CN104007135A - Civil engineering material volume change test instrument and test method - Google Patents
Civil engineering material volume change test instrument and test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104007135A CN104007135A CN201410264737.4A CN201410264737A CN104007135A CN 104007135 A CN104007135 A CN 104007135A CN 201410264737 A CN201410264737 A CN 201410264737A CN 104007135 A CN104007135 A CN 104007135A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a civil engineering material volume change test instrument and a test method, in particular to a material volume change test device and test method in civil engineering. According to the test instrument, a sealing rubber ring is arranged in an annular groove, a base is covered with an upper cover, an air intake and exhaust hole is formed in the top end of the upper cover, one end of a probe thermometer is arranged in the upper cover, the other end of the probe thermometer is arranged outside the upper cover, a plastic pipe is arranged on the upper end face of the upper cover and communicated with a cavity, and a graduated glass pipe is communicated with the plastic pipe. The test method comprises the steps that first, a civil engineering material test piece is prepared; second, the volume of the civil engineering test piece before a test is calculated; third, the civil engineering test piece is installed; fourth, liquid is injected into the cavity; fifth, the temperature of the civil engineering test piece is measured in an initial temperature environment; sixth, the temperature of the civil engineering test piece is measured in a measuring temperature environment; seventh, the initial temperature and the measuring temperature of the test piece are measured, and the number of division of the test piece is calibrated; eighth, the volume variation theta Vt of the civil engineering test piece is calculated; ninth, the volume expansion coefficient lambda of the civil engineering test piece is calculated. The civil engineering material volume change test instrument and the test method are used for measuring the volume change situation of the civil engineering material.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to proving installation and method of testing that in a kind of civil engineering work, material volume changes, be specifically related to a kind of earth working material volume change tester and method of testing.
Background technology
At present, mostly earth working material be by the test to its size as the stereometry of the materials such as soil, concrete, and then calculate volume change, and this method of testing is under conventional small-size test piece condition, and measuring accuracy is not very high.Yet these materials vary with temperature the volume change that the causes key of some problem in science often.In addition, especially for the earth working material that has certain water cut, as soil, the volume change situation in frost heave situation tends to cause larger problem in engineering, and the instrument of this respect and test method also lack very much.Therefore, the instrument of effective evaluation earth working material volume change and method of testing have no small demand.In industry, have similar test apparatus, some three-axis testers itself have attached volume change instrument, are characterizing three axle test specimen volume change situations under pressure-acting, are the tests of short time, and can not realize the mensuration that different temperatures lower volume changes.
Summary of the invention
The present invention can not measure under degree of precision various earth working materials in the problem of different temperatures lower volume situation of change for solving existing test apparatus, and a kind of earth working material volume change tester and method of testing are provided.
Earth working material volume change tester of the present invention comprises base, sealing rubber ring, upper cover, sealed screw, plastic tube, scale glass tube, probe temperature meter and fixed mount, base is comprised of boss and base plate, boss is arranged on the center of base plate upper surface, boss and base plate are made one, upper cover is tubbiness, the center pit edge, lower surface of upper cover is provided with annular groove, sealing rubber ring is arranged in annular groove, upper cover is fastened on base, the top of upper cover is provided with port, sealed screw is threaded with port, one end of probe temperature meter is arranged in upper cover, the other end of probe temperature meter is arranged on upper cover outside, plastic tube is positioned on the upper surface of upper cover and is communicated with cavity, scale glass tube is communicated with plastic tube, support is fixed on and covers, scale glass tube is fixed on support.
Earth working material volume change method of testing of the present invention:
Method one: earth working material volume change method of testing realizes by following steps:
Step 1, prepare earth working material test specimen: geotechnological test specimen is made cylindrical;
Step 2, calculate the volume before the test of geotechnological test specimen: the volume according to geotechnological test specimen diameter and high computational geotechnique test specimen, also can adopt the drainage of sealing with wax to record the volume of geotechnological test specimen, the volume that two kinds of modes are obtained is designated as V
0;
Step 3, geotechnological test specimen is installed: geotechnological test specimen is placed on boss, block is placed on the upper surface of geotechnological test specimen, with liquid-tight rubber mold, the face of cylinder of block, geotechnological test specimen and boss is wrapped up completely, adopt rubber band that liquid-tight rubber mold and block are fixed, adopt rubber band that liquid-tight rubber mold and boss are fixed, cover upper cover;
Step 4, to filling liquid in cavity: open sealed screw, from port or scale glass tube to cavity in filling liquid to liquid level be raised to port, by sealed screw shutoff port;
Step 5, in initial temperature environment, measure the temperature of geotechnological test specimen: earth working material volume change tester is positioned in temperature-controlled box, temperature-controlled box is set to an initial temperature, initial temperature is between-40 ℃～50 ℃, when the temperature that shows until probe temperature meter is identical with initial temperature, wait for after 30 minutes, continuation is from scale glass tube filling liquid, until liquid level rises to 0 groove, the demonstration initial temperature number that reads probe temperature meter is now T
0;
Step 6, in measuring temperature environment, measure the temperature of geotechnological test specimen 5: the temperature that regulates temperature-controlled box is measured temperature for of setting, measure temperature between-40 ℃～50 ℃, measuring temperature can not be identical with initial temperature, when the temperature showing until probe temperature meter is identical with measurement temperature, the measurement temperature number that reads the demonstration of probe temperature meter is T
1, and the number of division that reads liquid level position on scale glass tube is △ V;
Step 7, the initial temperature of measuring demarcation test specimen, measurement temperature, number of division: employing is with the isopyknic cast iron materials of geotechnological test specimen as demarcating test specimen, and repetition above-mentioned steps one is to step 6, and the initial temperature number that records demarcation test specimen is T
0the measurement temperature number that test specimen demarcated in ＇, record is T
1the number of division that test specimen demarcated in ＇, record is △ V';
Step 8, calculate the volume change △ V of geotechnological test specimen 5
t:
△V
t＝△V-△V'
△ V
t=△ V-△ V' has eliminated the experimental error that liquid volume changes;
Step 9, calculate the volume expansivity λ of geotechnological test specimen:
v in formula
0for the volume of geotechnological test specimen,
Expansion coefficient λ has reflected the temperature variant susceptibility of the volume of earth working material.
Method two: earth working material volume change method of testing realizes by following steps:
Step 1, prepare earth working material test specimen: geotechnological test specimen is made cylindrical;
Step 2, calculate the volume before the test of geotechnological test specimen: the volume according to geotechnological test specimen diameter and high computational geotechnique test specimen, also can adopt the drainage of sealing with wax to record the volume of geotechnological test specimen, the volume that two kinds of modes are obtained is designated as V
s0;
Step 3, geotechnological test specimen is installed: geotechnological test specimen is placed on boss, block is placed on the upper surface of geotechnological test specimen, with liquid-tight rubber mold, the face of cylinder of block, geotechnological test specimen and boss is wrapped up completely, adopt rubber band that liquid-tight rubber mold and block are fixed, adopt rubber band that liquid-tight rubber mold and boss are fixed, cover upper cover;
Step 4, to filling liquid in cavity: open sealed screw, from port or scale glass tube to cavity in filling liquid to liquid level be raised to port, by sealed screw shutoff port;
Step 5, in initial temperature environment, measure the temperature of geotechnological test specimen: earth working material volume change tester is positioned in temperature-controlled box, temperature-controlled box is set to an initial temperature, initial temperature is between-40 ℃～50 ℃, when the temperature that shows until probe temperature meter is identical with initial temperature, wait for after 30 minutes, continuation is from scale glass tube filling liquid, until liquid level rises to 0 groove, the demonstration initial temperature number that reads probe temperature meter is now T
s0;
The volume change sum of step 6, the volume change of measuring geotechnological test specimen in temperature control process and liquid: measure temperature for one that the temperature that regulates temperature-controlled box is setting, measure temperature between-40 ℃～50 ℃, measuring temperature can not be identical with initial temperature, within every 5 minutes in temperature changing process, carry out the liquid level of data determination temperature-controlled box temperature, probe temperature meter reading and scale glass tube, respectively temperature-controlled box temperature data is recorded as to T
control 1, T
control 2, T
control 3, T
control 4t
control n, probe temperature meter read-record is T
s1, T
s2, T
s3, T
s4t
sn, the liquid level of scale glass tube is recorded as V
s1, V
s2, V
s3, V
s4v
sn, V
s1, V
s2, V
s3, V
s4v
snbe respectively first, second, third, fourth ... geotechnique's volume change of test specimen and the volume change sum of liquid while measuring for n time;
Step 7, in temperature control process, measure the volume change of liquid: adopt with the isopyknic cast iron materials of geotechnological test specimen as demarcating test specimen, repeat above-mentioned steps one to step 6, the initial temperature number that test specimen demarcated in record is T
s0＇, respectively temperature-controlled box temperature data is recorded as to T
control 1＇, T
control 2＇, T
control 3＇, T
control 4＇ ... T
control n＇, probe temperature meter read-record is T
s1＇, T
s2＇, T
s3＇, T
s4＇ ... T
sn＇, the liquid level of scale glass tube is recorded as V
s1＇, V
s2＇, V
s3＇, V
s4＇ ... V
sn＇, V
s1＇, V
s2＇, V
s3＇, V
s4＇ ... V
sn＇ is respectively first, second, third, fourth ... the volume change of liquid while measuring for the n time;
Step 8, in temperature control process, measure the volume change of geotechnological test specimen:
Probe temperature meter reading temperature T
s1＇, T
s2＇, T
s3＇, T
s4＇ ... T
sn＇ is horizontal ordinate, the liquid level V of scale glass tube
s1＇, V
s2＇, V
s3＇, V
s4＇ ... V
sn＇ is ordinate, carries out regretional analysis, obtains regression equation slope k
s, calculate thus the volume change △ V of geotechnological test specimen
sm(m=1 wherein, 2,3,4 ... n):
△V
sm＝V
sm-k
s(T
sm-T
s0)
Step 9, draw the volume change △ V of geotechnological test specimen
smwith probe temperature meter reading T
smrelation curve: in probe temperature reading temperature T
s1, T
s2, T
s3, T
s4t
snfor horizontal ordinate, the volume change △ V of geotechnological test specimen
s1, △ V
s2, △ V
s3, △ V
s4△ V
snfor ordinate is done curve, according to the stability of rate of curve mutation analysis volume change.
The present invention compared with prior art has following beneficial effect:
The mensuration of the volume expansivity that, earth working material volume change tester of the present invention is various earth working materials provides a kind of feasible solution.
Two, earth working material volume change tester is enhanced about more than once than current conventional method of testing precision to the mensuration precision of volume change.Artificial factor obviously reduces the impact of test error.
Three, the material that is non-constant value for volume expansivity, take earth working material volume change tester as basis, has proposed volume and has varied with temperature curve test method.By volume being varied with temperature to the analysis of curve, the further temperature variant rule of analysis of material body.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the one-piece construction front view of earth working material volume change tester of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structure cut-open view of upper cover 4;
Fig. 3 is the vertical view of Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is the structural front view of base 1;
Fig. 5 is the vertical view of Fig. 4.
Embodiment
Embodiment one: present embodiment is described in conjunction with Fig. 1～Fig. 5, present embodiment comprises base 1, sealing rubber ring 3, upper cover 4, sealed screw 10, plastic tube 11, scale glass tube 12, probe temperature meter 13 and fixed mount 14, base 1 is comprised of boss 1-1 and base plate 1-2, boss 1-1 is arranged on the center of base plate 1-2 upper surface, boss 1-1 and base plate 1-2 make one, upper cover 4 is tubbiness, the center pit edge, lower surface of upper cover 4 is provided with annular groove 4-1, sealing rubber ring 3 is arranged in annular groove 4-1, upper cover 4 is fastened on base 1, utilize four holding screws 2 that upper cover 4 is connected with base 1, the top of upper cover 4 is provided with port 4-2, threaded hole 9 can be used to into water or air inlet, sealed screw 10 is threaded with port 4-2, one end of probe temperature meter 13 is arranged in upper cover 4, the other end of probe temperature meter 13 is arranged on upper cover 4 outsides, plastic tube 11 is positioned on the upper surface of upper cover 4 and is communicated with cavity 9, scale glass tube 12 is communicated with plastic tube 11, support 14 is fixed on upper cover 4, scale glass tube 12 is fixed on support 14.
Embodiment two: in conjunction with Fig. 1, present embodiment is described, present embodiment realizes by following steps:
Step 1, prepare earth working material test specimen: geotechnological test specimen 5 is made cylindrical;
Step 2, calculate the volume before 5 tests of geotechnological test specimen: the volume according to geotechnological test specimen 5 diameters and high computational geotechnique test specimen 5, also can adopt the drainage of sealing with wax to record the volume of geotechnological test specimen 5, the volume that two kinds of modes are obtained is designated as V
0;
Step 3, geotechnological test specimen 5 is installed: geotechnological test specimen 5 is placed on boss 1-1, block 8 is placed on the upper surface of geotechnological test specimen 5, with liquid-tight rubber mold 6, the face of cylinder of block 8, geotechnological test specimen 5 and boss 1-1 is wrapped up completely, adopt rubber band 7 that liquid-tight rubber mold 6 is fixing with block 8, adopt rubber band 7 that liquid-tight rubber mold 6 is fixed with boss 1-1, guarantee the interior liquid isolation of geotechnological test specimen 5 and cavity 9, cover upper cover 4, tighten holding screw 2;
Step 4, to the interior filling liquid of cavity 9: open sealed screw 10, from port 4-2 or scale glass tube 12, to the interior filling liquid of cavity 9 to liquid level, be raised to port 4-2, by sealed screw 10 shutoff port 4-2, and tighten sealed screw 10;
Step 5, in initial temperature environment, measure the temperature of geotechnological test specimen 5: earth working material volume change tester is positioned in temperature-controlled box, temperature-controlled box is set to an initial temperature, initial temperature is between-40 ℃～50 ℃, initial temperature can be according to the on-the-spot environment set of experiment, when the temperature that shows until probe temperature meter 13 is identical with initial temperature, wait for after 30 minutes, continuation is from scale glass tube 12 filling liquids, until liquid level rises to 0 groove, the demonstration initial temperature number that reads probe temperature meter 13 is now T
0;
Step 6, in measuring temperature environment, measure the temperature of geotechnological test specimen 5: the temperature that regulates temperature-controlled box is measured temperature for of setting, measure temperature between-40 ℃～50 ℃, measuring temperature can not be identical with initial temperature, measuring temperature can be according to the on-the-spot environment set of experiment, when the temperature showing until probe temperature meter 13 is identical with measurement temperature, the measurement temperature number that reads the demonstration of probe temperature meter 13 is T
1, and the number of division that reads liquid level position on scale glass tube 12 is △ V, and this number of division unit is volume, wherein 0 groove top is denoted as on the occasion of 0 groove below and is denoted as negative value;
Step 7, the initial temperature of measuring demarcation test specimen, measurement temperature, number of division: employing is with the isopyknic cast iron materials of geotechnological test specimen 5 as demarcating test specimen, and repetition above-mentioned steps one is to step 6, and the initial temperature number that records demarcation test specimen is T
0the measurement temperature number that test specimen demarcated in ＇, record is T
1the number of division that test specimen demarcated in ＇, record is △ V', and this number of division unit is volume,
Step 8, calculate the volume change △ V of geotechnological test specimen 5
t:
△V
t＝△V-△V'
△ V
t=△ V-△ V' has eliminated the experimental error that liquid volume changes;
Step 9, calculate the volume expansivity λ of geotechnological test specimen 5:
v in formula
0for the volume of geotechnological test specimen 5,
Expansion coefficient λ has reflected the temperature variant susceptibility of the volume of earth working material.
Embodiment three: in conjunction with Fig. 1, present embodiment is described, present embodiment be the diameter of the geotechnological test specimen 5 in step 1 be φ 40mm ± 2mm, highly for 50mm～90mm.Other step is identical with embodiment two.
Embodiment four: in conjunction with Fig. 1, present embodiment is described, present embodiment is that the liquid in step 4 is water or anti freezing solution.When probe temperature is when more than 0 ℃, injected water; When probe temperature is below 0 ℃ time, inject anti freezing solution; When probe temperature is during at 0 ℃, injected water or anti freezing solution.Other step is identical with embodiment two.
Embodiment five: present embodiment is that the initial temperature in step 5 is set as-20 ℃, and the measurement Temperature Setting in step 6 is 20 ℃.Other composition and annexation are identical with embodiment two.
Embodiment six: present embodiment is that the initial temperature in step 5 is set as-30 ℃, and the measurement Temperature Setting in step 6 is 0 ℃.Other composition and annexation are identical with embodiment two.
Embodiment seven: in conjunction with Fig. 1, present embodiment is described, present embodiment realizes by following steps:
Step 1, prepare earth working material test specimen 5: geotechnological test specimen 5 is made cylindrical;
Step 2, calculate the volume before 5 tests of geotechnological test specimen: the volume according to geotechnological test specimen 5 diameters and high computational geotechnique test specimen 5, also can adopt the drainage of sealing with wax to record the volume of geotechnological test specimen 5, the volume that two kinds of modes are obtained is designated as V
s0;
Step 3, geotechnological test specimen 5 is installed: geotechnological test specimen 5 is placed on boss 1-1, block 8 is placed on the upper surface of geotechnological test specimen 5, with liquid-tight rubber mold 6, the face of cylinder of block 8, geotechnological test specimen 5 and boss 1-1 is wrapped up completely, adopt rubber band 7 that liquid-tight rubber mold 6 is fixing with block 8, adopt rubber band 7 that liquid-tight rubber mold 6 is fixed with boss 1-1, guarantee the interior liquid isolation of geotechnological test specimen 5 and cavity 9, cover upper cover 4, tighten holding screw 2;
Step 4, to the interior filling liquid of cavity 9: open sealed screw 10, from port 4-2 or scale glass tube 12, to the interior filling liquid of cavity 9 to liquid level, be raised to port 4-2, by sealed screw 10 shutoff port 4-2, and tighten sealed screw 10;
Step 5, in initial temperature environment, measure the temperature of geotechnological test specimen 5: earth working material volume change tester is positioned in temperature-controlled box, temperature-controlled box is set to an initial temperature, initial temperature is between-40 ℃～50 ℃, initial temperature can be according to the on-the-spot environment set of experiment, when the temperature that shows until probe temperature meter 13 is identical with initial temperature, wait for after 30 minutes, continuation is from scale glass tube 12 filling liquids, until liquid level rises to 0 groove, the demonstration initial temperature number that reads probe temperature meter 13 is now T
s0;
The volume change sum of step 6, the volume change of measuring geotechnological test specimen 5 in temperature control process and liquid: measure temperature for one that the temperature that regulates temperature-controlled box is setting, measure temperature between-40 ℃～50 ℃, measuring temperature can not be identical with initial temperature, measuring temperature can be according to the on-the-spot environment set of experiment, within every 5 minutes in temperature changing process, carry out the liquid level of data determination temperature-controlled box temperature, probe temperature meter 13 readings and scale glass tube 12, respectively temperature-controlled box temperature data is recorded as to T
control 1, T
control 2, T
control 3, T
control 4t
control n, probe temperature meter 13 read-records are T
s1, T
s2, T
s3, T
s4t
sn, the liquid level of scale glass tube 12 is recorded as V
s1, V
s2, V
s3, V
s4v
sn, V
s1, V
s2, V
s3, V
s4v
snbe respectively first, second, third, fourth ... geotechnique's volume change of test specimen 5 and the volume change sum of liquid while measuring for n time;
Step 7, in temperature control process, measure the volume change of liquid: adopt with the isopyknic cast iron materials of geotechnological test specimen 5 as demarcating test specimen, repeat above-mentioned steps one to step 6, the initial temperature number that test specimen demarcated in record is T
s0＇, respectively temperature-controlled box temperature data is recorded as to T
control 1＇, T
control 2＇, T
control 3＇, T
control 4＇ ... T
control n＇, probe temperature meter 13 read-records are T
s1＇, T
s2＇, T
s3＇, T
s4＇ ... T
sn＇, the liquid level of scale glass tube 12 is recorded as V
s1＇, V
s2＇, V
s3＇, V
s4＇ ... V
sn＇, V
s1＇, V
s2＇, V
s3＇, V
s4＇ ... V
sn＇ is respectively first, second, third, fourth ... the volume change of liquid while measuring for the n time;
Step 8, in temperature control process, measure the volume change of geotechnological test specimen 5:
Probe temperature meter 13 reading temperature T
s1＇, T
s2＇, T
s3＇, T
s4＇ ... T
sn＇ is horizontal ordinate, the liquid level V of scale glass tube 12
s1＇, V
s2＇, V
s3＇, V
s4＇ ... V
sn＇ is ordinate, carries out regretional analysis, and regretional analysis is conventional Mathematical Statistic Analysis Method, obtains regression equation slope k s, calculates thus the volume change △ V of geotechnological test specimen 5
sm(m=1 wherein, 2,3,4 ... n):
△V
sm＝V
sm-k
s(T
sm-T
s0)
Step 9, draw the volume change △ V of geotechnological test specimen 5
smwith probe temperature meter 13 reading T
smrelation curve (m=1 wherein, 2,3,4 ... n): in probe temperature 13 reading temperature T
s1, T
s2, T
s3, T
s4t
snfor horizontal ordinate, the volume change △ V of geotechnological test specimen 5
s1, △ V
s2, △ V
s3, △ V
s4△ V
snfor ordinate is done curve, according to the stability of rate of curve mutation analysis volume change.
Embodiment eight: in conjunction with Fig. 1, present embodiment is described, present embodiment be the diameter of the geotechnological test specimen 5 in step 1 be φ 40mm ± 2mm, highly for 50mm～90mm.Other step is identical with embodiment seven.
Embodiment nine: in conjunction with Fig. 1, present embodiment is described, present embodiment is that the liquid in step 4 is water or anti freezing solution.When probe temperature is when more than 0 ℃, injected water; When probe temperature is below 0 ℃ time, inject anti freezing solution; When probe temperature is during at 0 ℃, injected water or anti freezing solution.Other step is identical with embodiment seven.
Embodiment ten: present embodiment is that the initial temperature in step 5 is set as-20 ℃, and the measurement Temperature Setting in step 6 is 20 ℃.Other step is identical with embodiment seven.
Embodiment 11: present embodiment is that the initial temperature in step 5 is set as-25 ℃, and the measurement Temperature Setting in step 6 is 10 ℃.Other step is identical with embodiment seven.
Embodiment 12: present embodiment is that the initial temperature in step 5 is set as-30 ℃, and the measurement Temperature Setting in step 6 is-20 ℃.Other step is identical with embodiment seven.
Embodiment 13: present embodiment is that the initial temperature in step 5 is set as 10 ℃, and the measurement Temperature Setting in step 6 is-15 ℃.Other step is identical with embodiment seven.
Embodiment 14: present embodiment is that the initial temperature in step 5 is set as 20 ℃, and the measurement Temperature Setting in step 6 is-10 ℃.Other step is identical with embodiment seven.
Embodiment 15: present embodiment is that the initial temperature in step 5 is set as 30 ℃, and the measurement Temperature Setting in step 6 is-30 ℃.Other step is identical with embodiment seven.
Claims (10)
1. an earth working material volume change tester, it is characterized in that: described earth working material volume change tester comprises base (1), sealing rubber ring (3), upper cover (4), sealed screw (10), plastic tube (11), scale glass tube (12), probe temperature meter (13) and fixed mount (14), base (1) is comprised of boss (1-1) and base plate (1-2), boss (1-1) is arranged on the center of base plate (1-2) upper surface, boss (1-1) is made one with base plate (1-2), upper cover (4) is tubbiness, the center pit edge, lower surface of upper cover (4) is provided with annular groove (4-1), sealing rubber ring (3) is arranged in annular groove (4-1), upper cover (4) is fastened on base (1), the top of upper cover (4) is provided with port (4-2), sealed screw (10) is threaded with port (4-2), one end of probe temperature meter (13) is arranged in upper cover (4), the other end of probe temperature meter (13) is arranged on upper cover (4) outside, plastic tube (11) is positioned on the upper surface of upper cover (4) and is communicated with cavity (9), scale glass tube (12) is communicated with plastic tube (11), support (14) is fixed on upper cover (4), scale glass tube (12) is fixed on support (14).
2. utilize earth working material volume change tester described in claim 1 to realize earth working material volume change method of testing, described method realizes by following steps:
Step 1, prepare earth working material test specimen: geotechnological test specimen (5) is made cylindrical;
Step 2, calculate the volume before geotechnological test specimen (5) test: according to the volume of geotechnological test specimen (5) diameter and high computational geotechnique's test specimen (5), also can adopt the drainage of sealing with wax to record the volume of geotechnological test specimen (5), the volume that two kinds of modes are obtained is designated as V
0;
Step 3, geotechnological test specimen (5) is installed: geotechnological test specimen (5) is placed on boss (1-1), block (8) is placed on the upper surface of geotechnological test specimen (5), with liquid-tight rubber mold (6), the face of cylinder of block (8), geotechnological test specimen (5) and boss (1-1) is wrapped up completely, adopt rubber band (7) that liquid-tight rubber mold (6) and block (8) is fixing, adopt rubber band (7) that liquid-tight rubber mold (6) and boss (1-1) is fixing, cover upper cover (4);
Step 4, to the interior filling liquid of cavity (9): open sealed screw (10), from port (4-2) or scale glass tube (12), to the interior filling liquid of cavity (9) to liquid level, be raised to port (4-2), by sealed screw (10) shutoff port (4-2);
Step 5, in initial temperature environment, measure the temperature of geotechnological test specimen (5): earth working material volume change tester is positioned in temperature-controlled box, temperature-controlled box is set to an initial temperature, initial temperature is between-40 ℃～50 ℃, when the temperature that shows until probe temperature meter (13) is identical with initial temperature, wait for after 30 minutes, continuation is from scale glass tube (12) filling liquid, until liquid level rises to 0 groove, the demonstration initial temperature number that reads probe temperature meter (13) is now T
0;
Step 6, in measuring temperature environment, measure the temperature of geotechnological test specimen (5): the temperature that regulates temperature-controlled box is measured temperature for of setting, measure temperature between-40 ℃～50 ℃, measuring temperature can not be identical with initial temperature, when the temperature showing until probe temperature meter (13) is identical with measurement temperature, the measurement temperature number that reads the demonstration of probe temperature meter (13) is T
1, and the number of division that reads liquid level position on scale glass tube (12) is △ V;
Step 7, the initial temperature of measuring demarcation test specimen, measurement temperature, number of division: employing is with the isopyknic cast iron materials of geotechnological test specimen (5) as demarcating test specimen, and repetition above-mentioned steps one is to step 6, and the initial temperature number that records demarcation test specimen is T
0the measurement temperature number that test specimen demarcated in ＇, record is T
1the number of division that test specimen demarcated in ＇, record is △ V';
Step 8, calculate the volume change △ V of geotechnological test specimen (5)
t:
△V
t＝△V-△V'
△ V
t=△ V-△ V' has eliminated the experimental error that liquid volume changes;
Step 9, calculate the volume expansivity λ of geotechnological test specimen (5):
v in formula
0for geotechnological test specimen (5 volume,
Expansion coefficient λ has reflected the temperature variant susceptibility of the volume of earth working material.
3. earth working material volume change method of testing according to claim 2, is characterized in that: it is characterized in that: the diameter of the geotechnological test specimen (5) in described step 1 is φ 40mm ± 2mm, is highly 50mm～90mm.
4. earth working material volume change method of testing according to claim 2, is characterized in that: it is characterized in that: the liquid in described step 4 is water or anti freezing solution.
5. earth working material volume change method of testing according to claim 2, is characterized in that: it is characterized in that: the initial temperature in described step 5 is set as-20 ℃, and the measurement Temperature Setting in step 6 is 20 ℃.
6. earth working material volume change method of testing according to claim 2, is characterized in that: it is characterized in that: the initial temperature in described step 5 is set as-30 ℃, and the measurement Temperature Setting in step 6 is 0 ℃.
7. utilize earth working material volume change tester described in claim 1 to realize earth working material volume change method of testing, described method realizes by following steps:
Step 1, prepare earth working material test specimen (5): geotechnological test specimen (5) is made cylindrical;
Step 2, calculate the volume before geotechnological test specimen (5) test: according to the volume of geotechnological test specimen (5) diameter and high computational geotechnique's test specimen (5), also can adopt the drainage of sealing with wax to record the volume of geotechnological test specimen (5), the volume that two kinds of modes are obtained is designated as V
s0;
Step 3, geotechnological test specimen (5) is installed: geotechnological test specimen (5) is placed on boss (1-1), block (8) is placed on the upper surface of geotechnological test specimen (5), with liquid-tight rubber mold (6), the face of cylinder of block (8), geotechnological test specimen (5) and boss (1-1) is wrapped up completely, adopt rubber band (7) that liquid-tight rubber mold (6) and block (8) is fixing, adopt rubber band (7) that liquid-tight rubber mold (6) and boss (1-1) is fixing, cover upper cover (4);
Step 4, to the interior filling liquid of cavity (9): open sealed screw (10), from port (4-2) or scale glass tube (12), to the interior filling liquid of cavity (9) to liquid level, be raised to port (4-2), by sealed screw (10) shutoff port (4-2);
Step 5, in initial temperature environment, measure the temperature of geotechnological test specimen (5): earth working material volume change tester is positioned in temperature-controlled box, temperature-controlled box is set to an initial temperature, initial temperature is between-40 ℃～50 ℃, when the temperature that shows until probe temperature meter (13) is identical with initial temperature, wait for after 30 minutes, continuation is from scale glass tube (12) filling liquid, rise to 0 groove to liquid level, the demonstration initial temperature number that reads probe temperature meter (13) is now T
s0;
Step 6, in temperature control process, measure the volume change sum of volume change and the liquid of geotechnological test specimen (5): the temperature that regulates temperature-controlled box is measured temperature for of setting, measure temperature between-40 ℃～50 ℃, measuring temperature can not be identical with initial temperature, within every 5 minutes in temperature changing process, carry out the liquid level of data determination temperature-controlled box temperature, probe temperature meter (13) reading and scale glass tube (12), respectively temperature-controlled box temperature data is recorded as to T
control 1, T
control 2, T
control 3, T
control 4t
control n, (13 read-records are T to probe temperature meter
s1, T
s2, T
s3, T
s4t
sn, (12 liquid level is recorded as V to scale glass tube
s1, V
s2, V
s3, V
s4v
sn, V
s1, V
s2, V
s3, V
s4v
snbe respectively first, second, third, fourth ... the volume change of geotechnique's test specimen (5) and the volume change sum of liquid while measuring for n time;
Step 7, in temperature control process, measure the volume change of liquid: adopt with the isopyknic cast iron materials of geotechnological test specimen (5) as demarcating test specimen, repeat above-mentioned steps one to step 6, the initial temperature number that test specimen demarcated in record is T
s0＇, respectively temperature-controlled box temperature data is recorded as to T
control 1＇, T
control 2＇, T
control 3＇, T
control 4＇ ... T
control n＇, probe temperature meter (13) read-record is T
s1＇, T
s2＇, T
s3＇, T
s4＇ ... T
sn＇, the liquid level of scale glass tube 12 is recorded as V
s1＇, V
s2＇, V
s3＇, V
s4＇ ... V
sn＇, V
s1＇, V
s2＇, V
s3＇, V
s4＇ ... V
sn＇ is respectively first, second, third, fourth ... the volume change of liquid while measuring for the n time;
Step 8, in temperature control process, measure the volume change of geotechnological test specimen 5:
Probe temperature meter (13) reading temperature T
s1＇, T
s2＇, T
s3＇, T
s4＇ ... T
sn＇ is horizontal ordinate, the liquid level V of scale glass tube (12)
s1＇, V
s2＇, V
s3＇, V
s4＇ ... V
sn＇ is ordinate, carries out regretional analysis, obtains regression equation slope k
s, calculate thus the volume change △ V of geotechnological test specimen 5
sm(m=1 wherein, 2,3,4 ... n):
△V
sm＝V
sm-k
s(T
sm-T
s0)
Step 9, draw the volume change △ V of geotechnological test specimen (5)
smwith probe temperature meter (13) reading T
smrelation curve: in probe temperature (13) reading temperature T
s1, T
s2, T
s3, T
s4t
snfor horizontal ordinate, the volume change △ V of geotechnological test specimen (5)
s1, △ V
s2, △ V
s3, △ V
s4△ V
snfor ordinate is done curve, according to the stability of rate of curve mutation analysis volume change.
8. earth working material volume change method of testing according to claim 7, is characterized in that: it is characterized in that: the diameter of the geotechnological test specimen (5) in described step 1 is φ 40mm ± 2mm, is highly 50mm～90mm.
9. earth working material volume change method of testing according to claim 7, is characterized in that: it is characterized in that: the liquid in described step 4 is water or anti freezing solution.
10. earth working material volume change method of testing according to claim 7, is characterized in that: it is characterized in that: the initial temperature in described step 5 is set as-20 ℃, and the measurement Temperature Setting in step 6 is 20 ℃.
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