CN106066298B - Volume measurement device and measurement method based on flat small sample unsaturated soil triaxial test - Google Patents
Volume measurement device and measurement method based on flat small sample unsaturated soil triaxial test Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 title description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 241000669003 Aspidiotus destructor Species 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002627 tracheal intubation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 238000005293 physical law Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 57
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 11
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- 229920005479 Lucite® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000002583 cell-derived microparticle Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013068 control sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/088—Investigating volume, surface area, size or distribution of pores; Porosimetry
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for measuring volume based on a flat small sample unsaturated soil triaxial test. The invention has the advantages that: the method is suitable for unsaturated soil; the device aims at a flat small sample, the thickness of the flat small sample is smaller than that of a conventional triaxial sample, and the time consumption of a soil-water characteristic curve test is greatly shortened; the physical law of convex lens amplification is ingeniously utilized, the pressure chamber cover and confining pressure water form a convex lens, people visually observe the orthographic projection reading of the end part of the steel needle on the ruler, and the orthographic projection is clear in resolution on the ruler and accurate in reading; according to the trapezoidal median theorem, the diameter of the sample is calculated through the reading of the steel needle on the transparent graduated scale, the error caused by the installation of the steel needle is eliminated by the calculation method, and the result is more accurate; the device has reasonable principle, high measurement precision, simplicity and economy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to indoor centrifugal modeling test device, in particular for studying the quiet triaxial apparatus of the unsaturation soil body, category
In Geotechnical Engineering test and unsaturated soils theory experimental facilities category.
Background technology
The soil of " civil engineering " is divided into saturated soil and unsaturated soil, and 90 percent land penus is in unsaturated soil model
Farmland.In recent years, with the requirement more and more higher in the Important Project of countries and regions to soil body Research on Mechanical Properties, it is desirable to indoor soil
Work experiment condition is consistent with Practical Project, and the mechanical characteristic in-house laboratory investigation for unsaturated soil is trend of the times.
Before eighties of last century the nineties, equipment development technology cannot also realize unsaturation mechanical test, and since 21 century, in the world
Start to develop and promote unsaturated soils theory characteristic test equipment.
One of powerful as research unsaturated soil engineering properties, soil-water characteristic curve is suction in description unsaturated soil
The curve of relation between power and saturation degree or volumetric(al) moisture content.It can reflect numerous properties of unsaturated soil, such as permeability, body
Change, intensity, stress state etc..Meanwhile, used as a basic constitutive relation for explaining unsaturated soil behavior, soil-water characteristic curve is
One of important relationship that theoretical, experiment and Forecasting Methodology are organically combined, is also the base for constructing the various important relationships of unsaturated soil
Plinth, therefore, the relevant nature for studying unsaturated soil by soil-water characteristic curve has great importance.
Soil-water characteristic curve method for measurement conventional at present, such as pressure plate apparatus method, heat-sensitive sensor method, balance of steam method,
The principle of dialysis and filter paper method is the soil-water characteristic curve of sample under the measurement boundary state of stress, does not consider soil deformation, answers
Influence of the power state to soil-water characteristic curve；And another name for Sichuan Province soil is generally in the non-boundary state of stress under the unsaturation under native state,
And there is power-water coincidence effect in the Volume Changes of unsaturated soil and water retention characteristic, its mechanics occur simultaneously with hydraulics behavior and
Influence each other, cause above-mentioned method for measurement to there is limitation in the soil-water characteristic curve of another name for Sichuan Province soil under studying original state.Unsaturated soil is consolidated
Knot instrument with the vertical stress in Control Assay, but can cannot measure the radial stress in sample；Stress-type volumetric pressure plate instrument with
Although unsaturated soil triaxial apparatus with the stress state of precise control sample and can measure sample body and become, complete volume of sample compared with
Greatly, the experiment used time is more long.So, by reducing the height of three axle samples, can be in the stress state of accurate measurement sample and body
While change, effectively shorten test period.
In terms of existing sound triaxial apparatus volume measurement, employ ectosome and become indirect measurement method, that is, measure and tested
The body for changing to represent the soil body of Cheng Zhong triaxial cells inner volume becomes, and sample in the same time is calculated not according to sample initial volume
Volume.The defect of the method is that balancing gate pit is regarded as absolute rigidity structure, its constancy of volume when confined pressure is applied.However, logical
Frequently with balancing gate pit's material to be that may not realize above-mentioned requirements under conditions of lucite.Using ectosome variable
Survey method, it is more accurate to ensure measurement result during with lucite as balancing gate pit's material, fixation pressure is generally demarcated before experiment
The Volume Changes of lower balancing gate pit, then the body variate to experimental result be modified.Obviously the process demarcated seems cumbersome and not
It is certain accurate, it is therefore necessary to which that exploitation is based on flat sample unsaturated soil triaxial test volume measurement device.
In recent years, except original colleges and universities and R＆D institution are because longitudinal scientific research project is to the unsaturation such as unsaturation triaxial apparatus geotechnique
Outside the demand of equipment, the geotechnical engineering investigation such as water conservancy, electric power, geology, oil, mountain region disaster, mine, railway, ocean, design with
Unit in charge of construction's demand rapidly increases, and is mainly used in Important Project design and construction.Based on flat sample unsaturated soil triaxial test
The application of volume measurement device, the need for engineering and scientific research bound pair scientific research apparatus can be met, with experimental principle rationally, experiment surveys
Examination high precision, the used time is shorter for experiment, technical feasibility advantage.
The content of the invention
Goal of the invention：The present invention is intended to provide a kind of accurate unsaturated soil cubing dress of simple and practical, measurement
Put, to solve the above problems.
Technical scheme：Based on flat sample unsaturated soil triaxial test volume measurement device, including air-entry value pottery clay plates high
Base, support column, horizontal cross transparent scale chi, level longitudinal direction transparent scale chi, horizontal draw point, longitudinal draw point is vertical transparent
Graduated scale, sample, permeable stone, pottery clay plates, gas pressure regulator intubation, backpressure controllers intubation, sample cap, rubber membrane, rubber ring；
Wherein：Air-entry value pottery clay plates base high is in boss type structure, and the built-in circular pottery clay plates of circular groove, air-entry value pottery high are arranged at its top
Native plate chassis interior has cylindrical cavity, for backpressure controllers intubation of planting；Sample is from manufactured goods cylinder unsaturated soil
Sample, is positioned on pottery clay plates, and the diameter of sample is suitable with air-entry value pottery clay plates base top surface high；Sample cap is installed for cylinder
On permeable stone, its diameter is suitable with permeable stone, has a circular hole on sample cap for gas pressure regulator intubation of planting；Rubber membrane point
Sample cap, permeable stone, sample, one section containing pottery clay plates of air-entry value pottery clay plates base high are not wrapped as overall, then use rubber
Rubber membrane is located at cushion rubber into sample cap and pottery clay plates air-entry value pottery clay plates base portion high is tightened, it is therefore an objective to prevents balancing gate pit from covering interior
The entrance of confined pressure water；Horizontal draw point and longitudinal draw point each pair be arranged on the outside of rubber membrane in the range of specimen height, horizontal steel
Pin and longitudinal draw point are parallel with sample top surface and bottom surface, and the midpoint of draw point is fixed on the outside of rubber membrane；Horizontal draw point and vertical
It is the vertical relation of antarafacial to draw point；Support column is set on the step of air-entry value pottery clay plates base high, for being bonded horizontal cross
Transparent scale chi, level longitudinal direction transparent scale chi and vertical transparent scale chi；The number of horizontal cross transparent scale chi is two
In same level and parallel, the number of level longitudinal direction transparent scale chi is vertical transparent for two in same level and parallel
The number of graduated scale is one；Set vertical with longitudinal draw point during horizontal cross transparent scale chi, it is longitudinally transparent that level is set
It is vertical with horizontal draw point during graduated scale.
Apparatus of the present invention are arranged in balancing gate pit's cover based on flat sample unsaturated soil triaxial test volume measuring method,
Sample cap connects gas pressure regulator, and pottery clay plates air-entry value pottery clay plates base connection backpressure controllers high fill in the cover of final pressure room
Full air free water.The convex lens that balancing gate pit's cover is constituted with confined pressure water, to the reading of orthographic projection of the draw point on transparent scale chi
Amplify, it is as a result more accurate.When the reading of orthographic projection of the above-mentioned two pairs of draw points on transparent scale chi is used for asking the diameter of sample, can
It is average to carry out three times, make result more accurate.
The present invention is had the advantage that including suitable for unsaturated soil；The device is directed to flat small sample, and flat small sample is thick
Degree is less than normal triaxial sample, and soil-water characteristic curve experiment used time greatly shortens；
The ingenious physics law that make use of convex lens to amplify of the present invention, balancing gate pit's cover constitutes convex lens with confined pressure water, and people is visual
The reading of orthographic projection of the draw point end on chi, orthographic projection is differentiated clearly on chi, and reading is accurate；
According to trapezoidal neutrality line theorem, the reading by draw point on transparent scale chi calculates specimen finish, computational methods
Eliminate error caused by draw point is installed；
Rationally, accuracy in measurement is high, simple economy for principle of device.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the top view of volume measurement device；
Fig. 2 is the partial side elevation view of volume measurement device；
Fig. 3 is the profile of volume measurement device；
Fig. 4 is this unsaturated soil Triaxial tester schematic diagram；
Fig. 5 is the draw point arrangement schematic diagram at sample on the outside of rubber membrane in volume measurement device.
Fig. 6 is draw point end orthographic projection number reading method schematic diagram on horizontal transparent graduated scale.
In figure：1 is air-entry value pottery clay plates base high, and 2 is support column, and 3 is horizontal cross transparent scale chi, and 4 is that level is indulged
To transparent scale chi, 5 is horizontal draw point, and 6 is longitudinal draw point, and 7 is vertical transparent scale chi, and 8 is sample, and 9 is permeable stone, and 10 are
Pottery clay plates, 11 is gas pressure regulator intubation, and 12 is backpressure controllers intubation, and 13 is sample cap, and 14 is rubber membrane, and 15 is rubber
Circle.
Specific embodiment
Specific embodiment of the invention is described in detail below as explanation accompanying drawing.
Such as lower component, the present apparatus is specifically included as shown in Figures 1 to 6, and air-entry value pottery clay plates base 1 high is in boss type structure,
The built-in circular pottery clay plates 10 of circular groove are arranged at its top, have cylindrical cavity inside air-entry value pottery clay plates base 1 high, for planting
Backpressure controllers intubation 12.Sample 8 be from manufactured goods cylinder unsaturated soil, be positioned on pottery clay plates 10, the diameter of sample 8 with
Pottery clay plates 10 are suitable.Sample cap 13 is arranged on permeable stone 9 for cylinder, and its diameter quite, has with permeable stone 9 on sample cap 13
One circular hole is used for gas pressure regulator intubation 11 of planting.Rubber membrane 14 is respectively by sample cap 13, permeable stone 9, sample 8, air-entry value high
Pottery clay plates base 1 is wrapped containing one section of pottery clay plates 10 as overall, then with rubber ring 15 by rubber membrane 14 positioned at sample cap and
Pottery clay plates air-entry value pottery clay plates base portion high is tightened, it is therefore an objective to prevent balancing gate pit from covering the entrance of interior confined pressure water.In balancing gate pit's cover
The sample that confined pressure water is wrapped up rubber membrane applies confined pressure, rubber membrane is brought into close contact all the time with specimen surface, sample body in experiment
Product is when changing, and draw point on rubber membrane is fixed on sample radial variations parallel to bottom surface on sample and mid-length
Synchronous shift.Rubber ring 15 is respectively 2~6 in the upper and lower number of sample.Horizontal draw point 5 and longitudinal draw point 6 each pair be arranged on
The outside of rubber membrane 14 in the altitude range of sample 8, as shown in Figure 5：The midpoint of four draw points is exactly draw point and specimen height scope
Point of contact on the outside of interior rubber membrane；Horizontal draw point 5 and longitudinal draw point 6 are the vertical relations of antarafacial, so set and both facilitate reading,
Facilitate and measure specimen finish in different height.Some support columns 2 are set on the step of air-entry value pottery clay plates base 1 high, respectively
For be bonded horizontal cross transparent scale chi 3 (equivalent to the x-axis of space coordinates), level longitudinal direction transparent scale chi 4 (equivalent to
The y-axis of space coordinates) and vertical transparent scale chi 7 (equivalent to the z-axis of space coordinates).Horizontal cross transparent scale chi 3
Number for two in same level and parallel；The number of level longitudinal direction transparent scale chi 4 for two in same level and
It is parallel；The number of vertical transparent scale chi 7 is one.Horizontal cross, level longitudinal direction and vertical transparent scale chi can be used
1~2 support column 2 carries out bonding support.Set vertical with longitudinal draw point 6 during horizontal cross transparent scale chi 3；Setting level
It is vertical with horizontal draw point 5 during longitudinal transparent scale chi 4.
The effect of pottery clay plates 10 is the interface between unsaturated soil and measuring pore water pressure system, is prevented above
Air permeable；The effect of permeable stone 9 is that the air pressure in sample cap is dispersed in into sample soil surface；The effect of backpressure controllers
It is the pore water pressure and sample pore water Volume Changes in measurement, Control Assay；The effect of gas pressure regulator be measure,
Pore air pressure and the product change of whole system hollow gas in control soil sample；The effect of confined pressure controller is to measure, control examination
Confined pressure suffered by sample, confined pressure is not less than air pressure and pore water pressure in sample all the time, in precise control sample stress state
Ensure that rubber membrane is fitted tightly over specimen surface all the time simultaneously, it is ensured that the validity of volume measuring equipment reading.
Longitudinally, laterally draw point is installed, and during the part such as each reading transparent scale chi, should be weighed by vertical, L-square etc.
Device, it is ensured that installation accuracy.Must be accurate and quick during fixed each part, can be pre-fixed using etch slide gel glue, work as level
Or after perpendicular positioning, wink dry agent, acceleration components positioning are applied on gel glue, it is to avoid the displacement of part becomes in glue hardening process
Shape.
The longitudinal transparent scale chi 4 of level staggers with horizontal cross transparent scale chi 3 and highly set, but transparent scale chi in the same direction
Fixed in sustained height level.Horizontal cross draw point 5, level longitudinal direction draw point 6 is set at the residing height of sample 8 in rubber membrane 14
Each pair.In experiment, and the present apparatus is arranged in balancing gate pit's cover (being cylinder), air free water is full of in balancing gate pit's cover, this
The periphery of sample balancing gate pit constitutes convex lens with confined pressure water.Read the left and right sides draw point orthographic projection on transparent scale chi of sample 8
The registration L at placeliAnd Lri(i=1,2,3,4), as shown in Figure 6.Bottom surface is on vertical transparent scale chi 7 on reading sample 8
The absolute value of the difference of reading, i.e. specimen height H.D is rubber film thickness between horizontal draw point in the same direction, is measured by slide measure.
According to trapezoidal neutrality line theorem, specimen finish D is calculated using formula 1, formula 2 and formula 3.
V=π D2H/4 formula 5；
Volume of sample V in the same time is calculated not according to formula 4 and formula 5.Due to the periphery and confined pressure water structure of balancing gate pit
Into convex lens, specimen size can estimate reading to 0.1mm.
Start dehumidification-fuchsin(e)test.The desired value of each controller is set, by pressure controller to sample apply confined pressure,
Back-pressure is tested with air pressure.Load sensor termination does not contact eventually with the sample cap beginning 13 under experiment reclaimed water.
In this experiment, the position that axle is presented a theatrical performance as the last item on a programme can not be too low, prevents confined pressure from being incited somebody to action when acting on air-entry value pottery clay plates base high
Axle pressure hydraulic pressure contracting, causes axle to be presented a theatrical performance as the last item on a programme declines, abrasion internal rubber seal part.
Claims (4)
1. flat sample unsaturated soil triaxial test volume measurement device is based on, it is characterised in that including：Air-entry value pottery clay plates high
Base (1), support column (2), horizontal cross transparent scale chi (3), level longitudinal direction transparent scale chi (4), horizontal draw point (5) is indulged
To draw point (6), vertical transparent scale chi (7), sample (8), permeable stone (9), pottery clay plates (10), gas pressure regulator intubation (11),
Backpressure controllers intubation (12), sample cap (13), rubber membrane (14), rubber ring (15)；Wherein：Air-entry value pottery clay plates base high
(1) in boss type structure, the built-in circular pottery clay plates (10) of circular groove are arranged at its top, and air-entry value pottery clay plates base (1) high is internal
There is cylindrical cavity, for backpressure controllers intubation (12) of planting；Sample (8) be from manufactured goods cylinder unsaturated soil sample,
It is positioned on pottery clay plates (10), the pottery clay plates (10) on the diameter of sample (8) and air-entry value pottery clay plates base (1) high are quite；Examination
Sample cap (13) is arranged on permeable stone (9) for cylinder, and with permeable stone (9) quite, sample cap has a circular hole to its diameter on (13)
For gas pressure regulator intubation (11) of planting；Rubber membrane (14) is respectively by sample cap (13), permeable stone (9), sample (8), Gao Jin
One section containing pottery clay plates (10) of gas value pottery clay plates base (1) is wrapped as overall, then with rubber ring (15) by rubber membrane (14)
Partly tightened positioned at sample cap (13) and pottery clay plates air-entry value pottery clay plates base (1) high, it is therefore an objective to prevent balancing gate pit from covering interior confined pressure
The entrance of water；Rubber ring (15) is respectively 2~6 in the upper and lower number of sample (8)；Horizontal draw point (5) and longitudinal draw point (6) each
Outside to being arranged on rubber membrane (14) in sample (8) altitude range, horizontal draw point (5) and longitudinal draw point (6) with sample (8)
Top surface and bottom surface are parallel, and the midpoint of draw point is fixed on the outside of rubber membrane (14)；Horizontal draw point (5) and longitudinal draw point (6) are different
The vertical relation in face；Support column (2) is set on the step of air-entry value pottery clay plates base (1) high, it is transparent for being bonded horizontal cross
Graduated scale (3), level longitudinal direction transparent scale chi (4), vertical transparent scale chi (7)；The number of horizontal cross transparent scale chi (3)
For two in same level and parallel, the number of level longitudinal direction transparent scale chi (4) for two in same level and parallel,
The number of vertical transparent scale chi (7) is one；It is vertical that horizontal cross transparent scale chi (3) Shi Yaoyu transverse directions draw point (6) is set,
Setting level longitudinal direction transparent scale chi (4) Shi Yaoyu longitudinal directions draw point (5) is vertical.
2. according to claim 1 be based on flat sample unsaturated soil triaxial test volume measurement device, it is characterised in that：
Each horizontal cross transparent scale chi (3), level longitudinal direction transparent scale chi (4) and vertical transparent scale chi (7) can be used
1~2 support column (2) carries out bonding support.
3. flat sample unsaturated soil triaxial test volume measuring method is based on, it is characterised in that by the survey described in claim 1
Amount device is covered installed in balancing gate pit, and air free water is full of in balancing gate pit's cover, and periphery and the confined pressure water of such balancing gate pit are constituted
Convex lens, so just to horizontal draw point (5) in level longitudinal direction transparent scale chi (4) and longitudinal draw point (6) end is in horizontal cross
The reading of the orthographic projection on transparent scale chi (3) amplifies, as a result more accurate.
4. according to claim 3 be based on flat sample unsaturated soil triaxial test volume measuring method, it is characterised in that
The horizontal draw point (5) is in level longitudinal direction transparent scale chi (4) and longitudinal draw point (6) is in horizontal cross transparent scale chi (3)
On orthographic projection reading, read registration L of sample (8) left and right sides draw point at orthographic projection on transparent scale chiliAnd Lri(i
=1,2,3,4)；According to trapezoidal neutrality line theorem, using formula 1, formula 2 and formula 3, the diameter D of sample (8) is being calculated；Read
Go out the absolute value of the difference of reading of the bottom surface on vertical transparent scale chi (7) on sample, i.e. specimen height H；Using the He of formula 4
Formula 5 calculates the volume of sample (8)：
V=π D2H/4 formula 5；
Wherein：D in formula 1, formula 2 and formula 4 is represented：D is rubber film thickness between horizontal draw point in the same direction.
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| CN106483993B (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2024-03-08 | 南京泰克奥科技有限公司 | Full-automatic unsaturated soil consolidation apparatus |
| CN107063485B (en) * | 2017-04-05 | 2023-06-02 | 河南省计量科学研究院 | Refrigerator power consumption test temperature sensor positioning bracket and positioning method thereof |
| CN108375532A (en) * | 2018-01-08 | 2018-08-07 | 东南大学 | Infiltration experiment device and test method |
| CN108760564B (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2024-04-19 | 河海大学 | Experimental device for be arranged in testing unsaturated sand gas persistence |
| CN114705548A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-07-05 | 南京工业大学 | Testing device and method for thermophysical property parameters of rock and soil material in complex stress state |
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| CN2539170Y (en) * | 2001-07-16 | 2003-03-05 | 香港理工大学 | Triaxial tester |
| CN101995373A (en) * | 2010-11-24 | 2011-03-30 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学所 | Method and device for measuring pore volume change of porous medium |
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| CN104007135A (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2014-08-27 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Civil engineering material volume change test instrument and test method |
| CN205786231U (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2016-12-07 | 南京工业大学 | Volume measuring device based on flat sample unsaturated soil triaxial test |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| FR2839782B1 (en) * | 2002-05-15 | 2004-06-18 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | METHOD FOR EVALUATING THE CAPILLARY PRESSURE CURVE OF ROCKS OF A SUBTERRANEAN DEPOSIT FROM MEASUREMENTS OF ROCK DEBRIS |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2539170Y (en) * | 2001-07-16 | 2003-03-05 | 香港理工大学 | Triaxial tester |
| CN101995373A (en) * | 2010-11-24 | 2011-03-30 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学所 | Method and device for measuring pore volume change of porous medium |
| CN102798371A (en) * | 2012-08-17 | 2012-11-28 | 四川大学 | Rock volume deformation measuring sensor and rock test-piece volume deformation measuring method |
| CN104007135A (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2014-08-27 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Civil engineering material volume change test instrument and test method |
| CN205786231U (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2016-12-07 | 南京工业大学 | Volume measuring device based on flat sample unsaturated soil triaxial test |
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Inventor after: Li Tong Inventor after: Han Aimin Inventor after: Jing Feng Inventor after: Wang Xudong Inventor after: Xu Hongzhong Inventor before: Li Tong Inventor before: Han Aimin Inventor before: Wang Xudong Inventor before: Xu Hongzhong |