CN108680480A - A kind of unsaturation coarse-grained soil permeameter and its test method - Google Patents
A kind of unsaturation coarse-grained soil permeameter and its test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN108680480A CN108680480A CN201810349969.8A CN201810349969A CN108680480A CN 108680480 A CN108680480 A CN 108680480A CN 201810349969 A CN201810349969 A CN 201810349969A CN 108680480 A CN108680480 A CN 108680480A
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000008232 de-aerated water Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of unsaturation coarse-grained soil permeameter and its test method, wherein permeameter is formed by sealing room, compression system and measuring system.Sealing room, compression system are connected by gas-guide tube with aqueduct between measuring system.Sealing room is made of mistress and interior room, and interior room above and below is respectively provided with ceramic wafer, and interior room side wall is uniformly distributed aperture.Compression system includes air compressor, filtering flask, pressure regulator valve and forcing pipe.Measuring system includes measuring table, amesdial, barometer, measurement pipe and water tank.The principle that this method is translated based on axis obtains the soil-water characteristic curve and Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity of sample by measuring water suction of the coarse-grained soil specimen under different suction, displacement.Compared with prior art, the measurement of the soil-water characteristic curve and Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity of coarse-grained soil can be achieved in the present invention, and measurement object can be all sands, can also be gravelly soil, silt and mixing soil materials.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Geotechnical Engineering fields, and in particular to a kind of unsaturation coarse-grained soil permeameter and method.
Background technology
Unsaturated soil is widely distributed, and the ground surface soil being closely connected with engineering practice is nearly all unsaturated soil.It is classical
Saturation principles of soil mechanics and concept not fully meet the practical character of unsaturated soil, saturated soil power is used in engineering design
Method can cause to design overly conservative or safety coefficient too low.Therefore by the engineering forces for studying the soil body under unsaturated state
The trend that property is Development of Soil Mechanics is learned, unsaturated soils theory theory is applied to the needs that Practical Project is engineering practice.
Coarse-grained soil is relatively conventional in engineer application, such as banketing for embankment and artificial dam.With kaolin, loess and red
Soil is compared, and the determination of coarse-grained soil unsaturation nature parameters has certain difficulty, includes mainly：Coarse-grained soil particle size range is wide, has
Unsaturation permeameter internal diameter be mostly 3.9~10.0cm, experiment demand cannot be met；When coarse-grained soil sticky content is less,
Air-entry value is smaller, to determine its air-entry value, needs test apparatus that can control small range of suction.Though can be controlled using earth pillar method
Smaller suction and the needs for meeting larger interior diameter, but it is more difficult to measure disengaging water.Though sensor is added (such as in earth pillar method
TDR sensors, pore pressure meter and tensometer or hygrometer) precision of moisture measurement can be increased, but can measure the range of suction
It is limited by height of instrument, is no more than 10kPa more.
Invention content
It is an object of the present invention to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and provide one kind can be used for measuring slightly
The unsaturation coarse-grained soil permeameter and its application process of grain native soil―structure interaction and Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions：A kind of unsaturation coarse-grained soil permeameter, feature
It is, including sealing room, compression system and measuring system；
The sealing room includes mistress (1) and interior room (2), and interior room (2) is placed in mistress (1), and mistress (1) passes through gas-guide tube
(8) it is connected with compression system, interior room (2) is connected by aqueduct (9) with compression system；
The compression system includes air compressor (3), filtering flask (4), pressure regulator valve (5), forcing pipe (6) and valve (7),
The air compressor (3) is separately connected mistress (1) and forcing pipe (6) by gas-guide tube (8) after filtering flask (4)；
The measuring system includes measuring table (10), amesdial (11), barometer (12), measurement pipe (13) and water tank
(14), in the measuring table (10) multiple parallel connection of setting measurement pipe (13), each measurement pipe (13) by aqueduct (9) and
Forcing pipe (6) is connected, described amesdial (11) setting on sealing room, the barometer (12) by gas-guide tube (8) with
Compression system is connected, and water tank (14) is connected by aqueduct (9) with forcing pipe (6) and measurement pipe (13).
The mistress (1) is made of head cover (15), outer sleeve (16) and pedestal (17), is sealed with O-ring (18)；
The interior room (2) is made of inner sleeve (22), loading disc (21) and chassis (23), is sealed by O-ring (18).
Described inner sleeve (22) side wall is evenly distributed with aperture, can apply uniform air pressure in sample side wall；It is described to add
Ceramic wafer (24) is housed, ceramic wafer (24) is connected with aqueduct (9), and controllable suction simultaneously carries out on load plate (21) and chassis (23)
Two-sided draining.
Load bar (19) is installed on the head cover (15), for applying required stress to coarse-grained soil；During experiment,
Load bar (19) and loading disc (21) are vertically movable and keep sealing, and sample is measured under different suction using amesdial (11)
Volume change realizes the measurement of saturation degree accurately calculated and saturation degree influences void ratio.
The forcing pipe (6) includes upper forcing pipe (61) and lower forcing pipe (62), passes through aqueduct (9) and load respectively
Disk (21) is connected with chassis (23).
Described forcing pipe (6) internal diameter is 5cm, and hydraulic pressure is constant during Control experiment, and measurement pipe (13) internal diameter is
0.4 times of forcing pipe (6) internal diameter accurately measures the variation of water in forcing pipe during testing.
The pressure regulator valve (5) includes the first pressure regulator valve (51) and the second pressure regulator valve (52), first pressure regulator valve
(51) on gas-guide tube (8) of the setting between air compressor (3) and sealing room, second pressure regulator valve (52) is arranged in sky
On gas-guide tube (8) between air compressor (3) and forcing pipe (6), adjusts the first pressure regulator valve (51) and realize sealing room pressure
Control；It adjusts the second pressure regulator valve (52) and applies air pressure to the interior water of forcing pipe (6), realize the control of hydraulic pressure on sample；Adjust pressurization
(6) interior water level is managed, realizes that hydraulic pressure accurately controls on sample.
Connect forcing pipe (6) and the aqueduct (9) of interior room (2) and be equipped with load valve (71), connection measurement pipe (13) with
The aqueduct (9) of forcing pipe (6), which is equipped with, measures valve (72), when measuring water variation, closes forcing pipe (6) and is connected with sample
Load valve (71), open measurement pipe (13) measurement valve (72) for being connected to forcing pipe (6), make the water level of forcing pipe (6)
It is restored to initial water level, reads the variation of measurement pipe (13) interior water level.
The method tested using above-mentioned unsaturation coarse-grained soil permeameter, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
Step 1：The lubricating grease of waterproof is coated in chassis (23), is mounted in the slot of pedestal (17), loading disc (21) is put
Enter to seal in room, de aerated water is added, water is made to cover loading disc (21), installs sealing room；By air compressor (3) to sealing
Indoor addition air pressure opens load valve (71) and measures valve (72), makes the gas in the indoor water of sealing and ceramic wafer (24)
Body is discharged into along aqueduct (9) in forcing pipe (6), waits for that ceramic wafer (24) is fully saturated, all bubbles in aqueduct (9) are drained into
In forcing pipe (6), air pressure is reduced to 0kPa, closes all valves, opens the head cover (15) of sealing room, it is indoor extra that sealing is sucked out
De aerated water, take out loading disc (21), and loading disc (21) be put into the container equipped with de aerated water, keep saturation；
Step 2：Inner sleeve (22) is installed, layering filling weighs up the unsaturated soil sample of quality simultaneously into inner sleeve (22)
So that it is uniformly distributed, sample fill after, loading disc (21) side wall painting wipe lubricating grease, be installed on above sample and with examination
Sample contacts, and reinstalls and seals room, and amesdial (11) is arranged on head cover (15), so that it is contacted with load bar (19), passes through
Compressor or counterweight add a constant load to sample；
Step 3：Pressure regulator valve (5) and forcing pipe (6) interior water level is adjusted, it is 0kPa to make the suction on sample, waits for that sample absorbs water
Stablize, after forcing pipe (6) interior water level no longer changes, measures sample water absorption or displacement with measurement pipe (13), read amesdial
(11) it reads, calculates to obtain saturation degree of sample when being saturated naturally；
Step 4：Pressure regulator valve (5) and forcing pipe (6) interior water level is adjusted, applies suction to sample, waits for sample water suction or draining
Stablize, after forcing pipe (6) interior water level no longer changes, measures sample water absorption or displacement with measurement pipe (13), read amesdial
(11) it reads, calculates to obtain saturation degree of the sample under the suction；
Step 5：Step 4 is repeated, the saturation degree under sample difference suction is measured, obtains the soil―structure interaction of sample, is surveyed
After amount, adjusts pressure regulator valve (5) and air pressure in instrument is reduced to 0kPa, close all valves (7) and compressor (3), dismantle instrument
Device takes out sample.
In step 4, sample water suction or draining stablize after, according to measure needs, keep the second pressure regulator valve (52) it is constant, adjust
Water level in upper forcing pipe (6) forms different head differences in sample upper and lower surface, measures the displacement of sample in certain time
And water absorption, when displacement is identical as water absorption, it is believed that formed stable unsaturated seepage, record a period of time in sample
Interior displacement or water absorption can be calculated then according to head difference, displacement or water absorption and time under the sample saturation degree
Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity.
According to needs are measured, the water level in water tank (14) adjustment forcing pipe (6) and measurement pipe (13) is used during the test,
Realize the continuous measurement of sample saturation degree and Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity under different suction.
In step 4, when test period is longer, existing bubble is led by opening in the pipeline of pedestal (17) and chassis (23)
Water pipe (9) washes away valve (73), washes away instrument by bubble, realizes sample water suction, the accurate measurement of displacement.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has the following advantages：
(1) inner sleeve internal diameter of the present invention is designed as 16cm, can carry out two-sided draining, realizes the shortening the time required to experiment,
It solves the problems, such as that existing unsaturated soil permeameter can only carry out small size sample experiment, meets and carry out large dimension specimen experiment
Demand.
(2) present invention uses whole translation method controlled suction, when saturated sample, adjusts the water level of pressure regulator valve and forcing pipe, makes
Air pressure on sample is identical with hydraulic pressure, i.e., suction is 0kPa, while the air pressure in outer sleeve being made to be more than 0kPa, then absorbs water in sample
During saturation, water and soil particle will not be flowed out from the aperture of inner sleeve, influence the measurement of nature saturation degree.
(3) present invention is combined using two methods of pressure regulation valve regulation and water level regulation, and measurable suction force range is 0.1
~1500kPa, and small range of suction is can control, it is lower not to solve existing unsaturated soil permeameter suction control accuracy
Foot meets the needs for measuring coarse-grained soil soil―structure interaction precision.
(4) present invention can adjust the water level in forcing pipe and measurement pipe during the test, realize sample under different suction
The continuous measurement of saturation degree and Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity, the time required to shortening experiment.
(5) measurement object of the invention can be all sands, can also be gravelly soil, silt and mixing soil materials, in work
There is general applicability in journey and scientific research.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of permeameter of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the sealing room schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 a are the inner sleeve schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 3 b are the inner sleeve diagrammatic cross-section of the present invention；
Fig. 4 a are the measuring table schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 4 b are the measuring table side view of the present invention；
In figure, 1 is mistress, and 2 be interior room, and 3 be air compressor, and 4 be filtering flask, and 5 be pressure regulator valve, and 6 be forcing pipe, and 7 are
Valve, 8 be gas-guide tube, and 9 be aqueduct, and 10 be measuring table, and 11 be amesdial, and 12 be air gauge, and 13 be measurement pipe, and 14 be water
Case, 15 be head cover, and 16 be outer sleeve, and 17 be pedestal, and 18 be O-ring, and 19 be load bar, and 21 be loading disc, and 22 be inner sleeve, 23
For chassis, 24 be ceramic wafer, and 51 be the first pressure regulator valve, and 52 be the second pressure regulator valve, and 61 be upper forcing pipe, and 62 be lower forcing pipe, 71
To load valve, 72 is measure valve, and 73 be to wash away valve.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention is described in detail with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.The present embodiment is with technical solution of the present invention
Premised on implemented, give detailed embodiment and specific operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to
Following embodiments.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, the present embodiment unsaturation coarse-grained soil permeameter, by mistress 1, interior room 2, air compressor 3, filtering flask
4, pressure regulator valve 5 (including the first pressure regulator valve 51 and second pressure regulator valve 52), forcing pipe 6 (including upper forcing pipe and lower forcing pipe), valve
Door 7, gas-guide tube 8, aqueduct 9, measuring table 10, amesdial 11, air gauge 12, measurement pipe 13, water tank 14 form.
As shown in Fig. 2, sealing room is made of mistress 1 and interior room 2；O-ring 18 is used between head cover 15, outer sleeve 16 and pedestal 17
Sealing forms mistress 1；Load bar 19 is installed on head cover 15, and is communicated with gas-guide tube 8, air compression is connected by gas-guide tube 8
Machine 3 is used for 1 filling gas of mistress；Pedestal 17 is connected to aqueduct 9；Inner sleeve 22 is secured by bolts in pedestal 17, with load
21, it is sealed by O-ring 18 between chassis 23, interior room 2 is formed, for putting sample；As shown in Figure 3 a-3b, 22 side wall of inner sleeve is equal
It is even that aperture is distributed with；Equipped with ceramics 24 on loading disc 21 and chassis 23, ceramic wafer 24 is connected with aqueduct 9.
As shown in Figure 1, compression system is by air compressor 3, filtering flask 4, pressure regulator valve 5, forcing pipe 6, valve 7, gas-guide tube 8
It connects and forms with aqueduct 9.Air compressor 3 connects filtering flask 4 by gas-guide tube 8, is then divided into two-way in parallel, connects all the way
Mistress 1 is met, and the first pressure regulator valve 51 is set on connecting line, another way connects the forcing pipe 6 and measurement pipe 13 of multigroup parallel connection,
And the second pressure regulator valve 52 is set on connecting line, forcing pipe 6 includes upper forcing pipe 61, lower forcing pipe 62, as shown in figure 4, on
Forcing pipe 61 and a measurement pipe 13 form one group, and lower forcing pipe 62 and a measurement pipe form one group, and two groups in parallel, and top connects
Gas-guide tube 8 is connect, bottom connects aqueduct 9, and load valve 71 is equipped on aqueduct 9 of the connection forcing pipe 6 with interior room 2, even
The aqueduct 9 for connecing measurement pipe 13 and forcing pipe 6 is equipped with measurement valve 72, when measuring water variation, closes forcing pipe 6 and sample
Connected load valve 71 opens the measurement valve 72 that measurement pipe 13 is connected to forcing pipe 6, the water level of forcing pipe 6 is made to be restored to
Initial water level reads the variation of water level in measurement pipe 13.
It when being tested, is provided by air compressor 3 and stablizes air source, first by gas-guide tube 8 by filter flask 4, then pass through the
One pressure regulator valve 51 is connected to sealing room, upper forcing pipe 61 and lower 62 top of forcing pipe is connected to by the second pressure regulator valve 52；It adjusts
First pressure regulator valve 51 can realize the control of sealing room pressure；61 lower part of upper forcing pipe is connected to loading disc 21 by aqueduct 9；
Lower 62 lower part of forcing pipe is connected to chassis 23 by aqueduct 9.Gas can be applied by water into forcing pipe 6 by adjusting the second pressure regulator valve 52
Pressure realizes the control of hydraulic pressure on sample；Water level in forcing pipe 6 is adjusted, it can be achieved that hydraulic pressure accurately controls on sample；Pressure regulator valve tune
The combination of two methods of section and water level regulation can control small range of suction, meets and measures coarse-grained soil soil―structure interaction essence
The needs of degree.
Measuring system is made of measuring table 10, amesdial 11, barometer 12, measurement pipe 13 and water tank 14.Such as Fig. 4 a-4b
Shown, measuring table 10 is tablet stand made of a welded steel.Amesdial 11 is fixed on head cover 15, is connect with load bar 3
It touches；Other measuring apparatus are screwed respectively on the tablet of measuring table 10, while pressure regulator valve 5 and valve 7 are also fixed
In on the tablet of measuring table；Measurement pipe 13 connects upper forcing pipe 61 and lower forcing pipe 62 by aqueduct 9；Water tank 14 is by leading
Water pipe 9 is connected with forcing pipe 6, measurement pipe 13.
Using above-mentioned unsaturation coarse-grained soil permeameter test method, include the following steps：
Step 1：The lubricating grease of waterproof is coated on chassis 23, is mounted in the slot of pedestal 17.Loading disc 21 is put into sealing
In room, de aerated water is added, water is made to cover loading disc 21, installs sealing room.The first pressure regulator valve 21 is adjusted, to the indoor addition of sealing
Air pressure opens load valve 71 and measures valve 72, the gas in the indoor water of sealing and ceramic wafer 24 is made to be discharged into along aqueduct 9
In forcing pipe 6.It waits for that ceramic wafer 24 is not then exhausted from bubble, it is fully saturated to be considered as ceramic wafer 24.By all bubbles row in aqueduct 9
Into forcing pipe 6, air pressure is reduced to 0kPa, closes all valves, opens the head cover 15 of sealing room, it is indoor extra that sealing is sucked out
De aerated water takes out loading disc 21, and loading disc 21 is put into the container equipped with de aerated water, keeps saturation.
Step 2：Make the unsaturation soil sample of certain moisture content.Inner sleeve 22 is installed, filling is layered into inner sleeve 22
It weighs up the soil sample of quality and it is made to be uniformly distributed.After sample is filled, lubricating grease is wiped in the painting of 21 side wall of loading disc, is installed on
Above sample and and sample contacts.It reinstalls and seals room, amesdial 11 is set on head cover 15, it is made to be connect with load bar 19
It touches.One constant load is added to sample by compressor or counterweight.
Step 3：Water level in pressure regulator valve 5 and forcing pipe 6 is adjusted, it is 0kPa to make the suction on sample, waits for that sample water suction is stablized,
After water level no longer changes in forcing pipe 6, sample water absorption or displacement are measured with measurement pipe 13, amesdial 11 is read and reads, meter
Calculate to obtain saturation degree of sample when being saturated naturally.
Step 4：Water level in pressure regulator valve 5 and forcing pipe 6 is adjusted, applies suction to sample, waits for that sample water suction or draining are stablized,
After water level no longer changes in forcing pipe 6, sample water absorption or displacement are measured with measurement pipe 13, amesdial 11 is read and reads, meter
Calculate to obtain saturation degree of the sample under the suction.
After sample water suction or draining are stablized, according to needs are measured, keep the second pressure regulator valve 52 constant, forcing pipe in adjusting
61, the water level in lower forcing pipe 62 can form different head differences in sample upper and lower surface.Measure the row of sample in certain time
Water and water absorption, when displacement is identical as water absorption, it is believed that formed stable unsaturated seepage in sample.One section of record
The sample saturation can be calculated then according to head difference, displacement (water absorption) and time in displacement (water absorption) in time
Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity under degree.
When test period is longer, there may be bubbles in the pipeline on pedestal 17 and chassis 23, can open washing away for aqueduct 9
Bubble is washed away instrument by valve 73, realizes sample water suction, the accurate measurement of displacement.
According to needs are measured, water tank 14 can be used to adjust the water level in forcing pipe 6 and measurement pipe 13 during the test, realized
The continuous measurement of sample saturation degree and Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity under different suction.
Step 5：Step 4 is repeated, the saturation degree under sample difference suction is measured, obtains the soil―structure interaction of sample.It surveys
After amount, adjusts pressure regulator valve 5 and air pressure in instrument is reduced to 0kPa, close all valves 7 and compressor 3, dismantle instrument, take out
Sample.
The content that this specification is not described in detail belongs to the prior art well known to professional and technical personnel in the field.
Claims (12)
1. a kind of unsaturation coarse-grained soil permeameter, which is characterized in that including sealing room, compression system and measuring system；
The sealing room includes mistress (1) and interior room (2), and interior room (2) is placed in mistress (1), and mistress (1) passes through gas-guide tube (8)
It is connected with compression system, interior room (2) is connected by aqueduct (9) with compression system；
The compression system includes air compressor (3), filtering flask (4), pressure regulator valve (5), forcing pipe (6) and valve (7), described
Air compressor (3) mistress (1) and forcing pipe (6) are separately connected after filtering flask (4) by gas-guide tube (8)；
The measuring system includes measuring table (10), amesdial (11), barometer (12), measurement pipe (13) and water tank (14),
The measurement pipe (13) of the multiple parallel connections of setting, each measurement pipe (13) pass through aqueduct (9) and pressurization in the measuring table (10)
It manages (6) to be connected, on sealing room, the barometer (12) passes through gas-guide tube (8) and pressurization for the amesdial (11) setting
System is connected, and water tank (14) is connected by aqueduct (9) with forcing pipe (6) and measurement pipe (13).
2. a kind of unsaturation coarse-grained soil permeameter according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the mistress (1) is by pushing up
It covers (15), outer sleeve (16) and pedestal (17) to form, be sealed with O-ring (18)；
The interior room (2) is made of inner sleeve (22), loading disc (21) and chassis (23), is sealed by O-ring (18).
3. a kind of unsaturation coarse-grained soil permeameter according to claim 2, which is characterized in that described inner sleeve (22) side
Wall is evenly distributed with aperture, can apply uniform air pressure in sample side wall；Equipped with pottery on the loading disc (21) and chassis (23)
Porcelain plate (24), ceramic wafer (24) are connected with aqueduct (9), can be used for controlled suction and carry out two-sided draining.
4. a kind of unsaturation coarse-grained soil permeameter according to claim 2, which is characterized in that pacify on the head cover (15)
Equipped with load bar (19), for applying required stress to coarse-grained soil；During experiment, load bar (19) and loading disc (21) are vertical
It moves and keeps sealing, volume change of the sample under different suction is measured using amesdial (11), realizes the accurate of saturation degree
The measurement that calculating and saturation degree influence void ratio.
5. a kind of unsaturation coarse-grained soil permeameter according to claim 2, which is characterized in that forcing pipe (6) packet
Forcing pipe (61) and lower forcing pipe (62) are included, is connected respectively with loading disc (21) and chassis (23) by aqueduct (9).
6. a kind of unsaturation coarse-grained soil permeameter according to claim 2, which is characterized in that in the forcing pipe (6)
Diameter is 5cm, and hydraulic pressure is constant during Control experiment, and measurement pipe (13) internal diameter is 0.4 times of forcing pipe (6) internal diameter, accurately
Measure the variation of water in forcing pipe during testing.
7. a kind of unsaturation coarse-grained soil permeameter according to claim 1, which is characterized in that pressure regulator valve (5) packet
Include the first pressure regulator valve (51) and the second pressure regulator valve (52), first pressure regulator valve (51) setting air compressor (3) with it is close
It seals on the gas-guide tube (8) between room, second pressure regulator valve (52) is arranged between air compressor (3) and forcing pipe (6)
Gas-guide tube (8) on；The control that the first pressure regulator valve (51) realizes sealing room pressure is adjusted, adjusts the second pressure regulator valve (52) to adding
The interior water of pressure pipe (6) applies air pressure, realizes the control of hydraulic pressure on sample；Forcing pipe (6) interior water level is adjusted, realizes hydraulic pressure on sample
It accurately controls.
8. a kind of unsaturation coarse-grained soil permeameter according to claim 1, which is characterized in that connection forcing pipe (6) with it is interior
The aqueduct (9) of room (2) is equipped with load valve (71), and connection measurement pipe (13) and the aqueduct (9) of forcing pipe (6) are equipped with
Valve (72) is measured, when measuring water variation, the load valve (71) that forcing pipe (6) is connected with sample is closed, opens measurement pipe
(13) the measurement valve (72) being connected to forcing pipe (6) makes the water level of forcing pipe (6) be restored to initial water level, reads measurement pipe
(13) variation of interior water level.
9. the method tested using unsaturation coarse-grained soil permeameter according to any one of claims 1-8, which is characterized in that
Include the following steps：
Step 1：The lubricating grease of waterproof is coated in chassis (23), is mounted in the slot of pedestal (17), loading disc (21) is put into close
It seals in room, de aerated water is added, water is made to cover loading disc (21), install sealing room；It is indoor to sealing by air compressor (3)
Air pressure is added, open load valve (71) and measures valve (72), makes the gas edge in the indoor water of sealing and ceramic wafer (24)
Aqueduct (9) is discharged into forcing pipe (6), waits for that ceramic wafer (24) is fully saturated, and all bubbles in aqueduct (9) are drained into pressurization
It manages in (6), air pressure is reduced to 0kPa, close all valves, the head cover (15) of opening sealing room is sucked out and seals indoor extra take off
Air water takes out loading disc (21), and loading disc (21) is put into the container equipped with de aerated water, keeps saturation；
Step 2：Inner sleeve (22) is installed, layering filling weighs up the unsaturated soil sample of quality and makes it into inner sleeve (22)
It is uniformly distributed, after sample is filled, wipes lubricating grease in the painting of loading disc (21) side wall, be installed on above sample and connect with sample
It touches, reinstalls and seal room, amesdial (11) is set on head cover (15), so that it is contacted with load bar (19), passes through compression
Machine or counterweight add a constant load to sample；
Step 3：Pressure regulator valve (5) and forcing pipe (6) interior water level is adjusted, it is 0kPa to make the suction on sample, waits for that sample water suction is stablized,
After forcing pipe (6) interior water level no longer changes, sample water absorption or displacement are measured with measurement pipe (13), amesdial (11) is read and reads
Number calculates to obtain saturation degree of sample when being saturated naturally；
Step 4：Pressure regulator valve (5) and forcing pipe (6) interior water level is adjusted, applies suction to sample, waits for that sample water suction or draining are stablized,
After forcing pipe (6) interior water level no longer changes, sample water absorption or displacement are measured with measurement pipe (13), amesdial (11) is read and reads
Number, calculates to obtain saturation degree of the sample under the suction；
Step 5：Step 4 is repeated, the saturation degree under sample difference suction is measured, obtains the soil―structure interaction of sample, measured
Bi Hou adjusts pressure regulator valve (5) and air pressure in instrument is reduced to 0kPa, closes all valves (7) and compressor (3), dismantle instrument, take
Go out sample.
10. unsaturation coarse-grained soil permeameter test method according to claim 9, which is characterized in that in step 4, sample
After water suction or draining are stablized, according to needs are measured, keep the second pressure regulator valve (52) constant, the water level in adjusting in forcing pipe (6),
Form different head differences in sample upper and lower surface, measure the displacement and water absorption of sample in certain time, wait for displacement with
When water absorption is identical, it is believed that stable unsaturated seepage has been formed in sample, records displacement or water absorption in a period of time,
Then according to head difference, displacement or water absorption and time, the Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity under the sample saturation degree can be calculated.
11. unsaturation coarse-grained soil permeameter test method according to claim 9, which is characterized in that according to measure needs,
The water level in water tank (14) adjustment forcing pipe (6) and measurement pipe (13) is used during the test, realizes that sample is full under different suction
With the continuous measurement of degree and Unsaturated Hydraulic Conductivity.
12. unsaturation coarse-grained soil permeameter test method according to claim 9, which is characterized in that in step 4, experiment
When time is longer, existing bubble in the pipeline of pedestal (17) and chassis (23) can wash away valve by opening aqueduct (9)
(73), bubble is washed away instrument, realizes sample water suction, the accurate measurement of displacement.
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