CN102944476B - Method for triaxial compression test in soil body water saturation-drainage cycle and device - Google Patents
Method for triaxial compression test in soil body water saturation-drainage cycle and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN102944476B CN102944476B CN201210513361.7A CN201210513361A CN102944476B CN 102944476 B CN102944476 B CN 102944476B CN 201210513361 A CN201210513361 A CN 201210513361A CN 102944476 B CN102944476 B CN 102944476B
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Abstract
The invention aims at providing a method for realizing a water saturation and drainage cycle process in a soil body triaxial compression test and a device for realizing the method. The method comprises the following steps of: 1) preparing a test sample required for the triaxial compression test; 2) saturating the test sample in the step 1); 3) draining; 4) saturating water; 5) repeating the steps 3) and 4) for a plurality of times; and 6) performing a CD test, a CU test or a UU test. The device mainly comprises a pressure chamber, an axial loading system, a confining pressure application system, and a pipeline system connected with a base of the pressure chamber. In the drainage step, gas with pressure is applied to the top end of the test sample through a gas pressure control and regulation system, so that gravitational water in the test sample is drained from a pipeline connected with the base; and in the water saturation step, gas-free water with pressure is applied to the bottom end of the test sample from the base, and gas inside the test sample is drained through the gas pressure control and regulation system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to soil strength deformation characteristic field tests, specifically simulate the soil body triaxial compression test through the circulation of satiety water-drainage.
Background technology
After large reservoir (as Three Gorges Reservoir) impounding and operation, reservoir level is periodic rising, decline variation with reservoir operation, and the luffing of reservoir level is very large.For example Three Gorges Reservoir, by its operation plan, after normal retaining, before dam, reservoir level changes every year between 175m-145m, and the maximum luffing of reservoir level reaches 30m.Periodicity at reservoir level rises, declines in variation, and storehouse bank underground water table and barrage earth and rockfill dam saturation are also periodic rising, declining changes.The periodicity of reservoir level and underground water table rises, declining changes, and must make the storehouse bank soil body in its variation range and barrage earth and rockfill dam soil body water-drainage ringing that stands periodically to satisfy.Under full water-drainage ringing, the characteristic such as intensity, distortion of the soil body may change, for can the scientific evaluation storehouse bank soil body and intensity, the deformation characteristic of the barrage earth and rockfill dam soil body under periodically full water-drainage ringing, need to study the test method of soil body intensity, deformation characteristic under full water-drainage ringing.
For the reservoir of first filling, with raising gradually of reservoir level, underground water table is also raised gradually, the storehouse bank soil body and the barrage earth and rockfill dam soil body in reservoir level and WATER LEVEL CHANGES amplitude range change state of saturation into gradually by original unsaturated state or even drying regime, and this process is called " humidifying " effect.Under " humidifying " effect, the characteristic such as intensity, distortion of the soil body may have significant change.The test method that forefathers have acted on " humidifying " etc. is studied, and the present invention does not relate to " humidifying " problem.
For the large reservoir of tentative impounding and operation and normal impounding and operation: in the time that reservoir level changes to low-water level gradually from high water stage, underground water table also declines and changes gradually thereupon, water body in the storehouse bank soil body and the barrage earth and rockfill dam soil body in reservoir level and WATER LEVEL CHANGES amplitude will be discharged gradually under Action of Gravity Field, this process is called gravity drainage or the gravity drainage process of underground water, and the present invention is referred to as " drainage "; In the time that reservoir level changes to high water stage gradually from low-water level, underground water table also rises and changes gradually thereupon, the storehouse bank soil body in reservoir level and WATER LEVEL CHANGES amplitude and the barrage earth and rockfill dam soil body gradually become state of saturation because of the infiltration of water, this process is called reservoir level and rises and cause that the full water process of storehouse bank and the dam soil body, the present invention are referred to as " full water ".
What deserves to be explained is, " full water " is all to make the soil body change state of saturation into by unsaturated state with aforementioned " humidifying ", but both are different." full water " is after Drawdown of Reservoir Water Level, again to make in uphill process the soil body become the process of state of saturation from unsaturated state.Before " full water " occurs, although the soil body has been discharged in unsaturated state because of gravity water, in the soil body, still there is a large amount of capillary waters, in conjunction with water etc., water percentage is conventionally higher.Before " humidifying " occurs, the soil body does not experience because of reservoir level and the underground water table process being changed to state of saturation by unsaturated state causing that rises, and the soil body is conventionally in even drying regime of partial desiccation state, and water percentage is conventionally lower.
Lasting of the reservoir level uphill process of large reservoir, decline process is often all longer, from tens of days to several moons not etc., this makes " full water ", " drainage " process of the storehouse bank soil body and the dam soil body last also longer.Under shop experiment condition, intensity, the deformation characteristic of the research soil body under full water-drainage cycling condition, need full water-drainage cycling condition of simulated reservoir bank and dam soil body experience as far as possible truly, but in order to save test period, test last and can not be very long.For can be under shop experiment condition, study intensity, the deformation characteristic of the soil body under full water-drainage cycling condition, need to study corresponding test method and pilot system.
On the other hand, traditional triaxial compression test method can be divided into three kinds, i.e. consolidation draining scissor test (CD test), fixed not Drainage Shear test (CU test) and not fixed not Drainage Shear test (UU test) three kinds, but do not relate to the cyclic process of full water-drainage.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of method that realizes full water-drainage cyclic process in soil body triaxial compression test.
Be such for realizing the technical scheme that the object of the invention adopts, a kind of soil body water-drainage circulation triaxial compression test method of satisfying, comprises the following steps:
1) prepare the needed sample of triaxial compression test;
2) make the sample in step 1) saturated;
3) drainage: sample is applied to confined pressure, apply the gas with pressure to the top of sample, the air pressure of described gas is not more than confined pressure; Described gas is from the top of sample slowly to the bottom infiltration of sample, and the gravity water of sample inside permeates from top to bottom and discharges from sample bottom under the promotion of gas; In the process of this step, only air inlet, the not exhaust of sample top, do not intake, not draining, the only draining of sample bottom, do not intake, not air inlet, not exhaust;
4) full water: keep putting on that to process the confined pressure of sample in step 3) constant, apply the air free water with pressure to the bottom of sample, the pressure of described air free water is not more than confined pressure; Described air free water slowly permeates to the top of sample from the bottom of sample, and the gas of sample inside permeates from bottom to top and discharges from sample top under the promotion of air free water; In the process of this step, the only exhaust of sample top, do not intake, not draining, not air inlet, sample bottom only intakes, not draining, not air inlet, not exhaust;
5) repeating step 3), 4) several times;
6) carry out CD test, CU test or UU test.
What deserves to be explained is, full water-drainage circulation triaxial compression test method that the present invention proposes still belongs to triaxial compression test method category.Its CD test, CU test test method used with UU or device can be identical with traditional triaxial compression test.Just, on traditional triaxial compression test basis, simulate the process of soil body sample full water-drainage circulation, and obtained the mechanical performance data of the soil body sample after the circulation of full water-drainage.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the full water-drainage circulation triaxial compression test device of a kind of soil body, utilizes this device can in triaxial compression test, simulate the circulation of the soil body full water-drainage.
, a kind of soil body water-drainage circulation triaxial compression test device of satisfying, mainly comprises pressure chamber, axially loading system and apply confined pressure system, and the piping system being connected with the base of pressure chamber.When use, the base of described pressure chamber is carrying the sample that has wrapped up rubber case, and sample cap has been installed on the top of described sample.Described sample cap is communicated with atmospheric pressure controlling and regulating system.In drainage step, apply the gas with pressure to the top of sample by described atmospheric pressure controlling and regulating system, the gravity water of sample inside is discharged from the pipeline being connected with base.In full water step, the bottom from base to sample applies the air free water with pressure, and the gas of sample inside is discharged by described atmospheric pressure controlling and regulating system.
What deserves to be explained is equally, triaxial compression test device disclosed in this invention, has all basic structures of traditional triaxial compression test system, can be connected with computer control and data acquisition system (DAS).Technical matters to be solved by this invention is the full water-drainage cyclic process of simulation.In order to realize drainage, technical scheme disclosed in this invention has increased the device that passes into gas at sample top, its objective is and makes saturated or full water sample pass through bottom discharge under the pressure-driven effect of gas.Correspondingly, air free water is poured in the sample bottom after drainage, simultaneously from the exhaust of sample top, has realized full water.
Brief description of the drawings
The indefiniteness embodiment that device of the present invention can provide by accompanying drawing further illustrates.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of device of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of pressure chamber's part in device of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the cut-open view of base portion;
Fig. 4 is the vertical view of base portion.
In figure: the axial loading system of 1-, 2-sample, 3-base, 4-pressure chamber, 5-sample cap, 6-rubber case, 8-pottery clay plates bottom side atmospheric pressure regulating system, 9-confined pressure controlling and regulating system, 10-pore water pressure controlling and regulating system, the permeable controlling and regulating system of 11-, 12-atmospheric pressure controlling and regulating system, 13-waterflood system, 16-pottery clay plates, 17-permeable stone, 18-isolation strip.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described, only limits to following embodiment but should not be construed the above-mentioned subject area of the present invention.Without departing from the idea case in the present invention described above, according to ordinary skill knowledge and customary means, make various replacements and change, all should be included in the scope of the present invention.
A kind of full water-drainage circulation triaxial compression test method of soil body, comprises the following steps:
1) prepare the needed sample of triaxial compression test;
2) make the sample in step 1) saturated;
3) drainage: sample is applied to confined pressure, apply the gas with pressure to the top of sample, the air pressure of described gas is not more than confined pressure; Described gas is from the top of sample slowly to the bottom infiltration of sample, and the gravity water of sample inside permeates from top to bottom and discharges from sample bottom under the promotion of gas; In the process of this step, only air inlet, the not exhaust of sample top, do not intake, not draining, the only draining of sample bottom, do not intake, not air inlet, not exhaust;
4) full water: keep putting on that to process the confined pressure of sample in step 3) constant, apply the air free water with pressure to the bottom of sample, the pressure of described air free water is not more than confined pressure; Described air free water slowly permeates to the top of sample from the bottom of sample, and the gas of sample inside permeates from bottom to top and discharges from sample top under the promotion of air free water; In the process of this step, the only exhaust of sample top, do not intake, not draining, not air inlet, sample bottom only intakes, not draining, not air inlet, not exhaust;
5) repeating step 3), 4) several times;
6) carry out CD test, CU test or UU test.
In embodiments of the invention, disclose a kind ofly for realizing the full water-drainage circulation triaxial compression test device of the soil body of said method, mainly comprise pressure chamber 4, axially loading system 1 and apply confined pressure system, and the piping system being connected with the base 3 of pressure chamber 4.When use, the base 3 of described pressure chamber 4 is carrying the sample 2 that has wrapped up rubber case 6, and sample cap 5 has been installed on the top of described sample 2, it is characterized in that: described sample cap 5 is communicated with atmospheric pressure controlling and regulating system 12.In drainage step, apply the gas with pressure to the top of sample 2 by described atmospheric pressure controlling and regulating system 12, the gravity water of sample 2 inside is discharged from the pipeline being connected with base 3.In full water step, apply the air free water with pressure from base 3 to the bottom of sample 2, the gas of sample 2 inside is discharged by described atmospheric pressure controlling and regulating system 12.
Further, the described piping system being connected with base 3 comprises pottery clay plates bottom side atmospheric pressure regulating system 8, pore water pressure controlling and regulating system 10 and permeable controlling and regulating system 11, described pottery clay plates bottom side atmospheric pressure regulating system 8 and the outlet of pore water pressure controlling and regulating system 10 above base 3 have covered pottery clay plates 16, and the outlet of described permeable controlling and regulating system 11 above base 3 covered permeable stone 17.
The present embodiment discloses the method for operating of sample 2 drainage processes in detail: open the air intake valve of atmospheric pressure controlling and regulating system 12, pass into pressed gas by the sample cap 5 being connected with atmospheric pressure controlling and regulating system 12 to the top of sample 2.Meanwhile, open the water discharging valve of pore water pressure controlling and regulating system 10, make gravity water infiltration from top to bottom under the promotion of described pressed gas of sample inside, and penetrate disc pottery clay plates 16, finally from the water discharging valve of described pore water pressure controlling and regulating system 10, discharge.In order to accelerate drainage process, can, in opening the water discharging valve of pore water pressure controlling and regulating system 10, open the water discharging valve of permeable controlling and regulating system 11.At this moment, the gravity water of sample inside through annular permeable stone 17, is finally discharged from the water discharging valve of permeable controlling and regulating system 11 under the promotion of pressed gas.But the water discharging valve of permeable controlling and regulating system 11 need be closed before drainage process completes, and closes prior to the water discharging valve of pore water pressure controlling and regulating system 10.Referring to Fig. 4, the disclosed pottery clay plates 16 of embodiment is discoid, and described permeable stone 17 is the annulus around pottery clay plates 16.Pottery clay plates 16 only can see through water, and it is gentle that permeable stone 17 can see through water.It should be noted that, once find that in drainage process the water discharging valve of permeable controlling and regulating system 11 is in exhaust, will at once close this valve, because pottery clay plates 16 is airtight, moisture in sample 2 can be discharged the pipeline valve below pottery clay plates 16 under air pressure drives, and reaches good drainage effect.Otherwise, if do not close the water discharging valve of permeable controlling and regulating system 11, this valve meeting one direct exhaust, moisture does not but go out because not having enough driving forces to remain in the interior row of sample 2.In whole drainage process, the gaseous tension that puts on sample 2 tops is not more than the confined pressure that puts on sample 2.
The present embodiment also discloses the method for operating of sample 2 full water processes in detail: after drainage completes, open the inlet valve of pore water pressure controlling and regulating system 10 and the inlet valve of permeable controlling and regulating system 11 simultaneously, pass into the air free water with pressure by the pottery clay plates 16 being connected with pore water pressure controlling and regulating system 10 to the bottom of sample 2 with the permeable stone 17 being connected with permeable controlling and regulating system 11.Afterwards, described air free water permeates to the top of sample from the bottom of sample.Meanwhile, open the drain tap of atmospheric pressure controlling and regulating system 12, the gas that makes sample inside is infiltration from bottom to top under the promotion of air free water with pressure, and finally from the drain tap of the atmospheric pressure controlling and regulating system 12 that is connected with sample cap 5, discharges.In whole full water process, the hydraulic pressure that puts on sample bottom is not more than the confined pressure that puts on sample.
In embodiments of the invention, described in apply confined pressure system and can adopt existing device, confined pressure should be surveyed.Common confined pressure system mainly comprises the automatic water filling system 13 being communicated with 4 tops, pressure chamber, and the confined pressure controlling and regulating system 9 being communicated with 4 bottoms, pressure chamber.What deserves to be explained is, automatic water filling system 13 does not all contact with sample 2 with confined pressure controlling and regulating system 9.
Further, between described pottery clay plates 16 and permeable stone 17, there is both waterproof also air-locked isolation strip 18.
Claims (6)
1. the full water-drainage circulation triaxial compression test method of the soil body, is characterized in that:
The test unit of using, mainly comprises pressure chamber (4), axial loading system (1) and applies confined pressure system, and the piping system being connected with the base (3) of pressure chamber (4); When use, the base (3) of described pressure chamber (4) is carrying the sample (2) that has wrapped up rubber case (6), sample cap (5) has been installed on the top of described sample (2), it is characterized in that: described sample cap (5) is communicated with atmospheric pressure controlling and regulating system (12); In drainage step, apply the gas with pressure by described atmospheric pressure controlling and regulating system (12) to the top of sample (2), the inner gravity water of sample (2) is discharged from the pipeline being connected with base (3); In full water step, apply the air free water with pressure from base (3) to the bottom of sample (2), the inner gas of sample (2) is discharged by described atmospheric pressure controlling and regulating system (12);
Test method comprises the following steps:
1) prepare the needed sample of triaxial compression test;
2) make the sample in step 1) saturated;
3) drainage: sample is applied to confined pressure, apply the gas with pressure to the top of sample, the air pressure of described gas is not more than confined pressure; Described gas is from the top of sample slowly to the bottom infiltration of sample, and the gravity water of sample inside permeates from top to bottom and discharges from sample bottom under the promotion of gas; In the process of this step, only air inlet, the not exhaust of sample top, do not intake, not draining, the only draining of sample bottom, do not intake, not air inlet, not exhaust;
4) full water: keep putting on that to process the confined pressure of sample in step 3) constant, apply the air free water with pressure to the bottom of sample, the pressure of described air free water is not more than confined pressure; Described air free water slowly permeates to the top of sample from the bottom of sample, and the gas of sample inside permeates from bottom to top and discharges from sample top under the promotion of air free water; In the process of this step, the only exhaust of sample top, do not intake, not draining, not air inlet, sample bottom only intakes, not draining, not air inlet, not exhaust;
5) repeating step 3), 4) several times;
6) carry out CD test, CU test or UU test.
2. the full water-drainage circulation triaxial compression test device of the soil body, mainly comprises pressure chamber (4), axial loading system (1) and applies confined pressure system, and the piping system being connected with the base (3) of pressure chamber (4); When use, the base (3) of described pressure chamber (4) is carrying the sample (2) that has wrapped up rubber case (6), sample cap (5) has been installed on the top of described sample (2), it is characterized in that: described sample cap (5) is communicated with atmospheric pressure controlling and regulating system (12); In drainage step, apply the gas with pressure by described atmospheric pressure controlling and regulating system (12) to the top of sample (2), the inner gravity water of sample (2) is discharged from the pipeline being connected with base (3); In full water step, apply the air free water with pressure from base (3) to the bottom of sample (2), the inner gas of sample (2) is discharged by described atmospheric pressure controlling and regulating system (12).
3. the full water-drainage circulation triaxial compression test device of the soil body according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the described piping system being connected with base (3) comprises pottery clay plates bottom side atmospheric pressure regulating system (8), pore water pressure controlling and regulating system (10) and permeable controlling and regulating system (11), described atmospheric pressure regulating system (8) and pore water pressure controlling and regulating system (10) have covered pottery clay plates (16) in the outlet of base (3) top, and described permeable controlling and regulating system (11) has covered permeable stone (17) in the outlet of base (3) top.
4. the full water-drainage circulation triaxial compression test device of the soil body according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described in apply confined pressure system and comprise the automatic water filling system (13) being communicated with top, pressure chamber (4), and the confined pressure controlling and regulating system (9) being communicated with pressure chamber (4) bottom.
5. the full water-drainage circulation triaxial compression test device of the soil body according to claim 3, is characterized in that: described pottery clay plates (16) is for discoid, and described permeable stone (17) is the annulus around pottery clay plates (16).
6. the full water-drainage circulation triaxial compression test device of the soil body according to claim 3, is characterized in that: between described pottery clay plates (16) and permeable stone (17), have both waterproof also air-locked isolation strip (18).
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| CN110018099A (en) * | 2019-04-10 | 2019-07-16 | 三峡大学 | A kind of soft rock saturation experimental rig and test method |
| CN110987635B (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2021-11-30 | 河海大学 | Test device of soil core wall water conservancy splitting |
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