CN102680665B - Suction accurately controlled pressure plate instrument capable of directly saturating soil sample - Google Patents
Suction accurately controlled pressure plate instrument capable of directly saturating soil sample Download PDFInfo
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- CN102680665B CN102680665B CN201210189656.3A CN201210189656A CN102680665B CN 102680665 B CN102680665 B CN 102680665B CN 201210189656 A CN201210189656 A CN 201210189656A CN 102680665 B CN102680665 B CN 102680665B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a suction accurately controlled pressure plate instrument capable of directly saturating a soil sample. The instrument mainly comprises a pressure chamber system, a suction control system, a soil sample air exhaust saturation system, a scouring system, a water quality measuring system, an automatic data acquisition system and the like, and is characterized in that a sample preparation device is tightly contacted with a clay plate through threads, so that the sealing performance of the sample preparation device and the clay plate is ensured; the changes of suction and the water content of the soil sample are monitored and controlled in real time by combining a high-accuracy electronic pressure gauge with an electronic balance; a water storage outer chamber with an upper opening is formed, and a temperature control heating rod ensures that the temperature of an inner chamber is basically constant; water is stored in the inner chamber, and filter paper is soaked in the water, so that the air humidity of the inner chamber is basically saturated; and the inner chamber is improved and matched with a vacuum pump and a water storage tank, so that a new function of performing air exhaust saturation on the soil sample is realized. A measuring result of a soil-water characteristic curve is accurate, particularly test accuracy under the condition of low suction is improved, and a measuring method is convenient.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of device of measuring soil sample soil water characteristic curve, especially relate to a kind of accurate control type pressure plate apparatus of suction that can direct saturated soil sample.
Background technology
Soil water characteristic curve refers to the relation curve between soil suction and native water cut, saturation degree or volumetric water content.Soil water characteristic curve is the important component part of the constitutive model of unsaturated soil, can be in order to estimate intensity and the infiltration coefficient etc. of unsaturated soil, and therefore it is the parameter of key in unsaturated soil mechanics and basic content measurement.At present, measuring native native water characteristic curve is both at home and abroad generally adopt pressure plate apparatus or permeate fixed type pressure plate apparatus etc., and these pressure plate apparatus in use exist following problem:
(1) the initial saturation conditions of soil sample is difficult for realizing.Owing to having space between the sample preparation device of traditional pressure plate apparatus and pottery clay plates, the water in saturated soil sample just can be flowed out before on-test, cause after off-test, cannot utilize the accurate inverse of data of measurement to go out the water cut of soil sample under bargain-hunting power condition.
(2) bargain-hunting power condition is wayward.Tradition is only divided high and low two-stage to the control of soil suction, because infrabar section range is larger, therefore be limited to manometric precision, be difficult to the accurately actual suction value of reflection, the mensuration of the native water characteristic curve to bargain-hunting power scope has caused considerable influence, particularly the native water characteristic curve of crack soil is difficult to Accurate Determining.
(3) robotization of shortage data acquisition.Test figure needs testing crew regularly to read, and easily causes manual operation error, has affected the accuracy of data, and can not carry out Real-Time Monitoring to process of the test.
(4) suction equalization condition is difficult for judging.Because bargain-hunting power condition is wayward, and lack the Real-Time Monitoring that soil sample moisture in process of the test and suction are changed, make soil sample in process of the test be subject to the impact of suction control shakiness, cause suction equalization condition to be difficult for judging.
(5) the temperature control poor effect of pressure vessel.The temperature of pressure vessel, easily with environmental change, causes water vapor easily in the condensation of pressure vessel inwall, makes the mensuration of soil sample water cut have certain error.
(6) air saturation in pressure vessel is wayward.Soil sample non-saturated air around can make the moisture of soil sample evaporate gradually, has affected test findings.
(7) error of moisture evaporation is easily out in the cold.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned deficiency of the prior art, a kind of accurate control type pressure plate apparatus of suction that can direct saturated soil sample is provided, it is reasonable in design, easy to be easy-to-use, can make the measurement result of native water characteristic curve more accurate, and assay method is more convenient.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of accurate control type pressure plate apparatus of suction that can direct saturated soil sample, is characterized in that: comprise that bleed saturation system, flushing system, quality of pressure chamber's system, suction control system, soil sample measure system and automatic data acquisition system; Described pressure chamber system comprises base and is arranged on the top cover of described base top, and is arranged on pottery clay plates, sample preparation device and the temperature control moisturizing device on described base; Described top cover comprises fixed with top cover and common top cover, described base is made up of the upper bed-plate being connected and lower bottom base two parts, described sample preparation device is arranged on upper bed-plate, on described lower bottom base, have and wash away groove, described pottery clay plates is arranged on and washes away on groove, described flushing system with wash away the air that groove joins and diffuse out for washing away pottery clay plates, described flushing system and quality measurement system are joined, in described sample preparation device, be provided with soil sample, the quality of discharging in described soil sample and pottery clay plates Surface Contact and soil sample or sucking is measured by quality measurement system; On described upper bed-plate, have water supply and sewerage pipeline, on described top cover, have into bleeding point, described water supply and sewerage pipeline and enter bleeding point and all join with the soil sample saturation system of bleeding; Described suction control system and pressure chamber's system are joined, and described automatic data acquisition system is measured system by cable and pressure chamber's system, suction control system and quality and all joined and realize the Real-time Collection of test figure to draw native water characteristic curve.
Above-mentioned a kind of accurate control type pressure plate apparatus of suction that can direct saturated soil sample, it is characterized in that: on the outer wall of described sample preparation device, be provided with screw thread, the upper end of described sample preparation device is provided with cutting edge, described sample preparation device is fixedly connected with upper bed-plate, and the lower end of described sample preparation device is provided with an O type rubber washer.
Above-mentioned a kind of accurate control type pressure plate apparatus of suction that can direct saturated soil sample, it is characterized in that: described temperature control moisturizing device is made up of temperature control equipment and moisturizing device, described temperature control equipment comprises mistress's bucket wall and is arranged on the temperature control heating rod on mistress's bucket wall, and described moisturizing device comprises interior chamber bucket wall and is attached to the filter paper on the bucket wall inwall of interior chamber; Described mistress's bucket wall is suitable for reading to be opened wide, and the upper end of described mistress's bucket wall and the bottom surface of described top cover have distance, and described mistress's bucket wall is bolted on upper bed-plate by second, is provided with the 2nd O type rubber washer between described mistress's bucket wall and upper bed-plate.
Above-mentioned a kind of accurate control type pressure plate apparatus of suction that can direct saturated soil sample, it is characterized in that: the described soil sample saturation system of bleeding comprises aqua storage tank and vacuum pump, described aqua storage tank is communicated with water supply and sewerage pipeline by second pipe, on described aqua storage tank, post the first graduated scale changing for measuring its water level inside, the first valve is installed on described second pipe; Described vacuum pump by the first pipeline with enter bleeding point and be communicated with, pressure vacuum gauge, the second valve and the 3rd valve are installed on described the first pipeline.
Above-mentioned a kind of accurate control type pressure plate apparatus of suction that can direct saturated soil sample, is characterized in that: described suction control system comprises that pneumatic supply, air pressure regulator group and air pressure measure tensimeter group; Described air pressure regulator group is made up of septum valve, reheat control valve and low pressure modulating valve, and described amount of gas pressure measuring pressure table group is made up of high range high-precision electronic tensimeter, middle range high-precision electronic tensimeter and lower range high-precision electronic tensimeter; Described septum valve and high range high-precision electronic tensimeter are installed on the 4th pipeline, described reheat control valve and middle range high-precision electronic tensimeter are installed on the 3rd pipeline, and described low pressure modulating valve and lower range high-precision electronic tensimeter are installed on the 5th pipeline.
Above-mentioned a kind of accurate control type pressure plate apparatus of suction that can direct saturated soil sample, it is characterized in that: described flushing system comprises the first buret and the second buret, described the first buret is communicated with one end of washing away groove by the 6th pipeline, and described the second buret is communicated with the other end that washes away groove by the 7th pipeline; On described the 6th pipeline, the 11 valve and the 12 valve are installed, on described the 7th pipeline, the 13 valve, gas bottle and the 15 valve are installed, the mouth place, top of described gas bottle is provided with the 14 valve, posts the 3rd graduated scale changing for measuring its water level inside on described gas bottle.
Above-mentioned a kind of accurate control type pressure plate apparatus of suction that can direct saturated soil sample, it is characterized in that: described quality measurement system comprises water-storing bottle and is arranged on the electronic balance of water-storing bottle below, described water-storing bottle is by the 8th pipeline and the 7th pipeline communication, on described the 8th pipeline, sliding support and the 16 valve are installed, on described water-storing bottle, post the second graduated scale changing for measuring its water level inside, water level in described water-storing bottle must be more than intake-outlet, control group is proofreaied and correct in the other evaporation being provided with for revising water-storing bottle moisture evaporation error of described water-storing bottle.
Above-mentioned a kind of accurate control type pressure plate apparatus of suction that can direct saturated soil sample, it is characterized in that: the data acquisition unit that described automatic data acquisition system comprises computer and joins with computer, described high range high-precision electronic tensimeter, middle range high-precision electronic tensimeter, lower range high-precision electronic tensimeter, on electronic digital centigrade indicator and electronic balance, be equipped with FPDP, described high range high-precision electronic tensimeter, middle range high-precision electronic tensimeter, lower range high-precision electronic tensimeter, electronic digital centigrade indicator and electronic balance all join with data acquisition unit, described electronic digital centigrade indicator is arranged on described fixed with on top cover.
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages:
1, this pressure plate apparatus is reasonable in design, easy to be easy-to-use, can make the measurement result of native water characteristic curve more accurate, and assay method is more convenient.
2, adopt engage thread that sample preparation device is arranged on upper bed-plate, and between sample preparation device and steel collar, place an O type rubber washer, guarantee the sealing of the two, saturated soil sample water in sample preparation device can not be run off before on-test, thereby guaranteed the initial saturation of soil sample.
3, by three high-precision electronic tensimeters (high range high-precision electronic tensimeter, middle range high-precision electronic tensimeter, lower range high-precision electronic tensimeter) and corresponding three pressure regulator valves (high-pressure pressure regulating valve, middle pressure pressure regulator valve and low pressure regulating pressure valve) thereof to guarantee the accurate control of suction, especially improved the precision that under bargain-hunting power condition, native water characteristic curve is measured (this method can make the mensuration of native water characteristic curve of crack soil more accurate).
4, by data acquisition unit, electronic balance, electronic digital centigrade indicator, high range high-precision electronic tensimeter, middle range high-precision electronic tensimeter, lower range high-precision electronic tensimeter are all connected with computer, realize the robotization of process of the test data acquisition, the foundation of automatic data acquisition system, not only contribute to the judgement of suction equalization condition, and avoided the error of manual operation, significantly improve test accuracy.
5, the present invention has improved the test accuracy under bargain-hunting power condition, and set up automatic data acquisition system, has realized the Real-Time Monitoring that in process of the test, soil sample moisture and suction change, and therefore can accurately judge the condition of suction equalization.
6, designed unlimited water storage mistress suitable for reading (cavity being formed by mistress's bucket wall), and utilize temperature control heating rod to guarantee interior chamber (cavity being formed by interior chamber bucket wall) temperature substantially constant, and the retaining of interior chamber and filter paper guarantee that interior chamber air humidity is substantially saturated, significantly reduce the error because soil sample moisture evaporates and condensation causes.
7, coordinate vacuum pump and aqua storage tank by interior chamber, pressure plate apparatus is had can, to the soil sample saturated new function of directly bleeding, be conducive to the control of the initial saturation conditions of soil sample.
8, water-storing bottle side is provided with evaporation and proofreaies and correct control group, has reduced moisture and has evaporated the error causing.
Below by drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in further detail.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation block diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is one-piece construction schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of pressure chamber of the present invention system.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the common top cover of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the fixed structural representation with top cover of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of suction control system of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the bleed structural representation of saturation system of soil sample of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is the structural representation of flushing system of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is the structural representation that quality of the present invention is measured system.
Description of reference numerals:
1-pressure chamber system; 2-suction control system; The 3-soil sample saturation system of bleeding;
4-flushing system; 5-quality is measured system; 6-automatic data acquisition system;
7-the first pipeline; 8-the 3rd pipeline; 9-the 4th pipeline;
10-the 5th pipeline; 11-second pipe; 12-the 6th pipeline;
13-the 7th pipeline; 14-the 8th pipeline; 15-upper bed-plate;
16-lower bottom base; 17-washes away groove; 18-steel collar;
19-pottery clay plates; 20-water supply and sewerage pipeline; 21-sample preparation device;
22-data acquisition unit; 23-mistress's bucket wall; 24-temperature control heating rod;
25-soil sample; Chamber bucket wall in 26-; 27-filter paper;
The common top cover of 28-; 28-1-lid; 29-enters bleeding point;
30-vertical loading bar; 31-support; 32-electronic digital centigrade indicator;
33-piston; 34-porous plate; 35-the first bolt;
36-the second bolt; 37-the 3rd bolt; 38-the one O type rubber ring;
39-the one O type rubber washer; 40-the 2nd O type rubber washer;
41-the 2nd O type rubber ring; 42-bearing; 43-aqua storage tank;
44-the first graduated scale; 45-the first valve; 46-pressure vacuum gauge;
47-the second valve; 48-the 3rd valve; 49-vacuum pump;
50-the 4th valve; 51-saturated with vapor device; 52-the 5th valve;
53-the 6th valve; 54-the 7th valve;
55-high range high-precision electronic tensimeter; Range high-precision electronic tensimeter in 56-;
57-lower range high-precision electronic tensimeter; 58-septum valve;
59-reheat control valve; 60-low pressure modulating valve; 61-the 8th valve;
62-the 9th valve; 63-the tenth valve; 64-pneumatic supply;
65-the first buret; 66-the 11 valve; 67-the 12 valve;
68-the second buret; 69-the 13 valve; 70-gas bottle;
71-the 14 valve; 72-the 15 valve; 73-the 16 valve;
74-sliding support; 75-intake-outlet; 76-water-storing bottle;
77-electronic balance; 78-the second graduated scale; Control group is proofreaied and correct in 79-evaporation;
80-computer; 81-the 3rd graduated scale.
Embodiment
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, the present invention includes bleed saturation system 3, flushing system 4, quality of pressure chamber's system 1, suction control system 2, soil sample and measure system 5 and automatic data acquisition system 6, described pressure chamber system 1 comprises base and is arranged on the top cover of described base top, and is arranged on pottery clay plates 19, sample preparation device 21 and the temperature control moisturizing device on described base, described top cover comprises fixed with top cover and common top cover 28, described base is made up of the upper bed-plate 15 being connected and lower bottom base 16 two parts, described sample preparation device 21 is arranged on upper bed-plate 15, on described lower bottom base 16, have and wash away groove 17, described pottery clay plates 19 is arranged on and washes away on groove 17, described flushing system 4 with wash away the air that groove 17 joins and diffuse out for washing away pottery clay plates 19, described flushing system 4 is measured system 5 with quality and is joined, in described sample preparation device 21, be provided with soil sample 25, the quality of discharging or sucking in described soil sample 25 and pottery clay plates 19 Surface Contacts and soil sample 25 is measured system 5 by quality and is measured, on described upper bed-plate 15, have water supply and sewerage pipeline 20, on described top cover, have into bleeding point 29, described water supply and sewerage pipeline 20 and enter bleeding point 29 and all join with the soil sample saturation system 3 of bleeding, described suction control system 2 joins with pressure chamber's system 1, and described automatic data acquisition system 6 is measured system 5 by cable and pressure chamber's system 1, suction control system 2 and quality and all joined and realize the Real-time Collection of test figure to draw native water characteristic curve.Wherein, on the outer wall of described sample preparation device 21, be provided with screw thread, the upper end of described sample preparation device 21 is provided with cutting edge, described sample preparation device 21 is fixedly connected with upper bed-plate 15, the lower end of described sample preparation device 21 is provided with an O type rubber washer 39, to guarantee sealing, effectively prevent water loss in the interior saturated soil sample 25 of sample preparation device 21.
As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3, in the present embodiment, described temperature control moisturizing device is made up of temperature control equipment and moisturizing device, described temperature control equipment comprises mistress's bucket wall 23 and is arranged on the temperature control heating rod 24 on mistress's bucket wall 23, and described moisturizing device comprises interior chamber bucket wall 26 and is attached to the filter paper 27 on bucket wall 26 inwalls of interior chamber; Described mistress's bucket wall 23 is suitable for reading to be opened wide, the upper end of described mistress's bucket wall 23 and the bottom surface of described top cover have distance, described mistress's bucket wall 23 is fixed on upper bed-plate 15 by the second bolt 36, is provided with the 2nd O type rubber washer 40 between described mistress's bucket wall 23 and upper bed-plate 15.Wherein temperature control heating rod 24 can make the water temperature in mistress keep constant, thereby guarantees air themperature substantially constant in interior chamber; Owing to posting filter paper 27 on the inwall at interior chamber bucket wall 26, and retaining between interior chamber bucket wall 26 and sample preparation device 21, the filter paper 27 that therefore immerses retaining can make the air humidity of interior chamber substantially in saturation conditions by capillarity.
As shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5, in the present embodiment, top cover comprises fixed with top cover and common top cover 28, fixedly comprise lid 28-1 and be arranged on the vertical loading bar 30 on lid 28-1 with top cover, between lid 28-1 and vertical loading bar 30, be provided with piston 33, the upper end of vertical loading bar 30 is through lid 28-1, the lower end of described vertical loading bar 30 contacts with porous plate 34, porous plate 34 is placed in soil sample 25, the upper end of vertical loading bar 30 is fixed with support 31, the electronic digital centigrade indicator 32 that produces vertical deformation for measuring soil sample 25 consolidation processes is installed on support 31, electronic digital centigrade indicator 32 has FPDP and is connected with automatic data acquisition system 6, on lid 28-1 and common top cover 28, all have into bleeding point 29.Wherein, when soil sample 25 is carried out to consolidation test, adopt fixed with top cover; While not needing soil sample 25 to carry out consolidation test, adopt common top cover 28.Piston 33 not only can make vertical loading bar 30 freely move up and down therein, and can seal the gap between vertical loading bar 30 and piston 33, makes it air tight.
As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 7, in the present embodiment, the described soil sample saturation system 3 of bleeding comprises aqua storage tank 43 and vacuum pump 49, described aqua storage tank 43 is communicated with water supply and sewerage pipeline 20 by second pipe 11, on described aqua storage tank 43, post the first graduated scale 44 changing for measuring its water level inside, the first valve 45 is installed on described second pipe 11; Described vacuum pump 49 by the first pipeline 7 with enter bleeding point 29 and be communicated with, pressure vacuum gauge 46, the second valve 47 and the 3rd valve 48 are installed on described the first pipeline 7.Wherein, the first graduated scale 44 changes by measuring aqua storage tank 43 water level inside, and then learns that the feedwater of interior chamber and displacement of volume change.
As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 6, in the present embodiment, described suction control system 2 comprises that pneumatic supply 64, air pressure regulator group and air pressure measure tensimeter group; Described air pressure regulator group is made up of septum valve 58, reheat control valve 59 and low pressure modulating valve 60, and described amount of gas pressure measuring pressure table group is made up of high range high-precision electronic tensimeter 55, middle range high-precision electronic tensimeter 56 and lower range high-precision electronic tensimeter 57; Described septum valve 58 and high range high-precision electronic tensimeter 55 are installed on the 4th pipeline 9, described reheat control valve 59 and middle range high-precision electronic tensimeter 56 are installed on the 3rd pipeline 8, and described low pressure modulating valve 60 and lower range high-precision electronic tensimeter 57 are installed on the 5th pipeline 10; The two ends of described the 3rd pipeline 8 are communicated with pneumatic supply 64 and the first pipeline 7 respectively, and described the 3rd pipeline 8, the 4th pipeline 9 and the 5th pipeline 10 adopt and be arranged in parallel; The 5th valve 52 and the 8th valve 61 are also installed on described the 4th pipeline 9, and described high range high-precision electronic tensimeter 55 is between septum valve 58 and the 5th valve 52; The 4th valve 50, the 6th valve 53, the 9th valve 62 and saturated with vapor device 51 are also installed on described the 3rd pipeline 8, saturated with vapor device 51 is communicated with the first pipeline 7, and described middle range high-precision electronic tensimeter 56 is between reheat control valve 59 and the 6th valve 53; The 7th valve 54 and the tenth valve 63 are also installed on described the 5th pipeline 10, and described lower range high-precision electronic tensimeter 57 is between low pressure modulating valve 60 and the 7th valve 54.Wherein, the effect of saturated with vapor device 51 is to make the air that injects interior chamber keep moistening, to increase the air saturation of interior chamber.The range of regulation suggestion of high-pressure pressure regulating valve 58 selects 400kPa～1500kPa to be advisable, and the range of regulation suggestion of middle pressure pressure regulator valve 59 selects 25kPa～400kPa to be advisable, and the range of regulation suggestion of low pressure regulating pressure valve 60 selects 0kPa～25kPa to be advisable; " high precision " in high range (400kPa～1500kPa) high-precision electronic tensimeter 55, middle range (25kPa～400kPa) high-precision electronic tensimeter 56 and lower range (0kPa～25kPa) high-precision electronic tensimeter 57 suggestion selects electronic pressure gage trueness error to be not more than 0.3% of pressure gage measuring range separately.Pneumatic supply 64 generally provides with air compressor machine or high-pressure nitrogen bottle, determines air pressure size according to test demand, and the air pressure range that general sand need provide is 0kPa～100kPa, and silt is 0kPa～400kPa, and clay is 0kPa～1500kPa.
As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 8, in the present embodiment, described flushing system 4 comprises the first buret 65 and the second buret 68, and described the first buret 65 is communicated with one end of washing away groove 17 by the 6th pipeline 12, and described the second buret 68 is communicated with the other end that washes away groove 17 by the 7th pipeline 13; The 11 valve the 66 and the 12 valve 67 is installed on described the 6th pipeline 12, the 13 valve 69, gas bottle the 70 and the 15 valve 72 are installed on described the 7th pipeline 13, the mouth place, top of described gas bottle 70 is provided with the 14 valve 71, posts the 3rd graduated scale 82 changing for measuring its water level inside on described gas bottle 70.Wherein, when the 3rd graduated scale 82 is for 14 valve 71 on maloperation gas bottle 70, trim set gas cylinder 70 flows to the water yield of water-storing bottle 76 by mistake.
As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 9, in the present embodiment, described quality is measured the electronic balance 77 that system 5 comprises water-storing bottle 76 and is arranged on water-storing bottle 76 belows, described water-storing bottle 76 is communicated with the 7th pipeline 13 by the 8th pipeline 14, sliding support the 74 and the 16 valve 73 is installed on described the 8th pipeline 14, on described water-storing bottle 76, post the second graduated scale 78 changing for measuring its water level inside, water level in described water-storing bottle 76 must be at intake-outlet more than 75, control group 79 is proofreaied and correct in the other evaporation being provided with for revising water-storing bottle 76 moisture evaporation errors of described water-storing bottle 76.Wherein, the effect of sliding support 74 is to fix the 8th pipeline 14, reduces and water-storing bottle 76 is produced to the error that downward moment of flexure causes electronic balance 77 to measure because of the 8th pipeline 14 self gravitations; Electronic balance 77 can enter the quality variation in (sucking-off) water-storing bottle 76 by Real-Time Monitoring, the head height that the second graduated scale 78 can be measured water-storing bottle 76 changes, and then the matric suction value of correction soil sample, evaporation is proofreaied and correct control group 79 in order to revise the evaporation error of water-storing bottle 76.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, in the present embodiment, the data acquisition unit 22 that described automatic data acquisition system comprises computer 80 and joins with computer 80, described high range high-precision electronic tensimeter 55, middle range high-precision electronic tensimeter 56, lower range high-precision electronic tensimeter 57, on electronic digital centigrade indicator 32 and electronic balance 77, be equipped with FPDP, described high range high-precision electronic tensimeter 55, middle range high-precision electronic tensimeter 56, lower range high-precision electronic tensimeter 57, electronic digital centigrade indicator 32 and electronic balance 77 all join with data acquisition unit 22, described electronic digital centigrade indicator 32 is arranged on fixed with on top cover.Automatic data acquisition system not only contributes to the judgement of suction equalization condition, and has avoided the error of manual operation, and then has significantly improved test accuracy.
As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3, in the present embodiment, in described lower bottom base 16, be provided with steel collar 18, described pottery clay plates 19 adopts epoxy resin to stick in steel collar 18, between described steel collar 18 and lower bottom base 16, be provided with an O type rubber ring 38, between described steel collar 18 and sample preparation device 21, be provided with an O type rubber washer 39, to guarantee sealing.
As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 3, in the present embodiment, the lower end of described lower bottom base 16 is provided with bearing 42, and described lower bottom base 16 is arranged on bearing 42, and described lower bottom base 16 is fixedly connected with by the first bolt 35 with upper bed-plate 15.
Process of the test of the present invention is:
(1) saturated pottery clay plates: the pottery clay plates 19 of first selecting suitable air-entry value according to soil sample 25, then utilize epoxy gluing agent that pottery clay plates 19 and steel collar 18 are bonded together and are installed on lower bottom base 16, then with the first bolt 35, upper bed-plate 15 is arranged on lower bottom base 16, chamber bucket wall 26 in installing again, open the first inside chamber of valve 45 and add enough degassed waters to cover pottery clay plates 19 surfaces, close the first valve 45, with the 3rd bolt 37 by top cover, interior chamber bucket wall 26 and base are fixed together, interior chamber is after sealing state, make the 6th passage 12, the 7th passage 13, in the 8th passage 14, be all full of degassed water, and make the first buret 65, the second buret 68, gas bottle 70 and water-storing bottle 76 all keep suitable water level.Under normal temperature and pressure, pottery clay plates 19 is left standstill and soaked 2～3 hours, after pottery clay plates 19 complete wetting, close the 3rd valve 48 and the first valve 45, after opening the 8th valve 61, the 5th valve 52 and the 4th valve 50, open pneumatic supply 64, pressurize saturated by adding air pressure in the adjusting inside chamber of high-pressure pressure regulating valve 58 to pottery clay plates 19.Keep air pressure constant, open the 15 valve the 72, the 12 valve the 67, the 11 valve the 66 and the 13 valve 69 draining one hour, and regularly utilize flushing system 4 to remove the bubble of overflowing in pottery clay plates 19 bottom surfaces, then close the 15 valve the 72 and the 12 valve 67 1 hours.Repeat above-mentioned steps, until no longer observe bubble.
(2) prepare soil sample: after pottery clay plates 19 is saturated, turn on the 3rd bolt 37, take down top cover and interior chamber bucket wall 26 starts sample preparation; Undisturbed soil or high density manipulated soil utilize sample preparation device 21 to carry out sample preparation, after sample preparation completes, the sample preparation device 21 that soil sample 25 is housed is arranged on upper bed-plate 15, and between sample preparation device 21 and steel collar 18, place an O type rubber washer 39, guarantee its sealing, the light firming sample 25 of recycling porous plate 34 guarantees that soil sample 25 contacts with pottery clay plates 19 well; When preparation low-density manipulated soil soil sample 25, can on pottery clay plates 19, directly prepare, first by sample preparation device 21 gently on precession upper bed-plate 15, and guarantee that sample preparation device 21 and an O type rubber washer 39 seal, then in the interior direct sample preparation of sample preparation device 21, in sample making course, dynamics wants light, in order to avoid pottery clay plates 19 is damaged by pressure.
(3) installation of pressure chamber: after prepared by soil sample 25, first by the second bolt 36, mistress's bucket wall 23 is fixed on upper bed-plate 15, and between them, place the 2nd O type rubber washer 40 in case leak-stopping water, with the 3rd bolt 37, the interior chamber bucket wall 26, top cover and the base that post filter paper 27 are fixed together again, and between interior chamber bucket wall 26 and top cover and between interior chamber bucket wall 26 and upper bed-plate 15, are all placing the 2nd O type rubber ring 41 to guarantee the sealing between them.After installation, mistress is full of to water, and makes temperature control heating rod 24 design temperature that switches on power, constant to control water temperature.
(4) saturated soil sample: it is saturated to carry out soil sample after pressure chamber installs, first close the 15 valve the 72, the 12 valve 67, the 4th valve 50, the first valve 45 and the second valve 47, open the 3rd valve 48, start vacuum pump 49, when pressure vacuum gauge 46 shows after approximately atmosphere negative pressure power value, continue to bleed, clay approximately 1 hour, after sand, silt approximately 0.5 hour, slightly open the first valve 45, make degassed water slowly enter interior chamber by water supply and sewerage pipeline 20.After inferring that by the first graduated scale 44 on aqua storage tank 43 soil sample is completely in immersion water, stop bleeding, close the first valve 45, open the second valve 47 and the 3rd valve 48 makes air enter interior chamber, leave standstill certain hour, utilize atmospheric pressure to make soil sample saturated.Soil sample is saturated complete after, open the first valve 45 drainings, utilize the first graduated scale 44 on aqua storage tank 43 learn interior chamber water level dropped to sample preparation device 21 upper limbs following after, close the first valve 45 and finish draining.Guarantee in interior chamber that by the capillary action of the retaining in interior chamber and filter paper 27 air humidity is substantially in saturated.
(5) fixed soil sample: soil sample 25 is saturated complete after, if need carry out fixed to soil sample 25, in soil sample 25, placing porous plate 34 installation are provided with the fixed with top cover of vertical loading bar 30, and guarantee that vertical loading bar 30 contacts with porous plate 34, again electronic digital centigrade indicator 31 is made zero, finally utilize vertical loading bar 30 to exert pressure to soil sample 25, fixed completing after electronic digital centigrade indicator 31 stable reading; If do not need fixedly, only adopt common top cover 28.
(6) controlled suction carries out dehumidification test and humidification test: while carrying out dehumidification test, open pneumatic supply 64, the 4th valve 50, the 7th valve 54 and the tenth valve 63,, other valve, in closed condition, rotates low pressure modulating valve 60, increases air pressure to required matric suction value.In the time that water discharge was less than 0.1 gram in 24 hours, can think that matric suction reaches balance, start to add next stage air pressure.In the time that the required air pressure applying is greater than 25kPa, close the 7th valve 54 and the tenth valve 63, open the 6th valve 53 and the 9th valve 62, adopt reheat control valve 59 controlled suctions, in the time that the required air pressure applying is greater than 400kPa, close the 6th valve 53 and the 9th valve 62, open the 5th valve 52 and the 8th valve 61 adopts septum valve 58 controlled suctions.
After dehumidification has been tested, can carry out humidification test, rotate septum valve 58, reduce air pressure to required matric suction value.In the time that water absorbing capacity was less than 0.1 gram in 24 hours, can think that matric suction reaches balance, then drop to next stage air pressure.In the time that required air pressure is less than 400kPa, close the 5th valve 52 and the 8th valve 61, open the 6th valve 53 and the 9th valve 62 adopts reheat control valve 59 controlled suctions; In the time that the required air pressure applying is less than 25kPa, close the 6th valve 53 and the 9th valve 62, open the 7th valve 54 and the tenth valve 63, adopt low pressure modulating valve 60 controlled suctions until off-test.
(7) washing away of bubble: need regularly to wash away the air being diffused out by pottery clay plates 19 in above-mentioned process of the test.While washing away, first close the 16 valve 73, then open the 12 valve the 67, the 11 valve the 66, the 15 valve the 72 and the 13 valve 69, give in the first buret 65 and apply a little air pressure, make diffusion bubble under pottery clay plates 19 flowing together with water in pipeline, bubble is collected by gas bottle 70, successively back and forth until do not observe bubble.Wash away after end, close the 12 valve the 67, the 11 valve the 66 and the 13 valve 69, finally open the 16 valve 73, proceed test.
(8) measurement of row's (suctions) quality: carry out before displacement mass measurement starting, the first correcting electronic balance 77 of need, to reduce the impact of row's (suction) waterpipe weight.In process of the test, in interior chamber, after stable gas pressure, open the 15 valve the 72 and the 16 valve 73 and start draining (water suction).Water in soil sample 25 is by pottery clay plates 19 and wash away groove 17 and be communicated with, washing away groove 17 is connected on the water-storing bottle 76 that posts the second graduated scale 78 by the 7th pipeline 13 and the 8th pipeline 14, can Real-Time Monitoring enter the biodiversity of (sucking-off) water-storing bottle 76 by electronic balance 77, and then calculate the change of moisture content in soil sample 25, evaporation correction control group 79 is in order to revise moisture evaporation error in water-storing bottle 76.In humidification process of the test, must guarantee that the water level of water-storing bottle 76 is always on intake-outlet 75; In dehumidification process of the test, the water level of suggestion water-storing bottle 76 on intake-outlet 75, the globule impact that displacement mass is measured of falling when avoiding draining.
(9) collection of test figure and processing: by electronic balance 77 can Real-Time Monitoring soil sample in the mass change of moisture, and then calculate the water cut of soil sample 25, and utilize evaporation to proofread and correct control group 79 to revise the error of moisture evaporation; Can accurately reflect the atmospheric pressure value in interior chamber by high range high-precision electronic tensimeter 55, middle range high-precision electronic tensimeter 56 and lower range high-precision electronic tensimeter 57; The distortion of soil sample can be measured by electronic digital centigrade indicator 31, the volume change of soil sample can be calculated; After suction equalization, utilize the head of the available water-storing bottle 76 of the second graduated scale 78, the difference of the atmospheric pressure value that now suction of soil sample equals to apply and water-storing bottle 76 heads; Finally, according to the test figure of processing, can draw the native water characteristic curve that different variablees are expressed, as the relation curve of water cut, saturation degree, volumetric water content three and matric suction (unsaturated soil water-intake capacity).
The above; it is only preferred embodiment of the present invention; not the present invention is imposed any restrictions, every any simple modification, change and equivalent structure transformation of above embodiment being done according to the technology of the present invention essence, all still belongs in the protection domain of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. the accurate control type pressure plate apparatus of suction that can direct saturated soil sample, is characterized in that: comprise that bleed saturation system (3), flushing system (4), quality of pressure chamber's system (1), suction control system (2), soil sample measure system (5) and automatic data acquisition system (6), described pressure chamber system (1) comprises base and is arranged on the top cover of described base top, and is arranged on pottery clay plates (19), sample preparation device (21) and the temperature control moisturizing device on described base, described top cover comprises fixed with top cover and common top cover (28), described base is made up of the upper bed-plate being connected (15) and lower bottom base (16) two parts, described sample preparation device (21) is arranged on upper bed-plate (15), on described lower bottom base (16), have and wash away groove (17), described pottery clay plates (19) is arranged on and washes away on groove (17), described flushing system (4) with wash away the air that groove (17) joins and diffuse out for washing away pottery clay plates (19), described flushing system (4) is measured system (5) with quality and is joined, in described sample preparation device (21), be provided with soil sample (25), described soil sample (25) is measured system (5) with pottery clay plates (19) Surface Contact and the middle quality of discharging or suck of soil sample (25) by quality and is measured, on described upper bed-plate (15), have water supply and sewerage pipeline (20), on described top cover, have into bleeding point (29), described water supply and sewerage pipeline (20) and enter bleeding point (29) and all join with the soil sample saturation system (3) of bleeding, described suction control system (2) joins with pressure chamber's system (1), and described automatic data acquisition system (6) is measured system (5) by cable and pressure chamber's system (1), suction control system (2) and quality and all joined and realize the Real-time Collection of test figure to draw native water characteristic curve.
2. according to a kind of accurate control type pressure plate apparatus of suction that can direct saturated soil sample claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: on the outer wall of described sample preparation device (21), be provided with screw thread, the upper end of described sample preparation device (21) is provided with cutting edge, described sample preparation device (21) is fixedly connected with upper bed-plate (15), and the lower end of described sample preparation device (21) is provided with an O type rubber washer (39).
3. according to a kind of accurate control type pressure plate apparatus of suction that can direct saturated soil sample claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described temperature control moisturizing device is made up of temperature control equipment and moisturizing device, described temperature control equipment comprises mistress's bucket wall (23) and is arranged on the temperature control heating rod (24) on mistress's bucket wall (23), and described moisturizing device comprises interior chamber bucket wall (26) and is attached to the filter paper (27) on interior chamber bucket wall (26) inwall; Described mistress's bucket wall (23) is suitable for reading to be opened wide, the upper end of described mistress's bucket wall (23) and the bottom surface of described top cover have distance, it is upper that described mistress's bucket wall (23) is fixed on upper bed-plate (15) by the second bolt (36), is provided with the 2nd O type rubber washer (40) between described mistress's bucket wall (23) and upper bed-plate (15).
4. according to a kind of accurate control type pressure plate apparatus of suction that can direct saturated soil sample claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described soil sample saturation system (3) of bleeding comprises aqua storage tank (43) and vacuum pump (49), described aqua storage tank (43) is communicated with water supply and sewerage pipeline (20) by second pipe (11), on described aqua storage tank (43), post the first graduated scale (44) changing for measuring its water level inside, the first valve (45) is installed on described second pipe (11); Described vacuum pump (49) by the first pipeline (7) with enter bleeding point (29) and be communicated with, pressure vacuum gauge (46), the second valve (47) and the 3rd valve (48) are installed on described the first pipeline (7).
5. according to a kind of accurate control type pressure plate apparatus of suction that can direct saturated soil sample claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described suction control system (2) comprises that pneumatic supply (64), air pressure regulator group and air pressure measure tensimeter group; Described air pressure regulator group is made up of septum valve (58), reheat control valve (59) and low pressure modulating valve (60), and described amount of gas pressure measuring pressure table group is made up of high range high-precision electronic tensimeter (55), middle range high-precision electronic tensimeter (56) and lower range high-precision electronic tensimeter (57); Described septum valve (58) and high range high-precision electronic tensimeter (55) are installed on the 4th pipeline (9), it is upper that described reheat control valve (59) and middle range high-precision electronic tensimeter (56) are installed in the 3rd pipeline (8), and described low pressure modulating valve (60) and lower range high-precision electronic tensimeter (57) are installed on the 5th pipeline (10).
6. according to a kind of accurate control type pressure plate apparatus of suction that can direct saturated soil sample claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described flushing system (4) comprises the first buret (65) and the second buret (68), described the first buret (65) is communicated with one end of washing away groove (17) by the 6th pipeline (12), and described the second buret (68) is communicated with the other end that washes away groove (17) by the 7th pipeline (13); On described the 6th pipeline (12), the 11 valve (66) and the 12 valve (67) are installed, on described the 7th pipeline (13), the 13 valve (69), gas bottle (70) and the 15 valve (72) are installed, the mouth place, top of described gas bottle (70) is provided with the 14 valve (71), posts the 3rd graduated scale (81) changing for measuring its water level inside on described gas bottle (70).
7. according to a kind of accurate control type pressure plate apparatus of suction that can direct saturated soil sample claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described quality is measured the electronic balance (77) that system (5) comprises water-storing bottle (76) and is arranged on water-storing bottle (76) below, described water-storing bottle (76) is communicated with the 7th pipeline (13) by the 8th pipeline (14), on described the 8th pipeline (14), sliding support (74) and the 16 valve (73) are installed, on described water-storing bottle (76), post the second graduated scale (78) changing for measuring its water level inside, water level in described water-storing bottle (76) must be more than intake-outlet (75), control group (79) is proofreaied and correct in the other evaporation being provided with for revising water-storing bottle (76) moisture evaporation error of described water-storing bottle (76).
8. according to a kind of accurate control type pressure plate apparatus of suction that can direct saturated soil sample claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that: the data acquisition unit (22) that described automatic data acquisition system comprises computer (80) and joins with computer (80), described high range high-precision electronic tensimeter (55), middle range high-precision electronic tensimeter (56), lower range high-precision electronic tensimeter (57), on electronic digital centigrade indicator (32) and electronic balance (77), be equipped with FPDP, described high range high-precision electronic tensimeter (55), middle range high-precision electronic tensimeter (56), lower range high-precision electronic tensimeter (57), electronic digital centigrade indicator (32) and electronic balance (77) all join with data acquisition unit (22), described electronic digital centigrade indicator (32) is arranged on described fixed with on top cover.
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