CN101865810A - A Test Method for Measuring Moisture Characteristic Parameters of Unsaturated Soil - Google Patents

A Test Method for Measuring Moisture Characteristic Parameters of Unsaturated Soil Download PDF

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CN101865810A
CN101865810A CN201010168104A CN201010168104A CN101865810A CN 101865810 A CN101865810 A CN 101865810A CN 201010168104 A CN201010168104 A CN 201010168104A CN 201010168104 A CN201010168104 A CN 201010168104A CN 101865810 A CN101865810 A CN 101865810A
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air pressure
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CN101865810B (en
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李志清
胡瑞林
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Institute of Geology and Geophysics of CAS
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Abstract

The invention relates to a test method for determining the unsaturated soil water characteristic parameters, which utilizes a test device to measure the soil water retention curve of soil body. The device mainly comprises a vertical displacement measuring meter 1, bolts 2, a pressurized shaft 3, a pressure chamber 12, a sample top cap 13, a fixed bolt 24 and a sample base 25. A second air pressure control valve 22 and a second water pressure control valve 19 are adjusted, and the sizes of the pore air pressure and pore water pressure in a sample are changed by a second air pressure sensor 23 and a second water pressure sensor 38, i.e. the size of matric suction s of the sample is changed; after the liquid level in a second volume water measuring tube 17 is stabilized, the change value of water quantity of inlet and outlet samples is read out to obtain a new water content of the sample w1 corresponding to matric suction s 1 so as to obtain a group of test data s1 and w1 on the soil water retention curve. The determination method has convenient use, high measuring precision, meets the requirements of three-dimensional stress, can measure the humidifying section and the dehumidifying section of the soil water characteristic curve, and is suitable for measuring the soil water retention curves of various soils in civil engineering.

Description

一种测定非饱和土水分特征参数的试验方法 A Test Method for Measuring Moisture Characteristic Parameters of Unsaturated Soil

技术领域technical field

本发明是一种测定非饱和土水分特征参数的试验方法，属于土木工程技术领域。The invention relates to a test method for measuring characteristic parameters of unsaturated soil moisture, which belongs to the technical field of civil engineering.

背景技术Background technique

非饱和土在我国分布广泛，地球表面广泛分布的天然沉积土，以及工程建设中遇到的土体问题，几乎都是非饱和土问题，真正意义上的饱和土在工程实践中很少见到，这使得非饱和土力学的研究具有非常现实和实际的意义。水力滞后是非饱和土的一个重要特征，水力滞后通常表现在土水保持曲线的滞后性，且土水保持曲线的滞后性受到多种因素影响，如土结构，温度尤其是应力状态的影响。用来描述非饱和土水分特征的两个重要参数就是非饱和渗透系数与土水保持曲线即土体基质吸力与含水量的对应关系。目前国内外还没有用来测定三向加载状态下的土水保持曲线和非饱和渗透系数的仪器与试验方法。本发明就是用来测定三向加载状态下非饱和土土水保持曲线的试验方法。Unsaturated soil is widely distributed in our country. The natural sedimentary soil widely distributed on the surface of the earth and the soil problems encountered in engineering construction are almost all unsaturated soil problems. Saturated soil in the true sense is rarely seen in engineering practice. This makes the study of unsaturated soil mechanics very realistic and practical. Hydraulic hysteresis is an important feature of unsaturated soil, and hydraulic hysteresis is usually manifested in the hysteresis of the soil-water retention curve, which is affected by many factors, such as soil structure, temperature and especially the stress state. Two important parameters used to describe the moisture characteristics of unsaturated soil are the corresponding relationship between unsaturated permeability coefficient and soil water retention curve, that is, soil matric suction and water content. At present, there are no instruments and test methods for measuring the soil-water retention curve and unsaturated permeability coefficient under three-dimensional loading state at home and abroad. The invention is a test method for measuring the soil water retention curve of unsaturated soil under the three-way loading state.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明目的是提供一种非饱和土水分特征参数测定方法，解决非饱和土在三向加载状态下的非饱和土土水保持曲线的测试问题。The purpose of the invention is to provide a method for measuring characteristic parameters of unsaturated soil moisture, which solves the problem of testing the unsaturated soil water retention curve of unsaturated soil under three-dimensional loading state.

本发明的技术解决方案是，利用一种非饱和土试验装置测定水分特征参数，该装置主要由垂直位移量测计1、螺栓2、加压轴3、压力室12、试样顶帽13、固定栓24、试样底座25组成。其中压力室12与仪器底座27通过螺栓2连接，压力室12顶部有垂直位移量测计1与加压轴3。压力室12顶部的第二气压管路15连接有压力室12、第一气压传感器16、第一气压控制阀门18、气压泵21，仪器底座27里的压力室充水管路28与充水控制阀门29相连。仪器底座27上面安装有试样底座25，试样底座上面镶嵌有下陶土板36。试样底座中央的第二水压管路20连接有下陶土板36、第二水压传感器38、第二水体积量测管17、第二水压控制阀门19、气压泵21，第二水体积量测管17上部有第二封水橡胶塞37。上陶土板14与下陶土板36的最大进气值均要求不小于1500kPa，垂直位移量测计1的量程要求大于50mm，精度要求达到0.01mm。试样顶帽13下部镶嵌有上陶土板14，试样顶帽13中央第一水压管路4连接有上陶土板14、第一水压传感器9、第一水体积量测管6、第一水压控制阀门7、真空泵8，第一水体积量测管6上部有第一封水橡胶塞5。上陶土板14与下陶土板36中间安装试样30，试样顶帽13、上陶土板14、试样30、试样底座25由橡胶膜包裹。试样30中间部位穿过橡胶膜的第一气压管路11连接有试样30、第二气压传感器23、第二气压控制阀门22、气压泵21。砝码26通过加压框架10与加压轴3，对准试样顶帽13顶部凹槽对试样施加垂直压力。加载框架10由砝码26、杠杆32、大砝码33、第一转动轴31、第二转动轴39、第三转动轴40、第四转动轴41组成，加载框架10通过固定栓24与仪器底座27连接，带动框架10升降的第二转动轴39和第四转动轴41通过第一金属钩34连接，砝码26与杠杆31通过第二金属钩35连接。The technical solution of the present invention is, utilize a kind of unsaturated soil test device to measure moisture characteristic parameter, this device is mainly by vertical displacement gauge 1, bolt 2, pressurized shaft 3, pressure chamber 12, sample top cap 13, fixed Bolt 24, sample base 25 are formed. The pressure chamber 12 is connected to the instrument base 27 through bolts 2 , and the top of the pressure chamber 12 has a vertical displacement measuring gauge 1 and a pressurizing shaft 3 . The second air pressure pipeline 15 on the top of the pressure chamber 12 is connected with the pressure chamber 12, the first air pressure sensor 16, the first air pressure control valve 18, the air pressure pump 21, the pressure chamber water filling pipeline 28 and the water filling control valve in the instrument base 27 29 connected. A sample base 25 is installed on the instrument base 27, and a lower clay plate 36 is inlaid on the sample base. The second water pressure pipeline 20 in the center of the sample base is connected with a lower clay plate 36, a second water pressure sensor 38, a second water volume measuring tube 17, a second water pressure control valve 19, an air pump 21, and a second water pressure control valve 19. The volume measuring tube 17 top has a second water sealing rubber stopper 37. The maximum air intake value of the upper clay plate 14 and the lower clay plate 36 is required to be not less than 1500kPa, the range of the vertical displacement measuring device 1 is required to be greater than 50mm, and the accuracy is required to reach 0.01mm. The lower part of the sample top cap 13 is inlaid with an upper clay plate 14, and the first water pressure pipeline 4 in the center of the sample top cap 13 is connected with the upper clay plate 14, the first water pressure sensor 9, the first water volume measuring tube 6, and the first hydraulic pressure pipeline 4. A water pressure control valve 7, a vacuum pump 8, and a first water sealing rubber plug 5 on the top of the first water volume measuring tube 6. The sample 30 is installed in the middle of the upper clay plate 14 and the lower clay plate 36, and the sample top cap 13, the upper clay plate 14, the sample 30, and the sample base 25 are wrapped by a rubber film. The first air pressure pipeline 11 passing through the rubber membrane in the middle of the sample 30 is connected with the sample 30 , the second air pressure sensor 23 , the second air pressure control valve 22 , and the air pressure pump 21 . The weight 26 passes through the pressurization frame 10 and the pressurization shaft 3, and aligns with the top groove of the top cap 13 of the sample to exert vertical pressure on the sample. Loading frame 10 is made up of weight 26, lever 32, large weight 33, first rotating shaft 31, second rotating shaft 39, the 3rd rotating shaft 40, the 4th rotating shaft 41, and loading frame 10 is connected with instrument by fixing bolt 24. The base 27 is connected, the second rotating shaft 39 and the fourth rotating shaft 41 that drive the frame 10 to rise and fall are connected through the first metal hook 34 , and the weight 26 and the lever 31 are connected through the second metal hook 35 .

本发明优点：Advantages of the present invention:

该测定方法应用简单，测量精度高，满足三向应力要求，可以量测土水保持曲线的增湿段与减湿段。The measurement method is simple in application, high in measurement accuracy, meets the requirements of three-dimensional stress, and can measure the humidification section and dehumidification section of the soil-water retention curve.

本发明适用范围：The scope of application of the present invention:

适用于土木工程中遇到的各种土质在非饱和状态下土水保持曲线的量测问题。It is applicable to the measurement of soil-water retention curves of various soils in unsaturated state encountered in civil engineering.

附图说明：Description of drawings:

图1是测定非饱和土水分特征参数的试验方法所用测定装置的结构示意图。其中有：垂直位移量测计1、螺栓2、加压轴3、第一水压管路4、第一封水橡胶塞5、第一水体积量测管6、第一水压控制阀门7、真空泵8、第一水压传感器9、加载框架10、第一气压管路11、压力室12、试样顶帽13、上陶土板14、第二气压管路15、第一气压传感器16、第二水体积量测管17、第一气压控制阀门18、第二水压控制阀门19、第二水压管路20、气压泵21、第二气压控制阀门22、第二气压传感器23、固定栓24、试样底座25、砝码26、仪器底座27、充水管路28、充水控制阀门29、试样30、下陶土板36、第二封水橡胶塞37、第二水压传感器38。Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the measuring device used in the test method for measuring the characteristic parameters of unsaturated soil moisture. Among them are: vertical displacement measuring gauge 1, bolt 2, pressurized shaft 3, first water pressure pipeline 4, first water sealing rubber plug 5, first water volume measuring tube 6, first water pressure control valve 7, Vacuum pump 8, first water pressure sensor 9, loading frame 10, first air pressure pipeline 11, pressure chamber 12, sample top cap 13, upper clay plate 14, second air pressure pipeline 15, first air pressure sensor 16, the first Two water volume measuring tubes 17, the first air pressure control valve 18, the second water pressure control valve 19, the second water pressure pipeline 20, the air pressure pump 21, the second air pressure control valve 22, the second air pressure sensor 23, the fixing bolt 24. Sample base 25, weight 26, instrument base 27, water filling pipeline 28, water filling control valve 29, sample 30, lower clay plate 36, second water sealing rubber plug 37, second water pressure sensor 38.

图2是图1的A-A右视图。其中有：加载框架10、固定栓24、第一转动轴31、杠杆32、大砝码33、第一金属钩34、第二金属钩35、第二转动轴39、第三转动轴40、第四转动轴41。Fig. 2 is a right side view of A-A of Fig. 1 . Wherein there are: loading frame 10, fixed bolt 24, first rotating shaft 31, lever 32, large weight 33, first metal hook 34, second metal hook 35, second rotating shaft 39, third rotating shaft 40, the first Four rotating shafts 41 .

具体实施方式：Detailed ways:

实施例：非饱和土水分特征参数，即土水保持曲线的测定方法如下，Embodiment: the characteristic parameter of unsaturated soil moisture, i.e. the measuring method of soil water retention curve is as follows,

①将第一气压管路11从气压泵21上拆除，将第一水压管路4与气压泵21连接，关闭第一气压控制阀门18与第二气压控制阀门22，启动气压泵21，打开第一水压控制阀门7和第二水压控制阀门19，加压将上陶土板14与下陶土板36充水饱和；①Remove the first air pressure line 11 from the air pressure pump 21, connect the first water pressure line 4 to the air pressure pump 21, close the first air pressure control valve 18 and the second air pressure control valve 22, start the air pressure pump 21, open The first water pressure control valve 7 and the second water pressure control valve 19 are pressurized to saturate the upper clay plate 14 and the lower clay plate 36 with water;

②上陶土板14与下陶土板36饱和后，关闭气压泵21，将第一水压管路4与真空泵8连接，关闭第一水压控制阀门7与第二水压控制阀门19，将第一气压管路11与气压泵21连接，将试样顶帽13和试样30安装在底座25上，外面套上橡皮膜，压力室12与底座27由螺栓2连接，通过充水管路28往压力室内充水，待水面距离压力室顶面5～10cm时，关闭充水控制阀门29；②After the upper clay plate 14 and the lower clay plate 36 are saturated, close the air pump 21, connect the first hydraulic pipeline 4 with the vacuum pump 8, close the first hydraulic control valve 7 and the second hydraulic control valve 19, and turn off the first hydraulic pressure control valve 7 and the second hydraulic control valve 19. A pneumatic pipeline 11 is connected to the pneumatic pump 21, the sample top cap 13 and the sample 30 are installed on the base 25, and a rubber film is put on the outside, the pressure chamber 12 and the base 27 are connected by bolts 2, and the water-filled pipeline 28 goes to the Fill the pressure chamber with water, and close the water filling control valve 29 when the water surface is 5-10 cm away from the top surface of the pressure chamber;

③将第二水压管路20从气压泵21上拆下，按试验要求增加砝码26，施加垂直压力于试样顶帽13上，同时启动气压泵21，调节第一气压控制阀门18，施加围压，打开第二水压水压阀门19排水，直到达到要求的试样应力状态；③Remove the second hydraulic pipeline 20 from the air pump 21, add a weight 26 according to the test requirements, apply vertical pressure on the top cap 13 of the sample, start the air pump 21 at the same time, adjust the first air pressure control valve 18, Apply confining pressure, open the second water pressure water pressure valve 19 to drain water until the required stress state of the sample is reached;

④关闭第二水压控制阀门19，将第二水压管路20与气压泵21连接，调节第二气压控制阀门22与第二水压控制阀门19，通过第二气压传感器23和第二水压传感器38，控制一定大小的孔隙气压力与孔隙水压力，二者之差即为试样基质吸力s0，通过第二水体积量测管17可以读出进出试样水量大小，待第二水体积量测管17液面平稳后，结合已知试样含水量w，可以得出对应基质吸力s0的试样含水量w0，即可得到土水保持曲线上的一组试验数据s0与w0；④ Close the second water pressure control valve 19, connect the second water pressure pipeline 20 with the air pressure pump 21, adjust the second air pressure control valve 22 and the second water pressure control valve 19, pass the second air pressure sensor 23 and the second water pressure The pressure sensor 38 controls the pore air pressure and pore water pressure of a certain size. The difference between the two is the sample matrix suction s 0 . The water volume in and out of the sample can be read through the second water volume measuring tube 17. After the liquid level of the water volume measuring tube 17 is stable, combined with the known water content w of the sample, the water content w 0 of the sample corresponding to the matrix suction s 0 can be obtained, and a set of test data s on the soil-water retention curve can be obtained 0 and w 0 ;

⑤调节第二气压控制阀门22与第二水压控制阀门19，通过第二气压传感器23和第二水压传感器38，改变试样内孔隙气压力与孔隙水压力的大小，即改变试样基质吸力s的大小，待第二水体积量测管17液面变化平稳后，读出进出试样的水量变化值，得到新的对应基质吸力s1的试样含水量w1，即可得到土水保持曲线上的另一组试验数据s1与w1；⑤ Adjust the second air pressure control valve 22 and the second water pressure control valve 19, through the second air pressure sensor 23 and the second water pressure sensor 38, change the size of the pore air pressure and pore water pressure in the sample, that is, change the sample matrix After the liquid level of the second water volume measuring tube 17 changes steadily, read the change value of the water volume in and out of the sample, and obtain the new water content w 1 of the sample corresponding to the matrix suction s 1 , then the soil Another set of test data s 1 and w 1 on the water retention curve;

⑥按试验要求，重复步骤⑤，即可得到整条土水保持曲线上的试验数据，即可绘出整条土水保持曲线。⑥ According to the test requirements, repeat step ⑤ to obtain the test data on the entire soil-water conservation curve, and draw the entire soil-water conservation curve.

Claims (1)

1.一种测定非饱和土水分特征参数的试验方法，其特征是用一种试验装置测定非饱和土水分特征参数，该装置由垂直位移量测计(1)、螺栓(2)、加压轴(3)、压力室(12)、试样顶帽(13)、固定栓(24)、试样底座(25)组成，其中上陶土板(14)与下陶土板(36)的最大进气值均要求不小于1500kPa，垂直位移量测计(1)的量程要求大于50mm，精度要求达到0.01mm，用该试验装置测定非饱和土水分特征参数，即土水保持曲线的试验方法如下，1. A test method for measuring unsaturated soil moisture characteristic parameters is characterized in that a test device is used to measure unsaturated soil moisture characteristic parameters, and the device is composed of vertical displacement meter (1), bolt (2), pressurized shaft (3), composed of pressure chamber (12), sample top cap (13), fixing bolt (24), and sample base (25), wherein the maximum air intake of the upper clay plate (14) and the lower clay plate (36) The average value is required to be not less than 1500kPa, the range of the vertical displacement measuring device (1) is required to be greater than 50mm, and the accuracy is required to reach 0.01mm. The test method for measuring the characteristic parameters of unsaturated soil moisture, that is, the soil water retention curve, is as follows: ①将第一气压管路(11)从气压泵(21)上拆除，将第一水压管路(4)与气压泵(21)连接，关闭第一气压控制阀门(18)与第二气压控制阀门(22)，启动气压泵(21)，打开第一水压控制阀门(7)与第二水压控制阀门(19)，加压将上陶土板(14)和下陶土板(36)充水饱和；① Remove the first air pressure line (11) from the air pressure pump (21), connect the first water pressure line (4) to the air pressure pump (21), close the first air pressure control valve (18) and the second air pressure Control the valve (22), start the air pump (21), open the first water pressure control valve (7) and the second water pressure control valve (19), pressurize the upper clay plate (14) and the lower clay plate (36) saturated with water; ②上陶土板(14)与下陶土板(36)饱和后，关闭气压泵(21)，将第一水压管路(4)与真空泵(8)连接，关闭第一水压控制阀门(7)与第二水压控制阀门(19)，将第一气压管路(11)与气压泵(21)连接，将试样顶帽(13)和试样(30)安装在底座(25)上，外面套上橡皮膜，压力室(12)与底座(27)由螺栓(2)连接，通过充水管路(28)往压力室内充水，待水面距离压力室顶面5～10cm时，关闭充水控制阀门(29)；② After the upper clay plate (14) and the lower clay plate (36) are saturated, close the air pump (21), connect the first water pressure pipeline (4) to the vacuum pump (8), and close the first water pressure control valve (7 ) and the second water pressure control valve (19), connect the first air pressure line (11) with the air pump (21), and install the sample top cap (13) and the sample (30) on the base (25) , put a rubber film on the outside, the pressure chamber (12) and the base (27) are connected by bolts (2), fill the pressure chamber with water through the water filling pipeline (28), and close the pressure chamber when the water surface is 5-10cm away from the top surface of the pressure chamber Water filling control valve (29); ③将第二水压管路(20)从气压泵(21)上拆下，按试验要求增加砝码(26)，施加垂直压力于试样顶帽(13)上，同时启动气压泵(21)，调节第一气压控制阀门(18)，施加围压，打开第二水压控制阀门(19)排水，直到达到要求的试样应力状态；③Remove the second hydraulic pipeline (20) from the air pump (21), add weights (26) according to the test requirements, apply vertical pressure on the top cap (13) of the sample, and start the air pump (21) at the same time ), adjust the first air pressure control valve (18), apply confining pressure, open the second water pressure control valve (19) to drain water, until the required sample stress state is reached; ④关闭第二水压控制阀门(19)，将第二水压管路(20)与气压泵(21)连接，调节第二气压控制阀门(22)与第二水压控制阀门(19)，通过第二气压传感器(23)和第二水压传感器(38)，控制一定大小的孔隙气压力与孔隙水压力，二者之差即为试样的基质吸力s0，通过第二水体积量测管(17)可以读出进出试样的水量大小，待第二水体积量测管(17)液面平稳后，结合已知的试样含水量w，可以得出对应基质吸力s0的试样含水量w0，即可得到土水保持曲线上的一组试验数据s0与w0；④ Close the second water pressure control valve (19), connect the second water pressure pipeline (20) with the air pump (21), adjust the second air pressure control valve (22) and the second water pressure control valve (19), Through the second air pressure sensor (23) and the second water pressure sensor (38), the pore air pressure and pore water pressure of a certain size are controlled, and the difference between the two is the matrix suction s 0 of the sample. The measuring tube (17) can read the amount of water entering and leaving the sample. After the liquid level of the second water volume measuring tube (17) is stable, combined with the known water content w of the sample, the corresponding matrix suction s0 can be obtained. A set of test data s 0 and w 0 on the soil water retention curve can be obtained if the water content of the sample is w 0 ; ⑤调节第二气压控制阀门(22)与第二水压控制阀门(19)，通过第二气压传感器(23)和第二水压传感器(38)，改变试样内孔隙气压力与孔隙水压力的大小，即改变试样基质吸力s的大小，待第二水体积量测管(17)液面平稳后，读出进出试样的水量变化值，得到新的对应基质吸力s1的试样含水量w1，即可得到土水保持曲线上的另一组试验数据s1与w1；⑤ Adjust the second air pressure control valve (22) and the second water pressure control valve (19), and change the pore air pressure and pore water pressure in the sample through the second air pressure sensor (23) and the second water pressure sensor (38). Change the size of the sample matrix suction s, and after the liquid level of the second water volume measuring tube (17) is stable, read the change value of the water volume entering and leaving the sample, and obtain a new sample corresponding to the matrix suction s 1 water content w 1 , another set of test data s 1 and w 1 on the soil-water retention curve can be obtained; ⑥按试验要求，重复步骤⑤，即可得到整条土水保持曲线上的试验数据，即可绘出整条土水保持曲线。⑥ According to the test requirements, repeat step ⑤ to obtain the test data on the entire soil-water conservation curve, and draw the entire soil-water conservation curve.
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