CN106092853B - A kind of sunken consolidation infiltration simultaneous determination instrument of soil mass water-air humidity - Google Patents
A kind of sunken consolidation infiltration simultaneous determination instrument of soil mass water-air humidity Download PDFInfo
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- CN106092853B CN106092853B CN201610401997.0A CN201610401997A CN106092853B CN 106092853 B CN106092853 B CN 106092853B CN 201610401997 A CN201610401997 A CN 201610401997A CN 106092853 B CN106092853 B CN 106092853B
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 84
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 43
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940099259 vaseline Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 20
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005325 percolation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000233855 Orchidaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005442 atmospheric precipitation Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008235 industrial water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011022 operating instruction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007903 penetration ability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012857 repacking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of soil mass water air humidities to fall into consolidation infiltration simultaneous determination instrument, including saturated yielding consolidation permeameter, infiltration coefficient measurement system and permeation coefficient determination system, wherein saturated yielding consolidation permeameter includes pedestal and cutting ring, soil sample is filled in cutting ring, soil sample top is provided with pressurizing control system, and the pressure gauge for measuring the dial gauge of piston displacement and measurement air pressure in compression system is equipped on pressurizing control system；Infiltration coefficient measurement system and permeation coefficient determination system consolidate permeameter with saturated yielding by interface tube respectively and connect.The instrument uses modularized design, both calibrated altitude soil sample test can be carried out, the soil sample that different height can also be prepared as needed is tested, while having the measurement of the infiltration coefficient after measuring infiltration coefficient, permeation coefficient, the coefficient of consolidation, coefficient of collapsibility of loess and Loess Collapsibility, permeation coefficient.The instrument have flexibility it is good, the test period is short, pressure control it is reliable and stable, it is time saving and energy saving, it is cost-effective the features such as.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of soil mass water-air humidities to fall into consolidation infiltration simultaneous determination instrument, more particularly, to a kind of soil body saturated yielding
Experiment, consolidation test, infiltration coefficient measures, soil body osmotic coefficient measures after permeation coefficient determination and saturated yielding, permeation coefficient is surveyed
Fixed instrument.
Background technology
Water (Atmospheric precipitation, irrigation water, industrial water, sanitary wastewater etc.) to Rock And Soil disaster (avalanche, landslide, mudflow,
Face sedimentation etc.) adverse effect accepted extensively.In Collapsible Loess District, the geological disaster of many is all with water in Huang
Seepage flow in soil is closely related.However, in natural surroundings, the seepage flow in the soil body not only has the infiltration of liquid phase, also there is gas phase
It permeates, the Percolation Law of liquid and gas and its assay method of infiltration coefficient always are that unsaturated soils theory is studied in the soil body
Important content.Meanwhile infiltration coefficient, the permeation coefficient of water, gas in the earth formation are also the weight of concentrated expression soil body penetration ability
Index, the accuracy of test result is wanted to have very important meaning to foundation engineering and slope stability calculating.
Currently, for the permeability test of cohesive soil mostly use Nanjing Soil Apparatus Factory production TST-55 types permeameter into
Row.However, time length and saturation undesirable this problem that sample saturation need relatively low for sticky soil permeability, Wang Guiyao
Et al. (CN201561921U) develop varying water head pressure permeameter.When for cutting sample with cutting ring, pushed due to cutting ring
Dynamics is uneven, makes occur different degrees of gap between cutting ring inner wall and sample, causes generation side wall leakage/flow short circuit existing
As Ji Qiwei et al. (CN204718934U) is developed using split collar wound packages sample, and a kind of novel of inner wall is smeared with vaseline
Cohesive soil permeameter.However, the head of head pipe measures and corresponding timing is all people's part work and part study number and manual time-keeping, error compared with
Greatly, precision is low, it is difficult to meet test request.
Fluid flow is mostly used come the gas flow that converts, such as fourth Piao Rong for soil body permeation coefficient measurement
(CN85204904U) using the flow of water come the gas flow that converts, permeation coefficient range can be measured 10 by developing0~10- 6The permeameter of the bituminous concrete collection grain material permeation coefficient of cm/s.For using fluid flow come the side for the gas flow that converts
The defects of method measurement accuracy is poor, complicated for operation and time-consuming, Fang Xiangwei et al. (CN2032168621U) to geotechnical centrifuge model instrument into
Row repacking, prevents gas from being oozed out between latex film and sample, passes through double-range using 10~20kpa of superatmospheric confining pressures
Flowmeter can accurately measure discharge gas volume, and the permeation coefficient of low permeability soil is calculated.But confining pressure whether
It can influence the integrality of soil structures or lead to the problem of disturbance to soil structures to be one and be worthy of consideration.
Collapsibility test of loess is the important tests of Loess Collapsibility Journal of Sex Research, and the Accurate Determining of Collapsing Deformation amount is collapsibility Huang
One of the Main Basiss of soil area buildings or structures basic engineering.And Collapsible Loess District is used at immersion mode in advance
The structure foundation of reason, measure building operation phase Loess Layer secondary or even multiple saturated yielding (that is, " infiltration -- saturated yielding -- ooze
Thoroughly -- ") deformation index be also very important.However, current indoor secondary saturated yielding experiment is required to wait for that live pre- immersion is steady
It is sampled after fixed, then measures its secondary Collapsing Deformation index, it is time-consuming, laborious and with high costs.Currently, Loess Collapsibility tries
It tests, consolidation test, is mostly carried out using common simple lever consolidation apparatus, it is not only time-consuming, laborious, it is of high cost, and cannot avoid
The measurement of " infiltration -- saturated yielding -- infiltration " experiment and permeation coefficient is carried out under conditions of secondary artificial disturbance.
Invention content
For the above-mentioned prior art the problem of, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of sunken consolidations of water-air humidity to ooze
Saturating simultaneous determination instrument.The instrument uses modularized design, can both carry out calibrated altitude soil sample sample, can also make as needed
The soil sample of standby different height is tested, while being had and being measured infiltration coefficient, permeation coefficient, the coefficient of consolidation, Loess Collapsibility system
The measurement of infiltration coefficient, permeation coefficient after number and Loess Collapsibility.The instrument has flexibility good, and the test period is short, pressure
Control it is reliable and stable, it is time saving and energy saving, it is cost-effective the features such as.
In order to realize that These characteristics, the present invention use following technical scheme：
A kind of sunken consolidation infiltration simultaneous determination instrument of water-air humidity, including saturated yielding consolidate permeameter, the consolidation permeameter packet
Pedestal and cutting ring are included, stepped groove is provided on the pedestal, the cutting ring is mounted in stepped groove, in cutting ring
Filled with soil sample, which is characterized in that be set with cylindrical shape infiltration mould outside the cutting ring, be arranged on the infiltration mould side wall
There is the second interface tube communicated with inside cutting ring；Soil sample top is provided with pressurizing control system, and pressurizing control system includes setting
The piston above soil sample is set, dial gauge and pressure for measuring piston displacement are installed on the pressurizing control system
Table；The third interface tube and the 4th interface tube communicated with bottom portion of groove is symmetrically arranged on the base side wall；The survey
It further includes infiltration coefficient measurement system and permeation coefficient determination system to determine instrument, and the infiltration coefficient measurement system passes through respectively
Two interface tubes and third interface tube are connect with saturated yielding consolidation permeameter, and the permeation coefficient determination system passes through the 4th interface tube
It is connect with saturated yielding consolidation permeameter.
Further, cylindrical shape sample block set is provided between the cutting ring and infiltration mould, in the sample block set
Diameter matches with cutting ring outer diameter；The bottom end and top of the soil sample are respectively arranged with lower permeable stone and upper dankness stone, wherein
Upper dankness stone is between soil sample and piston, and lower permeable stone is between groove and soil sample.
Further, the pressurizing control system includes cylinder, and column is provided on the pedestal, and cylinder passes through method
Orchid is removably mounted at the top of cutting ring, and cylinder bore diameter is identical as cutting ring internal diameter；
The piston is assemblied in cylinder, and the piston rod that piston penetrates cylinder head with one is connect, in piston rod
Portion is provided with air passage, and the first passage being connected to air passage is provided on the outer wall of piston rod, and is equipped on first passage
One stopple；The measurement end of the dial gauge is contacted with piston rod part；Second be connected to cylinder interior is arranged in cylinder head
Channel is equipped with the second stopple on second channel, and the first interface tube and third channel are symmetrically arranged on cylinder sidewall, and third is logical
Third stopple is equipped on road；
The pressurizing control system further includes pressure reducing valve, and one end of pressure reducing valve is connect by the first shut-off valve with air source,
The other end of pressurizing valve is separately connected the pressure gauge, the first interface tube by a three-way pipe interface；In the first interface tube
The second shut-off valve is provided between three-way pipe interface.
Further, the infiltration coefficient measurement system includes valve group I and the survey hydraulic pressure system being connect respectively with valve group I
System, vacuum system, water filling system；
The survey hydraulic system includes controller, cylindrical pressure-measuring pipe, and float is provided in the pressure-measuring pipe, described
Pressure-measuring pipe outside be set with photoelectric sensor group；The photoelectric sensor group includes fixing sleeve, axially distributed on fixing sleeve
There are multiple photoelectric sensors for detecting float position, the photoelectric sensor is connect with controller, on controller
It is additionally provided with display screen；
The vacuum system includes a deposit bottle for carrying plug, lays in and passes through plug and one by pipeline inside bottle
A vacuum extractor connection；
The water filling system includes water tank, and water supply pump is provided in the water tank, one is offered on the side wall of water tank
A interface tube, water tank are connected with overflow device by interface tube, and the overflow device position is higher than water tank；
Water tank connection in pressure-measuring pipe and water filling system in the survey hydraulic system.
Further, the valve group I includes E valves, F valves, G valves, H valves, I valves and J valves, wherein I valves both ends respectively with E valves
It is connected with one end of G valves, the other end of E valves is connect with the pressure measurement bottom of the tube in pressure measurement control system, and the other end of G valves passes through pipe
Be connected to inside road and deposit bottle in vacuum system, J valves both ends are connect with one end of H valves and F valves respectively, the other end of H valves and
Water supply pump connection in water filling system, the other end of F valves and the overflow device of water filling system connect, and one end that I valves are connect with E valves is also
Be connected with the 5th interface tube, one end that J valves are connect with F valves is also associated with the 6th interface tube, the 5th interface tube with it is described
The connection of the 4th interface tube, the 6th interface tube connect with the third interface tube.
Further, the permeation coefficient determination system includes control system, valve group II, surveys baric systerm, vacuum pump
And gas chamber；Wherein valve group II is connect with vacuum pump, gas chamber, survey baric systerm respectively；
The survey baric systerm includes mercury column pressure-measuring pipe, and the mercury column pressure-measuring pipe is U-shaped structure, mercury column pressure-measuring pipe
One end offers mercury column entrance, and the outer cover of mercury column pressure-measuring pipe is equipped with multiple infrared electro groups being axially distributed along mercury column pressure-measuring pipe
Block is molded, each infrared electro composite module is connect with the control system, and control system is connected with battery feed；Institute
The survey baric systerm stated further includes surge chamber, and the surge chamber includes the babinet of rectangle, and there are one U-shaped mouth courts for the interior setting of babinet
Under cushion chamber, cushion chamber one end connect with the end of mercury column pressure-measuring pipe, and the other end of cushion chamber is located in babinet, in babinet
Through-hole is offered on side wall, one end that through-hole is located at cabinet exterior is equipped with the 4th stopple；
Mercury column pressure-measuring pipe side is provided with scale, and scale is located under surge chamber, and scale is parallel with mercury column pressure-measuring pipe.
Further, the valve group II is made of three interface valves, respectively A valves, B valves, C valves；Wherein one end of C valves
It is connected with the 7th interface tube, the other end of C valves is connect with the cushion chamber in A valves, B valves and surge chamber respectively；A valves and vacuum pump
Connection, B valves are connect with the gas chamber.
Further, the cutting ring inner wall is coated with one layer of vaseline thin layer.
Further, fixed column is installed on the cylinder, table folder, dial gauge installation are provided in fixed column
In table folder.
The present invention has following technical characterstic：
1, saturated yielding is consolidated permeameter, osmotic coefficient investigating system, permeation coefficient determination system and uses modularization by the present invention
Design, improves the flexibility of instrument；
2, saturated yielding consolidation permeameter is stable using the pressurization of pressure control technology, pressure limit is big, can be provided to the soil body different
The load of rank size；
3, by being equipped with "O"-ring, rubber cushion, cylinder part can realize that " piston type " moves, and stroke is big and sealing performance is excellent
It is good；
4, being equipped with vacuum air pump easily makes soil sample be rapidly saturated；
5, dial gauge is equipped with accurately to measure the displacement that soil sample is generated due to load action, and thus can be extrapolated corresponding
Void ratio；
6, the sampling spoon length of saturated yielding consolidation permeameter increases, and different length undisturbed sample can be taken to be tested,
To study rule of the soil sample length to consolidation infiltration；
7, the remolding soil specimens that can prepare control water content and dried density carry out permeability test, to study manipulated soil
Percolation Law；
8, side wall leakage is placed, during the entire experiment of guarantee using loess/vaseline sealing between soil sample and cutting ring
Flow, air-flow can only pass through in soil sample；
9, saturated yielding consolidation permeameter can carry out secondary saturated yielding experiment, wet without making without carrying out live submerging test
Sample detaches after falling into, and ensure that the integrality of sample after saturated yielding, convenient, time saving, laborsaving；
10, osmotic coefficient investigating module carries out reading and timing using photoelectric sensor group, improves its accuracy, avoid
Human error；
11, permeation coefficient determination module, using mercury column pressure-measuring pipe, infrared electro composite module, intelligence control system, vacuum
Pump etc. can be quick and easy measurement soil body permeation coefficient, so as to study gas phase the soil body Percolation Law；
12, entire pilot system is sealing, is not influenced by evaporating, while experiment should carry out at a constant temperature, Yi Mianwen
Degree variation impacts experiment.
The configuration of the present invention is simple, novel in design rationally it is convenient to realize, highly practical, using effect is good, convenient for promoting.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the principle of the present invention system schematic；
Fig. 2 is that soil mass water-air humidity of the present invention falls into the structural schematic diagram of consolidation permeameter；
Fig. 3 is table folder top partial view diagram in Fig. 2；
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of the infiltration coefficient measurement system of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram of the permeation coefficient determination system of the present invention；
Figure label represents：I-saturated yielding consolidates permeameter；II-infiltration coefficient measurement system；III-permeation coefficient determination system
System；
The first stopples of 1-1-, the second stopples of 1-2-, 1-3-third stopple, the 4th stopples of 1-4-, the first pipes of 2-1-connect
Mouthful, the second interface tubes of 2-2-, 2-3-third interface tube, the 4th interface tubes of 2-4-, the 5th interface tubes of 2-5-, 2-6-the 6th
Interface tube, the 7th interface tubes of 2-7-, 3-flanges, 4-rubber cushions, 5-sample block sets, 6-infiltration moulds, 7-cutting rings, 8-pedestals,
9-lower permeable stones, 10-soil samples, 11-upper dankness stones, 12-pistons, 13-cylinders, 14-fixed columns, 15-table folders,
16-dial gauges, 17-pressure gauges, 18-three-way pipe interfaces, 19-pressure reducing valves, the first shut-off valves of 20-1-, second section of 20-2-
Only valve, 21-air sources, 22-overflow devices, 23-water supply pumps, 24-water tanks, 25-deposit bottles, 26-vacuum extractors, Gu 27-
Fixed set, 28-floats, 29-pressure-measuring pipes, 30-photoelectric sensor groups, 31-display screens, 32-controllers, 33-valve group I,
34-babinets, 35-cushion chambers, 36-mercury column entrances, 37-scales, 38-mercury column pressure-measuring pipes, 39-power supplys, 40-control systems
System, 41-infrared electro composite modules, 42-gas chambers, 43-vacuum pumps, 44-valve groups II.
Specific implementation mode
In compliance with the above technical solution, as shown in Figures 1 to 4, a kind of water-air humidity falls into consolidation infiltration simultaneous determination instrument, including
Saturated yielding consolidates permeameter I, infiltration coefficient measurement system II and permeation coefficient determination system III.
It includes pedestal 8 and cutting ring 7 that saturated yielding, which consolidates permeameter I (Fig. 2), and stepped groove is provided on pedestal 8, and cutting ring 7 is pacified
In stepped groove, it is symmetrically arranged with the third interface tube 2-3 communicated with bottom portion of groove on 8 side wall of pedestal and the 4th pipe connects
Mouthful 2-4 overflows the drainage channel of water for process of osmosis, is set with cylindrical shape infiltration mould 6 outside cutting ring 7, cutting ring 7 and infiltration mould 6 it
Between be provided with cylindrical shape sample block set 5 for protecting cutting ring 7,5 internal diameter of sample block set matches with 7 outer diameter of cutting ring so that examination
Sample block set 5 can be just sleeved on outside cutting ring 7, permeated on 6 side wall of mould and be symmetrically arranged with the second interface tube communicated with inside cutting ring 7
2-2 and third channel overflow the drainage channel of water for process of osmosis, and permeating above mould has the rubber cushion 4 to seal, in cutting ring
Filled with soil sample 10, arbitrary height undisturbed sample 10 processed or compacting arbitrary height can be cut within the scope of 7 design height of cutting ring
Remolding soil specimens 10,10 top of soil sample are provided with pressurizing control system, and pressurizing control system includes being arranged on soil sample 10
The piston 12 of side is equipped with dial gauge 16 and pressure gauge 17 for measuring 12 displacement of piston on pressurizing control system；Soil sample
10 bottom end and top are respectively arranged with lower permeable stone 9 and upper dankness stone 11, and wherein upper dankness stone 11 is located at soil sample 10 and lives
Between plug 12, lower permeable stone 9 is between groove and soil sample 10, and wherein infiltration coefficient measurement system II passes through the second pipe respectively
Interface 2-2 and third interface tube 2-3 is connect with saturated yielding consolidation permeameter I, and permeation coefficient determination system III passes through the 4th interface tube
2-4 is connect with saturated yielding consolidation permeameter I.
Infiltration coefficient measurement system II (Fig. 4) includes valve group I33 and the survey hydraulic system being connect respectively with valve group I33, true
Empty set system, water filling system.It includes controller 32, cylindrical pressure-measuring pipe 29 wherein to survey hydraulic system, is provided in pressure-measuring pipe 29 floating
Son 28, pressure-measuring pipe 29 are set with photoelectric sensor group 30 outside；Photoelectric sensor group 30 includes fixing sleeve 27,27 upper edge axis of fixing sleeve
To multiple photoelectric sensors for detecting 28 position of float are distributed with, photoelectric sensor connect with controller 32, is controlling
Display screen 31 is additionally provided on instrument 32；Vacuum system includes a deposit bottle 25 for carrying plug, lays in and passes through pipe inside bottle 25
Road is connect across plug with a vacuum extractor 26；Water filling system includes water tank 24, and water supply is provided in the water tank 24
23 are pumped, is opened up on the side wall of water tank 24 there are one interface tube, water tank 24 is connected with overflow device 22, overflow device 22 by interface tube
It sets and is higher than water tank 24；The pressure-measuring pipe 29 surveyed in hydraulic system is connect with the water tank 24 in water filling system；Valve group I33 includes E valves, F
Valve, G valves, H valves, I valves and J valves, wherein I valves both ends are connect with one end of E valves and G valves respectively, and the other end and the pressure measurement of E valves control
The other end of 29 bottom of pressure-measuring pipe connection in system, G valves is connected to by pipeline with 25 inside of deposit bottle in vacuum system, J
Valve both ends are connect with one end of H valves and F valves respectively, and water supply pump 23 in the other end and water filling system of H valves connects, F valves it is another
One end and overflow device in water filling system 22 overflow the opening being arranged at water level and connect, and one end that I valves are connect with E valves is also associated with the
One end that five interface tube 2-5, J valves are connect with F valves is also associated with the 6th interface tube 2-6, the 5th interface tube 2-5 with it is described
The 4th interface tube 2-4 connections, the 6th interface tube 2-6 connect with the third interface tube 2-3.
Permeation coefficient determination system III (Fig. 5) includes control system 40, valve group II 44, surveys baric systerm, 43 and of vacuum pump
Gas chamber 42；Wherein valve group II 44 is respectively at vacuum pump 43, gas chamber 42, survey baric systerm connection；It includes accumulator to survey baric systerm
Power supply 39, power supply 39 are connect with control system 40, and control system 40 connects infrared electro composite module 41, passes through infrared electro group
The change in location that block 41 measures side mercury column in the mercury column pressure-measuring pipe 38 of U-shaped structure is molded, from mercury inlet 36 to mercury column pressure measurement
Mercury is injected in pipe 38, scale 37 is prepared in 38 other side of mercury column pressure-measuring pipe, and scale 37 is equipped with several position scale lines, and mercury column is surveyed
When mercury column is more than 37 highest of scale red graduation mark position in pressure pipe 38, you can start permeation coefficient and measure operation.Mercury column pressure-measuring pipe
38 other sides top are connect with surge chamber, and the effect of surge chamber is：Negative pressure is big to mercury column in mercury column pressure-measuring pipe 38 in buffer air chamber
It includes the babinet 34 of rectangle that amplitude variation, which causes mercury suck-back, surge chamber, and there are one U-shaped mouth cushion chambers directed downwardly for the interior setting of babinet 34
35,35 one end of cushion chamber is connect with the end of mercury column pressure-measuring pipe 38, and the other end of cushion chamber 35 is located in babinet 34, in babinet
Through-hole is offered on 34 side walls, one end that through-hole is located at 34 outer wall of babinet is equipped with the 4th stopple 1-4；Valve group II 44 is connect by three
Mouthful valve group is at respectively A valves, B valves, C valves；One end of wherein C valves is connected with the 7th interface tube 2-7, the other ends of C valves respectively with
Cushion chamber 35 in A valves, B valves and surge chamber connects；A valves are connect with vacuum pump 43, and B valves are connect with the gas chamber 42.
With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, the specific implementation mode of the present invention is described in further detail.Implement below
Example is not limited to the scope of the present invention for illustrating the present invention.
Embodiment 1
In conjunction with Fig. 1, Fig. 2, soil mass water of the present invention-gas-solid knot infiltration simultaneous determination instrument consolidation process is：
Step 1 is provided according to earthwork test rule SL237-002-1999, is cut undisturbed sample 10 or is prepared given
The disturbance soil sample 10 of density and moisture content；
Step 2 places lower permeable stone 9, the filter paper for installing permeable stone bushing, completes the O-ring and rubber cushion 4 of pedestal, will
The cutting ring 7 cut and made is prepared by centrifugal modeling regulation to be placed in sample block set 5, then places filter paper, upper dankness stone 11, completes sample
The rubber cushion 4 of 5 top of block set, buckles compression system (cylinder 13, piston 12), is fixed with flange 3；
Step 3 connects the first interface tube 2-1 of air pressure and saturated yielding consolidation permeameter, starts pressurized control device.Peace
Fill dial gauge 16.It is zero to make total indicator reading.Apply precompression after band prestressing force is stablized by geotechnological operating instruction and adjusts pressure gauge
17 pointers are " zero ", then are pressurizeed step by step；
Step 4 after the completion of experiment, opens 19 release of pressure reducing valve, rapid to remove each component of instrument, takes out the examination for waiting for cutting ring 7
Sample takes out sample, measures the moisture content after experiment.By instrument whole wiped clean, do not have to if any the long period, answers Biao Mian Tu
With grease, pre- anti-corrosion.
Step 5 calculates and charts：
The initial void ratio e of sample is calculated by formula 1-10：
In formula, Gs--- specific gravity of soil partical；ρω--- the density of water, g/cm3；ρ0--- the initial density of sample, g/cm3；
ω0--- the initial aqueous rate of sample, %.
The void ratio e under each stage pressure after stabilization by consolidation is calculated by formula 1-2i：
In formula, ei--- the void ratio under certain stage pressure；Δhi--- specimen height change under certain stage pressure, cm；h0——
Sample elemental height, cm.
The compressed coefficient a in a certain pressure limit is calculated by formula 1-3v：
In formula, pi--- a certain pressure value, kpa；
The Modulus of pressure E in a certain pressure limit is calculated by 1-4,1-5 formulasWith coefficient of bulk compressibility mv：
Using void ratio e as ordinate, pressure p is abscissa, draws e~p relation curves.
Cake compressibility C is calculated by formula 1-6cAnd swelling index Cs：
CcOr
Draw e~lgp relation curves, CcFor the slope of e~lgp curve straightways；CsTo ask it average on e~lgp curves
Slope determines the precosolidation pressure p of undisturbed soilc。
It is asked by 1-7 formulas and calculates coefficient of consolidation Cv：
In formula,- maximum drainage distance, be equal under a certain pressure sample initially with the average value of end of a period height half, cm；
t90- the degree of consolidation is up to the time needed for 90%, s.
Pass throughCurve or d~lgt curves seek t90。
Embodiment 2
In conjunction with Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 4, water-air humidity of the present invention falls into consolidation infiltration simultaneous determination instrument measurement infiltration coefficient process and is：
Step 1, fills sample by step one, the step 2 in embodiment 1 and fastens, and it is logical to clog first respectively with stopple plug
Road, second channel, third channel and the 4th interface tube 2-4；
Step 2 couples infiltration coefficient measurement system II in Fig. 1 with saturated yielding consolidation permeameter I by hose, and saturated yielding is solid
Second interface tube 2-2 couples with the 5th interface tube 2-5 in infiltration coefficient measurement system II in knot permeameter I, saturated yielding consolidation infiltration
Third interface tube 2-3 couples with the 6th interface tube 2-6 in infiltration coefficient measurement system II in instrument I.There are six valves altogether by valve group I33
Door, initial state are Close All state；
Step 3 opens H, I, J, E valve, starts water supply pump 23 and carries out water-filling；
Step 4 opens G, H, J valve, closes E, F valve, starts vacuum extractor 26 and is vented；
Step 5 alternately and repeatedly carries out Step 3: step 4, makes sample be in water-filling saturation state；
Step 6 opens E, F, H, I valve, is kept for a few minutes, closes I, H valve and water supply pump 23 successively, opens photoelectric sensing
Device controller 32 switchs, photoelectric sensor controller 32 automatic detection, timing, calculation permeability coefficient kt, and be automatically stored.
Infiltration coefficient Computing Principle is as follows：
In formula, kT--- the infiltration coefficient of sample, cm/s when water temperature T DEG C；12.7 --- standard sample sectional area and seepage paths
Ratio, the standard sample of permeability test is 101 × 63mm of φ, sectional area 80cm2, seepage paths 6.3cm；L --- practical examination
Sample length, cm；A --- actual samples sectional area, cm2；ηT--- the coefficient of dynamic viscosity of water at T DEG C, kpas (10-6)；
η20--- the coefficient of dynamic viscosity of water at 20 DEG C, kpas (10-6).Ratio ηT/η20With the relationship of temperature, SL237-014- is looked into
1999 tables.
Example：When sample dimensions are 79.8 × 100mm of φ, L=10cm,
Embodiment 3
In conjunction with Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 5, soil mass water of the present invention-gas-solid knot infiltration simultaneous determination instrument measures permeation coefficient process and is：
Step 1 fills sample by step one, the step 2 in embodiment 1 and fastens, opens the first stopple 1-1, use stopple
Clog second channel, third channel, the second interface tube 2-2 and third interface tube 2-3；
Step 2 opens B valves, makes pressure-measuring pipe and atmosphere, change the addition of mercury, make mercury column position alignment scale zero
Position；
Step 3 couples permeation coefficient determination system III in Fig. 1 with saturated yielding consolidation permeameter I by hose, and saturated yielding is solid
The 4th interface tube 2-4 couples with the 7th interface tube 2-7 in permeation coefficient determination system III in knot permeameter I；
Step 4 makes mercury column pressure-measuring pipe 38 consolidate permeameter I with saturated yielding and is connected to, opens A valves, connect miniature electric vacuum pump
43 pumpings make I inside of saturated yielding consolidation permeameter form certain negative pressure, wait for that the mercury column in mercury column pressure-measuring pipe 38 rises to red line position
When close A valves, outside air is penetrated by 10 internal clearance of soil sample at this time, according to height of mercury in mercury column pressure-measuring pipe 38
Change rate, control system 40 detect and data processing and show permeation coefficient automatically.
Permeation coefficient kaComputing Principle is as follows：
In formula, M --- instrumental constant, no gas chamber state M0, band gas chamber state Mv；L --- seepage paths, cm；R --- mercury
Density, 13.6g/cm3；A --- gas insulating cover area, A=30cm2；T --- mercury is by h1Drop to h2The time undergone, s；
Embodiment 4
In conjunction with Fig. 1, Fig. 2, soil mass water of the present invention-gas-solid knot infiltration simultaneous determination instrument loess self-collapsibility experiment process is：
Step 1, soil sample 10 should fill sample by step one, the step 2 in embodiment 1 and fasten under natural moisture；
Step 2, applying prestressing force makes soil sample 10 and instrument each component contact above and below, and adjusts and measure the change of soil sample 10
The zero-bit or initial value of the dial gauge 16 of shape amount；
Step 3 is gradually forced into the overlying saturation gravity pressure residing for soil sample 10, and after stabilization to be deformed, immersion makes examination
Sample Collapsing Deformation is operated according to earthwork test rule (SL237-016-1999) regulation, continuous 2 times deflection readings per hour
Number is not more than 0.01mm, i.e., until stabilization；
Step 4, experiment finish, and bleed off ponding, remove instrument, take out sample, measure 10 moisture content of soil sample, check leaching
The saturation degree of soil sample 10 after water；
Step 5 calculates self-weight collapse coefficient and draws p~δZSRelation curve.
Self-weight collapse coefficient δ is calculated by formula 4-1ZS：
In formula, h0 --- sample elemental height, mm；Hz --- the height after sample deformation is stablized in the case where being saturated gravity pressure
Degree, mm；h′Z--- in the case where being saturated gravity pressure, the height after sample immersion Collapsing Deformation stabilization, mm.
Embodiment 5
In conjunction with Fig. 1, Fig. 2, soil mass water of the present invention-gas-solid knot infiltration simultaneous determination instrument collapsibility test of loess process is：
Step 1 is operated by step one, the step 2 in embodiment 4；
Step 2 after applying the first stage pressure, is operated according to earthwork test rule (SL237-016-1999) regulation,
Continuous 2 times per hour deflection be not more than 0.01mm, that is, think stabilization.In this way, successively apply the second level and later it is at different levels
Pressure；
Step 3 determines submurged pressure according to the sedimentary condition of requirement of engineering and soil.It waits becoming under different submurged pressures
After shape is stablized, keep pressure constant, according to project situation, with immersion mode from top to bottom or from bottom to top, immersion is preferably used pure
Water, and by above-mentioned steps three measure deflection to stabilization until；
Step 4 when measuring molten worry deformation, then continues to make water seepage flow, open under submurged pressure after Collapsing Deformation stabilization
Begin to read once every 2,4,8h, later daily reading 1~3 time, (stability criterion is little for every 3 days until stabilization
In 0.01mm)；
Step 5, experiment finish, and bleed off ponding, remove instrument, take out sample, measure 10 moisture content of soil sample, check leaching
The saturation degree of soil sample 10 after water；
Step 6 calculates coefficient of collapsibility δS, molten worry deformation coefficient δωtWith p~δS, p~δωtGraph of relation.
Coefficient of collapsibility δ is calculated by formula 5-1S：
In formula, h0--- sample elemental height, mm；h1--- under certain stage pressure, the height after sample deformation stabilization, mm；
h2--- under certain stage pressure, the height after sample immersion Collapsing Deformation stabilization, mm；
Molten worry deformation coefficient δ is calculated by formula 5-2ωt：
In formula, h3--- under certain stage pressure, height of the sample after molten worry stabilization, mm.
Embodiment 6
In conjunction with Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 4, its infiltration coefficient after soil mass water of the present invention-gas-solid knot infiltration simultaneous determination instrument Loess Collapsibility
Process is：
Step 1, according to the step one in embodiment 5, two, three, four progress collapsibility test of loess；
Step 2, according to the infiltration coefficient of sample after the time-and-motion study Loess Collapsibility of embodiment 2.
Calculation permeability coefficient principle is referring to embodiment 2.
Embodiment 7
In conjunction with Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 5, its permeation coefficient after soil mass water of the present invention-gas-solid knot infiltration simultaneous determination instrument Loess Collapsibility
Process is：
Step 1, according to the step one in embodiment 5, two, three, four progress collapsibility test of loess；
Step 2, according to the permeation coefficient of sample after the time-and-motion study Loess Collapsibility of embodiment 3.
Calculation permeability coefficient principle is referring to embodiment 3.
The above is only present pre-ferred embodiments, is not imposed any restrictions to the present invention, every according to skill of the present invention
Art essence changes any simple modification, change and equivalent structure made by above example, still falls within the technology of the present invention
In the protection domain of scheme.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of soil mass water-air humidity falls into consolidation infiltration simultaneous determination instrument, including saturated yielding consolidation permeameter (I), the saturated yielding are consolidated
It includes pedestal (8) and cutting ring (7) to tie permeameter, and stepped groove, the cutting ring (7) peace are provided on the pedestal (8)
In groove, soil sample (10) is filled in cutting ring (7), which is characterized in that be set with cylindrical shape outside the cutting ring (7) and ooze
Saturating mould (6) is provided with the second interface tube (2-2) communicated with cutting ring (7) inside on described infiltration mould (6) side wall；Soil sample
(10) top is provided with pressurizing control system, and pressurizing control system includes the piston (12) being arranged above soil sample (10), institute
Pressure gauge (17) is equipped on the pressurizing control system stated to be had and the dial gauge (16) for measuring piston (12) displacement；Described
The third interface tube (2-3) and the 4th interface tube (2-4) communicated with bottom portion of groove is symmetrically arranged on pedestal (8) side wall；It is described
Analyzer further include infiltration coefficient measurement system (II) and permeation coefficient determination system (III), the infiltration coefficient measures system
System (II) consolidates permeameter (I) with saturated yielding by the second interface tube (2-2) and third interface tube (2-3) respectively and connect, described
Permeation coefficient determination system (III) consolidates permeameter (I) with saturated yielding by the 4th interface tube (2-4) and connect；
The infiltration coefficient measurement system (II) include valve group I (33) and the survey hydraulic system being connect respectively with valve group I (33),
Vacuum system, water filling system；
The survey hydraulic system includes controller (32), cylindrical pressure-measuring pipe (29), is provided in the pressure-measuring pipe (29)
Float (28), the pressure-measuring pipe (29) are set with photoelectric sensor group (30) outside；The photoelectric sensor group (30) includes
Multiple photoelectric sensors for detecting float (28) position are distributed on fixing sleeve (27) in an axial direction for fixing sleeve (27), described
Photoelectric sensor connect with controller (32), display screen (31) is additionally provided on controller (32)；
The vacuum system includes a deposit bottle (25) for carrying plug, and deposit bottle (25) is internal to pass through plug by pipeline
It is connect with a vacuum extractor (26)；
The water filling system includes water tank (24), and water supply pump (23), the side of water tank (24) are provided in the water tank (24)
It is opened up on wall there are one interface tube, water tank (24) is connected with overflow device (22), the overflow device (22) position by interface tube
Higher than water tank；
Pressure-measuring pipe (29) in the survey hydraulic system is connect with the water tank (24) in water filling system；
The permeation coefficient determination system (III) include control system, valve group II (44), survey baric systerm, vacuum pump (43) and
Gas chamber (42)；Wherein valve group II (44) is connect with vacuum pump (43), gas chamber (42), survey baric systerm respectively；
The survey baric systerm includes mercury column pressure-measuring pipe (38), and the mercury column pressure-measuring pipe (38) is U-shaped structure, mercury column pressure measurement
One end of pipe (38) offers mercury column entrance (36), and the outer cover of mercury column pressure-measuring pipe (38) is equipped with multiple along mercury column pressure-measuring pipe (38)
The infrared electro composite module (41) being axially distributed, each infrared electro composite module (41) and the control system (40)
Connection, control system (40) are connected with battery feed (39)；The survey baric systerm further includes surge chamber, the buffering
Room includes the babinet (34) of rectangle, and there are one U-shaped mouth cushion chamber directed downwardly (35), cushion chamber (35) one end for the interior setting of babinet (34)
It is connect with the end of mercury column pressure measurement (38) pipe, the other end of cushion chamber (35) is located in babinet (34), on babinet (34) side wall
Through-hole is offered, one end that through-hole is located at cabinet exterior is equipped with the 4th stopple (1-4)；
Mercury column pressure-measuring pipe (38) side is provided with scale (37), and scale (37) is located under surge chamber, and scale (37) and mercury column
Pressure-measuring pipe (38) is parallel.
2. soil mass water-air humidity as described in claim 1 falls into consolidation infiltration simultaneous determination instrument, which is characterized in that the cutting ring
(7) cylindrical shape sample block set (5), sample block set (5) internal diameter and cutting ring (7) outer diameter are provided between infiltration mould (6)
Match；The bottom end and top of the soil sample (10) are respectively arranged with lower permeable stone (9) and upper dankness stone (11), wherein on
Permeable stone is located between soil sample (10) and piston (12), and lower permeable stone (9) is located between groove and soil sample (10).
3. soil mass water-air humidity as described in claim 1 falls into consolidation infiltration simultaneous determination instrument, which is characterized in that the pressurization
Control system includes cylinder (13), and column is provided on the pedestal, and cylinder is removably mounted at cutting ring by flange (3)
(7) top, and cylinder (13) internal diameter is identical as cutting ring (7) internal diameter；
The piston is assemblied in cylinder (13), and the piston rod that piston (12) is penetrated with one at the top of cylinder (13) is connect,
Piston rod inner is provided with air passage, is provided with the first passage being connected to air passage on the outer wall of piston rod, on first passage
It is equipped with the first stopple (1-1)；The measurement end of the dial gauge (16) is contacted with piston rod part；Setting at the top of cylinder (13)
With the second channel that be connected to inside cylinder (13), it is equipped with the second stopple (1-2) on second channel, on cylinder (13) side wall symmetrically
It is provided with the first interface tube (2-1) and third channel, third stopple (1-3) is equipped on third channel；
The pressurizing control system further includes pressure reducing valve (19), one end of pressure reducing valve (19) by the first shut-off valve (20-1) with
Air source (21) connects, and the other end of pressure reducing valve (19) is separately connected the pressure gauge by a three-way pipe interface (18)
(17), the first interface tube (2-1)；It is provided with the second shut-off valve between the first interface tube (2-1) and three-way pipe interface (18)
(20-2)。
4. soil mass water-air humidity as described in claim 1 falls into consolidation infiltration simultaneous determination instrument, which is characterized in that the valve group I
(33) include E valves, F valves, G valves, H valves, I valves and J valves, wherein I valves both ends are connect with one end of E valves and G valves respectively, E valves it is another
One end is connect with pressure-measuring pipe (29) bottom in pressure measurement control system, and the other end of G valves passes through the storage in pipeline and vacuum system
Connection inside standby bottle (25), J valves both ends are connect with one end of H valves and F valves respectively, the confession in the other end and water filling system of H valves
Water pump (23) connects, and the other end of F valves and the overflow device (22) of water filling system connect, and one end that I valves are connect with E valves is also associated with
5th interface tube (2-5), one end that J valves are connect with F valves are also associated with the 6th interface tube (2-6), the 5th interface tube (2-
5) it is connect with the 4th interface tube (2-4), the 6th interface tube (2-6) connects with the third interface tube (2-3)
It connects.
5. soil mass water-air humidity as described in claim 1 falls into consolidation infiltration simultaneous determination instrument, which is characterized in that the valve group
II (44) are made of three interface valves, respectively A valves, B valves, C valves；One end of wherein C valves is connected with the 7th interface tube (2-7), C
The other end of valve is connect with the cushion chamber (35) in A valves, B valves and surge chamber respectively；A valves are connect with vacuum pump (43), B valves with
Gas chamber (42) connection.
6. soil mass water-air humidity as described in claim 1 falls into consolidation infiltration simultaneous determination instrument, which is characterized in that the cutting ring
(7) inner wall is coated with one layer of vaseline thin layer.
7. soil mass water-air humidity as claimed in claim 3 falls into consolidation infiltration simultaneous determination instrument, which is characterized in that the cylinder
(13) fixed column (14) is installed on, table folder (15) is provided in fixed column (14), the dial gauge (16) is mounted on table folder
(15) on.
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| CN115561135B (en) * | 2021-12-01 | 2024-01-30 | 上海勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Flexible wall vertical permeameter |
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