CN111811962A - Unsaturated coarse-grained soil and water characteristic curve combined bending element measuring device - Google Patents
Unsaturated coarse-grained soil and water characteristic curve combined bending element measuring device Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 85
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002572 peristaltic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/0806—Details, e.g. sample holders, mounting samples for testing
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
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- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device for measuring unsaturated coarse-grained soil water characteristic curve combined with a bent element, which can be used for combined measurement of unsaturated coarse-grained soil water characteristic curve and maximum shear (elasticity) modulus in geotechnical engineering and can also be used for research of unsaturated coarse-grained soil maximum shear (elasticity) modulus under different initial stress and matrix suction. The instrument comprises a pressure chamber, an axial displacement sensor, an axial pressure control system, a confining pressure control system, an air pressure control system, a water pressure control system, a high-air-intake-value argil plate, an argil plate saturation accessory and a piezoelectric ceramic bending element embedded in the middle points of a top cap and the argil plate. The instrument can realize different (isotropic and anisotropic) initial stress states by applying axial pressure and confining pressure through air pressure; the instrument can accurately control the matrix suction force in a sample through a high-air-intake-value argil plate, an air pressure control system and a water pressure control system, thereby realizing the measurement of a soil-water characteristic curve; the instrument measures the shear wave velocity or the elastic wave velocity through the piezoelectric ceramic bending element, thereby realizing the measurement of the maximum shear modulus or the elastic modulus of unsaturated coarse-grained soil under the controllable substrate suction state.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device for measuring a characteristic curve of unsaturated coarse-grained soil and water in a combined bending element manner, which is a geotechnical test device, belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering measuring instrument manufacturing, and is suitable for combined measurement of the characteristic curve of unsaturated coarse-grained soil and water and the maximum shear (elasticity) modulus, in particular to measurement of the maximum shear (elasticity) modulus of unsaturated coarse-grained soil filler under different initial stress and matrix suction.
Background
Geotechnical test is a main means for obtaining physical and mechanical parameters of soil mass, and national standard of the people's republic of China, namely geotechnical test method standard (GB/T50123-1999), is an instructive specification about geotechnical test in the fields of investigation and design in China. In the specification, a water and soil characteristic curve of unsaturated soil, particularly unsaturated coarse-grained soil, and a measurement method of related physical and mechanical parameters are not specified.
Unsaturated coarse-grained soil is widely present in roadbed fillers, road base layers, earth and rockfill dam fillers, foundations and slopes, and soil-water characteristic curves and maximum shear (elasticity) modulus of the unsaturated coarse-grained soil are important parameters for relevant design or research. In the past, unsaturated coarse-grained soil and water characteristic curves are obtained mainly based on large-scale triaxial equipment, but the large-scale triaxial equipment is expensive in manufacturing cost and complicated to operate, and the maximum shear (elasticity) modulus of a soil body cannot be measured; the problem that the sample size is not enough and a matrix suction control system needs to be upgraded is often caused by measuring the maximum shear (elasticity) modulus of unsaturated coarse-grained soil through a resonance column, and the application is not wide.
The piezoelectric ceramic bending element is widely applied to the measurement and research of the maximum shear (elasticity) modulus of a soil body at present, and has the advantages of no damage, accuracy, simplicity in operation, capability of being used together with other equipment and the like. However, at present, many conventional triaxial devices are jointly applied, unsaturated coarse-grained soil tests under controllable substrate suction cannot be performed, and in order to more simply, conveniently and effectively perform joint determination of unsaturated coarse-grained soil-water characteristic curves and maximum shear (elastic) modulus, a soil-water characteristic curve joint bending element measuring device which is suitable for large-particle-size coarse-grained soil and is relatively economical is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a water characteristic curve combined bending element measuring device which can control initial stress and matrix suction and is suitable for large-particle-size unsaturated coarse-grained soil samples.
Therefore, the unsaturated coarse-grained soil-water characteristic curve joint bending element measuring device provided by the invention comprises a metal bottom plate and a metal top plate, wherein the metal bottom plate and the metal top plate are supported and connected by adopting a vertical rigid screw rod, a metal base is arranged on the upper surface of the metal bottom plate, a round groove and 4 through screw holes are arranged on the bottom surface of the metal base, the metal base is fixedly connected to the metal bottom plate by adopting a vertical bolt, a placing groove with an upward opening is arranged at the upper part of the metal base, a high-air-inlet argil plate is embedded in the placing groove, the high-air-inlet argil plate is fixedly arranged on the top surface of the metal base, a piezoelectric ceramic bending element is arranged in the middle of the top surface of the high-air-inlet argil plate, a cable of the piezoelectric ceramic bending element is externally connected with a bending element data acquisition system, and a rigid transparent pressure cover is, the rigid transparent pressure cover is cylindrical, the top surface of the rigid transparent pressure cover is closed, the bottom surface of the rigid transparent pressure cover is opened, and the metal base is provided with an air inlet hole, a water inlet hole and a cable hole and is connected with an external air pressure control system through the air inlet hole; vertical rigid connecting rod of installation and dynamic seal cooperation in the vertical rigid connecting rod through-hole, vertical rigid connecting rod lower part and hood rigid connection, upper portion and axle power control system rigid connection, axle power control system places on the metal roof to be connected with the air compressor machine, the hood sets up fourth cable hole and third air vent, and the third air vent is connected with first air vent, and the crooked unit of hood bottom surface mid-mounting piezoceramics, the crooked unit's of piezoceramics cable passes through the external crooked unit data acquisition system in fourth cable hole and second cable hole, hood top surface middle part sets up circular little recess vertical rigid connecting rod middle part is passed through the vertical displacement sensor of anchor clamps installation, vertical displacement sensor's measuring end supports rigidity transparent pressure cover top surface.
Furthermore, two vertical rigid screws are connected between the metal bottom plate and the metal top plate, the metal top plate and the metal bottom plate are clamped and fixed through the vertical rigid screws, the metal bottom plate is provided with 6 pore channels which are respectively a first air vent, a first water inlet hole, a second water inlet hole, a third water inlet hole, a first cable hole and a second cable hole, one end of each pore channel is opened on the top surface of the metal bottom plate, the other end of each pore channel is opened on the side edge of the metal bottom plate, the first air vent is connected with an external air pressure control system, the first water inlet hole and the second water inlet hole are connected with an external peristaltic pump, the third water inlet hole is connected with an external submersible pump, the first cable hole and the second cable hole are used for connecting cables externally of the piezoelectric ceramic bending element, two circular grooves are formed in the top surface of the metal bottom plate by taking the center of the metal bottom plate as the circle center, and the side, The bottom surface of the transparent pressure cover is provided with a groove and 4 through screw holes, the transparent pressure cover is connected with the metal bottom plate through a vertical bolt and a rubber ring in a sealing mode, the top surface of the rigid transparent pressure cover is provided with a vertical rigid connecting rod through hole and a second vent hole, and the second vent hole is connected with an external air pressure control system.
Furthermore, the center of the metal base plate is used as a circle center, an inner ring groove and an outer ring groove are formed in the top surface of the metal base plate, rubber rings are placed in the inner ring groove and the outer ring groove, the bottom surface of the metal base is arranged in the inner circular groove, and the bottom of the transparent pressure cover is inserted into the outer circular groove.
Furthermore, the cable of the piezoelectric ceramic bending element is externally connected with a bending element data acquisition system through a third cable hole and a first cable hole.
Further, the atmospheric pressure control system includes air compressor machine and 2 air pressure regulating valve, the air compressor machine passes through the pipeline and links to each other with 2 air pressure regulating valve, 2 air pressure regulating valve pass through the pipeline and link to each other with 2 valves respectively, and 2 valves are connected with the second venthole of transparent pressure cover top surface and the first venthole on the metal soleplate respectively, and the switch-on and the cut-off state of valve controllable air current, axial force control system includes air compressor machine, pressure cylinder and air pressure regulating valve, the air compressor machine passes through the pipeline and links to each other with pressure cylinder, pressure cylinder passes through the pipeline and links to each other with air pressure regulating valve.
Furthermore, measuring device disposes hole water volume measuring device, and hole water volume measuring device is the high accuracy graduated flask, and aqueduct one end is connected with the apopore on the base, and the other end is put into the graduated flask, and the high position of graduated flask is less than the drill way of bottom inlet opening.
The invention has the technical effects that:
1. the unsaturated coarse-grained soil-water characteristic curve combined bending element measuring device can realize different (isotropic and anisotropic) initial stress states by applying axial pressure and confining pressure through air pressure.
2. The device can accurately control the matrix suction inside the sample through the high-air-intake-value argil plate, the air pressure control system and the water pressure control system, so that the soil-water characteristic curve can be quickly and accurately measured.
3. The device measures the shear wave velocity or the elastic wave velocity through the piezoelectric ceramic bending element, and realizes the accurate measurement of the maximum shear modulus or the elastic modulus of unsaturated coarse-grained soil under the controllable substrate suction state.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for measuring unsaturated coarse-grained soil-water characteristic curve combined with a bending element according to the present invention
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a metal bottom plate and upper support structure in a device for measuring unsaturated coarse-grained soil-water characteristic curve combined bending element
FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of the metal substrate in FIG. 2
FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view of the supporting device in FIG. 2
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a metal base in the device for measuring the characteristic curve of unsaturated coarse-grained soil and water in combination with a bending element in FIG. 1
FIG. 6 is a top view of the metal base in FIG. 5
FIG. 7 is a bottom view of the metal base of FIG. 5
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the inner hole of the metal base in FIG. 5
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the top cap of the sample of FIG. 1
FIG. 10 is a top view of the top cap of the sample of FIG. 9
FIG. 11 is a bottom view of the top cap of the sample of FIG. 9
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the inner channel of the top cap of the sample of FIG. 9
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the rigid transparent pressure cap, the vertical rigid link and the vertical displacement sensor of FIG. 1
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of a shaft force control system of the unsaturated coarse-grained soil-water characteristic curve combined bending element measuring device in FIG. 1.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
the invention relates to a device for measuring unsaturated coarse-grained soil water characteristic curve combined with a bent element, which can control the substrate suction force and initial stress of a sample in the process of implementing a test, jointly measure the unsaturated coarse-grained soil water characteristic curve and the maximum shear (elasticity) modulus and can be used for researching the unsaturated coarse-grained soil maximum shear (elasticity) modulus under different initial stresses and substrate suction forces. The invention provides an example I for measuring the maximum shear (elastic) modulus of unsaturated coarse-grained soil under an axial bias state, and an example II for measuring the water characteristic curve of unsaturated coarse-grained soil.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1, 2, 5, 8, 11, 12, 13 and 14, the invention provides a device for measuring the characteristic curve of unsaturated coarse-grained soil and water by combining bending elements, which comprises a metal bottom plate [1] and a metal top plate [2], wherein the metal bottom plate [2] is provided with 6 pore canals, namely a first vent hole [3], a first water inlet hole [4], a second water inlet hole [5], a third water inlet hole [6], a first cable hole [7] and a second cable hole [8], one end of each pore canal is opened on the top surface of the metal bottom plate [1], the other end of each pore canal is opened on the side edge of the metal bottom plate [1], the first vent hole [3] is connected with an external air pressure control system, the first water inlet hole [4] and the second water inlet hole [5] are connected with an external peristaltic pump, the third water inlet hole [6] is connected with an external submersible pump, and the first cable hole [7], "has, The second cable hole [8] is used for an external cable of the piezoelectric ceramic bending element, the center of the metal bottom plate [1] is used as the center of a circle, two circular grooves are arranged on the top surface of the metal bottom plate, 8 non-through screw holes [9] are arranged on the top surface of the metal bottom plate, the metal top plate [2] can be assembled and disassembled, 4 through screw holes [10], 2 vertical rigid screw rod through holes [11] and 1 vertical rigid connecting rod through hole [12] are arranged, the metal top plate [2] and the metal bottom plate [1] are clamped and fixed through the vertical rigid screw rods [13], the vertical rigid screw rods [13] are rigidly connected with the metal bottom plate, a metal base [14] is arranged on the top surface of the metal bottom plate, the bottom surface of the metal base [14] is provided with circular grooves [15] and 4 through screw holes [16], and the metal bottom plate [1] is connected with the metal bottom plate, The rubber ring is sealed and fixed, the metal base [14] is provided with three pore canals which are respectively a fourth water inlet hole [18], a fourth water inlet hole [19] and a third cable hole [20], openings at one ends of all the pore canals are positioned in the metal base [14] and connected with a high air inlet argil plate [21] on the top surface of the metal base, an opening at one end is positioned on the side edge of the metal base, the fourth water inlet hole [18] is connected with the first water inlet hole [4] through a hose, the fourth water inlet hole [19] is connected with the second water inlet hole [5] through a hose, the high air inlet argil plate [21] is arranged on the top surface of the metal base [14], a piezoelectric ceramic bending element [22] is arranged in the middle of the top surface of the high air inlet argil plate [21], a cable of the piezoelectric ceramic bending element [22] is externally connected with a bending element data acquisition system through the third cable hole [20] and the first cable hole [7, a rigid transparent pressure cover [23] is arranged on the top surface of the metal bottom plate [1] and outside the metal base [14], the rigid transparent pressure cover [23] is cylindrical, the top surface is closed, the bottom surface is open, the bottom surface of the transparent pressure cover [23] is provided with a groove and 4 through screw holes [24], the rigid transparent pressure cover is hermetically connected with the metal bottom plate [1] through a vertical bolt [25] and a rubber ring, the top surface of the rigid transparent pressure cover [23] is provided with a rigid connecting rod through hole [26] and a second through hole [27], the second through hole [27] is connected with an external air pressure control system, a vertical rigid connecting rod [28] is arranged in the rigid connecting rod through hole [26] and is in dynamic sealing fit, the lower part of the vertical rigid connecting rod [28] is rigidly connected with a top cap [29], the upper part of the vertical rigid connecting rod [28] is rigidly connected with an axial force control system, and the, and the top cap [29] is provided with a fourth cable hole [30] and a third vent hole [31], the third vent hole [31] is connected with the first vent hole [3], the middle part of the bottom surface of the top cap [29] is provided with a piezoelectric ceramic bending element [32], a cable of the piezoelectric ceramic bending element [32] is externally connected with a bending element data acquisition system through the fourth cable hole [30] and the second cable hole [8], the middle part of the top surface of the top cap [29] is provided with a small circular groove [33], the middle part of the vertical rigid connecting rod [28] is provided with a vertical displacement sensor [35] through a clamp [34], and the measuring end of the vertical displacement sensor [35] is abutted to the top surface of the rigid transparent pressure cover [23 ].
In the device for measuring the characteristic curve of unsaturated coarse-grained soil and water in combination with the bending element, the diameter of a sample is 100mm, the height of the sample is 200mm, before the sample is installed, a high-air-intake argil plate [21] is saturated, water is injected into a transparent pressure cover [23] through a third water inlet [6], the water level in the transparent pressure cover [23] is higher than that in a metal base [14], the third water inlet [6] is closed, 30kPa air pressure is applied into the transparent pressure cover through a second vent [27] on the top surface of the transparent pressure cover [23], air in the high-air-intake argil plate [14] is discharged to the outside through a first water inlet [4] and a second water inlet [5] by a peristaltic pump, a rubber membrane is wrapped on the outside of the sample and is connected with the top cap [29] and the metal base [14] in a sealing way through a rubber ring, and then the measurement test of the maximum shear (elastic) modulus of the unsaturated coarse soil under different initial stresses and substrate suction force is carried out, and obtaining parameters such as the maximum shear modulus, the maximum elastic modulus, the axial deformation and the like of unsaturated coarse-grained soil.
Example two
The second example is the measurement of the characteristic curve of unsaturated coarse-grained soil and water, the installation of the device is the same as the first example, and the implementation method is as follows:
the method comprises the steps of firstly filling water into a sample through a first water inlet hole [4] and a second water inlet hole [5] by a peristaltic pump to be saturated, wherein the peristaltic pump is externally connected with a water guide pipe and a pore water volume measuring device, the pore water volume measuring device is a high-precision cylinder, the tail end of the water guide pipe is placed into a measuring cylinder, the height position of the measuring cylinder is lower than the orifice of the bottom water inlet hole, then the substrate suction force of the sample is balanced in sequence according to a drying path, the water discharge amount is measured after the substrate suction force is balanced every time, the actual water content of the sample under the corresponding substrate suction force is obtained, and an unsaturated coarse-grained soil-water characteristic curve is drawn.
Claims (9)
1. A unsaturated coarse-grained soil-water characteristic curve combined bending element measuring device is characterized in that: the high-air-intake ceramic plate bending device comprises a metal base plate and a metal top plate, wherein the metal base plate and the metal top plate are supported and connected through a vertical rigid screw, a metal base is arranged on the upper surface of the metal base plate, a circular groove and 4 through screw holes are formed in the bottom surface of the metal base plate, the metal base plate is fixedly connected to the metal base plate through a vertical bolt, a placement groove with an upward opening is formed in the upper portion of the metal base plate, a high-air-intake ceramic plate is embedded in the placement groove, the top surface of the metal base plate is fixedly provided with the high-air-intake ceramic plate, a piezoelectric ceramic bending element is arranged in the middle of the top surface of the high-air-intake ceramic plate, a cable of the piezoelectric ceramic bending element is externally connected with a bending element data acquisition system, a rigid transparent pressure cover is arranged on the top surface of the metal base plate and outside, the metal base is provided with an air inlet hole, a water inlet hole and a cable hole and is connected with an external air pressure control system through the air inlet hole; vertical rigid connecting rod of installation and dynamic seal cooperation in the vertical rigid connecting rod through-hole, vertical rigid connecting rod lower part and hood rigid connection, upper portion and axle power control system rigid connection, axle power control system places on the metal roof to be connected with the air compressor machine, the hood sets up fourth cable hole and third air vent, and the third air vent is connected with first air vent, and the crooked unit of hood bottom surface mid-mounting piezoceramics, the crooked unit's of piezoceramics cable passes through the external crooked unit data acquisition system in fourth cable hole and second cable hole, hood top surface middle part sets up circular little recess vertical rigid connecting rod middle part is passed through the vertical displacement sensor of anchor clamps installation, vertical displacement sensor's measuring end supports rigidity transparent pressure cover top surface.
2. The unsaturated coarse-grained soil and water characteristic curve combined bending element measuring device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the piezoelectric ceramic bending element cable comprises a metal bottom plate, a metal top plate, a metal bottom plate, a first air vent, a second air vent, a third water inlet, a first cable hole, a second cable hole, 6 pore channels, a first air vent, a first water inlet, a second water inlet, a third water inlet, a first cable hole and a second cable hole, wherein the metal bottom plate is provided with the 6 pore channels, the first air vent, the second water inlet, the third water inlet, the first cable hole and the second cable hole are respectively arranged on the top surface of the metal bottom plate, the other end of the pore channels is arranged on the side edge of the metal bottom plate, the first air vent is connected with an external air pressure control system, the first water inlet and the second water inlet are connected with an external peristaltic pump, the first cable hole and the second cable hole are used for connecting a piezoelectric ceramic bending element external cable, two circular grooves are arranged on the top surface of the metal bottom plate, The bottom surface of the transparent pressure cover is provided with a groove and 4 through screw holes, the transparent pressure cover is connected with the metal bottom plate through a vertical bolt and a rubber ring in a sealing mode, the top surface of the rigid transparent pressure cover is provided with a vertical rigid connecting rod through hole and a second vent hole, and the second vent hole is connected with an external air pressure control system.
3. The device for measuring the characteristic curve of unsaturated coarse-grained soil and water in combination with the bending element as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the bottom surface of the metal base is arranged in the inner circular groove, and the bottom of the transparent pressure cover is inserted into the outer circular groove.
4. The device for measuring the characteristic curve of unsaturated coarse-grained soil and water in combination with the bending element as claimed in claim 2 or 3, wherein: and the cable of the piezoelectric ceramic bending element is externally connected with a bending element data acquisition system through a third cable hole and a first cable hole.
5. The device for measuring the characteristic curve of unsaturated coarse-grained soil and water in combination with the bending element as claimed in claim 2 or 3, wherein: the pneumatic control system includes air compressor machine and 2 air pressure regulating valve, the air compressor machine passes through the pipeline and links to each other with 2 air pressure regulating valve, 2 air pressure regulating valve pass through the pipeline and link to each other with 2 valves respectively, and 2 valves are connected with the second venthole of transparent pressure cover top surface and the first venthole on the metal soleplate respectively, and the switch-on and the truncation state of valve controllable air current, axle power control system includes air compressor machine, pressure cylinder and pneumatic control valve, the air compressor machine passes through the pipeline and links to each other with pressure cylinder, pressure cylinder passes through the pipeline and links to each other with pneumatic control valve.
6. The device for measuring the characteristic curve of unsaturated coarse-grained soil and water in combination with the bending element as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the pneumatic control system includes air compressor machine and 2 air pressure regulating valve, the air compressor machine passes through the pipeline and links to each other with 2 air pressure regulating valve, 2 air pressure regulating valve pass through the pipeline and link to each other with 2 valves respectively, and 2 valves are connected with the second venthole of transparent pressure cover top surface and the first venthole on the metal soleplate respectively, and the switch-on and the truncation state of valve controllable air current, axle power control system includes air compressor machine, pressure cylinder and pneumatic control valve, the air compressor machine passes through the pipeline and links to each other with pressure cylinder, pressure cylinder passes through the pipeline and links to each other with pneumatic control valve.
7. The device for measuring the characteristic curve of unsaturated coarse-grained soil and water in combination with the bending element according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: the measuring device is provided with a pore water volume measuring device which is a high-precision measuring cylinder, one end of the water guide pipe is connected with the water outlet hole on the base, the other end of the water guide pipe is placed in the measuring cylinder, and the height position of the measuring cylinder is lower than the orifice of the water inlet hole at the bottom.
8. The device for measuring the characteristic curve of unsaturated coarse-grained soil and water in combination with the bending element as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the measuring device is provided with a pore water volume measuring device which is a high-precision measuring cylinder, one end of the water guide pipe is connected with the water outlet hole on the base, the other end of the water guide pipe is placed in the measuring cylinder, and the height position of the measuring cylinder is lower than the orifice of the water inlet hole at the bottom.
9. The device for measuring the characteristic curve of unsaturated coarse-grained soil and water in combination with the bending element as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the measuring device is provided with a pore water volume measuring device which is a high-precision measuring cylinder, one end of the water guide pipe is connected with the water outlet hole on the base, the other end of the water guide pipe is placed in the measuring cylinder, and the height position of the measuring cylinder is lower than the orifice of the water inlet hole at the bottom.
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