CN113959837A - Unsaturated soil consolidation and humidification deformation measurement test device capable of accurately measuring water absorption and water discharge of sample and use method thereof - Google Patents
Unsaturated soil consolidation and humidification deformation measurement test device capable of accurately measuring water absorption and water discharge of sample and use method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
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- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
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- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 claims description 22
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/30—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. mechanical strain gauge
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0005—Repeated or cyclic
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0019—Compressive
Abstract
The invention discloses a test device for measuring unsaturated soil consolidation and humidifying deformation, which can accurately measure the water absorption and drainage of a sample, and a using method thereof, wherein the device comprises: the device comprises a pressure chamber, a loading system, a dial indicator, a bubble scouring system, a suction and drainage amount test and a pneumatic water pressure control system. The bubble scouring system can scour the bubbles gathered at the bottom of the argil plate under the condition of not unloading the water pressure at the bottom of the argil plate, and realizes accurate measurement of the water absorption and discharge amount of the sample. The matrix suction of the soil sample is accurately controlled by the water absorption and drainage measurement and air pressure and water pressure control system, the soil sample is gradually humidified by gradually reducing the matrix suction under the condition that the upper load is kept constant, and the same sample is used for measuring the humidification deformation and the saturation change of the soil under different humidification degrees; meanwhile, the invention can increase the vertical load step by step under the condition of keeping the substrate suction unchanged, and measure the consolidation deformation and the saturation change of unsaturated soil under the condition of certain substrate suction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering test instruments and equipment, relates to a geotechnical engineering test device, and particularly relates to an unsaturated soil consolidation and humidification deformation measurement test device capable of accurately measuring the water absorption and drainage amount of a sample and a using method thereof.
Background
Most of the soil above the groundwater level is in an unsaturated state, and the water content of the soil is in a periodic change state under the influence of factors such as rainfall, evaporation, groundwater level rising and falling and the like; meanwhile, the soil body is often subjected to a load effect caused by buildings, vehicles and the like on the upper part. The problems to be solved when the geotechnical structure is built are how to ensure the stability of the geotechnical structure, how to reduce the collapsible deformation and how to quantitatively describe the deformation of the soil body under the coupling action of the upper load and the humidification. The key point for solving the problems is to carry out deep analysis on the consolidation characteristic and the wetting deformation characteristic of the soil body in the unsaturated state.
The conventional consolidometer is only suitable for measuring the consolidation deformation characteristics of soil bodies in a saturated state. The consolidation characteristics of the soil body in an unsaturated state need to be measured by an unsaturated soil consolidation apparatus. The existing unsaturated soil consolidation apparatus is more suitable for measuring the consolidation deformation of a soil body under a certain substrate suction condition, but has larger defects in the aspects of measuring the humidification deformation and the saturation change of the soil body, and the main defects are as follows: (1) more air bubbles are easily gathered at the bottom of the argil plate in the substrate suction force balancing process, but the existing unsaturated soil consolidation apparatus lacks an air bubble scouring system and cannot effectively scour the air bubbles gathered at the bottom of the argil plate, so that a suction and drainage channel of the argil plate is blocked, and the substrate suction force balancing process is influenced; (2) the existing unsaturated soil consolidation instrument mainly measures the vertical deformation of an unsaturated soil sample in the consolidation process, cannot accurately measure the water absorption and drainage quantity of the sample in the consolidation process, cannot comprehensively reflect the saturation change of the sample in the consolidation process and the humidifying deformation process, and is not beneficial to comprehensively mastering the deformation characteristic of unsaturated soil; (3) although a small part of unsaturated soil consolidators are provided with bubble scouring devices, the bubble scouring devices are required to be carried out under the condition that the water pressure at the bottom of the argil plate is removed, the removal of the water pressure at the bottom of the argil plate influences the balance of the substrate suction force, and the bubble scouring process is very complicated. Therefore, the unsaturated soil consolidation and humidification deformation measurement test device capable of accurately measuring the water absorption and drainage amount of the sample is developed, and has important significance for accurately judging the consolidation characteristic and the humidification deformation characteristic of the soil body and guiding the actual unsaturated soil engineering and improving the unsaturated soil mechanics.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved is as follows: the invention provides a test device for measuring unsaturated soil consolidation and humidification deformation, which can accurately measure the water absorption and drainage of a sample, and a using method thereof, aiming at overcoming the defects of the prior art, solving the problems of measuring the deformation and saturation change of the soil body under the coupling action of load and humidification, realizing the washing of bubbles gathered at the bottom of a argil plate under the condition of not removing the water pressure at the bottom of the argil plate, and accurately measuring the water absorption and drainage of the sample in the consolidation and humidification deformation processes.
The technical scheme is as follows: a unsaturated soil consolidation and humidification deformation measurement test device capable of accurately measuring the water absorption and drainage amount of a sample is characterized by comprising a pressure chamber, a loading system, a dial indicator, a bubble scouring system, a water absorption and drainage amount test and an air pressure and water pressure control system; the pressure chamber consists of a base, an organic glass cylindrical sealing cylinder and a cover plate; a spiral drainage groove is carved on the base of the pressure chamber, a high-air-intake-value argil plate is embedded on the upper portion of the spiral drainage groove, a cutting ring sample, filter paper, permeable stones and a pressure transmission plate are sequentially placed on the upper portion of the high-air-intake-value argil plate, the upper portion of the pressure transmission plate is connected with a vertical loading rod, the loading rod is externally connected with a vertical loading system, and a dial indicator is installed on the loading rod; the suction and drainage water quantity testing and air pressure and water pressure control system consists of a pressure regulating valve, a pressure gauge, a body changing pipe and an organic glass transparent pressure pipe, and is connected with the pressure chamber and the spiral drainage groove at the bottom of the argil plate through a high-pressure resistant resin pipe; the bubble scouring system is composed of an organic glass sleeve and a piston, the right side of the organic glass sleeve is connected with a body-to-body variable pipe and a spiral drainage groove at the bottom of an argil plate through a high-pressure-resistant resin pipe, and the left side of the organic glass sleeve is connected with an organic glass transparent pressure pipe through a high-pressure-resistant resin pipe. The unsaturated soil consolidation and humidification deformation measurement test device capable of accurately measuring the water absorption and drainage amount of the sample applies a vertical load to the upper part of a cutting ring sample through a pressure transmission plate, accurately controls the matrix suction force of a soil body sample through a water absorption and drainage amount test and air pressure and water pressure control system, gradually humidifies the soil body sample by gradually reducing the matrix suction force under the condition that the upper load is kept constant, and measures the humidification deformation and the saturation change of the soil body under different humidification degrees by using the same sample; meanwhile, the invention can increase the vertical load step by step under the condition of keeping the substrate suction unchanged, and measure the consolidation deformation and the saturation change of unsaturated soil under the condition of certain substrate suction.
Preferably, a stainless steel cutting ring is sleeved on the periphery of the cutting ring sample, and the inner diameter of the stainless steel cutting ring is the same as that of the cutting ring sample; the stainless steel cutting ring is embedded into the pressure chamber base and used for limiting the lateral deformation of the cutting ring sample.
Preferably, the pressure chamber base is carved with spiral drainage groove, and spiral drainage groove links to each other with body becomes pipe and organic glass sleeve right side.
Preferably, the body-changing pipe is arranged in the organic glass pressure pipe; the upper part of the body-changing pipe is provided with an opening and is communicated with the organic glass pressure pipe.
Preferably, airless water is filled in the variable volume pipe and the spiral drainage groove, and the air pressure is converted into the water pressure through an organic glass pressure pipe and is applied to the bottom of the argil plate.
Preferably, two ends of the organic glass sleeve are sealed, the right side of the organic glass sleeve is connected with the body-changing pipe and the spiral drainage groove, and the left side of the organic glass sleeve is connected with the organic glass pressure pipe; a piston is arranged in the organic glass sleeve, the outer diameter of the piston is the same as the inner diameter of the organic glass sleeve, and a sealing ring is embedded on the periphery of the piston to realize the water-gas separation of the left side and the right side of the organic glass sleeve.
Preferably, the left side and the right side of the organic glass sleeve have equal pressure, water and air in the spiral drainage groove flow through the push-pull piston, and the air bubbles flow into the body-changing pipe when flowing through the bottom of the body-changing pipe, so that the air bubbles gathered at the bottom of the argil plate are flushed under the condition of not unloading water pressure.
Preferably, the side wall of the body-changing pipe is provided with scales, so that the height of the water level in the body-changing pipe can be conveniently read, and the water suction and drainage quantity of the sample can be measured.
Preferably, the unsaturated soil consolidation and humidifying deformation measuring test device capable of accurately measuring the water absorption and water discharge of the sample can realize the following functions:
(1) under the condition of keeping the vertical load constant, gradually humidifying a soil body sample by reducing the suction force of a matrix step by step, measuring the water absorption capacity of the sample in the humidifying process through a water absorption and drainage capacity test and an air pressure and water pressure control system, and realizing the determination of the humidifying deformation and the saturation change of the soil body under different humidifying degrees by using the same sample;
(2) the suction and drainage amount test and the air pressure and water pressure control system are used for controlling the matrix suction, increasing the vertical load step by step under the condition of constant matrix suction, measuring the compression deformation of the soil body and the drainage amount of the sample under the condition of certain matrix suction, and obtaining indexes such as the compression index and the rebound index of the soil body under the condition of specific matrix suction and the saturation change of the sample in the consolidation process.
The use method of the unsaturated soil consolidation and humidification deformation measurement test device capable of accurately measuring the water absorption and drainage quantity of the sample for measuring the humidification deformation and the saturation change of the soil body under different humidification degrees comprises the following steps:
step 1, injecting airless water into the volume change pipe and the spiral drainage groove, adjusting a pressure regulating valve until the reading of a pressure gauge is 10-20 kPa, keeping the pressure unchanged, and standing for 48 hours to saturate the argil plate;
step 2, adjusting a pressure regulating valve to remove water pressure at the bottom of the argil plate, wiping redundant water on the surface of the argil plate by using a wet towel, sequentially placing a cutting ring sample, filter paper and permeable stone on the upper part of the argil plate, placing a pressure transmitting plate on the upper part of the permeable stone, sequentially installing an organic glass cylindrical sealing cylinder and a cover plate, and tightly contacting a loading rod with the pressure transmitting plate;
step 3, adjusting a pressure regulating valve, applying preset matrix suction to the sample, and keeping the matrix suction unchanged until the matrix suction in the sample is balanced;
step 4, mounting the dial indicator on the pressure transmission rod, contacting a telescopic indicator needle of the dial indicator with the cover plate, zeroing the indicator needle of the dial indicator, starting the vertical loading device to apply a preset load to the sample, recording the reading of the dial indicator, pushing and pulling the piston to flush the bubbles gathered at the bottom of the pottery clay plate after the reading is stable, recording the reading of the body transformer tube after the flushing is finished, and then performing a humidifying deformation test;
5, adjusting a pressure regulating valve, reducing the matrix suction force of the sample to a preset value, recording the reading of a dial indicator until the reading is kept stable, then pushing and pulling a piston to wash the bubbles gathered at the bottom of the argil plate, and recording the reading of the variable pipe of the body after the washing is finished;
step 6, repeating the step 5, and reducing the substrate suction step by step until the substrate is humidified and deformed stably under the lowest substrate suction;
and 7, processing the test result, calculating the deformation and saturation of the soil body under different substrate suction conditions according to the deformation and water absorption of the sample, and measuring the wetting deformation and saturation change of the soil body under different wetting degrees.
The use method of the unsaturated soil consolidation and wetting deformation measurement test device capable of accurately measuring the water absorption and drainage quantity of the sample for measuring the compression deformation characteristic and saturation change of the soil body under a certain substrate suction condition comprises the following steps:
step 1, injecting airless water into the volume change pipe and the spiral drainage groove, adjusting a pressure regulating valve until the reading of a pressure gauge is 10-20 kPa, keeping the pressure unchanged, and standing for 48 hours to saturate the argil plate;
step 2, adjusting a pressure regulating valve to remove water pressure at the bottom of the argil plate, wiping redundant water on the surface of the argil plate by using a wet towel, sequentially placing a cutting ring sample, filter paper and permeable stone on the upper part of the argil plate, placing a pressure transmitting plate on the upper part of the permeable stone, sequentially installing an organic glass cylindrical sealing cylinder and a cover plate, and tightly contacting a loading rod with the pressure transmitting plate;
step 3, adjusting a pressure regulating valve, applying preset matrix suction to the sample, and keeping the matrix suction unchanged until the matrix suction in the sample is balanced;
step 4, mounting the dial indicator on the pressure transmission rod, contacting a telescopic indicator needle of the dial indicator with the cover plate, zeroing the indicator needle of the dial indicator, starting the vertical loading device to apply a preset load to the sample, recording the reading of the dial indicator, pushing and pulling the piston to flush the bubbles gathered at the bottom of the pottery clay plate after the reading is stable, and recording the reading of the body-to-tube converter after the flushing is finished;
step 5, applying preset loads step by step, recording readings of a dial indicator, pushing and pulling a piston to flush air bubbles gathered at the bottom of the argil plate after the readings of each step of loads are stable, recording the readings of the variable pipes of the body after the flushing is finished, and then applying next step of loads;
and 6, processing the test result after the last stage of load consolidation is stable, calculating the deformation and saturation variation of the sample, drawing a consolidation curve and a saturation variation curve, and obtaining the compression deformation characteristic of the soil body under the condition of certain stage of matrix suction and the saturation variation in the consolidation process.
Has the advantages that: (1) the invention can apply different vertical pressures to the soil sample, simulate the soil to be humidified under different overburden load conditions, and accurately measure the water absorption of the sample in the humidification process, thereby realizing the measurement of the humidification deformation and saturation change of the soil under different substrate suction conditions by using the same sample, and measuring the soil deformation rule and saturation change rule under the load and humidification coupling action; (2) the bubble scouring system can scour the bubbles gathered at the bottom of the argil plate under the condition that the water pressure at the bottom of the argil plate is not removed, eliminates the influence of the gathered bubbles on the measurement of the water absorption and drainage quantity of the sample, and makes up the defects that the existing unsaturated soil consolidator cannot scour the bubbles and cannot accurately measure the water absorption and drainage quantity of the sample; (3) the invention can load the sample step by step under the condition of keeping the matrix suction constant, measure the compression deformation characteristic and the saturation change of the soil body under the condition of certain matrix suction, and obtain indexes such as the compression index, the rebound index and the like of the soil body under the condition of specific matrix suction and the saturation change rule of the soil body in the consolidation process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an unsaturated soil consolidation and wetting deformation measurement test device capable of accurately measuring the water absorption and drainage of a sample according to the present invention;
wherein, 1 is the pressure chamber base, 2 is argil board, 3 is the cutting ring, 4 is the cutting ring sample, 5 is filter paper, 6 is the permeable stone, 7 is the pressure transmission board, 8 is the pressure chamber, 9 is the cylindrical sealed section of thick bamboo of organic glass, 10 is the apron, 11 is the loading pole, 12 is the amesdial, 13 is spiral drainage groove, 14 is the transparent pressure pipe of organic glass, 15 is the body and becomes the pipe, 16 is the manometer, 17 is the air-vent valve, 18 is the manometer, 19 is the air-vent valve, 20 is high pressure resistant resin pipe, 21 is the transparent pressure pipe of organic glass, 22 is the body and becomes the pipe, 23 is the organic glass sleeve, 24 is the piston, 25 is the sealing washer.
Detailed Description
The following examples further illustrate the present invention but are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Modifications and substitutions to methods, procedures, or conditions of the invention may be made without departing from the spirit and substance of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.
Example 1
The unsaturated soil consolidation and humidification deformation measurement test device capable of accurately measuring the water absorption and drainage amount of a sample comprises a pressure chamber 8, a loading system, a dial indicator 12, a bubble scouring system, a water absorption and drainage amount test and an air pressure and water pressure control system; the pressure chamber consists of a base 1, an organic glass cylindrical sealing cylinder 9 and a cover plate 10; a spiral drainage groove 13 is carved on the pressure chamber base 1, a high-air-intake-value argil plate 2 is inlaid on the upper portion of the spiral drainage groove 13, a cutting ring sample 4, filter paper 5, a permeable stone 6 and a pressure transmission plate 7 are sequentially placed on the upper portion of the high-air-intake-value argil plate 2, the upper portion of the pressure transmission plate 7 is connected with a vertical loading rod 11, the loading rod 11 is externally connected with a vertical loading system, and a dial indicator 12 is installed on the loading rod 11; the water suction and drainage quantity test and air pressure water pressure control system consists of a water suction and drainage quantity test system, an upper air pressure control system and a bottom water pressure control system, wherein the water suction and drainage quantity test system consists of body change pipes 15 and 22 and is communicated with the two ends of the spiral drainage groove 13 through a high-pressure resistant resin pipe 20; the upper air pressure control system consists of a high pressure resistant resin pipe 20 provided with a pressure regulating valve 19 and a pressure gauge 18 and is connected with an air ventilation pressure source and the pressure chamber 8 in parallel; the bottom water pressure control system consists of a high pressure resistant resin pipe 20 provided with a pressure regulating valve 17 and a pressure gauge 16, organic glass transparent pressure pipes 14 and 21 and is communicated with a pressure source and the spiral drainage groove 13, in the bottom water pressure control system, the organic glass transparent pressure pipes 14 and 21 with the tops communicated with the high pressure resistant resin pipe 20 are respectively arranged at two sides of the pressure chamber 8, the bottoms of the organic glass transparent pressure pipes 14 and 21 are respectively communicated with two ends of the spiral drainage groove 13, and the bottom and the top of the organic glass transparent pressure pipe 21 at one side are respectively connected with the bubble scouring system; the bubble scouring system comprises an organic glass sleeve 23 and a piston 24, the right side of the organic glass sleeve 23 is connected with the body-changing tubes 15 and 22 and the spiral drainage groove 13 at the bottom of the argil plate through a high-pressure-resistant resin tube 20, and the left side of the organic glass sleeve 23 is connected with the organic glass transparent pressure tubes 14 and 21 through the high-pressure-resistant resin tube 20. The bubble scouring system can scour the bubbles gathered at the bottom of the argil plate under the condition of not unloading the water pressure at the bottom of the argil plate, so that the accurate measurement of the water absorption and discharge amount of the sample is realized; the unsaturated soil consolidation and humidification deformation measurement test device capable of accurately measuring the water absorption and drainage amount of the sample applies a vertical load to the upper part of a cutting ring sample 4 through a pressure transmission plate 7, accurately controls the matrix suction force of the soil sample through a water absorption and drainage amount test and air pressure and water pressure control system, gradually humidifies the soil sample by gradually reducing the matrix suction force under the condition that the upper load is kept constant, and measures the humidification deformation and the saturation change of the soil under different humidification degrees by using the same sample; meanwhile, the unsaturated soil consolidation and humidification deformation measuring test device capable of accurately measuring the water absorption and drainage amount of the sample can increase the vertical load step by step under the condition of keeping the substrate suction unchanged, and measure the consolidation deformation and saturation change of the unsaturated soil under the condition of certain substrate suction. The bottom of the pressure pipes 14, 21 is actually communicated with the high-pressure resistant resin pipe (20) through the variable volume pipes 15, 22. The variable body pipes 15 and 22 are responsible for measuring the water suction and discharge amount and transmitting the water pressure (the gray filling in the pipes represents water), so the variable body pipes 15 and 22 can belong to a water suction and discharge amount testing system and a bottom water pressure control system.
The stainless steel cutting ring 3 is sleeved on the periphery of the cutting ring sample 4, and the inner diameter of the stainless steel cutting ring 3 is the same as that of the cutting ring sample 4; the stainless steel cutting ring 3 is embedded in the pressure chamber base 1 and used for limiting the lateral deformation of the cutting ring sample 4.
The pressure chamber base 1 is engraved with a spiral drainage groove 13, and the spiral drainage groove 13 is connected with the body transformer pipes 15 and 22 and the right side of an organic glass sleeve 23.
The body-changing tube 15 and the body-changing tube 22 are respectively arranged in the plexiglas pressure tube 14 and the plexiglas pressure tube 21; the upper parts of the body changing tubes 15 and 22 are opened and are communicated with the organic glass pressure tubes 14 and 21.
The air pressure is converted into water pressure by the organic glass pressure pipes 14 and 21 and is applied to the bottom of the argil plate 2.
Two ends of the organic glass sleeve 23 are sealed, the right side of the organic glass sleeve is connected with the body-changing pipe 22 and the spiral drainage groove 13, and the left side of the organic glass sleeve is connected with the organic glass pressure pipes 14 and 21; a piston 24 is arranged in the organic glass sleeve, the outer diameter of the piston 24 is the same as the inner diameter of the organic glass sleeve 23, and a sealing ring 25 is embedded on the periphery of the piston 24, so that water and gas separation on the left side and the right side of the organic glass sleeve 23 is realized.
The left side and the right side of the organic glass sleeve 23 are equal in pressure, water and air in the spiral drainage groove flow through the push-pull piston 24, air bubbles are discharged into the body changing pipes 15 and 22 when flowing through the bottoms of the body changing pipes 15 and 22, and the air bubbles gathered at the bottom of the argil plate 2 are flushed without unloading water pressure.
The side walls of the body-changing pipes 15 and 22 are provided with scales, so that the height of the water level in the body-changing pipes can be conveniently read, and the water absorption and drainage quantity of a sample can be measured.
The unsaturated soil consolidation and humidification deformation measurement test device capable of accurately measuring the water absorption and drainage amount of the sample can realize the following functions, including the humidification deformation and saturation change of the soil body under different humidification degrees by using the same sample, and the compression deformation characteristic and saturation change of the soil body under the condition of measuring the suction force of a certain specific matrix:
(1) under the condition of keeping the vertical load constant, gradually humidifying a soil body sample by reducing the suction force of a matrix step by step, measuring the water absorption capacity of the sample in the humidifying process through a water absorption and drainage capacity test and an air pressure and water pressure control system, and realizing the determination of the humidifying deformation and the saturation change of the soil body under different humidifying degrees by using the same sample;
(2) the suction and drainage amount test and the air pressure and water pressure control system are used for controlling the matrix suction, increasing the vertical load step by step under the condition of constant matrix suction, measuring the compression deformation of the soil body and the drainage amount of the sample under the condition of certain matrix suction, and obtaining indexes such as the compression index and the rebound index of the soil body under the condition of specific matrix suction and the saturation change of the sample in the consolidation process.
The use method of the unsaturated soil consolidation and humidification deformation measurement test device capable of accurately measuring the water absorption and drainage quantity of the sample for measuring the humidification deformation and the saturation change of the soil body under different humidification degrees comprises the following steps:
step 1, injecting airless water into the variable pipes 15 and 22 and the spiral drainage groove 13, adjusting the pressure regulating valve 17 until the reading of the pressure gauge 16 is 10-20 kPa, keeping the pressure unchanged, and standing for 48 hours to saturate the clay plate;
step 2, adjusting a pressure regulating valve 17 to relieve pressure, wiping off redundant water on the surface of the argil plate 2 by using a wet towel, sequentially placing a cutting ring sample 4, filter paper 5 and permeable stone 6 on the upper part of the argil plate 2, placing a pressure transmitting plate 7 on the upper part of the permeable stone 6, sequentially installing an organic glass cylindrical sealing cylinder 9 and a cover plate 10, and tightly contacting a loading rod 11 with the pressure transmitting plate 7;
step 3, adjusting pressure regulating valves 17 and 19, applying preset substrate suction to the sample, wherein the reading difference value of a pressure gauge 18 and a pressure gauge 16 is the substrate suction applied to the sample, and then keeping the substrate suction unchanged until the substrate suction in the sample is balanced;
step 4, mounting the dial indicator 12 on the pressure transmission rod 11, contacting a telescopic indicator needle of the dial indicator 12 with the cover plate 10, zeroing the indicator needle of the dial indicator 12, starting the vertical loading device to apply a preset load to the sample, recording the reading of the dial indicator 12, pushing and pulling the piston 24 to flush the bubbles gathered at the bottom of the pottery clay plate 2 after the reading is stable, recording the readings of the body variable tubes 15 and 22 after the flushing is finished, and then performing a humidifying deformation test;
5, adjusting a pressure regulating valve 19, reducing the matrix suction force of the sample to a preset value, recording the reading of the dial indicator 12 until the reading is kept stable, then pushing and pulling a piston 24 to wash the bubbles gathered at the bottom of the pottery clay plate 2, and recording the reading of the variable pipes 15 and 22 of the recording body after the washing is finished;
step 6, repeating the step 5, and reducing the substrate suction step by step until the substrate is humidified and deformed stably under the lowest substrate suction;
and 7, processing the test result, calculating the deformation and saturation of the soil body under different substrate suction conditions according to the deformation and water absorption of the sample, and measuring the wetting deformation and saturation change of the soil body under different wetting degrees.
The use method of the unsaturated soil consolidation and humidification deformation measurement test device capable of accurately measuring the water absorption and drainage quantity of the sample for measuring the compression deformation characteristic and the saturation change of the soil body under a certain specific substrate suction condition comprises the following steps:
step 1, injecting airless water into the variable pipes 15 and 22 and the spiral drainage groove 13, adjusting the pressure regulating valve 17 until the reading of the pressure gauge 16 is 10-20 kPa, keeping the pressure unchanged, and standing for 48 hours to saturate the clay plate;
step 2, adjusting a pressure regulating valve 17 to relieve pressure, wiping off redundant water on the surface of the argil plate 2 by using a wet towel, sequentially placing a cutting ring sample 4, filter paper 5 and permeable stone 6 on the upper part of the argil plate 2, placing a pressure transmitting plate 7 on the upper part of the permeable stone 6, sequentially installing an organic glass cylindrical sealing cylinder 9 and a cover plate 10, and tightly contacting a loading rod 11 with the pressure transmitting plate 7;
step 3, adjusting pressure regulating valves 17 and 19, applying preset substrate suction to the sample, wherein the reading difference value of a pressure gauge 18 and a pressure gauge 16 is the substrate suction applied to the sample, and then keeping the substrate suction unchanged until the substrate suction in the sample is balanced; step 4, mounting the dial indicator 12 on the pressure transmission rod 11, contacting a telescopic indicator needle of the dial indicator 12 with the cover plate 10, zeroing the indicator needle of the dial indicator 12, starting the vertical loading device to apply a preset load to the sample, recording the reading of the dial indicator 12, pushing and pulling the piston 24 to flush the bubbles gathered at the bottom of the pottery clay plate 2 after the reading is stable, and recording the readings of the variable body pipes 15 and 22 after the flushing is finished;
step 5, applying preset loads step by step, recording readings of the dial indicator 12, pushing and pulling the piston 24 to flush air bubbles gathered at the bottom of the pottery clay plate 2 after the readings of each step of loads are stable, recording the readings of the variable pipes 15 and 22 of the body after the flushing is finished, and then applying next step of loads;
and 6, processing the test result after the last stage of load consolidation is stable, calculating the deformation and saturation variation of the sample, drawing a consolidation curve and a saturation variation curve, and obtaining the compression deformation characteristic of the soil body under the condition of certain stage of matrix suction and the saturation variation in the consolidation process.
Claims (10)
1. A unsaturated soil consolidation and humidification deformation measurement test device capable of accurately measuring the water absorption and drainage amount of a sample is characterized by comprising a pressure chamber (8), a loading system, a dial gauge (12), a bubble scouring system, a water absorption and drainage amount test and an air pressure and water pressure control system; the pressure chamber consists of a base (1), an organic glass cylindrical sealing cylinder (9) and a cover plate (10); the device is characterized in that a spiral drainage groove (13) is carved on the base (1), a high-air-intake-value argil plate (2) is inlaid at the upper part of the spiral drainage groove (13), a cutting ring sample (4), filter paper (5), a permeable stone (6) and a pressure transmission plate (7) are sequentially placed at the upper part of the high-air-intake-value argil plate (2), the upper part of the pressure transmission plate (7) is connected with a vertical loading rod (11), the loading rod (11) is externally connected with a vertical loading system, and a dial indicator (12) is installed on the loading rod (11); the water suction and drainage quantity test and air pressure water pressure control system consists of a water suction and drainage quantity test system, an upper air pressure control system and a bottom water pressure control system, wherein the water suction and drainage quantity test system consists of body change pipes (15) and (22) and is communicated with two ends of a spiral drainage groove (13) through a high-pressure resistant resin pipe (20); the upper air pressure control system consists of a high pressure resistant resin pipe (20) provided with a pressure regulating valve (19) and a pressure gauge (18), and is communicated with an air pressure source and the pressure chamber (8); the bottom water pressure control system consists of a high-pressure-resistant resin pipe (20) provided with a pressure regulating valve (17) and a pressure gauge (16), and organic glass transparent pressure pipes (14, 21), and is connected with a ventilation pressure source and a spiral drainage groove (13), wherein in the bottom water pressure control system, the bottom and the top of the organic glass transparent pressure pipe (21) on one side are respectively connected with a bubble scouring system; the bubble scouring system consists of an organic glass sleeve (23) and a piston (24), the right side of the organic glass sleeve (23) is connected with the body-changing pipes (15, 22) and the spiral drainage groove (13) at the bottom of the argil plate through a high-pressure resistant resin pipe (20), and the left side of the organic glass sleeve (23) is connected with organic glass transparent pressure pipes (14, 21) through the high-pressure resistant resin pipe (20); the bubble scouring system can scour the bubbles gathered at the bottom of the argil plate under the condition of not unloading the water pressure at the bottom of the argil plate, so that the accurate measurement of the water absorption and discharge amount of the sample is realized; the unsaturated soil consolidation and humidification deformation measurement test device capable of accurately measuring the water absorption and drainage amount of the sample applies a vertical load to the upper part of a cutting ring sample (4) through a pressure transmission plate (7), accurately controls the matrix suction force of a soil body sample through a water absorption and drainage amount test and air pressure and water pressure control system, gradually humidifies the soil body sample by gradually reducing the matrix suction force under the condition that the upper load is kept constant, and measures the humidification deformation and the saturation change of the soil body under different humidification degrees by using the same sample; meanwhile, the unsaturated soil consolidation and humidification deformation measuring test device capable of accurately measuring the water absorption and drainage amount of the sample can increase the vertical load step by step under the condition of keeping the substrate suction unchanged, and measure the consolidation deformation and saturation change of the unsaturated soil under the condition of certain substrate suction.
2. The unsaturated soil consolidation and wetting deformation measurement test device capable of accurately measuring the water absorption and drainage quantity of the sample according to claim 1, wherein a stainless steel cutting ring (3) is sleeved on the periphery of the cutting ring sample (4), and the inner diameter of the stainless steel cutting ring (3) is the same as that of the cutting ring sample (4); the stainless steel cutting ring (3) is embedded into the pressure chamber base (1) and used for limiting the lateral deformation of the cutting ring sample (4).
3. The unsaturated soil consolidation and wetting deformation measuring test device capable of accurately measuring the water absorption and drainage quantity of the test sample according to claim 1, wherein the body-changing tube (15) and the body-changing tube (22) are respectively arranged inside the organic glass pressure tube (14) and the organic glass pressure tube (21); the upper parts of the body changing tubes (15, 22) are opened and are communicated with the organic glass pressure tubes (14, 21).
4. The unsaturated soil consolidation and wetting deformation measuring test device capable of accurately measuring the water absorption and drainage quantity of the test sample according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the volume change pipes (15, 22) and the spiral drainage grooves (13) are filled with non-air water, and the air pressure is converted into the water pressure through organic glass pressure pipes (14, 21) and is applied to the bottom of the argil plate (2).
5. The unsaturated soil consolidation and wetting deformation measuring test device capable of accurately measuring the water absorption and drainage quantity of the sample according to claim 1, characterized in that the two ends of the organic glass sleeve (23) are sealed, the right side is connected with the volume change tube (22) and the spiral drainage groove (13), and the left side is connected with the organic glass pressure tubes (14, 21); a piston (24) is arranged in the organic glass sleeve, the outer diameter of the piston (24) is the same as the inner diameter of the organic glass sleeve (23), and a sealing ring (25) is embedded in the periphery of the piston (24) to realize the water and gas separation at the left side and the right side of the organic glass sleeve (23).
6. The unsaturated soil consolidation and wetting deformation measurement test device capable of accurately measuring the water absorption and drainage quantity of the sample according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that the left and right sides of the organic glass sleeve (23) have equal pressure, water and air in the spiral drainage groove are enabled to flow by pushing and pulling the piston (24), and air bubbles are discharged into the body change pipes (15, 22) when flowing through the bottoms of the body change pipes (15, 22), so that the air bubbles gathered at the bottom of the ceramic plate (2) are flushed without unloading water pressure.
7. The unsaturated soil consolidation and wetting deformation measuring test device capable of accurately measuring the water absorption and drainage amount of the sample according to claim 4, wherein the side wall of the variable volume pipe (15, 22) is graduated for reading the water level height in the variable volume pipe to measure the water absorption and drainage amount of the sample.
8. The use of the unsaturated soil consolidation and wetting deformation measurement test device capable of accurately measuring the water absorption and displacement of the sample as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 7, which comprises the steps of using the same sample to measure the wetting deformation and saturation change of the soil body under different wetting degrees, and measuring the compression deformation characteristic and saturation change of the soil body under a specific substrate suction condition:
(1) under the condition of keeping the vertical load constant, gradually humidifying a soil body sample by reducing the suction force of a matrix step by step, measuring the water absorption capacity of the sample in the humidifying process through a water absorption and drainage capacity test and an air pressure and water pressure control system, and realizing the determination of the humidifying deformation and the saturation change of the soil body under different humidifying degrees by using the same sample;
(2) the suction and drainage amount test and the air pressure and water pressure control system are used for controlling the matrix suction, increasing the vertical load step by step under the condition of constant matrix suction, measuring the compression deformation of the soil body and the drainage amount of the sample under the condition of certain matrix suction, and obtaining the compression index and the rebound index of the soil body under the condition of specific matrix suction and the saturation change of the sample in the consolidation process.
9. The use method of the unsaturated soil consolidation and wetting deformation measurement test device capable of accurately measuring the water absorption and drainage quantity of the sample as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8 for measuring the wetting deformation and saturation change of the soil body under different wetting degrees is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, injecting airless water into the variable pipes (15, 22) and the spiral drainage groove (13), adjusting a pressure regulating valve (17) until the reading of a pressure gauge (16) is 10-20 kPa, keeping the pressure unchanged, and standing for 48 hours to saturate the argil plate;
step 2, adjusting the pressure relief valve (17) to relieve pressure, wiping off redundant water on the surface of the argil plate (2) by using a wet towel, sequentially placing a cutting ring sample (4), filter paper (5) and a permeable stone (6) on the upper part of the argil plate (2), placing a pressure transmitting plate (7) on the upper part of the permeable stone (6), sequentially installing an organic glass cylindrical sealing cylinder (9) and a cover plate (10), and tightly contacting a loading rod (11) with the pressure transmitting plate (7);
step 3, adjusting pressure regulating valves (17) and (19), applying preset substrate suction force to the sample, wherein the reading difference value of a pressure gauge (18) and a pressure gauge (16) is the substrate suction force applied to the sample, and then keeping the substrate suction force unchanged until the substrate suction force in the sample is balanced;
step 4, installing a dial indicator (12) on a pressure transmission rod (11), enabling a telescopic indicator needle of the dial indicator (12) to be in contact with a cover plate (10), zeroing the indicator needle of the dial indicator (12), starting a vertical loading device to apply a preset load to a sample, recording the reading of the dial indicator (12), pushing and pulling a piston (24) to scour bubbles gathered at the bottom of a pottery clay plate (2) after the reading is stable, recording the readings of variable pipes (15 and 22) of a recording body after the scouring is finished, and then performing a humidifying deformation test;
5, adjusting a pressure regulating valve (19), reducing the matrix suction force of the sample to a preset value, recording the reading of a dial indicator (12) until the reading is kept stable, then pushing and pulling a piston (24) to wash the bubbles gathered at the bottom of the pottery clay plate (2), and recording the reading of the body variable pipes (15 and 22) after the washing is finished;
step 6, repeating the step 5, and reducing the substrate suction step by step until the substrate is humidified and deformed stably under the lowest substrate suction;
and 7, processing the test result, calculating the deformation and saturation of the soil body under different substrate suction conditions according to the deformation and water absorption of the sample, and measuring the wetting deformation and saturation change of the soil body under different wetting degrees.
10. The use of the unsaturated soil consolidation and wetting deformation test device capable of accurately measuring the water absorption and displacement of the sample according to any one of claims 1 to 8 for measuring the compression deformation characteristic and the saturation change of the soil body under a specific substrate suction condition is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, injecting airless water into the variable pipes (15, 22) and the spiral drainage groove (13), adjusting a pressure regulating valve (17) until the reading of a pressure gauge (16) is 10-20 kPa, keeping the pressure unchanged, and standing for 48 hours to saturate the argil plate;
step 2, adjusting the pressure relief valve (17) to relieve pressure, wiping off redundant water on the surface of the argil plate (2) by using a wet towel, sequentially placing a cutting ring sample (4), filter paper (5) and a permeable stone (6) on the upper part of the argil plate (2), placing a pressure transmitting plate (7) on the upper part of the permeable stone (6), sequentially installing an organic glass cylindrical sealing cylinder (9) and a cover plate (10), and tightly contacting a loading rod (11) with the pressure transmitting plate (7);
step 3, adjusting pressure regulating valves (17) and (19), applying preset substrate suction force to the sample, wherein the reading difference value of a pressure gauge (18) and a pressure gauge (16) is the substrate suction force applied to the sample, and then keeping the substrate suction force unchanged until the substrate suction force in the sample is balanced;
step 4, installing a dial indicator (12) on a pressure transmission rod (11), enabling a telescopic indicator needle of the dial indicator (12) to be in contact with a cover plate (10), zeroing the indicator needle of the dial indicator (12), starting a vertical loading device to apply a preset load to a sample, recording the reading of the dial indicator (12), pushing and pulling a piston (24) to flush the bubbles gathered at the bottom of the pottery clay plate (2) after the reading is stable, and recording the reading of the variable volume tubes (15 and 22) after the flushing is finished;
step 5, applying preset loads step by step, recording readings of the dial indicator (12), pushing and pulling the piston (24) to flush air bubbles gathered at the bottom of the pottery clay plate (2) after the readings of each step of loads are stable, recording the readings of the variable pipes (15 and 22) of the body after the flushing is finished, and then applying next step of loads;
and 6, processing the test result after the last stage of load consolidation is stable, calculating the deformation and saturation variation of the sample, drawing a consolidation curve and a saturation variation curve, and obtaining the compression deformation characteristic of the soil body under the condition of certain stage of matrix suction and the saturation variation in the consolidation process.
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