CN106840851B - The unsaturated soil direct shear apparatus experimental rig of adjustable shearing ring diameter - Google Patents
The unsaturated soil direct shear apparatus experimental rig of adjustable shearing ring diameter Download PDFInfo
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- CN106840851B CN106840851B CN201710139915.4A CN201710139915A CN106840851B CN 106840851 B CN106840851 B CN 106840851B CN 201710139915 A CN201710139915 A CN 201710139915A CN 106840851 B CN106840851 B CN 106840851B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of unsaturated soil direct shear apparatus experimental rig of adjustable shearing ring diameter, including upper and lower shear box, the upper and lower shear box includes round flexible steel disc, steel disc follow block and shearing shell；The shearing shell is equilateral triangle, steel disc follow block is connected in the middle part of each side of triangle, respectively in the fixed round flexible steel disc in three directions, upper and lower shear box is bolted to connection the steel disc follow block.The unsaturated soil direct shear apparatus experimental rig of the adjustable shearing ring diameter of the present invention, can solve the problems, such as that soil body drying shrinkage cannot be bonded with shear box inner wall, improve the precision of unsaturation soil body strength test, design is easy, light and handy, easy to operate, integrated performance is good, is widely used.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of unsaturated soil direct shear apparatus experimental rigs of adjustable shearing ring diameter, belong to geotechnical engineering survey
Measuring appratus manufacturing technology and testing field.
Background technique
Water velocity is very slow in unsaturated soil, and to make specimen deformation, pore pressure homogenization, loading speed is than full in shearing test
Much smaller with soil, test lasts also much longer.Compared with triaxial test, unsaturated soil direct shear apparatus structure is simple, easy to operate,
Especially sample thickness is small, and test, which lasts, to be greatly shortened, thus test efficiency can be improved.
In the change procedure of suction, soil body volume change can be very big, such as the special natures such as bentonite, red clay
Clay soil.Using bentonite as class, bentonite has obviously moisture expansion and drying shrinkage characteristic.The swelling in the case where carrying out different suction controls
When the direct shear test of soil sample, the desiccation contraction of the soil body can be detached from existing conventional magnetic shear box inner wall, influence direct shear test knot
The accuracy of fruit.If being cut into cutting ring sample on unsaturation bulk sample, if suction is very high namely sample moisture content is lower,
Intensity is high, and soil sample is frangible, is not easy cutting block forming, and sample preparation is caused to fail, and tests time-consuming and laborious.So being highly desirable to design one kind
The new-type construction shear box for adjusting shearing ring diameter can be facilitated to solve unsaturated soil in suction situation of change according to soil sample size
The problem of lower volume changes, thus more accurate measurement unsaturated soil shear strength.
In addition, the suction control range of conventional unsaturated soil direct shear apparatus is limited at present, axis is mainly applied in suction control
Panning techniques, suction force range depend on the range of pottery clay plates, usually 40kPa-2MPa, so soil sample can not be 2MPa's or more
Shearing test is carried out under suction.Therefore, the existing unsaturated soil direct shear apparatus by axial translation technology controlled suction, can not
Solve the problems, such as the Practical Project of high suction control.To solve this problem it is necessary to develop new unsaturated soil direct shear apparatus.Steam
Balancing method suction control technique is one of the effective way for realizing high suction control, and basic skills is that one is placed in drier
Determine certain chemical solution of concentration, then the vapour pressure in container the relative humidity in balance, such container will will protect therewith
It holds constant.Soil sample is placed in same humidity environment, also will reach balance with the vapour pressure in container, to reach suction control
Purpose, Observation of The Suction range be 40kPa-262MPa.
The unsaturated soil direct shear apparatus of adjustable shearing ring diameter proposed by the invention can be used to carry out conventional saturation
The direct shear test research of soil, unsaturated soil can carry out the unsaturated soil direct shear test under suction control, especially for suction
The sample of volume contraction after balance can shear ring size according to the diameter adjustment of sample, carry out strength test under high suction.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to for deficiency existing for prior art, provide a kind of adjustable the non-of shearing ring diameter to satisfy
With native direct shear apparatus experimental rig, the diameter of the soil body can be measured under real-time conditions, obtained volume of the soil body under different conditions and become
Change, solves the problems, such as that soil body drying shrinkage cannot be bonded with shear box inner wall, obtain the direct shear strength of the soil body under different suction.The instrument
Design is easy, light and handy, and easy to operate, integraty is good, has a wide range of application.
To achieve the above object of the invention, prior art problem is solved, insight of the invention is that
The present apparatus includes upper shear box and lower shear box, and upper and lower shear box is essentially identical, respectively includes scalable steel disc, steel
Piece follow block and shearing shell three parts.Flexible steel disc is steel with strong elasticity production, has biggish resilience.Steel disc follow block
At T-shaped, by rectangle steel plate, stretch rod iron, spring, screw and screw buckle composition.Shearing shell is equilateral triangle knot
Structure is the outer wall of shear box, wherein three pin points are respectively fixing threaded hole, is used to fixed shear box up and down.
Conceived according to foregoing invention, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
A kind of unsaturated soil direct shear apparatus experimental rig of adjustable shearing ring diameter, including upper and lower shear box, it is described it is upper,
Lower shear box includes round flexible steel disc, steel disc follow block and shearing shell；The shearing shell is equilateral triangle, triangle
Each side in the middle part of connect steel disc follow block, the steel disc follow block is upper and lower to shear respectively in the fixed round flexible steel disc in three directions
Box is bolted to connection.
The steel disc follow block is at T-shaped, and by rectangle steel plate, stretch rod iron, spring, nut and screw buckle composition；Institute
One end that flexible rod iron is welded among rectangle steel plate exterior measuring is stated, the other end for the rod iron that stretches stretches out shearing shell, passes through nut
Fixed, the screw buckle is mounted on the outside of nut, is equipped with rubber ring between nut and shearing shell and is rubbed with reducing, described
Spring pocket is mounted on flexible rod iron, is located between shearing shell and rectangle steel plate.
The starting point of the round flexible steel disc has section of stretching out to stretch out rectangle steel plate, and measurement soil sample is equipped with above section of stretching out
The scale of diameter；The end of the round flexible steel disc is connected by fixed pin with rectangle steel plate, is surveyed in rectangle steel plate
Round guide wheel is installed in centre, is equipped with groove on the outside of the flexible steel disc of circle, and round guide wheel is matched with groove, so that round flexible
When steel disc is flexible without departing from.
Three vertex of the shearing shell of the upper shear box are respectively equipped with perforative upper screw hole, outside the shearing of lower shear box
Three vertex of shell are respectively equipped with perforative lower screw hole, for injecting bolt, fixed upper and lower shear box；Three, shell tops of shearing
Point carries out rounded corners respectively, in case instrument is destroyed when shearing in tip.
Compared with prior art, the present invention having following obvious substantive distinguishing features and remarkable advantage outstanding:
The present invention is triangle in appearance rather than the square of traditional direct shear box, and structure is simple, so greatly reducing
Use material.Using scalable internal diameter device, the direct shear box of existing unsaturated soil is transformed by saturated soil direct shear box, does not consider sample
Bring shearing error is shunk, the steel loop for shrinking internal diameter is arranged around sample, sample is put into steel loop for this experimental rig,
Adjustable steel loop internal diameter guarantees that shearing sample completely attaches to shear box.Shrink the quarter for having measurement sample internal diameter on the steel loop of internal diameter
Degree, the internal diameter of soil sample can be measured when filling sample.The experimental rig can measure the direct shear strength of saturated soil, unsaturated soil, together
When, it can be used on saturated soil staight scissors frame, can also control in pressure chamber and use in unsaturation soil suction.
The experimental rig that this test method is relied on, simple structure, design is light and handy, and easy to operate, integrated performance is good,
Effect is extensive.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the upper shear box top view of the unsaturated soil direct shear apparatus experimental rig of the adjustable shearing ring diameter of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the lower shear box top view of the unsaturated soil direct shear apparatus experimental rig of the adjustable shearing ring diameter of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the upper shear box side view of the unsaturated soil direct shear apparatus experimental rig of the adjustable shearing ring diameter of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the lower shear box side view of the unsaturated soil direct shear apparatus experimental rig of the adjustable shearing ring diameter of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the shear box cross-sectional view of the unsaturated soil direct shear apparatus experimental rig of the adjustable shearing ring diameter of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the unsaturated soil shear pressure of the unsaturated soil direct shear apparatus experimental rig of the adjustable shearing ring diameter of the present invention
Room cross-sectional view.
Fig. 7 is the three-dimensional figure of the unsaturated soil direct shear apparatus experimental rig of the adjustable shearing ring diameter of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is the construction diagrams of the unsaturated soil direct shear apparatus experimental rig of the adjustable shearing ring diameter of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Details are as follows for a preferred embodiment of the present invention combination attached drawing:
Referring to Fig. 1-5, a kind of unsaturated soil direct shear apparatus experimental rig of adjustable shearing ring diameter, including shear above and below
Box, the upper and lower shear box include round flexible steel disc 1, steel disc follow block 8 and shearing shell 6；The shearing shell 6 be etc.
Side triangle, each side middle part of triangle connect steel disc follow block 8, and the steel disc follow block 8 is fixed round in three directions respectively
Flexible steel disc 1, upper and lower shear box are fixedly connected by bolt 15.
The steel disc follow block 8 is at T-shaped, and by rectangle steel plate 7, stretch rod iron 9, spring 10, nut 3 and screw buckle 4
Composition；One end that flexible rod iron 9 is welded among 7 exterior measuring of rectangle steel plate, the other end for the rod iron 9 that stretches stretch out shearing shell
6, fixed by nut 3, the screw buckle 4 is mounted on the outside of nut 3, is equipped with rubber ring between nut 3 and shearing shell 6
14 to reduce friction, and the spring 10 is sleeved on flexible rod iron 9, is located between shearing shell 6 and rectangle steel plate 7.It is rectangular
A length of 125mm ± the 0.1mm of shape steel plate 7, width are 5mm ± 0.1mm, a height of 30mm ± 0.1mm.Flexible rod iron 9 is 45mm long ±
0.1mm, radius 5mm ± 0.1mm.3 radius 10mm ± 0.1mm of nut.
The starting point of the round flexible steel disc 1 has section of stretching out 12 to stretch out rectangle steel plate 7, and section of stretching out 12 is equipped with surveys above
Measure the scale of soil sample diameter；The end of the round flexible steel disc 1 is connected by fixed pin 11 with rectangle steel plate 7, rectangular
The round guide wheel 2 of intermediate installation is surveyed in shape steel plate 7, and groove 13, round guide wheel 2 and groove 13 are equipped on the outside of the flexible steel disc 1 of circle
Match so that when round flexible steel disc 1 stretches without departing from.The flexible steel disc 1 of circle in a relaxed state internal diameter be 61.8mm ±
0.1mm, outer diameter are 64.8mm ± 0.1mm, are highly 20mm ± 0.1mm, and wall thickness is 4mm ± 0.2mm；In outer wall away from lower end away from
There is an annular groove 13 at the 8mm ± 0.1mm of face, the depth of groove 13 is 1mm ± 0.1mm, and groove 13 is around entire round flexible
Steel disc 1；Round guide wheel 2 a length of 125mm ± 0.1mm, wide 1mm ± 0.1mm, high 1mm ± 0.1mm.
Three vertex of the shearing shell 6 of the upper shear box are respectively equipped with perforative upper screw hole 5, the shearing of lower shear box
Three vertex of shell 6 are respectively equipped with perforative lower screw hole 17, for injecting bolt 15, fixed upper and lower shear box；Shear shell
6 three vertex carry out rounded corners 16 respectively, in case instrument is destroyed when shearing in tip.The peripheral wall length for shearing shell 6 is 205mm
± 0.1mm is highly 30mm ± 0.1mm, with a thickness of 15mm ± 0.1mm.Screw hole radius is 3.5mm ± 0.01mm.Rounded corners
Radius is 7.5mm ± 0.01mm.
Referring to Fig. 1-6, shear box closes the unsaturated soil direct shear apparatus experimental rig of the adjustable shearing ring diameter of the present invention up and down
It can be put into after and in unsaturated soil experiment direct shear apparatus, control diameter while controlled suction in this way.In the lower shear box of Fig. 2
In, auger boring 18 is arranged at bottom, facilitates pottery clay plates saturation and washes away bubble.The adjusting nut 3 sheared in box wall is unscrewed, makes to justify
The flexible steel disc 1 of shape reaches relaxed state, and the circle of this state stretches 1 diameter of steel disc for 61.8mm.Shear box is put into unsaturation
In direct shear apparatus pressure chamber, there are two guide rails 19 for lower shear box bottom, and guide rail is put to two Teflon on direct shear apparatus bracket
On ball pulley 20, material is polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), to reduce friction.Shear box is sheared under fixed on hold-down bars 23 in fixation
Box is on propulsion stick 21.Pressure bar 24 is directed at gland version center, pressure chamber's cover board 29 is covered, tightens cover board screw 26.Hydraulic pressure
Pipe 27 connects hydraulic pressure, and pneumatic tube 28 connects air pressure.
The present embodiment relies on above-mentioned experimental provision for direct shear strength measurement after soil deformation under high suction and deformation and changes
Calculation method, experimental procedure are as follows:
1. installation steps: upper and lower shear box being closed, 3 bolts 15 are screwed on, the nut 3 sheared in box wall is unscrewed, is made
The flexible steel disc 1 of circle reaches relaxed state, and the diameter of this state is 61.8mm.Shear box is put on direct shear apparatus, lower shearing
There are two guide rails 19 in cassette bottom portion, and guide rail is put 20 on two Teflon ball pulleys on direct shear apparatus bracket, to reduce friction.
Upper shear box resists stress steel loop 23, measures stress, and lower shear box resists propulsion device 22, propulsion when being sheared.It is shearing
Cassette bottom portion puts permeable stone 30, and one layer of filter paper 31 is put on permeable stone, and the soil sample 32 for controlling suction is put into shear box, will
Adjusting nut 3 in shearing box wall is tightened, and is adjusted flexible steel disc 1 and is close to test soil sample 32, writes down flexible steel disc scale 13, can be with
Obtain soil sample diameter.It puts one layer of filter paper 33 again on sample, puts permeable stone 34 on filter paper, then put by cover clamp 35,
It is added by cover clamp by pressure device 24.So far, the installation of test device is completed
2. test method: mobile gear makes box front end steel ball 20 just successively put pressure transmission plate with force gauge contacts
Increased pressure frame 24, installs vertical displacement and horizontal displacement measures device 23, and is adjusted to zero-bit or surveys note initial reading.According to engineering reality
The soft or hard degree of border and soil applies pressure at right angles at different levels, should be classified application to soft sample pressure at right angle, to prevent soil sample extrusion.It pulls out
Fixed pin 15 is removed, is sheared with certain shear velocity, the every generation shear displacemant of sample surveys note dynamometer and displacement readings,
Until dynamometer, which is read, peak value occurs, shearing should be continued to shutdown when destroying, write down destruction value when dynamometer reading in shear history
When number is without peak value, should shear to shear displacemant be 6mm when shutdown, shearing terminates, shearing force of decorporating and pressure at right angle, mobile pressurization
Frame 24 takes out sample 32.Using shear stress as ordinate, shear displacemant is abscissa, draws shear stress and shear displacemant relationship
Curve.The peak value for taking shear stress on curve is shearing strength, and it is that shearing resistance is strong that when no peak value, which takes shear stress corresponding to shear displacemant,
Degree.Using shearing strength as ordinate, pressure at right angle is abscissa, draws shearing strength and pressure at right angle relation curve, straight line
Inclination angle is angle of friction, and the intercept of straight line on the vertical scale is cohesive strength.Data are carried out to the shear strength of the sample of different-diameter
Processing, and the shear strength data with the sample of same physical index in conventional direct shear apparatus compare, and obtain for this kind
The dimension conversion coefficient of the instrument of soil, obtains the intensity index of accurately unsaturated soil.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of unsaturated soil direct shear apparatus experimental rig of adjustable shearing ring diameter, including upper and lower shear box, feature exist
In the upper and lower shear box includes round flexible steel disc (1), steel disc follow block (8) and shearing shell (6)；The shearing shell
(6) it is equilateral triangle, connects steel disc follow block (8) in the middle part of each side of triangle, the steel disc follow block (8) is respectively three sides
To fixed round flexible steel disc (1), upper and lower shear box is fixedly connected by bolt (15)；
The steel disc follow block (8) by rectangle steel plate (7), is stretched rod iron (9) at T-shaped, spring (10), nut (3) and screw
Buckle (4) composition；Intermediate one end for welding flexible rod iron (9) on the outside of the rectangle steel plate (7), stretch the another of rod iron (9)
Shearing shell (6) is stretched out at end, fixed by nut (3), and the screw buckle (4) is mounted on the outside of nut (3), nut (3)
Rubber ring (14) are equipped between shearing shell (6) to reduce friction, the spring (10) is sleeved on flexible rod iron (9), position
Between shearing shell (6) and rectangle steel plate (7)；
The starting point of round flexible steel disc (1) has section of stretching out (12) to stretch out rectangle steel plate (7), and section of stretching out (12) is set above
There is the scale of measurement soil sample diameter；The end of round flexible steel disc (1) passes through fixed pin (11) and rectangle steel plate (7) phase
Even, intermediate on the inside of rectangle steel plate (7) that round guide wheel (2) is installed, groove (13) are equipped on the outside of circle flexible steel disc (1),
Round guide wheel (2) matches with groove (13) so that when round flexible steel disc (1) is flexible without departing from.
2. the unsaturated soil direct shear apparatus experimental rig of adjustable shearing ring diameter according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
Three vertex of the shearing shell (6) of the upper shear box are respectively equipped with perforative upper screw hole (5), the shearing shell of lower shear box
(6) three vertex are respectively equipped with perforative lower screw hole (17), for injecting bolt (15), fixed upper and lower shear box；Shearing is outer
(6) three vertex of shell carry out rounded corners (16) respectively, in case instrument is destroyed when shearing in tip.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710139915.4A CN106840851B (en) | 2017-03-10 | 2017-03-10 | The unsaturated soil direct shear apparatus experimental rig of adjustable shearing ring diameter |
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| CN201710139915.4A CN106840851B (en) | 2017-03-10 | 2017-03-10 | The unsaturated soil direct shear apparatus experimental rig of adjustable shearing ring diameter |
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| CN106840851A CN106840851A (en) | 2017-06-13 |
| CN106840851B true CN106840851B (en) | 2019-06-04 |
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Granted publication date: 20190604 |