i step) under every grade of suction, this water yield reduces to be worth the moisture that is absorbed by soil sample, after the soil sample suction is stable, reduce suction (negative increment) again, step h～i circulates up to off-test, and disposal data obtains the hygroscopic moisture characteristic curve.
Claims (2)
1, the fixed and water characteristic curve combining determinator of a kind of unsaturated soil is characterized in that this mensuration dress
Be changed to the pressure chamber of a sealing, its composition is: sealed pressure vessel lid (7) covers to be gone up by bolt (8) fixing at sealed pressure vessel base (15), be provided with a centring ring (11) in the cavity in sealed pressure vessel base (15), in the cavity in centring ring (11) sample (14), be provided with potter's clay plate (18) in the bottom of sample (14), be provided with permeable stone (13) on the top of sample (14), being provided with pressure transmission cap (12) on the top of permeable stone (13), is cutting ring (10) in the periphery of permeable stone (13) and pressure transmission cap (12); Being provided with bearing seat (6) in the through hole at sealed pressure vessel lid (7) top, being provided with linear bearing (4) on bearing seat (6), is rolling diaphragm (9) in the bottom of bearing seat (6); The top of vertical pressure transmission axle (3) and vertical deviation sensor (2) join, and the top that linear bearing (4), bearing seat (6), rolling diaphragm (9), sealed pressure vessel lid (7) are positioned at pressure transmission cap (12) is passed in the bottom; On sealed pressure vessel lid (7) and sealed pressure vessel base (15), be respectively equipped with the through hole that is connected with external pipe, divide three the tunnel with the output of force (forcing) pump (21), the first via goes up the through hole that is connected with external pipe by hydraulic control valve (20) with hole pressure sensor (19) and sealed pressure vessel base (15) and is connected, the second the tunnel goes up the through hole that is connected with external pipe by second pneumatic control valve (5) and sealed pressure vessel lid (7) is connected, and Third Road is connected with first pneumatic control valve (1); The through hole that first pneumatic control valve (1) and draining measuring tube (17) and sealed pressure vessel bottom potter's clay plate (18) are connected with external pipe is connected, at the two ends of draining measuring tube (17) and be connected to differential pressure gauge (16).
2, the assay method of the fixed and water characteristic curve combining determinator of unsaturated soil according to claim 1 is characterized in that assay method is divided into fixed compression mensuration and the moisture content characteristic curve is measured two parts,
1) fixed compression is measured:
A. at first allow potter's clay plate (18) saturated in advance, the soil sample of preparation is placed in the airtight container, and allows seal of vessel;
B. place vertical deviation sensor (2), set initial value,
C. apply air pressure and hydraulic pressure by the suction control of setting, stablized 24～48 hours; Suction is the difference of air pressure and hydraulic pressure,
D. on request vertical pressure transmission axle (3) is applied vertical load, surveys and read vertical deviation,
E. survey and read the water discharge of draining measuring tube (17),
After vertical deviation is stable, increase vertical load step by step, repeat above steps d～e and circulate up to off-test, the arrangement test figure obtains the compressibility coefficient and the coefficient of consolidation;
2) the moisture content characteristic curve is measured:
F. at first allow potter's clay plate (18) saturated in advance, with preparation fully saturated soil sample be placed in the airtight container, and allow seal of vessel;
G. according to specific requirement, determine fixing vertical payload values;
H. apply air pressure and hydraulic pressure by the initial suction value control of setting;
I. survey and read the water discharge of draining measuring tube (17);
The sample (14) that the indoor placement of sealing load is tested, apply air pressure and hydraulic pressure respectively by force (forcing) pump (21), the difference of air pressure and hydraulic pressure is a suction, after the following some time of suction, there is not water to discharge, after draining is stable, apply a suction increment again, step h～i circulates up to off-test, disposal data obtains water characteristic curve.
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| CNB2005100382100A CN1296696C (en) | 2005-01-24 | 2005-01-24 | Unsaturated soil solidifying and water characteristic curve combining tester and testing method |
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